CN110325733A - The method for generating electric power, cooling capacity and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation drive system - Google Patents

Abstract

It include making dry channel of the atmosphere air-flow by pipeline using the method that atmospheric evaporation drive system generates electric power, wherein the air-flow is pre-chilled by contact surface dried side and evaporating liquid soaks the wet channel of pipeline.Air-flow is reintroduced to generate electric power by turbine from dry channel to wet channel, and directly contacts as control air with evaporation liquid.Control air is carried out the moisture wetting of spontaneous evaporation liquid.The advance that indirect heat exchange increases in wet channel from low altitude area to High aititude rises the temperature and water capacity of control air in flowing.Then, it heats and moist control air is discharged into atmosphere.Control air and/or evaporation liquid are before the wet channel for entering pipeline or by passing through heat by solar radiation during the wet channel of pipeline.

Description

Method for generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system

technical field

The present invention relates generally to atmospheric and solar thermal (wind) energy conversion, and in particular to methods for generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation drive systems to generate downdrafts in dry aisles and updrafts in wet aisles. Turbines are located at low elevations within the drying tunnel and turbine generators to convert the energy of the moving air into useful types of electricity, cooling and distilled water. Additionally, the efficiency of these systems can be increased by using solar radiation and/or exhaust flue gas heat, among other forms of heat.

Background technique

The atmosphere is made up of air, which in turn is made up of tiny particles of different gases like nitrogen, hydrogen and oxygen. The sun shines on our atmosphere all the time. However, it heats the Earth's surface unevenly, so the atmosphere is warm in some places and cold in others. As the air warms, its particles disperse. This makes the air lighter or less dense, so it rises. As the air cools, it becomes heavier, or denser, and sinks. As warm air rises, air from cooler areas flows in to replace the heated air. This process is called convection and causes air to move. The differential heating of the Earth's surface and the resulting convection are responsible for the planet's winds, which are crucial for determining the conditions for life on land and for clean, cheap energy for humans. Wind energy is a clean and renewable source of electricity and the fastest growing energy source in the world. The winds are caused by the differential heating of the Earth's surface by the sun. Wind is an indirect form of solar energy and is therefore "renewable", i.e. the sun is always replenishing it. But wind energy has serious drawbacks. Wind speeds in any area are variable, so wind is an intermittent source of electricity. During periods of calm winds, wind turbines cannot generate any electricity. Electricity demand varies with time of day and day of week, so every grid generates excess capacity. When the wind is blowing, electricity from wind turbines can be used to replace thermal power plants, but when there is no wind, other sources of electricity must make up the difference. Therefore, wind turbines cannot operate 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. In a typical wind farm, the wind turbines run 65-80% of the time, but often at less than full capacity because wind speeds are not at optimal levels. Therefore, its capacity factor is 30-35%. Economics also play a large role in the capacity of wind turbines. It is possible to build wind machines with higher capacity factors, but it is not economical to do so. Some researchers have proposed the use of atmospheric evaporation driven systems to create "artificial wind" energy systems without the aforementioned drawbacks. It is well known that hot, dry air will descend at an enhanced velocity when cooled by spraying water. This phenomenon occurs occasionally in nature and has been known and documented for a long time. Many inventors have attempted to use the direct application of natural forces to harness renewable energy in the atmosphere, as the evaporation of water generates strong winds through vertical pipes and can be used to drive turbines to generate electricity and fresh water in areas where electricity and fresh water are needed.

All existing patents and technologies are used within the vertical ducts, using the traditional adiabatic evaporative cooling process, which achieves the generation of cool and humid air that can be cooled (ideally) to wet bulb temperature. Of course, this cool, moist air has a greater density than the warm and dry air outside, so it tends to fall toward the ground. But this difference in density is too small and the pressure drop across the turbine (the pressure difference between the inlet and outlet of the turbine) is also very small.

The main driver of the electricity generated by the atmospheric evaporation drive system is the extra pressure of the air that is directed to the turbine compared to the lesser amount of external air pressure coming out of the outlet of the turbine.

The present invention can be implemented by means of a Mai sotsenko cycle combined with a dew point evaporative cooler. These units for dew point evaporative coolers are manufactured by Coolerado Inc. (Denver), and they are commercially available under the trademark "Coolerado Air Conditioner". The present invention provides an economical and environmentally safe method for use with towers via the Maisotsenko cycle (" Tower (Exergy Tower)") synergistically generates electricity, cooling and distilled water.

The invention offers the possibility of significantly increasing the pressure of the air directed to the turbine and reducing the pressure of the air flowing out of the outlet of the turbine. In other words, the present invention offers the possibility to significantly increase the pressure difference (or density difference) by generating cold and dry air in the dry channel and warmer and humid air in the wet channel, where the temperature of this cold and dry air can be Ideally cooled to dew point temperature. For this purpose, the invention uses a duct with two separate dry and wet channels for the two air flows, for example, the structural equivalent of two vertical concentric cylinders (rings), and always between them There is a heat exchange mechanism. As the pressure drop across the turbine increases, it thus increases the deliverable power available through evaporative cooling.

Atmospheric evaporation driven systems proposed herein besides implementing the disclosed method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water, they are also cheaper, smaller and easier to produce for different power capacities and to place in different places.

Therefore, all existing systems are not efficient because the density of the downdraft air is low and the pressure drop in the turbine is also small.

One embodiment of the present invention is to maximize the net deliverable power available through a special regenerative evaporative cooling process that uses heat concurrently with solar radiation, flue gas or other heat sources.

Another embodiment of the present invention is to obtain cold as well as distilled water for the consumer in a way that is more cost effective than all existing methods. Another embodiment of the present invention is to create a new type of natural convection cooling tower that not only generates cold water (ideally cooling the temperature to the dew point temperature instead of the wet bulb temperature of traditional cooling towers), but also provides electricity at the same time.

High temperature water helps increase the efficiency of atmospheric evaporation driven systems, not only generating cold water (ideally cooled to a dew point temperature rather than the wet bulb temperature of a traditional cooling tower), but also powering it at the same time. Moreover, it can significantly reduce the power consumption and noise of the proposed natural convection cooling tower, which does not require fans compared to conventional cooling towers that require fans.

Yet another embodiment of the invention is to use a small amount of material for the structure of the riser channel in order to obtain a feasible cost efficiency of the conversion system.

Contents of the invention

The present invention discloses a method for generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using atmospheric and solar thermal energy conversion systems (" Tower"), using the atmospheric evaporation drive system to generate downdraft in the dry channel, and generate updraft in the wet channel. These two channels are connected at the bottom of the pipeline, and a turbine generator is installed at the bottom of the pipeline, and the turbine generator is used are used to convert the energy of moving air into useful types of electricity, cooling and distilled water. Additionally, the efficiency of these systems can be increased by using solar radiation and/or heat from exhaust flue gases, among other forms of heat.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a perspective view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electrical power, which is the structural equivalent of two vertical concentric cylinders (rings), according to one embodiment of the present invention.

2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electrical power, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 2a is the same as Figure 2, but, according to one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity comprises separate turbines 4 for external air 7 and working air 8.

3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for simultaneous generation of electricity and cool air, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for simultaneously generating electricity and chilled water, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to one embodiment of the present invention, which uses heat from exhaust flue gas to simultaneously generate electricity and/or cooling.

6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system with a pressurized expandable riser according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 6a is the same as Figure 6, but the atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity comprises a surface 15 inside a wetted channel 3, which according to one embodiment of the invention is evaporated from a low boiling liquid 5 (such as ammonia or water- ammonia mixture) instead of water for wetting.

7 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

8 is a top view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for simultaneous generation of electricity and distilled water, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is the same as Fig. 4, however, according to one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system for the simultaneous generation of electricity and cold water comprises an expansion assembly of a plurality of drying channels 2 and wetting channels 3 which are located in one pipe 1 .

Figure 10 is the same as Figure 9, but according to one embodiment of the present invention the atmospheric evaporation drive system also includes a water jacket 41 for heating water by solar radiation.

Figure 11 is the same as Figure 7, but according to one embodiment of the present invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system for simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water includes a plurality of drying channels 2, wet channels 3 and expansion assemblies The solar radiation heats the water jacket 41 of the saline solution.

Figure 12 is the same as Figure 10, but according to one embodiment of the present invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system includes a separate solar water heater 45 instead of the water jacket 41 for heating the water 5 by solar radiation.

Figure 13 is the same as Figure 2, but according to one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system also includes an absorbing coating of the drying channel 2, such as lime water 46, which draws carbon dioxide (or liquid desiccant such as liquid desiccant 46) from the outside air 7 46, which extracts water vapor from the outside air 7).

Figure 14 is the same as Figure 2, but according to one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system also includes an absorbent coating of the exhaust passage 30, such as lime water 46, which is drawn from the exhaust flue gas 31 carbon dioxide.

Figure 15 is the same as Figure 13, but according to one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system also includes a solar generator 47 for recovering the weak absorbent 46 after it passes through the drying tunnel 2.

Figure 16 is an atmospheric evaporation driven system for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 17 is the same as Figure 16, but according to one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric evaporation driven system for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings includes a solar generator 47 for passing a weak liquid desiccant 46 through the drying channel 2 to recycle it afterwards.

Figure 18 is a perspective view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity according to an embodiment of the invention, using a special horizontal turbine 55 which also simultaneously achieves heat transfer between the outside air 7 and the working air 8 and quality exchange process.

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a horizontal turbine 55 comprising a disk divided by axial slots 59 into a series of blades. The turbine 55 simultaneously realizes the heat and mass exchange process between the external air 7 and the working air 8 . Here: according to one embodiment of the present invention, 56 is the recycled material, 57 is the inlet sector of the recycled material 56, 58 is the exhaust sector of the recycled material 56, 60 is the wetted sector of the recycled material 56, 61 is the injector , 5 are water.

Figure 20 is the same as Figures 18 and 19, but the atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity comprises a short drying channel 2 according to one embodiment of the invention.

Figure 21 is the same as Figure 20, but according to one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity comprises the turbine 4 and the rotary regenerative heat-mass exchanger 62 as two separate devices.

Fig. 22 is the same as Fig. 20, but according to one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity comprises a vertical turbine 55, wherein a liquid tank 65 is used to wet the humidified sector 60 with water 5, the vertical turbine 55 The rotor is submerged in a liquid tank 65 .

Figure 23 is a view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electrical power comprising the turbine 4 and the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 as two separate devices, according to one embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 23a is the same as Figure 23, but according to one embodiment of the invention, the atmospheric evaporation drive system used to generate electricity also produces distilled water for consumers, and it contains an additional condenser 100 for this purpose.

24 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for simultaneous generation of electricity and distilled water 37 with vacuum channel 73 supplemented with brine 5 adjacent and connected to condensation channel 74 . Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the invention, both channels 73 and 74 are placed between the drying channel 2 and the wetting channel 3 .

Figure 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for simultaneous generation of electricity, cooling and distilled water, inserted underground. According to one embodiment of the invention, the system is also a thermoelectric generator, which utilizes geothermal or/and soil heat sources to generate additional electricity, and which uses air in the earth's atmosphere as a working fluid.

Figure 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electrical power from water directly from clouds.

Figure 27 illustrates the disclosed atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity according to one embodiment of the present invention (" Tower") and known air line diagrams of the Energy Tower and Solar Tower processes.

Detailed ways

The system shown in Figures 1 and 2 comprises: a duct 1, e.g., two vertical concentric cylinders 15 and 17 or the structural equivalent of a vertical ring, in which are placed a drying channel 2 (circular) and an external wetting channel 3 (ring shape). Furthermore, the drying channel 2 and the wetting channel 3 can be created by a flat plate 15 placed inside the pipe 1 (instead of two vertical concentric cylinders 15 and 17 ). However, there must always be a mechanism of heat exchange through the surfaces of these plates 15 (or the surfaces of the cylinders 15 and 17 ) between the wet channels 3 and the dry channels 2 between which the air flow passes. The inlet 11 (see FIG. 2 ) of the drying channel 2 is connected to the atmosphere, the outlet 12 is connected to the turbine 4 , and the outlet of the turbine 4 is connected to the inlet 13 of the moistening channel 3 . The outlet 14 of the humid channel 3 is connected to the atmosphere. The surface 15 inside the wet channel 3 is wetted with an evaporative liquid 5, such as water or a saline solution, which moves as a liquid moving film 16 along the surface 15 from top to bottom. Turbine 4 and generator 6 are positioned at low altitude inside drying tunnel 2 . The outer surface 17 of the wetted channel 3 is heated by solar radiation (and other forms of heat). In this case, it is reasonable to cover the outer surface 17 with a black coating or to use a material 10 that absorbs heat well from solar radiation.

