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CN110333535B - Method for measuring anisotropic wave velocity field of in-situ rock mass - Google Patents

Method for measuring anisotropic wave velocity field of in-situ rock mass Download PDF

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CN110333535B
CN110333535B CN201910267680.6A CN201910267680A CN110333535B CN 110333535 B CN110333535 B CN 110333535B CN 201910267680 A CN201910267680 A CN 201910267680A CN 110333535 B CN110333535 B CN 110333535B
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elastic wave
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elastic
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rock mass
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CN110333535A (en
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江权
刘畅
徐鼎平
晏飞
杨成祥
白国峰
乔志斌
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Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics of CAS
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H5/00—Measuring propagation velocity of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves, e.g. of pressure waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for measuring an in-situ rock mass anisotropic wave velocity field, which comprises the following steps of: the method comprises the steps of drilling a hole on a near-empty wall surface of an existing engineering rock mass, wherein the hole comprises three signal receiving holes and a signal transmitting hole, an elastic wave receiving probe is placed in the three signal receiving holes, an elastic wave transmitting probe is placed in the signal transmitting hole to obtain coordinates of the three elastic wave receiving probes, the position of the elastic wave transmitting probe is moved, when the elastic wave transmitting probe is in different positions, elastic waves are transmitted, the elastic wave receiving probe receives the elastic waves, a model is built according to the coordinates of the probe and the time difference between the transmitted elastic waves and the received elastic waves, and the rock mass anisotropic wave velocity field of the elastic wave transmitting probe in the region enclosed by the elastic wave receiving probe in different positions is obtained. The invention overcomes the defect that the existing method for measuring the wave velocity of the elastic wave of the rock mass can only measure the wave velocity along the axial direction of the drilling hole, realizes the three-dimensional measurement of the wave velocity of the engineering rock mass, and establishes the anisotropic wave velocity field of the engineering rock mass.

Description

一种现场原位岩体各向异性波速场测量方法A method for measuring anisotropic wave velocity field of in situ rock mass

技术领域technical field

本发明涉及一种工程原位岩体各向异性波速场测量方法，更具体涉及利用弹性波测量获得工程原位岩体的各向异性波速场的测量方法，属于岩体工程技术领域。The invention relates to a method for measuring the anisotropic wave velocity field of an engineering in-situ rock mass, more particularly to a measuring method for obtaining the anisotropic wave velocity field of an engineering in-situ rock mass by means of elastic wave measurement, and belongs to the technical field of rock mass engineering.

背景技术Background technique

随着国家经济的腾飞，土木建筑行业的快速发展，工程建设的高度、深度、难度不断刷新纪录，为了保证工程安全顺利的建设，势必要求获取高质量的工程地质勘察结果，不准确的工程地质勘察结果将对工程建设造成巨大损失，因此工程地质勘查是工程建设的基础性环节。目前，岩体弹性波波速探测法是一种常用的工程地质勘查方法，通过声波发射探头发射超声波，经岩体传播至声波接收探头，通过两个测量探头距离和弹性波传输的时差计算出传输方向上岩体弹性波波速。该方法是一种无损方法，能够很好的计算出岩体弹性波波速，而且岩体弹性波波速与岩体物理力学性质、岩体结构有密切关联特性，因而能通过岩体弹性波波速能够对岩体进行岩体质量分级，为工程地质勘察提供依据。With the rapid development of the national economy and the rapid development of the civil construction industry, the height, depth and difficulty of engineering construction are constantly breaking new records. In order to ensure the safe and smooth construction of the project, it is necessary to obtain high-quality engineering geological survey results. The survey results will cause huge losses to the engineering construction, so the engineering geological survey is the basic link of the engineering construction. At present, the rock mass elastic wave velocity detection method is a commonly used engineering geological exploration method. Ultrasonic waves are emitted by the acoustic wave transmitting probe and propagated to the acoustic wave receiving probe through the rock mass. The transmission is calculated by the distance between the two measuring probes and the time difference of the elastic wave transmission. The elastic wave velocity of the rock mass in the direction. This method is a non-destructive method, which can calculate the elastic wave velocity of rock mass very well, and the elastic wave velocity of rock mass is closely related to the physical and mechanical properties of rock mass and the structure of rock mass, so it can be calculated by the elastic wave velocity of rock mass. The rock mass quality classification is carried out to provide the basis for engineering geological survey.

目前，进行的许多岩体弹性波波速的测量方法都是通过钻取测试孔，依次推动声波探头发射超声波，获取沿钻孔深度变化的弹性波波速：At present, many methods for measuring the elastic wave velocity of rock mass are to drill the test hole, push the sonic probe to emit ultrasonic waves in turn, and obtain the elastic wave velocity that varies along the depth of the borehole:

(1)《岩石力学与工程学报》，2018年第37卷第11期，题名“基于岩体完整性评价的超声-地震波速度跨尺度装换方法研究”，作者张程远等，该研究利用钻孔岩心实测超声波波速数据开获取地下介质地震波速，并利用钻孔岩心图像确定岩体体积节理数和岩体完整性系数，将岩快的地震波速转换为岩体地震波速，但是该研究仍然只能获取沿钻孔轴线方向的波速。(1) Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering, Vol. 37, No. 11, 2018, titled "Research on Ultrasonic-Seismic Wave Velocity Cross-scale Replacement Method Based on Evaluation of Rock Mass Integrity", author Zhang Chengyuan et al. The measured ultrasonic wave velocity data of the core is used to obtain the seismic wave velocity of the underground medium, and the number of rock mass joints and the rock mass integrity coefficient are determined by the borehole core image, and the fast seismic wave velocity is converted into the rock mass seismic wave velocity. Get the wave velocity along the borehole axis.

(2)《人民长江》，第2018年第49卷增刊(2)，题名“基于岩体波速正态分布拟合的岩体质量分级”，作者刘海涛，该研究采用最小二乘法拟合正态分布概率密度函数，能够很好地模拟岩样的声波测试结果，进而利用正态分布概率密度函数中的期望值和标准差来进行波速分段，确定岩体质量分级标准，该研究获取的波速数据仍然是沿钻孔轴线方向的波速。(2) "People's Yangtze River", Vol. 49 Supplement (2) in 2018, titled "Rock mass quality classification based on the normal distribution of rock mass wave velocity fitting", author Liu Haitao, the study uses the least squares method to fit the normal The distribution probability density function can well simulate the sound wave test results of rock samples, and then use the expected value and standard deviation in the normal distribution probability density function to segment the wave velocity and determine the rock mass quality classification standard. The wave velocity data obtained in this study Still the wave velocity along the borehole axis.