The operation of the system for generating electricity is shown in FIG. 2 and its working principle is as follows: External air 7 is provided at the inlet 11 of the drying tunnel 2 . This air 7 flows through the drying channel 2 which is in heat transfer contact with the moistening channel 3 through which the working air 8 passes. Thus, the wetting channel 3 is arranged in thermal transfer contact with the drying channel 2 via the surface 15 , which delimits the corresponding drying channel 2 . Wetting the opposite side of the surface 15 on a part of the channel 3 is wetted with a moving thin film of an evaporative liquid 16, such as water or a saline solution, by using other available methods. Surface 15 may be made of wicking, plastic, metal, desiccant, etc. materials or combinations of these materials. It should be understood that the term surface is used, but any structure that performs the function of separating the drying channel 2 from the wet channel 3 or separating the working air 8 from the drying channel 2 is suitable. The outside air 7 passing through the drying tunnel 2 will be cooled to a temperature close to its dew point without changing its moisture content. Then, because the cold air is heavier, the cold air 7 descends from the high altitude to the low altitude through the drying channel 2 . The density of the cold air 7 rises and sinks, forming an inverse chimney effect. Cool outside air 7 flows at high velocity in dry channel 2 , powers turbine 4 , and escapes as working air 8 to wet channel 3 , which is connected to generator 6 .

Since the temperature of the cold outside air 7 is always lower than the temperature of the atmosphere after first passing through the drying channel 2 and then the turbine 4 , it contains a cooling capacity qo. This cooling capacity qo may be beneficial for use as a cooling source for consumers. For example, it is reasonable to use this cold outside air 7 in indirect contact with the air of the customer's air conditioning system to cool this air without consuming energy. Thus, the invention can generate not only electricity (electricity), but also a by-product of cooling capacity qo, for example, for air conditioning systems.

The outside air 7 is heated after indirect contact with the air, eg, of an air conditioning system for consumers.

Thereafter (see FIG. 2 ), this heated air as working air 8 is directed to the humid channel 3, where it will ascend from low altitude to high altitude through the moist channel 3. It is in contact with a wet surface 15, such as a wicking plastic or capillary porous material wetted with an evaporating liquid 16, such as water or a saline solution. When the working air 8 passes along the humidified channel 3, it is heated, humidified and its density becomes lower than that of the outside air. Thus, the heated and humidified working air 8 is lighter and will rise inside the humidified channel 3 creating a chimney effect. In the wet tunnel 3 the latent heat of evaporation is removed, which leads to cooling of the working air 8 on the wet surface 15 and finally precooling of the external air 7 in the dry tunnel 2 due to heat transfer through the surface 15 . If the outside air 7 is taken directly from the atmosphere and first passes through the drying channel 2 via the turbine 4, when it is used as working air 8, it passes through the wet channel 3 and contacts the evaporative liquid moving the film 16 which cools to close to the dew point temperature of the outside air . In doing so, the outside air 7 inside the drying channel 2 can ideally be cooled to the dew point temperature by evaporation in the wet channel 3 which picks up latent heat from the surface 15 between the drying channel 2 and the wet channel 3 . In fact, this temperature will still be higher due to the resistance of the surface 15 .

In order to increase the cooling potential (and greatly increase the density of the outside air 7 in the dry channel 2 and at the same time reduce the density of the working air 8 in the humid channel 3), the working air 8 can be passed through methods such as solar radiation (and other forms of heat) It is heated during its passage from low altitude to high altitude through the moist tunnel 3 in which the working air 8 comes into contact with the moist surface 15 . Increasing the temperature of the working air 8 increases the latent heat capacity and thus the efficiency of the evaporative cooling process in the humidified channel 3 . This is due to the fact that latent heat has a greater effect on enthalpy than sensible heat and has a greater effect with increasing temperature. Additionally, increasing the temperature of the working air 8 can increase its absolute humidity and thus decrease its density. In this case, the flow velocity of the working air 8 is increased in the humidified channel 3, thus increasing the deliverable power obtainable by evaporative cooling.

Using solar radiation for the heating process of the working air 8, it is advantageous to cover the outer surface 17 of the wetted channel 3 by a black coating or with a material 10 which absorbs the heat from the solar radiation well (see FIG. 2 ).

It is effective to generate a lower pressure for the working air 8 in the humidified channel 3 . This yields the double advantage of increasing the evaporation rate and increasing the heat transfer rate in the dry channel 2 where there is a lower rate of heat transfer between the outside air 7 and the surface 15 compared to the wet channel 3 . A lower pressure in the wet channel 3 means a lower dew point temperature of the working air 8, thus, it increases the density of the outside air 7 in the dry channel 2 and its power production rate. This is why it is reasonable to use atmospheric evaporation driven systems (eg vertical loop systems, ie "pipe-in-pipe" pipes 1 ) with the greatest possible height. Thus, a higher altitude produces a lower external air pressure and a lower pressure in the wetted channel 3; it reduces the air pressure inside the outlet of the turbine (or the inlet 13 of the wetted channel 3). This also significantly increases the pressure drop across the turbine 4 and thus increases the deliverable power obtainable by the atmospheric evaporation drive system proposed herein.

FIG. 2 a is the same as FIG. 2 , but this electric-generated atmospheric evaporation drive system includes separate turbines 4 for external air 7 and working air 8 . Sometimes it is justified to use a separate turbine 4 for the working air 8 when the main driving force inside the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 is rather high. It depends on the parameters of the outside air (temperature and humidity), which generates an additional pressure of the air, which is directed to the turbine 4 .

The atmospheric evaporation drive system described (see Figures 1, 2 and 2a) can be used to generate electricity both day and night. Maximum power production occurs during the day when the system can use solar radiation to increase the temperature of the working air 8 in the humidified channel 3 . In this case, the entire cold and dry external air 7 after passing through the drying channel 2 is guided through the turbine 4 and it escapes as working air 8 to the moistening channel 3 . At night (see FIG. 3 ), when there is no solar radiation, cold and dry outside air 7 after passing through the drying channel 2 is guided through the turbine 4 and it escapes to the humidifying channel 3 as working air 8 . But a portion of this cool dry air 18 is extracted and used as a heat sink for the consumer. Of course, in this case the power production rate is reduced (because less working air 8 passes through the humidified channels 3), but at the same time, at night, the system generates power and cooling. But this makes sense to the consumer because usually at night, energy consumption is less than during the day. Adjusting the ratio of the flows 8 and 18 of cool dry outside air 7 (see Fig. 3) makes it easy to adjust the simultaneous generation of electricity and cooling.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system generating both electricity and cold water 16 . The system is similar to FIG. 2 , where after passing through the drying tunnel 2 , the entire cold and dry outside air 7 is directed through the turbine 4 and it escapes to the moistening tunnel 3 as working air 8 . In this case, however, there is an excess of evaporating liquid 16 , such as water or saline solution, which flows down the surface 15 inside the wetted channel 3 . After passing from top to bottom within the wet tunnel 3, the temperature of this excess water 16 can ideally be cooled to the dew point temperature of the outside air. This cold water 16 from the bottom is directed to consumers as a cooling source. In the case of using seawater or brackish water, when the seawater desalination system is connected to seawater or brackish water 16, a synergistic combination of technologies of the seawater desalination system is added after passing through the wet channel 3, and thereafter the desalinated water as a cooling source is used by consumers. In this case, desalination systems use methods such as reverse osmosis. It should be noted that this system (see Fig. 4) does not require heat eg from solar radiation, since the temperature of the water passing in the humidified channel 3 is usually higher than that of the outside atmospheric air. This happens because the water removes heat from the power and/or cooling system before the hot water is directed to the atmospheric evaporation drive system (cooling tower) for cooling. Thus, using the invention presented herein, it is possible to recover heat that is uselessly rejected to the atmosphere in conventional cooling towers.

In applications where the atmospheric evaporation drive system is used to generate electricity only (see Figures 1 and 2) or to generate both electricity and cool air (see Figure 3), if excess water 16 is not used, the water flow will be exactly equal to the The maximum evaporation that occurs during the phase. Wicking to the entire extent of the inner surface 15 of the wetted channel 3 would be ideal. When using brackish water or sea water, it is advantageous to use a 10-25% excess of water 16 to reduce precipitation of solutes.

Using the atmospheric evaporation driven system proposed in this paper, it is economical to use the heat of the exhaust flue gas to generate electricity, cooling and distilled water. To this end, it is necessary to make some constructive changes in the design of traditional chimneys. In this case, if the absolute humidity of the exhaust flue gas is less than or equal to the absolute humidity of the outside air, the atmospheric evaporation drive system proposed in this paper can be used to generate electricity (see Figures 1 and 2), or simultaneously generate electricity and cold air (see Figure 3), or both electricity and cold water (see Figure 4), without any changes. To this end, the hot exhaust flue gas is led into the humidification channel 3 in direct contact with the working air 8 , increasing the temperature and humidity (decreasing the density) of the working air 8 during its passage through the humidification channel 3 .

If the absolute humidity of the exhaust flue gas 31 is greater than the absolute humidity of the outside air 7, an indirect contact between the exhaust flue gas 31 and the working air 8 must be achieved during the passage of the working air 8 through the humidified channel 3 (see Fig. 5) . For this purpose (see FIG. 5 ), we added a third vertical concentric cylinder 32 to the humidification channel 3 of the here proposed atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 having two vertical concentric cylinders 15 and 17 . It offers the possibility to form new exhaust ducts 30 with known dry ducts 2 and wet ducts 3, in which hot exhaust flue gases 31 are guided through the surface of a concentric cylinder 32 in indirect contact with the working air 8, during the working The temperature and humidity of the working air 8 are increased (decreased density) during the passage of the air 8 through the humidified channel 3 . Furthermore, when the drying channel 2 and the wetting channel 3 are created by placing a plate 15 inside the pipe 1 , a plate 32 can be used instead of the third vertical concentric cylinder 32 . However, there must always be a mechanism of heat exchange through the surfaces of these plates 15 and 32 (or the surfaces of cylinders 15, 17 and 32) between the drying channels 2, the wet channels 3 and the exhaust channels 30 through which the gas flow passes.

It is worth noting that natural convection cooling towers are also atmospheric evaporation driven systems. Today, they are widely used, especially for large heat loads. Natural convection cooling towers use the principle of convective flow to provide air circulation. No fan is required. As the air inside the tower is heated by the hot water, it rises through the tower. The process draws in more air, creating a natural airflow to provide evaporative cooling after hot water rejects heat from the power and/or cooling system. The tower shell is usually constructed of reinforced concrete and can be as high as 200 meters. These natural cooling towers are very inefficient, their product is just cold water where the temperature can be cooled to wet bulb temperature under ideal conditions. Using the present invention, it is possible to create advanced natural convection cooling towers that can generate cold water (the temperature of which can ideally be cooled to the dew point temperature) and provide power at the same time. For this purpose, vertical drying channels 2 and wetting channels 3 must be organized inside the tower shell (pipes), which are connected at the bottom and placed by the turbine 4 (see Figure 4). In addition, these advanced natural convection cooling towers have larger capacity because they achieve a more efficient natural convection evaporative cooling process using the atmospheric evaporation drive system proposed in this paper (see Figure 4). Accordingly, the present invention discloses a new method of generating electricity and cold water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as a cooling tower. It can create an absolutely new type of advanced cooling tower. With these advanced cooling towers, more cold water (dew point temperature compared to wet bulb temperature) and electricity can be obtained at the same time. Furthermore, in many cases (eg, for dry and hot climate regions), natural convection cooling towers can be used instead of fan cooling towers. It can significantly reduce the power consumption required for the fan to work.

The atmospheric evaporation drive system presented herein can be made of reinforced concrete, steel, aluminum, composite materials, or other materials known in the art. The choice of material depends on the altitude of the atmospheric evaporation drive system. Similarly, the space frame can have different geometries and materials for the dry channel 2 and the wet channel 3 . However, it is worth noting that modern techniques (eg, RUPP Industries, Inc.) are now creating new plastic films that they are successfully using for piping in heating, cooling and ventilation applications. These pipes are cheap, durable, lightweight, expandable, and made of flame-retardant special plastic material. It is reasonable to use these pipes for the atmospheric evaporation driven systems proposed in this paper, especially for the low altitude of these systems.

The atmospheric evaporation driven system presented herein, which implements the disclosed methods of generating electricity, cooling, and distilled water, provides the ability to use inexpensive and pressurized expandable risers rather than expensive, very large heights and cross-sectional areas. The only possibility for existing atmospheric thermal energy conversion systems. The conventional materials required for such a gigantic system are so large that they are cost-prohibitive due to the low-cost efficiency of previously proposed conversion systems.

The present invention offers the possibility of using only a small amount of material for the riser structure in order to obtain a viable cost efficiency of the atmospheric evaporation drive system. Furthermore, it is possible to construct a means for holding and supporting the structure of the ascending annular pipe 1 for the drying channel 2 and the wetting channel 3 while using only a small amount of material for the structure. In this case, this material (for example a plastic film) of the outer surface 17 of the wet channel 3 is easily covered by a black coating or by using a substance 10 which absorbs heat well from solar radiation.

The atmospheric evaporation drive system proposed here uses two structurally connected concentric cylinders 15 and 17 as the ascending annular pipe 1 for the drying channel 2 and the wetting channel 3 (see FIG. 1 ). It produces superior Structural Performance to Weight under static and dynamic conditions compared to a single cylinder. The two concentric cylinders 15 and 17 provide a stronger structural base, which increases the structural height of the channels 2 and 3 and resists various deformation modes. Under prevailing external winds with a substantially horizontal component, the cylindrical structure tends to deform into an elliptical shape. Wind can also cause the cylindrical structure to buckle and deform under torsional bending. However, for the dry channel 2 and the wet channel 3, two structurally connected concentric cylinders 15 and 17 as a rising annular tube 1, for the same material weight, resist elliptical deformation, buckling, torsional bending better than a single cylinder and other deformation modes. This is especially important for atmospheric evaporation driven systems with pressurized expandable risers 1 for the dry 2 and wet 3 channels.

Structurally connected thin-walled expandable ascending annular duct 1 (see Figure 6) is pressurized from the inside of the humidified channel 3 because the density of the heated and humidified working air 8 in the humidified channel 3 is lower than that of the outside air at the same height . The low density of the working air 8 in the wetted channel 3 results in a high pressure in the wetted channel 3 relative to the external pressure of the outer surface 17 of the wetted channel 3, thereby expanding inside the wetted channel 3 and supporting a thin-walled, inflatable rising ring Tube 1. Structurally connected thin-walled expandable ascending annular pipe 1 is pressurized from the inside of the drying channel 2 because the density of cold and dry outside air 7 in the drying channel 2 is higher than that in the humid channel 3 of the same height for heating and wetting The density of the working air 8 , thereby expanding in the drying channel 2 and supporting the thin-walled expandable ascending annular pipe 1 . The atmospheric evaporation drive system shown in FIG. 6 may also include a balloon 19 and a connecting cable 20 . They are used to hold and support a pressurized expandable riser 1 with dry 2 and wet 3 channels at high altitudes. Typically, the balloon 19 is filled with a low-density gas such as hydrogen, but in the present invention it is also possible to use heated and humidified working air 8 which, after passing through the humidified channel 3, has a lower density than the outside The density of air. In this case, it is effective to use a balloon 19 having double walls (outer wall 21 and inner wall 22 ) to create a space between them for the condensation space 23 . The surface of the outer wall 21 of the balloon 19 has a heat exchange mechanism with the outside atmospheric air, wherein the temperature is always lower than the temperature inside the balloon 19 . The surface of the outer wall 21 is covered with white or made of special reflective material to reduce heat absorption from solar radiation.

In some cases, balloon 19 may be shaped like a bagel. Here, the bagel outer wall 21 and inner wall 22 of the balloon form a condensation space 23 with a heat exchange mechanism with the outside atmospheric air.

The top of the condensation space 23 of the balloon 19 is connected via an inlet 24 to the outlet 14 of the humidified channel 3 of the inflatable ascending annular tube 1 through a conduit. The condensation space 23 of the balloon 19 also comprises an outlet 25 for the working air 8 and a water tank 26 for distilled water.

The heated and humidified working air 8 , after passing through the humidification channel 3 , flows inside the duct via the outlet 14 and the inlet 24 to the top of the condensation space 23 of the balloon 19 (see FIG. 6 ). Here, the working air 8 is cooled by convection, conduction, and radiation on the surface of the outer wall 21 (and inner wall 22 if the balloon has a bagel shape) by transferring heat to the atmosphere, whereby moisture in the form of distilled water 27 is removed from the condensed The working air 8 in the space 23 condenses. This distilled water 27 is directed down the vertical pipe 28 via the water tank 26 and through the water turbine 29 for consumption by the consumer. The vertical downflow of distilled water 27 drives a water turbine 29 to generate electricity that can be used for different purposes such as a pump that delivers water from the bottom to the top to wet the wetted channel 3 of the pipeline 1 .

The atmospheric evaporation drive system proposed herein with an inflatable ascending annular tube 1 can be placed without the use of a balloon 19 . In some cases, it can be attached to the side of a mountain with its upper end at a high elevation on the mountain and its lower end at a lower elevation at the foot of the mountain. Furthermore, the expandable riser annular pipe 1 can be connected to the side of any type of building or tower. In this case, the described atmospheric evaporation drive system can only generate electricity and it works on the scheme shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 .

For high atmospheric evaporation driven systems for power generation or systems using balloons 19 (see Fig. 6), it is sometimes advantageous to apply a low boiling evaporation liquid 5 such as ammonia or a water-ammonia mixture instead of water to wet the wetted channels 3. The system is shown in Figure 6a. Ammonia has a lower boiling point (-33°C) compared to water (100°C). High pressure ammonia will provide a very low density gas if expanded to atmospheric pressure. Therefore, when liquid ammonia 16 evaporates into the working air 8 in the humidified channel 3, this air-ammonia mixture has a lower density than the air-water mixture, because more ammonia can evaporate into the working air 8 compared to water middle. The liquid ammonia 16 is evaporated into the working air 8 in the moistening channel 3 using heat from the external air flow 7 passing through the drying channel 2 . Thereafter, the temperature of the external air stream 7 decreases below the dew point temperature and its density increases compared to atmospheric evaporation driven systems that use water to wet the wetted channels 3 . As a result, using a low boiling evaporative liquid 5 such as ammonia, it is possible to reduce the density of the working air 8 in the wet channel 3 while increasing the density of the external air flow 7 in the dry channel 2 . Therefore, the density difference between the airflow 7 and the airflow 8 is getting bigger and it generates more electricity through the air turbine 4 .

The atmospheric evaporation drive system shown in Figure 6a may also include a balloon 19 and a connecting cable 20 (same as in Figure 6). They are used to hold and support the pressurized expandable riser 1 with dry 2 and wet 3 channels at high altitudes where the temperature of the outside air is low enough to condense ammonia vapor from the working air 8 .

The air-ammonia mixture flows as working air 8 within the conduit via the outlet 14 and the inlet 24 to the top of the condensation space 23 of the balloon 19 after it has passed through the humidification channel 3 . Here, the working air 8 is cooled by transferring heat to the atmosphere through convection, conduction and radiation on the surface of the outer wall 21 , whereby ammonia vapor is condensed in the form of liquid ammonia 27 from the working air 8 in the condensation space 23 come out. Liquid ammonia 27 as evaporative liquid 5 is led down to the humidification channel 3 via the water tank 26 .

In order to wet the wetting channel 3 of the pipe 1 , a vertical downflow of evaporating liquid 5 moves along the surface 15 from top to bottom as a moving film 16 of liquid ammonia.

The atmospheric evaporation drive system proposed herein with a low boiling evaporation liquid 5 can be placed without the use of balloons 19 . In some cases, it can be attached to the side of a mountain with its upper end at a high elevation on the mountain and its lower end at a lower elevation at the foot of the mountain. Also, it may be a tall column, the height of which is sufficient to condense the vapors of the low-boiling evaporating liquid 5 .

At high altitude, low ambient temperature and pressure, it may be desirable to achieve a lower temperature evaporation process of the low boiling point evaporation liquid 5 and provide a minimum density (maximum lift) for the working air 8 inside the humidified channel 3 . Thereby, the density difference between the airflow 7 and the airflow 8 can be increased and more electricity can be generated by the air turbine 4 . With low temperatures and vacuum at high altitudes, it is easier to use a low boiling point evaporative liquid 5 with a lower boiling point temperature as the evaporative liquid instead of water. It offers the possibility to generate additional electricity.

However, Figures 7 and 8 are schematic cross-sectional and top views of atmospheric evaporation drive systems that simultaneously generate electricity and distilled water.

This system ( FIGS. 7 and 8 ) comprises a third vertical concentric cylinder 32 inside the wetted channel 3 of the pipeline 1 having the known two vertical concentric cylinders 15 and 17 . It can form condensation channel 34 with known drying channel 2 and moistening channel 3, wherein condensing air 35 (part of working air 8) is guided through the surface of concentric cylinder 32 during the passage of working air 8 through moistening channel 3 and working Air 8 is in indirect contact. It is also possible to use vertical plates 15, 32 and 17 instead of vertical concentric cylinders 15, 32 and 17 to form heat exchange surfaces 15, 32 and 17 between the drying channel 2, the wetting channel 3 and the condensation channel 34 (see Figure 7) .

The wet channel 3 is always arranged between the dry channel 3 and the condensation channel 34 and is in heat exchange relationship with the latter by wetting within the surfaces 15 and 32 of the wet channel 3 . Surface 15 has a dry side (on part of dry channel 2 ) and its opposite side is a wet wall (on part of wet channel 3 ). The other surface 32 has a dry side (on a part of the condensation channel 34 ) and its opposite side is a wet wall (on a part of the wet channel 3 ). The opposing wetted walls of these surfaces 15 and 32 are wetted with seawater or brackish water 5 using any prior art method, such as coating the plates with a wetted capillary porous material.

Thus, the wetted walls of the surfaces 15 and 32 form the wetted channel 3 and their dry sides form the dry channel 2 and the condensation channel 34 of the atmospheric evaporation driven system for the simultaneous generation of electricity and distilled water.

The operation of the system for simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 , and its working principle is as follows: External air 7 is provided at the inlet 11 of the drying tunnel 2 . This air 7 flows through the drying channel 2 which is in heat transfer contact with the moistening channel 3 through which the working air 8 passes. Thus, the wetting channel 3 is arranged in thermal transfer contact with the drying channel 2 via the surface 15 , which delimits the corresponding drying channel 2 . On a part of the wetting channel 3, the opposite side of the surface 15 is wetted by a moving film of an evaporating liquid 16, such as seawater or brackish water. The outside air 7 passing through the drying tunnel 2 will cool to a temperature close to its dew point without changing the moisture content. Then, because the cold air is heavier, the cold air 7 will flow down from the high altitude to the low altitude through the drying channel 2 . The cold air 7 increases its density and sinks, creating an inverse chimney effect. Cool outside air 7 flows at high velocity in dry channel 2 , powers turbine 4 , and escapes as working air 8 to wet channel 3 , which is connected to generator 6 . Thereafter, the working air 8 flows upwardly from the low altitude to the high altitude through the moist channel 3 . It is in contact with a wet surface 15 which is wetted with sea or brackish water 5 by a moving liquid film 16 .

At the same time, the working air 8 comes into contact with the wet surface 32 , which is also wetted with the sea or brackish water 5 by the moving liquid film 16 .

As the working air 8 passes along the moist channel 3 (Fig. 7), it is heated, humidified and has a lower density than the outside air. Thus, the heated and humidified working air 8 is lighter and will rise inside the humidified channel 3 creating a chimney effect. After passing through the humidification channel 3 , a part of the working air 8 is exhausted into the atmosphere, while another part is conducted as condensation air 35 to the condensation channel 34 . In the wet channel 3, the latent heat of evaporation is removed, which results in cooling of the working air 8 on the wet surfaces 15 and 32 and finally, due to the heat transfer through the surface 15, in the dry channel 2 and also through the surface 32 to the external air 7 Precooling is performed so that the condensed air 35 is cooled and condensed in the condensed channel 34 .