(3)中国专利公开号CN 108872391公开日2018.11.23，发明名称为“用于评价岩体稳定状态的物探分析方法”，该发明利用弹性波波速对岩体松弛程度进行划分，判断岩体是否存在新增的微裂隙，获取待测岩体的稳定状态，但该发明使用的弹性波波速仍然是钻孔轴线方向的波速，仍然是一维的弹性波波速。(3) Chinese Patent Publication No. CN 108872391 was published on 2018.11.23, and the name of the invention is "Geophysical Analysis Method for Evaluating Stable State of Rock Mass". The invention uses elastic wave velocity to divide the degree of relaxation of rock mass to determine whether the rock mass is There are newly added micro-cracks to obtain the stable state of the rock mass to be measured, but the elastic wave velocity used in this invention is still the wave velocity in the direction of the borehole axis, which is still a one-dimensional elastic wave velocity.

上述技术应用现状分析表明，目前关于使用岩体弹性波进行岩体质量分级、确定岩体完整性系数等研究都取得了一定进展，且为工程地质勘察提供了一些参考意义。然而，受复杂层理、节理、裂隙等地质成因和后期构造影响，工程原位岩体是具有各向异性的，因而工程原位岩体的波速应具有各向异性的特点，即在不同方向具有不同的波速，仅仅通过获取的沿孔径深度方向波速来进行岩体质量分级、确定岩体完整性系数是不严谨的。综合看来，开展岩体各向异性弹性波波速场的三维测量方法和计算方法是亟需的。The analysis of the application status of the above technologies shows that some progress has been made in the research on rock mass quality classification and determination of rock mass integrity coefficients using elastic waves of rock mass, and it provides some reference significance for engineering geological survey. However, due to the complex bedding, joints, fissures and other geological causes and later structures, the engineering in-situ rock mass is anisotropic, so the wave velocity of the engineering in-situ rock mass should have the characteristics of anisotropy, that is, in different directions With different wave velocities, it is not rigorous to classify the rock mass quality and determine the rock mass integrity coefficient only through the obtained wave velocity along the aperture depth direction. On the whole, it is urgent to develop three-dimensional measurement methods and calculation methods for the anisotropic elastic wave velocity field of rock mass.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

针对上述存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种原位岩体各向异性波速场的测量方法，旨在克服现有岩体弹性波波速测量方法只能测量沿钻孔轴线方向的波速的不足，实现对工程岩体波速的三维测量，建立工程岩体的各向异性波速场。In view of the above-mentioned problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the anisotropic wave velocity field of an in-situ rock mass, aiming to overcome the problem that the existing rock mass elastic wave velocity measurement method can only measure the wave velocity along the direction of the borehole axis. Insufficient, realize the three-dimensional measurement of the wave velocity of the engineering rock mass, and establish the anisotropic wave velocity field of the engineering rock mass.

为了实现上述目的，本发明所采用的技术方案是：一种原位岩体各向异性波速场测量方法，包括以下步骤：In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: an in-situ rock mass anisotropic wave velocity field measurement method, comprising the following steps:

A.在待测量的工程岩体的临空壁面上钻取三个信号采集孔，三个信号采集孔垂直于临空壁面或者在岩体内部发散倾向分布，在三个信号采集孔之间围合成的三棱柱空间中再钻取信号发射孔，信号发射孔分布在三棱柱空间内部与信号采集孔隔离；A. Drill three signal acquisition holes on the free wall surface of the engineering rock mass to be measured. The three signal acquisition holes are perpendicular to the free wall surface or have a divergent tendency distribution inside the rock mass, and surround the three signal acquisition holes between the three signal acquisition holes. The signal emission holes are drilled in the synthesized triangular prism space, and the signal emission holes are distributed inside the triangular prism space and isolated from the signal acquisition holes;

B.以垂直于临空壁面的轴线为z轴，临空壁面为x-y平面建立坐标系，测量所述信号发射孔、信号采集孔与x、y、z轴的倾斜角余弦值；在各信号采集孔内分别布置弹性波接收探头，并记录所述弹性波接收探头的布置深度，三个弹性波接收探头在三棱柱空间内构成信号接收平面；在信号发射孔内布置弹性波发射探头，并记录所述弹性波发射探头的布置深度L4，使信号接收平面处于弹性波发射探头和工程岩体临空壁面之间；B. Take the axis perpendicular to the empty wall surface as the z-axis, and the empty wall surface as the xy plane to establish a coordinate system, and measure the cosine value of the inclination angle between the signal emission hole, the signal acquisition hole and the x, y, and z axes; The elastic wave receiving probes are respectively arranged in the collection holes, and the arrangement depth of the elastic wave receiving probes is recorded. The three elastic wave receiving probes form a signal receiving plane in the triangular prism space; the elastic wave transmitting probes are arranged in the signal transmitting holes, and the Record the arrangement depth L 4 of the elastic wave transmitting probe, so that the signal receiving plane is between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the hollow wall of the engineering rock mass;

C.将三个弹性波接收探头的数据线接入弹性波接收系统，弹性波发射探头的数据线接入弹性波发射系统，两个系统同步时钟；使弹性波发射探头发射弹性波，三个弹性波接收探头接收弹性波，通过弹性波接收系统分别自动记录三个弹性波接收探头接收到的弹性波首次到达时刻分别为t1,t2,t3，弹性波发射系统记录弹性波发射探头发射弹性波的时刻ta；C. Connect the data lines of the three elastic wave receiving probes to the elastic wave receiving system, and the data lines of the elastic wave transmitting probes to the elastic wave transmitting system, and synchronize the clocks of the two systems; make the elastic wave transmitting probes emit elastic waves, three The elastic wave receiving probe receives the elastic wave, and the elastic wave receiving system automatically records the first arrival times of the elastic waves received by the three elastic wave receiving probes respectively as t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , and the elastic wave transmitting system records the elastic wave transmitting probe. the time ta when the elastic wave is emitted;

D.再改变所述弹性波发射探头的布置深度为L5，使弹性波发射探头处于信号接收平面和工程岩体临空壁面之间；D. Change the arrangement depth of the elastic wave transmitting probe to L 5 again, so that the elastic wave transmitting probe is located between the signal receiving plane and the hollow wall of the engineering rock mass;