If the outside air 7 is drawn directly from the atmosphere and first passes through the drying channel 2 via the turbine 4, then when used as working air 8, passing through the wet channel 3 and exposed to moisture 16, it cools to close to the dew point temperature of the outside air. In doing so, the outside air 7 inside the drying channel 2 can ideally be cooled to the dew point temperature by evaporation in the wet channel 3 which picks up latent heat from the surface 15 between the drying channel 2 and the wet channel 3 . Furthermore, the heated and humidified condensing air 35 in the condensation channel 34 can be cooled and condensed by evaporation in the humidification channel 3 which takes latent heat from the surface 32 between the condensation channel 34 and the humidification channel 3 . Since the condensing air 35 is in heat exchange relationship with the aforementioned humidification channel 3, moisture is thereby condensed from the airflow 35 in the condensing channel 34 in the form of distilled water 37, which is optional for the consumer.

The temperature of the working air 8 within the humidified channel 3 is always sufficiently low to ensure condensation of water vapor from the heated and humidified condensing air 35 passing through the condensing channel 34 . The indirect heat transfer between condensing air 35 and working air 8 through surface 32 tends to condense water vapor in the form of distilled water 37 .

Consequently, the condensing air 35 reduces its moisture content in the condensation channel 34 . Because cold and dry air is heavier, cold and dry condensed air 35 descends from high altitude to low altitude through condensation channel 34 . It increases its density and sinks, creating an inverse chimney effect. This condensed air 35 flows at a high velocity in the condensing channel 34, powers a turbine 36, and escapes into the atmosphere, which is connected to a generator. But condensing air 35 and distilled water 37 can also be used for additional cooling applications after passing through the condensing channel 34 from top to bottom, since their temperature will be lower than that of the outside air.

Furthermore, the vertical descending flow of distilled water 37 from the condensation channel 34 can be used (see FIG. 7 ) to drive a water turbine to generate additional electricity, which can be used for different purposes.

It should be noted that the atmospheric evaporation driven system proposed herein, which implements the disclosed methods of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water, can have more than one set of connected drying, humidifying and condensing channels. As a result, this increases the heat exchange surface between the moving air streams passing through the dry, wet and condensing channels. This always leads to an increase in the efficiency of these systems. Vertical concentric cylinders or flat plates or other geometric shapes can be used to create heat exchange surfaces for passage between moving air streams.

For example, Figure 9 (same as Figure 4) shows an atmospheric evaporation driven system that simultaneously generates electricity and cold water, but it contains an expanded assembly of multiple connected dry channels 2 and wet channels 3 that Located in one pipeline1. Furthermore, there is always a heat exchange mechanism between these drying channels 2 and wet channels 3 .

But anyway, after passing through enough dry channels 2 , the entire cold and dry outside air 7 is directed through turbine 4 , powers turbine 4 , and it escapes as working air 8 into sufficient moist channels 3 .

This system (see FIG. 9 ) can be successfully used as a natural convection cooling tower where hot water 5 from the power and/or cooling system is directed into the wetted channels 3 as evaporative liquid 16 . The high temperature of the water 58 helps to increase the efficiency of this atmospheric evaporation driven system, which not only generates cold water (which can cool the temperature to the dew point temperature instead of the wet bulb temperature of a traditional cooling tower under ideal conditions), but also power supply at the same time. Moreover, it can significantly reduce the power consumption and noise of the proposed natural convection cooling tower, which does not require fans compared to conventional cooling towers that require fans.

Figure 10 is the same as Figure 9, but this atmospheric evaporation driven system that simultaneously generates electricity and cold water also includes a water jacket 41 for heating the water by solar radiation. The system consists of an extended assembly of multiple drying channels 2 and wetting channels 3 and can be used successfully without waste hot water from the electricity and/or cooling system. Any kind of water 5 (could be seawater or brackish water or liquid desiccant etc.) at ambient temperature is conveyed to the bottom of the water jacket 41 of the pipeline 1 through a pipe 40 via a pump 39 . The water jacket 41 is a very narrow space for water flooding; its surface covers the outer surface of the pipeline 1 . The outer surface of the water jacket 41 is large enough to actively absorb a significant amount of heat from solar radiation.

Advantageously, the outer surface of the water jacket 41 is covered by a black coating or by using a material that absorbs heat well from solar radiation. The water 5 is heated inside the water jacket 41 by solar radiation, where a natural convective water movement process occurs; as a result, the warmest water layer 5 moves to the upper layer into the water jacket 41 . Here, hot water 5 is distributed from the water jacket 41 through the water distributor 42 to the top of the moistening channel 3, which is wetted by the heat moving water film 16 from top to bottom.

It is important to emphasize that during sunny days, the water jacket 41 can absorb a large amount of heat through solar radiation. This heat is enough to keep the atmospheric evaporation drive system running efficiently at night and on overcast days.

Figure 11 (same as Figure 7) shows an atmospheric evaporation driven system that simultaneously generates electricity and distilled water, but it contains an expanded assembly of multiple connected drying channels 2, wetting channels 3, and condensing channels 34, all in one duct 1 in.

In general, any practical system implementing the disclosed method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water will contain more than one set of drying channels 2, wetting channels 3 and condensation channels 34 (as shown in Figure 7). However, each wet channel 3 must be located between the dry channel 2 and the condensation channel 34 , and there must always be a heat exchange mechanism between the wet channel 3 and the dry channel 2 and between the wet channel 3 and the condensation channel 34 .

Thus, the entire cold and dry outside air 7 after passing through enough dry channels 2 is directed through the turbine 4, powers the turbine 4, and it escapes as working air 8 into enough moist channels 3, and then It is directed as condensation air 35 to a sufficient number of condensation channels 34 .

Furthermore, a portion of the working air 8 is selected and discharged into the atmosphere after passing through the humidification channel 3 .

Note that the atmospheric evaporation drive system proposed herein may include a separately placed solar water heater 45 instead of the water jacket 41 for heating the water 5 by solar radiation (see FIG. 12 ). Here, the pump 39 guides the water 5 through the solar water heater 45, which is able to actively absorb a large amount of heat from the solar radiation. After passing through the solar water heater 45 , the hot water 5 is guided through the pipe 40 and it is distributed to the top of the humid channel 3 which is wetted by the heat moving water film 16 from the top to the bottom of the pipe 1 .

In addition, solar radiation can be used for the separately placed solar water heater 45 and water jacket 41 at the same time.

International concern about global warming has increasingly focused on the role of atmospheric greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ), whose role as a greenhouse gas has led to various national and international efforts to reduce overall emissions of carbon dioxide or to sequester these Emissions for sequestration and disposal to CO2 processing pools outside the atmosphere. These all require technologies that capture CO2 from the air either at the production site or subsequently. Some of these technologies are now ready. For example, capturing carbon dioxide emissions from the air can be done by letting the wind carry the air to absorbers that absorb the carbon dioxide. This can be achieved in a variety of ways, including blowing air through the limewater, which removes carbon dioxide from the air and creates limestone. The lime captures waste carbon dioxide in the air and generates heat. The scheme, masterminded by Columbia University physicist Klaus Lackner, would remove carbon dioxide directly from the air and store it in rock or underground. Global Research Technologies of Tucson, Arizona, launched the project to build the first prototype unit capable of removing carbon dioxide, the main greenhouse gas responsible for climate change, from the wind. One option is a Venetian louver system, where slots in the louvers would allow absorbent to flow through the structure, continuously collecting carbon dioxide as the wind passes through. Another possible system is to use a wet pad of loosely extruded fiberglass, similar to the kind found in car filters. Liquid flowing over the fibers traps carbon dioxide.

But this prior art design has the following disadvantages:

Known systems that accomplish this process of capturing carbon dioxide from the air expend a large amount of energy to deliver the air.

Known systems must have a structure to remove the heat of absorption after capturing carbon dioxide from the air by lime water.

Using known methods and designs, it is not possible to efficiently and economically capture carbon dioxide from the air and simultaneously generate electricity, cooling and distilled water.

The present invention discloses a method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water, while it also offers the unique possibility of capturing carbon dioxide from air or gas at no additional cost. The present invention is a wind generator capable of removing large amounts of carbon dioxide from outside air 7 or flue gas 31 or both.

For this purpose, a concentrated absorbent which captures carbon dioxide from the outside air 7 must be added in the drying channel 2 of the pipeline 1 .

FIG. 13 is the same as FIG. 2 , but the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 also includes an absorbent 46 coating of the drying tunnel 2 , such as lime water 46 , which extracts carbon dioxide from the outside air 7 . In addition, the heat of absorption transported from the dry channel 2 to the wet channel 3 via the surface 15 contributes to increasing the cooling capacity in the wet channel 3 . Thus, this effect increases the thermal and mass performance in the dry channel 2 as well as in the wet channel 3 .

The atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 proposed herein may comprise an absorbent 46 coating of the drying channel 2, eg a liquid desiccant 46, which draws water vapor from the outside air 7 (see Fig. 13). The drying of the external air 7 can use a liquid desiccant, such as lithium chloride, bromide, calcium chloride, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and the like. When combined with the desiccant 46 in the drying channel 2, this allows cooling below the dew point temperature of the outside air 7, as it reduces the moisture content of the outside air 7, thereby increasing the latent capacity for latent heat.

This has the direct effect of reducing the humidity in the outside air 7, allowing lower temperatures (higher density) and increased cooling capacity. The liquid desiccant 46 on the surface 15 in the drying channel 2 absorbs water vapor from the external air 7 and transfers heat to the evaporative liquid mobile film 16 (such as water) of the wet channel 3 through the surface 15, and the evaporative liquid mobile film 16 evaporates into the working air8. The continuous cooling of the liquid desiccant 46 in the drying tunnel 2 increases the drying capacity of the outside air 7 .

Thus using a liquid desiccant 46, the pressure (or density) difference can be significantly increased by generating cooler and drier outside air 7 in the drying tunnel 2, where the temperature can be cooled below the dew point temperature. Additionally, any absorbent 46 (lime water or desiccant) is directed for recovery after it has passed through the drying tunnel 2 .

The invention provides the possibility to capture carbon dioxide not only from the outside air 7 but also from the flue gas 31 . FIG. 14 is the same as FIG. 5 , but the atmospheric evaporation drive system also includes an absorbent 46 coating of the exhaust passage 30 , such as lime water 46 , which draws carbon dioxide from the exhaust flue gas 31 .

In this case, lime water 46 can also be used for the drying tunnel 2, if necessary not only to capture carbon dioxide from the flue gas 31, but also from the external air 7 at the same time.

It is also possible to use a liquid desiccant 46 for the drying channel 2 and lime water 46 for the exhaust channel 30 . In this case, two useful processes can be achieved simultaneously: capture of carbon dioxide from the flue gas 31 and reduction of humidity in the outside air 7 .

The atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 proposed herein with liquid desiccant 46 needs to recover the weak desiccant 46 after the liquid desiccant 46 has passed through the drying channel, and the liquid desiccant 46 extracts water vapor from the external air 7 . For this purpose, it is reasonable to use a solar generator 47 (see FIG. 15 ) of the same design as the evaporation drive system 1 proposed here, and to use a liquid desiccant 46 instead of water 5 as the evaporation in the humidified channel 49. liquid5.

The solar generator 47 comprises a drying channel 48 and a wetting channel 49 . There is a transparent wall 52 for accessing solar radiation as a heat source. This transparent wall 52 is on one side of the wetting channel 49 and on the other side is the heat exchange surface 53 between the wetting channel 49 and the drying channel 48 .

Here (see FIG. 15 ), a weak liquid desiccant 46 is selected from the bottom of the drying channel 2 of the evaporation drive system 1 .

The weak liquid desiccant 46 is directed to the wetting channel 49 of the solar generator 47 for wetting its heat exchange surface 53 . Meanwhile, the external air 50 is firstly guided by the fan 51 to the drying channel 48 of the solar generator 47 and then is guided to the humidifying channel 49 . In doing so, the outside air 50 within the drying channel 48 can ideally be cooled to the dew point temperature by evaporation in the wet channel 49 from the heat exchange surface 53 between the dry channel 48 and the wet channel 49 Get latent heat.