E.弹性波发射探头发射弹性波，通过弹性波接收系统分别自动记录三个弹性波接收探头接收到的弹性波首次到达时刻分别为t4,t5,t6，弹性波发射系统记录弹性波发射探头发射弹性波的时刻为tb；E. The elastic wave transmitting probe emits elastic waves, and the elastic wave receiving system automatically records the first arrival times of the elastic waves received by the three elastic wave receiving probes respectively as t 4 , t 5 , t 6 , and the elastic wave transmitting system records the elastic waves The moment when the transmitting probe transmits the elastic wave is t b ;

F.在执行步骤B及步骤D后依据信号发射孔、信号采集孔与x、y、z轴的倾斜角及所述弹性波接收探头、弹性波发射探头的布置深度，计算所述弹性波接收探头的坐标，输出弹性波接收探头和弹性波发射探头的坐标Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5至坐标txt文本文件，其中Q1,Q2,Q3为弹性波接收探头的坐标Q1＝(x1,y1,z1),Q2＝(x2,y2,z2),Q3＝(x3,y3,z3)，Q4为弹性波发射探头在深度为L4时的坐标Q4＝(x4,y4,z4)，Q5弹性波发射探头深度为L5时的坐标Q5＝(x5,y5,z5)；F. After performing steps B and D, according to the inclination angles of the signal emission hole, the signal acquisition hole and the x, y, and z axes and the arrangement depth of the elastic wave receiving probe and the elastic wave transmitting probe, calculate the elastic wave receiving The coordinates of the probe, the coordinates Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , Q 5 of the output elastic wave receiving probe and the elastic wave transmitting probe are to the coordinate txt text file, where Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 are the elastic wave receiving probes The coordinates of Q 1 =(x 1 ,y 1 ,z 1 ),Q 2 =(x 2 ,y 2 ,z 2 ),Q 3 =(x 3 ,y 3 ,z 3 ),Q 4 is the elastic wave emission The coordinates Q 4 =(x 4 , y 4 , z 4 ) of the probe when the depth is L 4 , the coordinates Q 5 =(x 5 , y 5 , z 5 ) when the depth of the elastic wave emission probe of Q 5 is L 5 ;

G.计算测量出的波速和波速传播方向的方向余弦G. Calculate the measured wave speed and the direction cosine of the wave speed propagation direction

当弹性波发射探头处于坐标Q4位置时，输入ta,t1,t2,t3，及坐标txt文本文件，计算弹性波发射探头与三个弹性波接收探头之间的波速v1,v2,v3,根据弹性波发射探头与三个弹性波接收探头的距离d4-i计算v1,v2,v3传播方向的方向余弦n1,n2,n3,n1＝(l1,m1,k1)，n2＝(l2,m2,k2)，n3＝(l3,m3,k3)；When the elastic wave transmitting probe is at the position of coordinate Q4 , input t a , t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , and the coordinate txt text file to calculate the wave velocity v 1 between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the three elastic wave receiving probes, v 2 , v 3 , according to the distance d 4-i between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the three elastic wave receiving probes, calculate the cosines of the propagation directions of v 1 , v 2 , v 3 n 1 , n 2 , n 3 , n 1 = (l 1 , m 1 , k 1 ), n 2 =(l 2 ,m 2 ,k 2 ),n 3 =(l 3 ,m 3 ,k 3 );

当弹性波发射探头处于坐标Q5位置时，输入tb,t1,t2,t3，及坐标txt文本文件，计算弹性波发射探头与三个弹性波接收探头之间的波速v4,v5,v6,根据弹性波发射探头与三个弹性波接收探头的距离d5-i计算v4,v5,v6传播方向的方向余弦n4,n5,n6，n4＝(l4,m4,k4)，n5＝(l5,m5,k5)，n6＝(l6,m6,k6)；When the elastic wave transmitting probe is at the position of coordinate Q5 , input t b , t 1 , t 2 , t 3 , and the coordinate txt text file to calculate the wave velocity v 4 between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the three elastic wave receiving probes, v 5 , v 6 , calculate the cosines n 4 , n 5 , n 6 of the propagation directions of v 4 , v 5 , v 6 according to the distance d 5-i between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the three elastic wave receiving probes, n 4 = (l 4 , m 4 , k 4 ), n 5 =(l 5 ,m 5 ,k 5 ),n 6 =(l 6 ,m 6 ,k 6 );

按以下计算公式进行程序计算The program is calculated according to the following calculation formula

Figure GDA0002394223560000051
Figure GDA0002394223560000051

Figure GDA0002394223560000052
Figure GDA0002394223560000052

Figure GDA0002394223560000053
Figure GDA0002394223560000053

Figure GDA0002394223560000054
Figure GDA0002394223560000054

Figure GDA0002394223560000055
Figure GDA0002394223560000055

Figure GDA0002394223560000056
Figure GDA0002394223560000056

Figure GDA0002394223560000057
Figure GDA0002394223560000057

Figure GDA0002394223560000058
Figure GDA0002394223560000058

Figure GDA0002394223560000059
Figure GDA0002394223560000059

Figure GDA00023942235600000510
Figure GDA00023942235600000510

Figure GDA00023942235600000511
Figure GDA00023942235600000511

Figure GDA00023942235600000512
Figure GDA00023942235600000512

Figure GDA0002394223560000061
Figure GDA0002394223560000061

Figure GDA0002394223560000062
Figure GDA0002394223560000062

Figure GDA0002394223560000063
Figure GDA0002394223560000063

Figure GDA0002394223560000064
Figure GDA0002394223560000064

Figure GDA0002394223560000065
Figure GDA0002394223560000065

其中xi,yi,zi,i＝1,2,3为第i个弹性波接收探头的坐标，x4,y4,z4为弹性波发射探头在深度为L4时的坐标，x5,y5,z5为弹性波发射探头在深度为L5时的坐标，将计算结果v1,v2,v3，v4,v5,v6和n1,n2,n3，n4,n5,n6输出至方向余弦txt文件；where x i , y i , z i , i=1, 2, 3 are the coordinates of the ith elastic wave receiving probe, x 4 , y 4 , z 4 are the coordinates of the elastic wave transmitting probe at the depth L 4 , x 5 , y 5 , z 5 are the coordinates of the elastic wave transmitting probe when the depth is L 5 , the calculation results v 1 , v 2 , v 3 , v 4 , v 5 , v 6 and n 1 , n 2 , n 3 , n 4 , n 5 , n 6 are output to the direction cosine txt file;

H.计算岩体弹性波波速场，岩体弹性波波速场为张量[V]，H. Calculate the elastic wave velocity field of the rock mass. The elastic wave velocity field of the rock mass is a tensor [V],

Figure GDA0002394223560000066
Figure GDA0002394223560000066

建立岩体弹性波波速场模型：Establish a rock mass elastic wave velocity field model:

v＝n*[V]*nT v=n*[V]*n T

式中：n为波速传播方向的方向余弦，In the formula: n is the direction cosine of the wave speed propagation direction,

所述岩石具有各项异性的特征，a12＝a21,a13＝a31,a23＝a32，The rock has anisotropic characteristics, a 12 =a 21 , a 13 =a 31 , a 23 =a 32 ,

Figure GDA0002394223560000067
Figure GDA0002394223560000067

在岩体弹性波波速场模型中输入方向余弦txt文件得到Enter the direction cosine txt file in the rock mass elastic wave velocity field model to get

a11l1 2+a22m1 2+a33k1 2+2a21l1m1+2a31l1k1+2a32m1k1＝v1 a 11 l 1 2 +a 22 m 1 2 +a 33 k 1 2 +2a 21 l 1 m 1 +2a 31 l 1 k 1 +2a 32 m 1 k 1 =v 1

a11l2 2+a22m2 2+a33k2 2+2a21l2m2+2a31l2k2+2a32m2k2＝v2 a 11 l 2 2 +a 22 m 2 2 +a 33 k 2 2 +2a 21 l 2 m 2 +2a 31 l 2 k 2 +2a 32 m 2 k 2 =v 2

a11l3 2+a22m3 2+a33k3 2+2a21l3m3+2a31l3k3+2a32m3k3＝v3 a 11 l 3 2 +a 22 m 3 2 +a 33 k 3 2 +2a 21 l 3 m 3 +2a 31 l 3 k 3 +2a 32 m 3 k 3 =v 3

a11l4 2+a22m4 2+a33k4 2+2a21l4m4+2a31l4k4+2a32m4k4＝v4 a 11 l 4 2 +a 22 m 4 2 +a 33 k 4 2 +2a 21 l 4 m 4 +2a 31 l 4 k 4 +2a 32 m 4 k 4 =v 4

a11l5 2+a22m5 2+a33k5 2+2a21l5m5+2a31l5k5+2a32m5k5＝v5 a 11 l 5 2 +a 22 m 5 2 +a 33 k 5 2 +2a 21 l 5 m 5 +2a 31 l 5 k 5 +2a 32 m 5 k 5 =v 5

a11l6 2+a22m6 2+a33k6 2+2a21l6m6+2a31l6k6+2a32m6k6＝v6 a 11 l 6 2 +a 22 m 6 2 +a 33 k 6 2 +2a 21 l 6 m 6 +2a 31 l 6 k 6 +2a 32 m 6 k 6 =v 6

求解出a11,a22,a33,a21,a31,a32，得到[V]。Solve for a 11 , a 22 , a 33 , a 21 , a 31 , a 32 , and get [V].

进一步地，所述信号采集孔、信号发射孔与x、y、z轴的倾斜角余弦值采用以下方法获得：Further, the cosine values of the inclination angles of the signal acquisition hole, the signal emission hole and the x, y, and z axes are obtained by the following method:

K.使用全站仪测量出三个信号接收孔和一个信号发射孔的孔口中心在所述坐标系中的坐标cj＝(cjx，cjy，cjz)，j＝1,2,3,4，在信号接收孔、信号发射孔内放入直径匹配且长度为1m圆柱，所述圆柱露出一半长度于信号接收孔、信号发射孔外，使用全站仪测量出圆柱前端面中心坐标dj＝(djx，djy，djz)，j＝1,2,3,4,j表示孔口或园柱的序号；所述信号采集孔、信号发射孔与x、y、z轴的倾斜角余弦值为：K. Use the total station to measure the coordinates c j =(c jx , c jy , c jz ), j=1,2, 3,4, put a cylinder with a diameter matching and a length of 1m in the signal receiving hole and the signal transmitting hole, and half of the length of the cylinder is exposed outside the signal receiving hole and the signal transmitting hole. Use a total station to measure the center coordinates of the front face of the cylinder d j = (d jx , d jy , d jz ), j = 1, 2, 3, 4, j represents the serial number of the orifice or the cylinder; the signal acquisition hole, the signal emission hole and the x, y, z axes The cosine of the tilt angle is:

Figure GDA0002394223560000071
Figure GDA0002394223560000071

Figure GDA0002394223560000072
Figure GDA0002394223560000072

进一步地，所述获得弹性波接收探头和弹性波发射探头的坐标Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5的步骤包括，建立坐标求解函数：Further, the step of obtaining the coordinates Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , and Q 5 of the elastic wave receiving probe and the elastic wave transmitting probe includes: establishing a coordinate solving function:

Figure GDA0002394223560000073
Figure GDA0002394223560000073

Figure GDA0002394223560000074
Figure GDA0002394223560000074

Qg＝(xg，yg，zg)，j＝1,2,3,4；g＝1,2,3,4,5Q g = (x g , y g , z g ), j=1,2,3,4; g=1,2,3,4,5

输入信号采集孔、信号发射孔与x、y、z轴的倾斜角余弦值，及弹性波发射探头或弹性波接收探头的布置深度Lg，g表示弹性波接收探头和弹性波发射探头的序号，输出计算结果Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5至坐标txt文本文件。Input the cosine value of the inclination angle of the signal acquisition hole, the signal transmitting hole and the x, y, and z axes, and the arrangement depth L g of the elastic wave transmitting probe or the elastic wave receiving probe, g represents the serial number of the elastic wave receiving probe and the elastic wave transmitting probe , output the calculation results Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , Q 4 , Q 5 to the coordinate txt text file.

优选地，所述三棱柱空间位于临空壁面的端面为锐角三角形。Preferably, the end surface of the triangular prism space located on the adjacent wall surface is an acute triangle.