Solar radiation (see FIG. 15 ) as a heat source passes through the transparent wall 52 and increases the temperature of the weak liquid desiccant 46 . This assists in evaporating water from this desiccant 46, which becomes from a concentrated solution. Solar radiation also increases the temperature of the outside air 50 so that the outside air 50 can absorb more water vapor from the liquid desiccant 46 as the liquid desiccant 46 and the outside air 50 pass through the humidified passage 49 of the solar generator 47 . At the same time, the weak liquid desiccant 46 passing through the wet channel 49 reduces its temperature through an evaporative cooling process. After the solar generator 47 the cold and strong liquid desiccant 46 with a high concentration is returned to the top of the drying channel 2 of the evaporation drive system 1 . After first passing through the drying channel 48 of the solar generator 47 and then through the humid channel 49 , the hot, humid outside air 50 with low density can be guided as part of the working air to the humid channel 3 of the evaporative drive system 1 via an adjustable valve 54 bottom, or it can be vented to atmosphere.

External air 50 may be directed to the drying channel 48 and the humidifying channel 49 by a fan 51 . Furthermore, the same atmospheric evaporation drive process as previously described for system 1 can also be achieved without the use of fans to generate downdrafts in the dry channel 48 and updrafts in the wet channel 49 of the solar generator 47 . Therefore, using solar radiation, the production capacity can be increased through the evaporation drive system 1, and the process of realizing the recovery of the weak liquid desiccant 46 by the solar generator 47 can also be enhanced.

It is important to emphasize that the atmospheric evaporation driven system proposed in this paper is a good configuration for implementing natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings where solar energy is available or not.

FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 for natural air conditioning and ventilation in a building 49 . After passing through the drying tunnel 2 , the cold and dry external air 7 is guided as working air 8 to the moistening tunnel 3 . However, a portion of this air is extracted as cool dry air 18 and used for introduction into the interior space 49 through the inlet channel 50 . The inlet channel 50 is connected with the drying channel 2 of the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 . The incoming cool dry air 18 always has a greater density than the room air, which is why it enters the room space 49 by natural ventilation.

The indoor space 49 (see FIG. 16 ) also has an outlet channel 51 connected to the humid channel 3 of the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 , wherein the hot and humid working air 8 passes through the humid channel 3 . This working air 8 is always less dense than the room air, which is why part of this room air enters the humidification channel 3 from the room space 49 as air flow 52 through natural ventilation.

The use of solar radiation for the humid channel 3 helps to improve the natural air conditioning and ventilation of the interior space 49 by reducing the density of the working air 8 and increasing the cooling capacity in the humid channel 3 .

Therefore, using the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 proposed herein, natural process cooling and ventilation can be achieved with the help of solar energy.

The atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 of the present invention offers the possibility to generate cold and dry air 18 whose temperature can ideally be cooled to the dew point temperature of the outside air. For hot and humid climate zones, this dew point temperature can be quite high. In this case, to lower the dew point temperature, it is reasonable to use the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 with a desiccant for natural air conditioning and ventilation in the building, such as a liquid desiccant 46 as shown in FIG. 13 . The liquid desiccant 46 extracts water vapor from the external air 7 during passage through the drying channel 2 . This reduces the humidity of the outside air 7 and its dew point temperature. Therefore, these systems can be used for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings in any climate zone.

For these systems (especially for hot and humid climate regions where a lot of solar energy is present), it is effective to use a solar generator 47 to recover the weak liquid desiccant 46 after passing through the drying tunnel 2, as shown in FIG. 15 .

Figure 17 shows such an atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings, which contains a solar generator 47 for after a weak liquid desiccant 46 has passed through the drying channel 2 of the atmospheric evaporation driven system The weak liquid desiccant 46 is recovered. It is the same solar generator 47 as shown and described in FIG. 15 .

Using solar radiation for the solar generator 47 not only enables an efficient and cheap recovery process of the liquid desiccant 46 but also increases the efficiency of the dehumidification process of the outside air 7 in the drying tunnel 2 . This is because we have after the solar generator 47 not only a strong but also a cold liquid desiccant 46 which is guided to the top of the drying channel 2 of the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 .

Therefore, the present invention offers the possibility to create a reasonable indoor environment as an energy-saving and environment-friendly option.

Installing the turbine 4 at the bottom of the duct 1 is justified if the density difference between the external air 7 and the working air 8 is sufficiently large during the passage of the external air 7 through the drying channel 2 and during the passage of the working air 8 through the moistening channel 3, both The two channels are connected at the bottom of the pipe 1 (see Figure 16 and Figure 17). The turbine is used to convert the energy of the moving air into a useful type of power.

The same system as shown in Figures 16 and 17 can be used to provide ventilation in coal mining. There are many abandoned coal mines with two main access roads at different levels. One of the two channels may be used for entering the cool and dry air 18 and for initiating coal seam combustion by the entry of the cool and dry air 18 . Higher level channels may be used to exhaust combustion gases as hot gas stream 52 . This hot combustion gas can be used to drive a turbine to generate electricity.

It is worth noting that it is sometimes difficult to use and maintain an atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 where there are many dry channels 2 and wet channels 3 in the piping, the system has a greater height. In this case it is also reasonable to use a special turbine 55 which is also a rotating regenerative heat and mass exchanger. This turbine 55 can achieve the same heat and mass exchange process between the external air 7 and the working air 8 as in the systems described above (see FIGS. 1-17 ) using drying channels arranged along the height of the duct 1 2 and wet channel 3. But with the turbine 55, it is easier to apply and maintain the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 .

FIG. 18 is a perspective view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 that generates electricity, using a turbine 55 that also simultaneously enables a heat and mass exchange process between the external air 7 and the working air 8 .

FIG. 19 is a perspective view of a turbine 55 comprising a disk divided by axial slots 59 into a series of blades. Here: 56 is recycled material, 57 is the inlet sector of recycled material 56, 58 is the exhaust sector of recycled material 56, 60 is the wetting sector of recycled material 56, 61 is injector, 5 is water.

The turbine 55 (see Fig. 19) comprises a series of blades passing through axial slots 59 and regeneration material 56 (heat absorbing and rejecting material). It must be an air (or gas) permeable evaporative liquid retaining material which is divided into two sectors 57 and 58 . The inlet sector 57 serves for the passage of external air 7 and the exhaust sector 58 serves for the passage of working air 8 after the external air 7 has passed through the inlet sector 57 . The exhaust sector 58 contains a moistening sector 60 which is moistened with water 5 by means of sprinklers 61 . Continuous operation is allowed by cyclically turning the recycled material 56 from the external air stream 7 to the working air stream 8 after the external air 7 has passed through the inlet sector 57 . In this case, the inlet sector 57 becomes the exhaust sector 58 and the exhaust sector 58 becomes the inlet sector 57 . It is worth noting that the external air 7 and the working air 8 are isolated, so they are separated from each other.

Referring to FIG. 19 , the external air 7 flows through the inlet sector 57 of the recycled material 56 of the turbine 55 after passing through the drying channel 2 of the duct 1 . Here, the external air 7 is cooled to close to its dew point temperature after contact with the cold recycled material 56 without changing its moisture content. The cold outside air 7 increases its density and will sink creating the inverse stack effect. Cool and dry outside air 7 flows at high velocity through axial slots 59 over a series of blades, powering a turbine 55 which is connected to an electric generator 6 . This rotates the recycled material 56 and raises the temperature of the recycled material 56 to approach the temperature of the incoming outside air 7 .

After the subsequent process of precooling of the external air 7, during the passage of the external air 7 through the inlet sector 57 (see FIG. 19 ), the external air 7 is deflected by 180° and it flows as working air 8 to the regeneration material 56 of the turbine 55. The exhaust sector 58 is in direct contact with the wetted surface of the wetted sector 60 . The wetting sector 60 is formed by a 10%-85% square, and a liquid nozzle or injector 61 is used to wet the wetting sector 60 by evaporating liquid such as water 5 .

For cooling purposes, the amount of water 5 sprayed on the moistening sector 60 is only that which can effectively evaporate to ensure that the moistening sector 60 is dry when entering the inlet sector 57 for contact with the incoming outside air 7 .

Using a solar generator 47 as shown in Figures 15 and 17, it is effective to increase the temperature of the water 5 using different kinds of heat, for example, heating the water by solar radiation.

After contact with the external air 7 in the inlet sector 57, the turbine 55 rotates, and the recycled material 56 transfers heat, which is absorbed from the external air 7 and transferred from the inlet sector 57 to the exhaust fan 58, exhaust Sector 58 contains a wet sector 60 . During passage through the heated humidification sector 60 , the cold working air 8 is heated, humidified and then guided to the humidification channel 3 of the duct 1 . After the working air 8 comes into direct contact with the wetted surface of the wetted sector 60 of the regeneration material 56 (see FIG. 19 ), moisture evaporates from this surface into the working air 8 . In this case, the latent heat of evaporation is removed, which leads to cooling of the exhaust sector 58 of the regeneration material 56 . After contact with the humidification sector 60 , the working air 8 is heated and humidified and its density becomes lower than that of the outside air 7 . The heated and humidified working air 8 is thus lighter and flows at high velocity in an updraft through the axial slots 59 over the series of blades to power the turbine 55 . Thereafter, the working air 8 flows from low altitude to high altitude and will rise in the humid channel 3 of the duct 1, creating a chimney effect.

After turning the turbine 55 (see FIG. 19 ), the cold exhaust sector 58 becomes an inlet sector 57 with a dew point temperature through which the outside air 7 passes. In this case, the outside air 7 can be cooled down to the dew point temperature. Thereafter, as described above, the cold outside air 7 as working air 6 is directed to the exhaust sector 58 of the recycled material 56 to come into direct contact with the wetted surface of the wetted sector 60 .

Using the turbine 55 which also realizes the heat and mass exchange process between the external air 7 and the working air 8, the height of the drying tunnel 2 can be reduced.

FIG. 20 is the same as FIGS. 18 and 19 , but the electrically generated atmospheric evaporation drive system includes a short drying channel 2 . It offers the possibility to reduce the cost of building and maintaining the atmospheric evaporation drive system proposed in this paper.

Sometimes it is reasonable to divide the functions of the turbine and the regenerative heat-mass exchanger into two separate devices.

Figure 21 is the same as Figure 20, but this atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity includes a turbine 4 with a generator 6 and a rotating regenerative heat-mass exchanger 62 with an electric motor 63, the turbine 4 and the rotating regenerative heat-mass exchanger 62 as two separate units. Part of the electricity generated by the generator 6 connected to the turbine 4 is used for the electric motor 63 . This electric motor 63 is used to rotate the regenerative heat-mass exchanger 62 . The generator 6 is connected to an electric motor 63 through an electric wire 64 .

It is worth noting that the wetted sector 60 of the turbine 55 can be used not only for the horizontal turbine 55 (see FIGS. 19 and 20 ), but also for the vertical turbine 55 (see FIG. 22 ). The solution for the vertical turbine 55 (see FIG. 22 ) is similar to the solution for the horizontal turbine 55 shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 .

However, this atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity using a vertical turbine 55 includes a wetted sector 60 that is wetted with water 5 from a liquid tank 65 into which the rotor of the vertical turbine 55 is immersed.

This is another wetting process for the vertical turbine 55 to generate the wetting sector 60 . This wetting process for the vertical turbine 55 is simpler and cheaper and ensures a good distribution of the water 5 within the recycled material 56 .

But it does not change the nature of the heat and mass exchange process between the external air 7 and the working air 8 for the horizontal turbine 55 . For this case it is important to choose the correct degree of rotation of the vertical turbine 55 . A slower rotation would result in too much inward drainage and too much drying due to evaporation, thus reducing the total amount of evaporation. A faster spin will not give the desired time for even distribution and therefore will reduce the total amount of evaporation.

As shown in FIG. 22 , it is always advantageous to bring heat to the working air 8 during its passage through the humidification channel 3 . This heat can come from any kind of exhaust or from solar radiation or both.