由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明改进了传统岩体弹性波测量方法只能获取沿孔孔轴线方向的一维波速的缺点，实现了对工程岩体弹性波波速场的三维快速测量，从而建立工程岩体的弹性波各向异性波速场，可获得工程岩体不同方向的弹性波波速。Due to the adoption of the above technical scheme, the present invention improves the defect that the traditional rock mass elastic wave measurement method can only obtain the one-dimensional wave velocity along the direction of the hole axis, and realizes the three-dimensional fast measurement of the elastic wave velocity field of the engineering rock mass, thereby establishing The elastic wave anisotropy wave velocity field of engineering rock mass can obtain the elastic wave velocity of engineering rock mass in different directions.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1为本发明的信号接收孔、信号发射孔、弹性波接收探头、弹性波发射探头的布置示意图；1 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of a signal receiving hole, a signal transmitting hole, an elastic wave receiving probe, and an elastic wave transmitting probe according to the present invention;

图2为本发明的坐标txt文本文件；Fig. 2 is the coordinate txt text file of the present invention;

图3为本发明的v1,v2,v3和n1,n2,n3方向余弦txt文件；Fig. 3 is the cosine txt file of v 1 , v 2 , v 3 and n 1 , n 2 , n 3 directions of the present invention;

图4为本发明的v4,v5,v6和n4,n5,n6方向余弦txt文件。FIG. 4 is a cosine txt file of v 4 , v 5 , v 6 and n 4 , n 5 , and n 6 directions of the present invention.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

下面结合图1、图2、图3、图4，对本发明利用弹性波测量获得工程原位岩体的各向异性波速场的测量方法做进一步的详细描述实施例1：Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, the present invention utilizes elastic wave measurement to obtain the measurement method of the anisotropic wave velocity field of engineering in-situ rock mass to do further detailed description Embodiment 1:

本发明利用弹性波测量获得工程原位岩体的各向异性波速场的测量方法包括以下步骤：The present invention utilizes elastic wave measurement to obtain the measurement method of the anisotropic wave velocity field of the engineering in-situ rock mass, comprising the following steps:

(1)在工程岩体的临空壁面9上钻取四个测试孔，以第一信号接收孔5孔口中心为局部坐标系原点，第一信号接收孔5孔口和第二信号接收孔6孔口连线方向为坐标轴X轴，垂直工程岩体的临空壁面9向内为坐标轴Z轴，根据左手法则，确定坐标轴Y轴方向向上。使用全站仪测量出第一信号接收孔5孔口中心坐标为(0,0,0)；第二信号接收孔6孔口中心坐标为(5,0,0)；第三信号接收孔7孔口中心坐标为(2.5,5,0)；信号发射孔8孔口中心坐标为(2.5,2.5,0)。将长度为1m，直径与信号接收孔、信号发射孔一样的圆柱放入信号接收孔、信号发射孔，圆柱露出一半长度于孔外，使用全站仪测量出四个圆柱前端面中心坐标，第一信号接收孔5内圆柱前端面中心坐标为(0,0,-0.5)；第二信号接收孔6内圆柱前端面中心坐标为(5,0,-0.5)；第三信号接收孔7内圆柱前端面中心坐标为(2.5,5,-0.5)；信号发射孔8内圆柱前端面中心坐标为(2.5,2.5,-0.5)。(1) Drill four test holes on the free wall 9 of the engineering rock mass, take the center of the orifice of the first signal receiving hole 5 as the origin of the local coordinate system, the orifice of the first signal receiving hole 5 and the second signal receiving hole 6 The connection direction of the orifice is the X-axis of the coordinate axis, and the inward direction of the free wall surface 9 of the vertical engineering rock mass is the Z-axis of the coordinate axis. According to the left-hand rule, the direction of the Y-axis of the coordinate axis is determined to be upward. Using the total station to measure the coordinates of the aperture center of the first signal receiving hole 5 is (0,0,0); the second signal receiving hole 6 orifice center coordinate is (5,0,0); the third signal receiving hole 7 The coordinates of the center of the orifice are (2.5, 5, 0); the coordinates of the center of the orifice of the signal emission hole 8 are (2.5, 2.5, 0). Put a cylinder with a length of 1m and the same diameter as the signal receiving hole and the signal transmitting hole into the signal receiving hole and the signal transmitting hole. Half of the cylinder is exposed outside the hole. Use a total station to measure the center coordinates of the front faces of the four cylinders. The center coordinate of the inner cylindrical front end face of the first signal receiving hole 5 is (0,0,-0.5); the center coordinate of the inner cylindrical front end face of the second signal receiving hole 6 is (5,0,-0.5); the third signal receiving hole 7 The coordinates of the center of the front end of the cylinder are (2.5, 5, -0.5); the coordinates of the center of the front end of the cylinder in the signal emission hole 8 are (2.5, 2.5, -0.5).

第一信号接收孔5、第二信号接收孔6、第三信号接收孔7间围合成的三棱柱空间，可不拘拟于本实施例，该三棱柱空间可以是直三棱空间、斜三棱空间，三棱锥台空间。The triangular prism space enclosed by the first signal receiving hole 5 , the second signal receiving hole 6 and the third signal receiving hole 7 may not be limited to this embodiment, and the triangular prism space may be a straight triangular space, an oblique triangular space Space, triangular pyramid space.

(2)将第一弹性波接收探头1布置在第一信号接收孔5内，距离孔口10m；将第二弹性波接收探头2布置在第二信号接收孔6内，距离孔口10m；将第三弹性波接收探头3布置在第三信号接收孔7内，距离孔口10m；将弹性波发射探头4布置在信号发射孔8内部，距离孔口12m。(2) Arrange the first elastic wave receiving probe 1 in the first signal receiving hole 5, 10m away from the orifice; arrange the second elastic wave receiving probe 2 in the second signal receiving hole 6, 10m away from the orifice; The third elastic wave receiving probe 3 is arranged in the third signal receiving hole 7, 10m away from the orifice; the elastic wave transmitting probe 4 is arranged inside the signal emitting hole 8, 12m away from the orifice.

(3)将第一弹性波接收探头1、第二弹性波接收探头2、第三弹性波接收探头3的数据线接入弹性波接收系统，弹性波发射探头4的数据线接入弹性波发射系统，两个系统同步时钟，然后弹性波发射探头4发射弹性波，第一弹性波接收探头1、第二弹性波接收探头2、第三弹性波接收探头3接收弹性波，通过弹性波接收系统分别自动记录第一弹性波接收探头1、第二弹性波接收探头2、第三弹性波接收探头3接收到的弹性波首次到达时刻，通过弹性波发射系统记录弹性波发射探头4发射弹性波时刻。(3) Connect the data lines of the first elastic wave receiving probe 1, the second elastic wave receiving probe 2, and the third elastic wave receiving probe 3 to the elastic wave receiving system, and connect the data lines of the elastic wave transmitting probe 4 to the elastic wave transmitter system, the two systems synchronize the clocks, and then the elastic wave transmitting probe 4 transmits elastic waves, the first elastic wave receiving probe 1, the second elastic wave receiving probe 2, and the third elastic wave receiving probe 3 receive the elastic waves, and pass through the elastic wave receiving system. Automatically record the first arrival time of the elastic wave received by the first elastic wave receiving probe 1, the second elastic wave receiving probe 2, and the third elastic wave receiving probe 3, respectively, and record the elastic wave emission time of the elastic wave transmitting probe 4 through the elastic wave transmitting system. .

(4)将弹性波发射探头4在信号发射孔8内部移动，使其距离孔口8m，重复步骤(3)。(4) Move the elastic wave emitting probe 4 inside the signal emitting hole 8 so that it is 8 m away from the hole, and repeat step (3).

(5)输入三个信号接收孔和一个信号发射孔的孔口中心在所述坐标系中的坐标cj＝(cjx，cjy，cjz)，j＝1,2,3,4，及圆柱前端面中心坐标，按程序计算弹性波接收探头和弹性波发射探头的坐标；(5) Input the coordinates c j =(c jx , c jy , c jz ) of the orifice centers of the three signal receiving holes and one signal transmitting hole in the coordinate system, j = 1, 2, 3, 4, and the center coordinates of the front face of the cylinder, and calculate the coordinates of the elastic wave receiving probe and the elastic wave transmitting probe according to the program;

Figure GDA0002394223560000101
Figure GDA0002394223560000101

Figure GDA0002394223560000102
Figure GDA0002394223560000102

(xg，yg，zg)＝(cjx，cjy，cjz)+Lg(cosθjx，cosθjy，cosθjz)(x g , y g , z g )=(c jx , c jy , c jz )+L g (cosθ jx , cosθ jy , cosθ jz )

Qg＝(xg，yg，zg)，j＝1,2,3,4；g＝1,2,3,4,5Q g = (x g , y g , z g ), j=1,2,3,4; g=1,2,3,4,5

式中：第一弹性波接收探头1、第二弹性波接收探头2、第三弹性波接收探头3坐标分别为Q1,Q2,Q3，弹性波发射探头4距离孔口距离为12m时坐标为Q4，弹性波发射探头4距离孔口距离为8m时坐标为Q5 In the formula: the coordinates of the first elastic wave receiving probe 1, the second elastic wave receiving probe 2, and the third elastic wave receiving probe 3 are Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 respectively, and the distance between the elastic wave transmitting probe 4 and the orifice is 12m The coordinate is Q 4 , and the coordinate is Q 5 when the distance between the elastic wave transmitting probe 4 and the orifice is 8m

计算结果输出至坐标txt文件，如图2所示The calculation results are output to the coordinate txt file, as shown in Figure 2

计算结果显示为：Q1＝(0,0,10),Q2＝(5,0,10),Q3＝(2.5,5,10),Q4＝(2.5,2.5,12),Q5＝(2.5,5,8)。The calculation results are shown as: Q 1 =(0,0,10),Q 2 =(5,0,10),Q 3 =(2.5,5,10),Q 4 =(2.5,2.5,12),Q 5 = (2.5, 5, 8).

(6)计算测量的波速和波速传播方向的方向余弦(6) Calculate the measured wave speed and the direction cosine of the wave speed propagation direction

当弹性波发射探头4处于Q4发射弹性波时间为0s，第一弹性波接收探头1接收到的弹性波首次到达时间为0.0007518s，第二弹性波接收探头2接收到的弹性波首次到达时间为0.0008629s，第三弹性波接收探头3接收到的弹性波首次到达时间为0.0009731s，按以下计算公式进行计算When the elastic wave transmitting probe 4 is in Q 4 , the elastic wave emission time is 0s, the first arrival time of the elastic wave received by the first elastic wave receiving probe 1 is 0.0007518s, and the first arrival time of the elastic wave received by the second elastic wave receiving probe 2 is 0.0008629s, and the first arrival time of the elastic wave received by the third elastic wave receiving probe 3 is 0.0009731s, which is calculated according to the following calculation formula

Figure GDA0002394223560000111
Figure GDA0002394223560000111

Figure GDA0002394223560000112
Figure GDA0002394223560000112

Figure GDA0002394223560000113
Figure GDA0002394223560000113

计算结果v1,v2,v3和n1,n2,n3输出至方向余弦txt文件，如图3所示The calculation results v 1 , v 2 , v 3 and n 1 , n 2 , n 3 are output to the direction cosine txt file, as shown in Figure 3

计算结果显示为v1＝5403m/s，v2＝4707m/s，v3＝3290m/s；The calculation results are shown as v 1 =5403m/s, v 2 =4707m/s, v 3 =3290m/s;

n1＝(-0.615457,-0.615457,-0.492366)，n2＝(0.615457,-0.615457,-0.492366)，n3＝(0，0.780869，-0.624695)。n 1 =(-0.615457, -0.615457, -0.492366), n 2 =(0.615457, -0.615457, -0.492366), n 3 =(0, 0.780869, -0.624695).