The atmospheric evaporation drive system using the vertical turbine 55 (see FIG. 22 ) to generate electricity may also include a baffle 66 placed on top of the humidified channel 3 . It offers the possibility to use the energy of the wind 67 blowing through the humid channel 3 . This energy can be used to generate an air flow in the humidification channel 3 . The air flow of wind 67 coming from any direction and passing between the two surfaces is constricted. Therefore, the velocity of this air flow increases. As a result, the pressure of the stream drops. Thus, suction is generated at the top of the wet channel 3 . This suction of air generates an air flow in the humidification channel 3 . Therefore, it also increases the power generation efficiency of the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system through the partial regeneration of pressure energy.

The atmospheric evaporation drive system proposed herein to generate electricity, cooling and distilled water can have different inclination angles. For example, the results show that for a system with a 200 mm clearance and a height of 1.5 m, the airflow rate reaches a maximum at a system tilt angle of approximately 45°, which is approximately 45% higher than for a vertical system under otherwise identical conditions. Even at 60°, the airflow rate is still about 30% higher than the corresponding vertical system. The reason for this increase in flow velocity is shown to be due to the relatively uniform space velocity within the atmospheric evaporation driven system, which significantly reduces the pressure loss at the system inlet and outlet compared to the corresponding vertical system.

Figure 23 is a view of the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 generating electrical power comprising the turbine 4 and the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 as two separate devices.

It is sometimes reasonable to use a dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 as described by Maisotsenko et al. in US Pat. The dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 contains its own dry channel 69 and wet channel 70 (see Figure 23).

The outside air 7 is first guided by a fan 71 to the dry channel 69 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 and then to the wet channel 70 . In this way, the outside air 7 inside the drying channel 69 can ideally be cooled to the dew point temperature by evaporation in the moistening channel 70 which takes latent heat from the heat exchange surfaces between the drying channel 69 and the moistening channel 70 . After passing through the drying channel 69 , a portion of the cool outside air 7 is extracted and the remainder of this airflow continues as working air 8 in the wet channel 70 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 . Via the humidification channel 70 , the working air 8 is humidified with the moisture evaporated from the water 5 , increasing its temperature and the humidity in the humidification channel 70 . The cold outside air 7 extracted from the drying channel 69 has a high density and in this case is led to the drying channel 2 of the evaporative drive system 1 before the turbine 4 . The warm saturated working air 8 has a lower density after passing through the humid channel 70 of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler 68 and is directed to the humid channel 3 of the evaporative drive system 1 after the turbine 4 in the direction of air movement.

The main driver of the electricity generated by the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 is the extra pressure of the cold outside air 7 directed to the turbine 4 compared to the lesser pressure of the warm saturated working air 8 coming out of the outlet of the turbine 4 .

Figure 23a is the same as Figure 23, but this atmospheric evaporation drive system that generates electricity also produces distilled water for consumers. The system contains an additional condenser 100 for this purpose, and the wetted channel 70 is wetted with seawater 5 . The cool outside air 7 is led to the condenser 100 after passing first through the drying channel 69 and then through the turbine 4 . In this case, the cool external air 7 is in indirect heat-exchanging contact with the moistened working air 8 after passing through the drive system 1 . Because the temperature of the cold outside air 7 is always sufficiently lower than the temperature of the humidified working air 8, moisture condenses from the humidified working air 8 in the condenser 100 in the form of distilled water 37, which is optional for the consumer of. After passing through the condenser 100, the heated external air 7 is led through the turbine 4 to the drive system 1 and the working air 8 is exhausted into the atmosphere.

The proposed atmospheric evaporation-driven system for generating electricity, cooling and distilled water has the great advantage of simply adjusting the distribution of the final product according to its consumption. Power requirements vary with the time of day and day of the week. When electricity demand is low, such as at night, more cooling or distilled water (or both) can easily be generated than electricity using the atmospheric evaporation driven system proposed in this paper. In this case, it is advantageous to use the turbine 4 of the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 as a fan for conveying the outside air 7 as working air 8 from the drying channel 2 to the moistening channel 3 (see, for example, FIGS. 3 , 4 and 3 ). Figure 7). With this effect, the generator 6 connected to the turbine 4 is used as an electric motor for rotating the turbine 4 .

Using cheap electricity at night to spin the turbine 4, the airflow in the drying channel 2 and the wet channel 3 of the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 can be increased. It increases the productivity of the atmospheric evaporation driven system 1 output of cold (air or water) or distilled water (or both).

It is effective to use an atmospheric evaporation drive system that simultaneously generates electricity and distilled water, which uses natural forces (gravity and atmospheric pressure) to generate vacuum for vacuum distillation. This solution has the advantage of vacuum distillation without the need for additional energy for the compressor to generate the vacuum.

This concept was developed by Sharma and Goswami (see publication: Al-Kharabsheh and Yogi Goswami, "Analysis of an innovative water desalination system using low-grade solar heat", Desalination, 156, 2003, p. 323-332). The publication states: "Atmospheric pressure is equivalent to the hydrostatic pressure generated by a column of water about 10 meters (m) high. Therefore, if a column with a height of more than 10 meters and closed from the top is filled with water and the water is allowed to Drop it, and it will fall to a height of about 10 meters, creating a vacuum in the upper part." However, although this water distillation system creates a vacuum without a compressor, what is achieved here is not an efficient process of evaporation and condensation. In addition, this system needs to use the thermal energy required for the evaporation process because it does not recover the heat of condensation of the distillate. Also, such conventional water distillation systems, which generate a vacuum without a compressor, may not generate electricity.

The invention presented herein improves upon this known distillation system and enhances the evaporation and condensation process by using both an energy source from the atmosphere (also known as enthalpy-humidity energy) and natural air pressure. Furthermore, the present invention offers the unique possibility of creating a more efficient atmospheric evaporation driven system for generating electricity and distilled water, using only natural engineering, relative to the systems previously described in this application.

FIG. 24 is a flowchart of an atmospheric evaporation drive system 75 that simultaneously generates electricity and distilled water 37 . The system has two separate sections that are in heat exchange relationship: an air section and a water vapor section. Here, between the drying channel 2 and the channel wetting 3 (air part), there are adjacent vacuum channels 73 and condensation channels 74 (water vapor part) with salt water 5 connected between themselves, so that the vacuum Channel 73 is in heat exchange relationship with drying channel 2 via plate 78 on the one hand and with condensation channel 74 via plate 80 on the other hand. At the same time, the condensation channel 74 is in heat exchange relationship with the moist channel 3 via the plate 79 on the one hand and with the vacuum channel 73 via the plate 80 on the other hand. Atmospheric evaporation drive system 75 also contains saline solution supply tank 87 and its connection pipe for brine 5; concentrated saline solution discharge tank 83 and its connection pipe 84; distilled water tank 85 and its connection pipe 86.

It is important to emphasize that the atmospheric evaporation drive system 75 (see FIG. 24 ) proposed herein generates vacuum in the vacuum channel 73 by using natural forces without a compressor. The system comprises a vacuum channel 73 and a condensation channel 74 connected between themselves (via the steam turbine 4) and a drying channel 2 connected between themselves (via the air turbine 4) at a height of about 10 m above ground and wet channel 3. In addition, the vacuum channel 73 and the condensing channel 74 are also connected to the saline solution supply tank 87, the concentrated saline solution discharge tank 83 and the distilled water tank 85 through the pipes 5, 84 and 86 accordingly. Balancing the hydrostatic and atmospheric pressures in supply pipe 5 and discharge pipe 84 creates a vacuum. If the vacuum channel 73 containing water and the condensation channel 74 are connected together, the water will distill from the side with higher vapor pressure to the other side. In the temperature range of 0-100°C, for example, the vapor pressure of seawater is about 1.84% lower than that of freshwater. This means that if the vacuum channel 73 (with brine 5) and condensation channel 74 (with distilled water 37) are connected from the top while maintaining the same temperature, the water will distill from the fresh water side to the brine side. In order to keep the water distilled from the brine 5 (in the vacuum channel 73) to the distilled water 37 (in the condensation channel 74), the vapor pressure of the brine 5 in the vacuum channel 73 must be kept above the vapor pressure of the distilled water 36 in the condensation channel 74 , the method is to keep the brine 5 in the vacuum channel 73 at a higher temperature. In known conventional methods and systems this can be done by using additional heat, for example using solar energy. The invention presented herein does not require this additional heat and can work effectively without it. In this case, the necessary heat is removed from the external air 7 (via the plate 78 ) during its passage through the drying channel 2 and at the same time the necessary heat is removed from the condensation channel 74 with distilled water 37 to the vacuum channel 73 (via the plate 80 ) for brine5. These heat removal processes ensure that the vapor pressure of the brine 5 in the vacuum channel 73 will remain above the vapor pressure of the distilled water 37 in the condensation channel 74 . Of course, additional heat can also be used, for example, using solar energy via solar collectors. This increases the efficiency of the system at the expense of additional equipment.

External air 7 is led to the drying tunnel 2 (see FIG. 24 ). Passing through the drying channel 2 in contact with the dry side of the plate 78, the airflow 7 is cooled, reducing its temperature from ambient to substantially the temperature of the water vapor 76 in the vacuum channel 73 (below the dew point temperature), while reducing the airflow 7 absolute humidity. During the subsequent precooling of the airflow 7 , the entire airflow 7 is redirected from the drying tunnel 2 through the air turbine 4 to the moistening tunnel 3 as working air 8 .

The cold air 7 descends from a high altitude to a low altitude through the drying channel 2 because the cold air is heavier and its density is greater than that of the outside air. The cold air 7 increases its density and sinks, creating an inverse chimney effect. Cool outside air 7 flows at high velocity in the dry channel 2 , powers an air turbine 4 connected to a generator 6 , and escapes to the moist channel 3 as working air 8 . Thereafter (see FIG. 24 ), the working air 8 ascends and flows from the low altitude to the high altitude through the moist channel 3 . The working air 8 is in contact with moist surfaces 79 and 81 , such as wicking plastic or capillary porous material, wetted by an evaporating liquid such as water 72 or distilled water 37 , or saline solution 5 . When the working air 8 passes along the humidified channel 3, it is heated, humidified and its density becomes lower than that of the outside air. Thus, the heated and humidified working air 8 is lighter and will rise inside the humidified channel 3 creating a chimney effect.

When passing through the drying tunnel 2 (see FIG. 24 ), the external air 7 brings heat to the vacuum tunnel 73 through the plate 78 . This assists in evaporating steam 76 from the brine solution 5 in the vacuum channel 73 . By increasing the pressure of the steam 76 inside the vacuum channel 73, its saturation temperature also increases and the density of the steam 76 becomes lower. Thus, the steam 76 is lighter and will rise within the vacuum channel 73 creating a chimney effect.

Steam 76 flows at a high rate from low altitude to high altitude through vacuum channel 73, powers steam turbine 4 connected to generator 6, and escapes as steam 77 to condensation channel 74, where steam 77 is condensation.

The heat of condensation of the steam 77 is discharged from the condensation channel 74 via the plate 79 to the moistening channel 3 by means of the working air 8 which passes through the moistening channel 3 by virtue of the latent heat of evaporation. At the same time, the heat of condensation of the steam 77 is discharged from the condensation channel 74 to the vacuum channel 73 via the plate 80 by evaporating the brine solution 5 . Therefore, the condensation channel 74 has a double cooling process, which improves the cooling of the steam 77 in the condensation channel 74 and the efficiency of the condensation process. These processes reduce the pressure within the condensation channel 74 and since the steam 77 is heavier, it flows down from the high altitude to the low altitude. The steam 77 increases its density and sinks, creating an inverse stack effect.

Because the working air 8 within the humidification channel 3 is in heat exchange relationship with the above-mentioned condensation channel 74, whereby moisture is condensed in the condensation channel 74 from the steam 77 in the form of distilled water 37, which is optional for the consumer.

Therefore, it is efficient to use an advanced air evaporative cooling process (air part) that is combined with a water vapor cycle (water vapor part) by the method and system presented herein to simultaneously generate electricity and distilled water using a vacuum distillation process. By generating more cold and dry airflow 7 in the dry channel 2 and warmer and humid working air 8 in the humid channel 3, it offers the unique possibility to significantly increase the drying channel 2 and humidification in the air section The difference in density between the air streams in channel 3, the temperature in drying channel 2 can be cooled below the dew point temperature. Thus, it increases the deliverable power available through the air turbine 4 .