当弹性波发射探头4处于Q5发射弹性波时间为0s，第一弹性波接收探头1接收到的弹性波首次到达时间为0.0001093s，第二弹性波接收探头2接收到的弹性波首次到达时间为0.0009032s，第三弹性波接收探头3接收到的弹性波首次到达时间为0.0009301s，按以下计算公式进行计算When the elastic wave transmitting probe 4 is in Q 5 , the elastic wave emission time is 0s, the first arrival time of the elastic wave received by the first elastic wave receiving probe 1 is 0.0001093s, and the first arrival time of the elastic wave received by the second elastic wave receiving probe 2 is 0.0009032s, and the first arrival time of the elastic wave received by the third elastic wave receiving probe 3 is 0.0009301s, which is calculated according to the following calculation formula

Figure GDA0002394223560000114
Figure GDA0002394223560000114

Figure GDA0002394223560000115
Figure GDA0002394223560000115

Figure GDA0002394223560000116
Figure GDA0002394223560000116

将计算结果v4,v5,v6和n4,n5,n6输出至方向余弦txt文件，如图4所示计算结果显示为v4＝3716m/s，v5＝4497m/s，v6＝3442m/s。Output the calculation results v 4 , v 5 , v 6 and n 4 , n 5 , n 6 to the direction cosine txt file, as shown in Figure 4, the calculation results are displayed as v 4 =3716m/s, v 5 =4497m/s, v 6 =3442m/s.

n4＝(-0.615457,-0.615457,0.492366)，n5＝(0.615457,-0.615457,0.492366)，n6＝(0，0.780869，0.624695)。n 4 =(-0.615457, -0.615457, 0.492366), n 5 =(0.615457, -0.615457, 0.492366), n 6 =(0, 0.780869, 0.624695).

(7)计算岩体弹性波波速场，根据公式(7) Calculate the elastic wave velocity field of rock mass, according to the formula

v＝n*[V]*nT v=n*[V]*n T

建立岩体弹性波波速场模型，式中，

Figure GDA0002394223560000121
n为波速传播方向的方向余弦。Establish a rock mass elastic wave velocity field model, where,
Figure GDA0002394223560000121
n is the direction cosine of the wave speed propagation direction.

公式v＝n*[V]*nT，将公式两边同时进行转置可得vT＝n*[V]T*nT,而vT＝v，那么对于任意一组v，n，都有v＝n*[V]*nT＝n*[V]T*nT,则[V]＝[V]T，波速场[V]为对称矩阵，对称矩阵即以主对角线为对称轴，两边的元素相等，从而a12＝a21,a13＝a31,a23＝a32，波速场可以简化为Formula v=n*[V]*n T , transpose both sides of the formula at the same time to obtain v T =n*[V] T *n T , and v T =v, then for any set of v, n, both With v=n*[V]*n T =n*[V] T *n T , then [V]=[V] T , the wave velocity field [V] is a symmetric matrix, and the symmetric matrix takes the main diagonal as Symmetry axis, the elements on both sides are equal, so a 12 =a 21 ,a 13 =a 31 ,a 23 =a 32 , the wave velocity field can be simplified as

Figure GDA0002394223560000122
Figure GDA0002394223560000122

将v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6和n1,n2,n3,n4,n5,n6代入公式Substitute v 1 , v 2 , v 3 , v 4 , v 5 , v 6 and n 1 , n 2 , n 3 , n 4 , n 5 , n 6 into the formula

a11l1 2+a22m1 2+a33k1 2+2a21l1m1+2a31l1k1+2a32m1k1＝v1 a 11 l 1 2 +a 22 m 1 2 +a 33 k 1 2 +2a 21 l 1 m 1 +2a 31 l 1 k 1 +2a 32 m 1 k 1 =v 1

a11l2 2+a22m2 2+a33k2 2+2a21l2m2+2a31l2k2+2a32m2k2＝v2 a 11 l 2 2 +a 22 m 2 2 +a 33 k 2 2 +2a 21 l 2 m 2 +2a 31 l 2 k 2 +2a 32 m 2 k 2 =v 2

a11l3 2+a22m3 2+a33k3 2+2a21l3m3+2a31l3k3+2a32m3k3＝v3 a 11 l 3 2 +a 22 m 3 2 +a 33 k 3 2 +2a 21 l 3 m 3 +2a 31 l 3 k 3 +2a 32 m 3 k 3 =v 3

a11l4 2+a22m4 2+a33k4 2+2a21l4m4+2a31l4k4+2a32m4k4＝v4 a 11 l 4 2 +a 22 m 4 2 +a 33 k 4 2 +2a 21 l 4 m 4 +2a 31 l 4 k 4 +2a 32 m 4 k 4 =v 4

a11l5 2+a22m5 2+a33k5 2+2a21l5m5+2a31l5k5+2a32m5k5＝v5 a 11 l 5 2 +a 22 m 5 2 +a 33 k 5 2 +2a 21 l 5 m 5 +2a 31 l 5 k 5 +2a 32 m 5 k 5 =v 5

a11l6 2+a22m6 2+a33k6 2+2a21l6m6+2a31l6k6+2a32m6k6＝v6 a 11 l 6 2 +a 22 m 6 2 +a 33 k 6 2 +2a 21 l 6 m 6 +2a 31 l 6 k 6 +2a 32 m 6 k 6 =v 6

Claims (4)