Simultaneously, using the system proposed herein, by generating cold and distilled water 37, a density difference between water vapor 76 in the vacuum channel 73 and steam 77 in the condensation channel 74 in the water vapor part can be created. This provides the opportunity to generate additional deliverable electricity and distilled water 37 available through the steam turbine 4 . The vacuum evaporative cooling process of the brine 5 in the vacuum channel 73 (generating cold energy) and the condensation process of the steam 77 in the condensation channel 74 (generating condensation heat) also increase the density difference between the air streams 7 and 8 in the air section.

A partial vacuum can be achieved in vacuum channel 73 at high altitudes only by condensing all the water vapor into liquid water by cooling the water vapor in condensation channel 74 with the low temperature and low pressure ambient air at high altitude.

Therefore, the higher the altitude of the atmospheric evaporation driven system proposed in this paper, the greater the amount of electricity, cooling and distilled water generated.

The described atmospheric evaporation drive system can also be used as a thermoelectric generator for simultaneous generation of additional electrical energy based on temperature differences during the day and night. Here, there is always a temperature difference between the dry bulb temperature and the dew point temperature of the outside air. Therefore, the atmospheric evaporation-driven system proposed in this paper always has some locations that are warm and others that are cold. If thermoelectric materials are arranged at these locations, thermal gradients are converted directly into electrical energy by the Seebeck (thermoelectric) effect. The generated voltage and power are proportional to the temperature difference and the Seebeck coefficient of the thermoelectric material. Large thermal gradients are essential to generate practical voltage and power levels (see, eg, US Patent Nos. 6,613,972 and 6,673,996).

The invention offers the possibility of significantly increasing the temperature difference by generating cold and dry air in a drying tunnel where the temperature can ideally be cooled down to a dew point temperature which is lower than the wet bulb temperature in known devices much lower (especially for dry climates).

A thermocouple configuration is a more suitable method for power generation. This type of configuration includes n-type and p-type materials electrically connected at the hot end. Some thermoelectric materials commonly used for thermoelectric energy conversion include Sb2Te3, Bi2Te3, Bi-Sb, PbTe, Si-Ge, polysilicon, BiSbTeSe compounds, and InSbTe.

As noted above, the system is effective when the working air and/or evaporative liquid is heated prior to entering or during the wetted passage through the piping. The source of this heat can also be geothermal or/and soil heat sources.

Figure 25 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an atmospheric evaporation drive system for generating electricity using geothermal or/and soil heat sources. An advantage of this system is in winter, when the soil temperature at a certain depth below ground is higher than that of the outside atmosphere. In this case, the atmospheric evaporation drive system 1 proposed herein is inserted into the land 93 (soil) to use geothermal or/and soil heat sources. Here, the entire outside atmospheric cold airflow 7 after passing through the drying tunnel 2 is redirected as working air 8 from the drying tunnel 2 to the humid tunnel 3 through the turbine 4 for generating electricity.

The atmospheric evaporation drive system (see FIG. 25 ) may comprise an external radiator 94 (with temperature T ₁ ), a dew point radiator 95 (with temperature T _dp ), and a soil radiator 96 (with temperature T _s ), which are placed at respective in the area.

Here: T ₁ is the temperature of the outside atmosphere; T _dp is the dew point temperature of the outside atmosphere and T _s is the land (soil) temperature.

Since the T ₁ /T _dp /T _s temperature difference fluctuates between summer and winter and between night and day, it will hardly be zero. So there is always some energy to harvest.

This is why it is logical to use this atmospheric evaporation drive system as a thermoelectric generator to simultaneously generate additional electrical energy throughout the year (see Figure 25). For this purpose, thermoelectric material must be arranged in these heat sinks 94 , 95 and 96 . The thermoelectric device proposed in this paper will use the natural temperature difference between the dry bulb temperature and dew point temperature of the atmospheric air and the soil temperature to harvest electrical energy. Unlike photovoltaic cells, the methods and systems presented here can operate without sunlight. The main attractive feature of the system proposed in this paper is high reliability since it contains no moving parts. Whether the atmosphere is warmer than the soil (e.g. summer) or the soil is warmer than the air (e.g. winter): as long as there is a non-zero temperature difference T ₁ /T _dp /T _s [could be (T ₁ -T _dp ) or (T _s -T _dp ) or (T ₁ -T _s )], heat will flow through the system and generate electricity.

The proposed method of generating electricity is necessary for water consumption as it implements the evaporative cooling process. For this purpose, any kind of water can be used, including waste water or sea water, which can be converted into distilled drinking water by the invention presented herein.

But is it possible to use the invention presented in this article to generate electricity in a climate zone that doesn't have any water at all?

Water is always around us, water is everywhere in the world. Any cloud is the perfect water source.

In fact, as assessed by feasibility studies, clouds can generate large amounts of water—typically clouds with a cross-section of about 1 square kilometer can provide water for as many as 1 million people. For the method proposed here to generate electricity, it is reasonable to use cloud water directly from the sky for the wetting process of the wetting channel 3 of the pipeline 1 .

Figure 26 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electricity-generating atmospheric evaporation drive system enabled by water directly from clouds.

In this case, it is necessary to add a canopy over the pipe 1 that will collect cloud water droplets on the mesh 18 . The water droplets will flow down to the reservoir 19 and hose 20 to the wetted channel 3 of the pipe 1 . To support the cloud collector (mesh 18 ), tethered balloons 21 and ropes 22 are used. Thus, the surface 15 inside the wet channel 3 is wetted by water coming directly from the cloud. The water travels as a liquid moving film 16 along the surface 15 from top to bottom.

The concept of using solar radiation to generate electricity also applies to solar towers. Solar towers operate on the following simple principle: hot air rises; the movement of the rising hot air is used to drive turbines to generate electricity.

Solar towers generate electricity at competitive renewable energy prices by converting the sun's thermal energy into electricity.

The sun's radiation is used to heat a large volume of air under the expanded collection area, then the laws of physics (hot air rises) force the heated air to move as hot wind through the turbines to generate electricity. The solar tower power station will create conditions where hot air flows continuously through pressure staged turbines to generate electricity.

Solar tower technology taught by leading German structural engineer design (see his book, The Solar Chimney, Edition Axel Menges, Stuttgart, 1995), Also founding partner of the renowned structural engineering firm Schlaich Bergermann and Partners (for more information on Schlaich Bergermann and Partners, please visit their website: www.sbp.de).

EnviroMission, Ltd. is the largest producer of clean green renewable energy using solar tower technology. The company develops solar tower technology to a commercial level as a viable alternative to fossil fuel power generation (visit their website: www.enviromission.com.au).

But the existing solar tower technology has the following serious disadvantages:

1. The solar tower may not be able to work continuously during the day and night, but only in sunny hours.

2. In a solar tower, the rising movement of hot air is used to drive a turbine to generate electricity. Of course, the density of this hot air is less than that of the outside air, but this density difference is too small and the pressure drop over the turbine (between the inlet and outlet of the turbine) is also very small.

3. With known solar towers, it is not possible to efficiently and economically capture carbon dioxide from the air and simultaneously generate electricity, cooling and distilled water.

4. Next it is emphasized that the monthly energy output of a traditional solar tower is different and depends on the temperature of the solar radiation. This difference (eg between January and June) can vary by more than a factor of 10. This is a serious disadvantage.

The proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system for generating electricity has a steady monthly energy output throughout the year. In summer, when the solar radiation is high and the absolute humidity of the outside air is also high, less air density can be obtained in the humid channel. In winter, when there is little solar radiation and the absolute humidity of the outside air is also low, greater air density can be obtained in the drying tunnel. In any case, the pressure (or density) difference across the turbine does not actually change.

In order to illustrate the advantages of the proposed atmospheric evaporation driven system that implements the disclosed methods of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water, applicants used air line diagrams to compare the system claimed herein with known energy towers (See, eg, Dan Zaslavsky et al., US Patent No. 6,647,717) and known solar towers.

We named the atmospheric evaporation-driven system proposed in this paper as " tower".

Figure 26 shows the disclosed " Tower" and known process air line diagrams of energy towers and solar towers.

The main driving force for generating electricity (E) from a tower, energy tower or solar tower is a function of the unit density difference Δρ or unit volume difference Δv of the air between the turbine inlet and outlet:

E=F(Δρ)=Fi(Δv).

exist Under the condition that the external air parameters of the tower, the energy tower and the solar tower are the same, we will establish the A process implemented in a tower, energy tower or solar tower (see Figure 26).

For example, outside air has a temperature of 95°F and an absolute humidity of 0.04W (lbm/lbm) - points 1, 5, and 7.

" Tower" implements the Maisotsenko cycle: process 1-2-3-4 (red), where line 1-2 is the heating process, for example, by solar radiation; line 2-3 is the cooling process in the drying channel, and line 3- 4 is the simultaneous humidification and heating process in the humidification channel.

The solar tower realizes the process (blue), in which line 5-6 is the solar radiation heating process.

The energy tower realizes the process (black), in which line 7-8 is the process of adiabatic humidification.

for The air unit volume difference between tower, turbine inlet and outlet is: Δv=V ₄ -V ₃ ;

For solar towers, the air unit volume difference is: Δv=V ₆ -V ₅ ;

For the energy tower, the air unit volume difference is: Δv=V ₇ -V ₈ ;

As can be seen from Figure 26, the proposed The air unit volume difference between the turbine inlet and outlet of the tower (Δv=V ₄ −V ₃ ) greatly (many times larger) exceeds the air unit volume difference (Δv) of the solar tower and the energy tower. Furthermore, this advantage increases with access to The temperature of the air outside the tower increases and moisture decreases.

Furthermore, the proposed Towers not only produce electricity, but also cheap cooling and distilled water. Traditional solar towers and energy towers cannot.

1. A method of generating electricity using an atmospheric evaporation drive system comprising: passing an atmospheric airflow through a dry passage of a duct, wherein the airflow is precooled by contact with the dry side of a surface without changing the absolute humidity of the airflow, and when wet The other wet side of the surface in the channel is wetted with an evaporative liquid (such as water) or a brine solution, and its temperature is then lowered from the ambient temperature during the forward descending flow of this atmospheric airflow from high altitude to low altitude in the dry channel to substantially the dew point temperature of the outside air;

Wherein, in the subsequent air pre-cooling process, the entire atmospheric cold air flow is redirected to pass through the turbine from the dry channel of the pipe to the wet channel to generate electricity, and as working air to directly contact the evaporative liquid, which acts as a thin film or a moving film, Covered by a wicking layer on the wet side of the surface, where the working air becomes moist with the moisture evaporated from the evaporating liquid; between the atmospheric air flow and the same air flow as working air, which passes first through the dry channel and then through the wet channel, indirectly The process of heat exchange occurs separately via the surface, thereby subsequently increasing the temperature and moisture content of the working air in the forward ascending flow from low altitude to high altitude in the humidified channel, and then expelling the heated and humidified working air to the atmosphere; and

Therein, the working air and/or the evaporative liquid is heated, for example by solar radiation, before entering or during the wetted passage through the pipe.

2. A method of simultaneously generating electricity and cool air using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein after passing through the turbine, a portion of the atmospheric cool air flow is extracted and used as a cooling source for consumers.

3. A method of simultaneously generating electricity and cold liquid using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 1 and 2, wherein the evaporative liquid, such as water, acts as a moving film covering the wetted side of the surface and is drawn after it passes through the wetted channel and used as a cooling source for consumers.

4. The method for simultaneously generating electricity and cooling using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-3, wherein if the absolute humidity of the exhaust flue gas is less than or equal to the absolute humidity of the outside air, the working air and/or The evaporative liquid is heated directly by the exhaust flue gas before entering the wetted passage of the pipe or during its wetted passage through the pipe.

5. The method of simultaneously generating electricity and cooling using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-3, wherein if the absolute humidity of the exhaust flue gas is greater than that of the outside air, the working air and/or the evaporative liquid Indirect heating by exhaust flue gas before entering the wetted passage of the duct or during the wetted passage through the duct.