1. An in-situ rock mass anisotropic wave velocity field measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. drilling three signal acquisition holes on the near-empty wall surface of an engineering rock mass to be measured, wherein the three signal acquisition holes are vertical to the near-empty wall surface or are distributed in a dispersion tendency in the rock mass, and then drilling signal emission holes in a triangular prism space enclosed among the three signal acquisition holes, and the signal emission holes are distributed in the triangular prism space and isolated from the signal acquisition holes;
B. taking an axis perpendicular to the wall surface of the adjacent hollow space as a z axis, establishing a coordinate system for the wall surface of the adjacent hollow space as an x-y plane, and measuring the cosine values of the inclination angles of the signal emission hole and the signal acquisition hole with the x axis, the y axis and the z axis; respectively arranging elastic wave receiving probes in the signal acquisition holes, and recording the arrangement depth of the elastic wave receiving probes, wherein the three elastic wave receiving probes form a signal receiving plane in a triangular prism space; arranging an elastic wave emission probe in the signal emission hole, and recording the arrangement depth L of the elastic wave emission probe4The signal receiving plane is positioned between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the engineering rock mass face wall surface;
C. the data lines of the three elastic wave receiving probes are connected into an elastic wave receiving system, the data lines of the elastic wave transmitting probes are connected into an elastic wave transmitting system, and the two systems synchronize clocks; the elastic wave transmitting probe transmits elastic waves, the three elastic wave receiving probes receive the elastic waves, and the elastic wave receiving system automatically records the first arrival time t of the elastic waves received by the three elastic wave receiving probes respectively1,t2,t3The elastic wave transmitting system records the time t when the elastic wave transmitting probe transmits the elastic wavea；
D. Then changing the arrangement depth of the elastic wave transmitting probe to L5The elastic wave transmitting probe is positioned between the signal receiving plane and the near-empty wall surface of the engineering rock mass;
E. the elastic wave transmitting probes transmit elastic waves, and the first arrival time of the elastic waves received by the three elastic wave receiving probes is respectively and automatically recorded as t by the elastic wave receiving system4,t5,t6The elastic wave transmitting system records the moment t of the elastic wave transmitting probe transmitting the elastic waveb；
F. After performing step B and step DCalculating the coordinates of the elastic wave receiving probe and outputting the coordinates Q of the elastic wave receiving probe and the elastic wave transmitting probe according to the inclination angles of the signal transmitting hole and the signal collecting hole with the x, y and z axes and the arrangement depths of the elastic wave receiving probe and the elastic wave transmitting probe1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5To coordinate txt text file, where Q1,Q2,Q3As coordinate Q of an elastic wave receiving probe1＝(x1,y1,z1),Q2＝(x2,y2,z2),Q3＝(x3,y3,z3)，Q4For transmitting elastic waves with probe at depth L4Coordinate of time Q4＝(x4,y4,z4)，Q5The depth of the elastic wave transmitting probe is L5Coordinate of time Q5＝(x5,y5,z5)；
G. Calculating the measured wave velocity and the direction cosine of the propagation direction of the wave velocity
When the elastic wave transmitting probe is at the coordinate Q4At the time of position, input ta,t1,t2,t3And a text file of coordinates txt, calculating the wave velocity v between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the three elastic wave receiving probes1,v2,v3According to the distance d between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the three elastic wave receiving probes4-iCalculating v1,v2,v3Direction cosine n of the propagation direction1,n2,n3，n1＝(l1,m1,k1)，n2＝(l2,m2,k2)，n3＝(l3,m3,k3)；
When the elastic wave transmitting probe is at the coordinate Q5At the time of position, input tb,t1,t2,t3And a text file of coordinates txt, calculating the wave velocity v between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the three elastic wave receiving probes4,v5,v6According to the distance d between the elastic wave transmitting probe and the three elastic wave receiving probes5-iCalculating v4,v5,v6Direction cosine n of the propagation direction4,n5,n6，n4＝(l4,m4,k4)，n5＝(l5,m5,k5)，n6＝(l6,m6,k6)；
Program calculation is carried out according to the following calculation formula
Figure FDA0002583150150000031
Figure FDA0002583150150000032
Figure FDA0002583150150000033
Figure FDA0002583150150000034
Figure FDA0002583150150000035
Figure FDA0002583150150000036
Figure FDA0002583150150000037
Figure FDA0002583150150000038
Figure FDA0002583150150000039
Figure FDA00025831501500000310
Figure FDA00025831501500000311
Figure FDA00025831501500000312
Figure FDA00025831501500000313
Figure FDA00025831501500000314
Figure FDA00025831501500000315
Figure FDA00025831501500000316
Figure FDA00025831501500000317
Wherein xi,yi,ziWhere i is 1,2, and 3 are coordinates of the ith elastic wave receiving probe, and x4,y4,z4For transmitting elastic waves with probe at depth L4Coordinate of time, x5,y5,z5For transmitting elastic waves with probe at depth L5Coordinates of time, will calculate the result v1,v2,v3，v4,v5,v6And n1,n2,n3，n4,n5,n6Outputting to a direction cosine txt file;
H. calculating the wave velocity field of the elastic wave of the rock mass, wherein the wave velocity field of the elastic wave of the rock mass is tensor [ V ],
Figure FDA0002583150150000041
establishing a rock mass elastic wave velocity field model:
v＝n*[V]*nT
in the formula: n is the direction cosine of the direction of propagation of the wave velocity,
the rock mass has the characteristic of anisotropy a12＝a21,a13＝a31,a23＝a32，
Figure FDA0002583150150000042
Inputting a direction cosine txt file in a rock elastic wave velocity field model to obtain
a11l1 2+a22m1 2+a33k1 2+2a21l1m1+2a31l1k1+2a32m1k1＝v1
a11l2 2+a22m2 2+a33k2 2+2a21l2m2+2a31l2k2+2a32m2k2＝v2
a11l3 2+a22m3 2+a33k3 2+2a21l3m3+2a31l3k3+2a32m3k3＝v3
a11l4 2+a22m4 2+a33k4 2+2a21l4m4+2a31l4k4+2a32m4k4＝v4
a11l5 2+a22m5 2+a33k5 2+2a21l5m5+2a31l5k5+2a32m5k5＝v5
a11l6 2+a22m6 2+a33k6 2+2a21l6m6+2a31l6k6+2a32m6k6＝v6
Solve to a11,a22,a33,a21,a31,a32To obtain [ V ]]。
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the cosine values of the tilt angles of the signal acquisition holes and the signal emission holes with respect to the x, y and z axes are obtained by:
K. measuring the coordinates c of the centers of the three signal receiving holes and the signal transmitting hole in the coordinate system by using a total stationj＝(cjx，cjy，cjz) And j is 1,2,3 and 4, a cylinder with the diameter matched with that of the signal receiving hole and the signal transmitting hole and the length of 1m is placed in the signal receiving hole and the signal transmitting hole, half of the cylinder is exposed out of the signal receiving hole and the signal transmitting hole, and a total station is used for measuring the center coordinate d of the front end surface of the cylinderj＝(djx，djy，djz) J-1, 2,3,4, j represents the serial number of the orifice or cylinder; the cosine values of the inclination angles of the signal acquisition holes and the signal emission holes and the x, y and z axes are as follows:
Figure FDA0002583150150000051
Figure FDA0002583150150000052
3. the method of claim 1In step F, outputting coordinates Q of the elastic wave receiving probe and the elastic wave transmitting probe1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5Before the text file of the coordinates txt, the method comprises the steps of establishing a coordinate solving function:
Figure FDA0002583150150000053
Figure FDA0002583150150000054
Qg＝(xg，yg，zg)，j＝1,2,3,4；g＝1,2,3,4,5
the cosine values of the inclination angles of the input signal acquisition hole and the signal emission hole with the x, y and z axes, and the arrangement depth L of the elastic wave emission probe or the elastic wave receiving probegG represents the serial numbers of the elastic wave receiving probe and the elastic wave transmitting probe, and outputs the calculation result Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4,Q5To the coordinate txt text file.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the end surface of the triangular prism space located adjacent to the hollow wall surface is an acute triangle.
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