6. A method of simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-3, wherein the humidification channel is wetted with saline solution, and the system includes a condensation channel through which a portion of the heated and humidified working air passes After wetting the tunnel is extracted and directed into the condensation tunnel as condensed air; this condensed air is cooled to essentially outside air by contact with the dry side of the surface during its forward descending flow from high altitude to low altitude within the condensation tunnel The dew point temperature of the surface, the other wet side of the surface is wetted by the saline solution, because the condensed air has a heat exchange relationship with the above-mentioned wet channel, the moisture is condensed from the condensed air inside the condensed channel in the form of distilled water, and the distilled water is the consumer selected, and the condensed air is then directed through a turbine to generate electricity.

7. The method of simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 6, wherein the condensed air and/or distilled water are extracted after passing through the condensing channel and used as a heat sink for consumers.

8. A method of generating electricity and cooling using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-7, wherein these systems are made as connected, thin-walled, expandable ascending annular tubes, inside which are placed dry channels and wet channels, and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between dry and wet channels.

9. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems according to claims 1-8, wherein these systems are fabricated as connected, thin-walled, expandable ascending annular tubes, inside which Place the dry, wet, and condensing channels, and in addition, any wet channels are located between the drying and condensing channels, and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between them.

10. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 8 and 9, wherein the evaporation drive system includes balloons and connecting cables for maintaining and supporting at high altitudes with drying channels, Pressurized expandable risers for wet and condensate channels.

11. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 10, wherein the balloon has a double wall for forming a condensation space with a heat exchange mechanism with the outside atmospheric air; And the heated and humidified working air is guided to this condensing space after passing through the humidification channel, so the moisture is condensed from the working air in the condensing space in the form of distilled water, and the distilled water is conveyed down to provide to consumers through the water turbine .

12. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 8 and 9, wherein connected, thin-walled, expandable risers are provided and attached to the side of the mountain, Its upper end is at a high elevation on a mountain and its lower end is at a lower elevation at the foot of a mountain, or is set or attached to the side of any type of building or tower.

13. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-12, wherein there are more than one set of drying channels, wet channels and condensation channels in the pipeline, and any wet channels are Between the drying channel and the condensation channel, and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between any wet channel and any dry channel, and between any wet channel and any condensation channel.

14. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-13, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises a water jacket for heating water or a brine solution by solar radiation, the water Or saline solution is distributed from the water jacket to the top of the wet channel 3, which is wetted from top to bottom by the heat moving water film.

15. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 14, wherein the outer surface of the water jacket is covered with a black coating or covered with other materials that can absorb solar radiation well heat.

16. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-13, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises a separately placed solar water heater for heating water or saline solution by solar radiation, Water or saline solution is dispensed from the solar water heater to the top of the wetting channel 3, which is wetted from top to bottom by a thermally mobile liquid film.

17. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-16, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises a water jacket and a separately placed solar water heater for heating water or saline solution by solar radiation For heating, water or saline solution is distributed from the water jacket and solar water heater to the top of the wetting channel 3, which is wetted from top to bottom by a thermally moving liquid film.

18. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system according to claims 1-17, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises an absorbing coating of a drying channel, such as lime water, which absorbs the coating as it passes through the drying channel CO2 is extracted from the outside air in the process.

19. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-17, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises an absorbing coating of the drying channel, such as a liquid desiccant, which absorbs the coating after passing through the drying Water vapor is drawn from the outside air during the passage.

20. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises an absorbing coating of the exhaust passage, such as lime water, the absorbing coating passing through the exhaust passage Carbon dioxide is extracted from the exhaust flue gas during this time.

21. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claims 19 and 20, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises an absorbing coating of a drying channel, such as a liquid desiccant, the absorbing coating of the drying channel being in Water vapor is extracted from the outside air during passage through the drying passage, and the evaporation drive system also contains an absorbing coating of the exhaust passage, such as lime water, which absorbs water vapor from the exhaust flue gas during passage through the exhaust passage Get rid of carbon dioxide.

22. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 19 and 21, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises a solar generator for desiccating the weak absorbent after it passes through the drying tunnel to recycle.

23. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 22, wherein the solar generator comprises:

Atmospheric airflow is passed through the dry channel of the solar generator, where the airflow is precooled by contact with the dry side of the surface, the other wet side of the surface in the wet channel is weakened by the bottom of the dry channel from the pipe Wetting of the absorber followed by lowering the temperature of the absorber from ambient to substantially the dew point temperature and redirecting the airflow from the dry channel of the solar generator to the wet channel of the solar generator to directly contact the absorber, the absorber moves as The film is covered by a wicking layer on the wet side of the surface, where the airflow becomes wetted with moisture evaporated from the absorbent, increasing its temperature and humidity in the wetting channel, where the airflow is heated by solar radiation, and then, the The heated and humid air is exhausted to the atmosphere or directed to the wet channel of the pipe, and the strong and cold absorbent returns to the top of the dry channel of the pipe after passing through the wet channel.

24. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-23 for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings where some portion of the outside air is dried through ducts After passage, as cool and dry air is extracted and used to be introduced into the interior space through the entry passage, some part of the indoor air is drawn from the interior space by natural ventilation to the moist passage of the ducts.

25. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system according to claims 1-24, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises a water injector for a turbine made as a rotating regenerative heat and mass exchange The turbine, where the heat and mass exchange process between the outside air and the working air is also realized to transfer heat and cold between these airflows.

26. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 25, wherein the turbine is installed at the bottom of the pipeline, the drying channel and the wet channel of the inlet external air and the outlet working air for heat exchange Connected at the bottom of the duct, and the turbine includes a rotor that is continuously turned by external air and working air, and the external air and working air flow at a high velocity through axial slots through a series of blades, providing a turbine connected to a generator power, and the rotor contains regenerative material, and the channels have openings at either end of the rotor for directing separated outside air and working air through the regenerative material, regenerative material contains separate inlet sectors for the outside air and working air and Exhaust sector, where the regeneration material is wetted by evaporative liquid such as water, is added to the exhaust sector, and the inlet outside air is guided first through the inlet sector, and works as an outlet after turning 180° Air is passed through the humidified sector of the recycled material.

27. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 25 and 26, wherein the dry channel is shorter than the wet channel.

28. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system according to claims 25-27, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises a turbine with a generator and a rotating regenerative heat and mass exchanger with an electric motor as two separate device.

29. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system according to claims 25-28, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises a turbine configured as a vertically rotating regenerative heat and mass exchanger, where The process of heat and mass exchange between the outside air and the working air is realized everywhere to transfer heat and cold between these airflows.

30. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 29, wherein the vertical turbine comprises a wetted sector wetted with water using a liquid tank, the rotor of the vertical turbine immersed in the liquid in the box.

31. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 25-30, wherein the working air is heated during passage through the humidified channel.

32. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 31 wherein the working air is heated by solar radiation.

33. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-32, wherein the humidification channel comprises air deflectors.

34. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-33, wherein the evaporation drive system can be made with different inclination angles.

35. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 34, wherein the inclination angle of the evaporative drive system is about 45°.

36. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claims 1-24, 27 and 30-35, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises a turbine and a dew point indirect evaporative cooler as two separate units , furthermore this cooler realizes the cooling process of the outside air down to its dew point temperature substantially and the humidification process of the working air, and after that, the cold outside air is directed to the evaporation before the turbine in the direction of air movement The dry channel of the drive system, and the warm saturated working air is directed to the humid channel of the evaporative drive system after the turbine.

37. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as claimed in claim 36, wherein the evaporation driven system uses seawater for the wetting process of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler and includes an additional condenser in which In the condenser, cool outside air and humidified working air are directed for indirect heat exchange contact and the resulting condensed distilled water is directed to the consumer.

38. A method of generating cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system according to claims 1-35, wherein the turbine of the atmospheric evaporation driven system is used as a fan to transport external air as working air from the drying channel to the humidifying channel , for which a generator connected to the turbine is used as an electric motor for the rotation of the turbine.

39. A method of generating electricity using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-38, wherein the evaporation liquid uses a low boiling point evaporation liquid, such as ammonia or a water-ammonia mixture, which acts as a moving film covering the surface of the wetted channel the wet side.

40. A method of generating electricity using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 39, wherein after the low boiling point evaporative liquid evaporates into the working air inside the wetted channel, the working air is directed to condense the vapor from the air and then back to condense Liquid to wet the wet channel.

41. A method of generating electricity using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 39 and 40 wherein a high tower or balloon at high altitude is used, or the side of a mountain, with the upper end of the system at the high altitude of the mountain and the lower end at At low altitudes at the foot of a mountain, it is used to condense low-boiling evaporating liquids.

42. A method of simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 6-18, 24 and 31-37, wherein the vertical downflow of distilled water from the condensation channel is used to drive a water turbine to generate additional electricity.

43. A method of simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 6-18, 24, 31-37, and 42, wherein outside air is redirected after passing through the drying tunnel so as to flow from the drying tunnel to the wet The channels generate electricity through an air turbine, in which a brine solution is added to a vacuum channel, which is adjacent to the condensation channel and connected to the condensation channel via a steam turbine, moreover, both channels are placed between the dry and wet channels such that There is a heat exchange mechanism between the vacuum channel and the drying channel through the plate, which is used to supply heat to the vacuum channel, and there is a heat exchange mechanism between the vacuum channel and the condensation channel through another plate, and the condensation channel is also in a heat exchange relationship with the wet channel through the third plate , used to remove heat from the condensation channel; moreover, water vapor evaporates from the brine solution inside the vacuum channel, and inside the vacuum channel proceeds upwardly from low altitude to high altitude, and then redirects the water vapor from the vacuum channel by creating a vacuum The steam turbine passes through the condensing channel to generate electricity. The water vapor flows down from high altitude to low altitude in the condensing channel. In the condensing channel, the water vapor is condensed in the form of distilled water through the decrease of its temperature, thereby providing consumers with choose.

44. A method of simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 43, wherein for the wetted channel distilled water from the condensed channel is used as a thin film or moving film wicking over the wetted side of the plate suction layer, these plates form the wet channel.

45. A method of simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 43 and 44, wherein the brine solution is selected and used as a heat sink for consumers after passing through a vacuum channel.

46. A method of simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claims 42-44 wherein distilled water from the condensation channel is selected and used as a heat sink for the consumer.

47. The method of simultaneously generating electricity and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 43-46, wherein the vacuum channel with brine solution is connected with the condensation channel through a steam turbine, and the vacuum in the vacuum channel is achieved by placing all the channels in Generated at a height of about 10 meters above ground level, these channels are connected by pipes to the brine solution source and concentrated brine solution discharge of the vacuum channel, and the distilled water tank, brine solution source, concentrated brine solution discharge and distilled water tank of the condensation channel all on ground level.

48. A method of simultaneously generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-47, wherein the entire atmospheric cold airflow is used as a cooling source for consumers after first passing through a drying channel and then through a turbine , the entire heated atmospheric airflow is then redirected as working air to the humidified passage of the duct.

49. A method of simultaneously generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-48, wherein the system comprises separate turbines for generating electricity for outside air and working air respectively.

50. The method for simultaneously generating electricity, cooling capacity and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-49, wherein after the atmospheric cold air flow first passes through the drying channel and then passes through the turbine, a part of the atmospheric cold air flow is used as working air from The dry aisle is redirected to the wet aisle, while another portion of this airflow is extracted and directed to the consumer as cool air.

51. The method of simultaneously generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-50, wherein after passing through the drying tunnel, a part of the atmospheric cold air flow is redirected from the drying tunnel to the wet tunnel as working air , the wet channel contains its own independent turbine, and another part of this atmospheric cold airflow is extracted and used to generate electricity through the turbine and then discharged into the atmosphere.

52. The method of simultaneously generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claims 1-51, wherein the system is inserted into the ground, using geothermal or/and soil heat sources to generate thermoelectricity and apply it to the earth's atmosphere air as the working fluid.

53. A method of simultaneously generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as claimed in claims 1-52 wherein the system for delivering water directly from the cloud to wet the wetted channels of the pipes comprises mesh and The reservoir is connected to the wet channel by a hose, and the system also includes balloons and ropes for supporting the system in the air.

Claims (53)

1. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system comprising: a) passing an atmospheric airflow through a dry channel of a duct, wherein said airflow is pre-cooled by contact with the dry side of a surface without changing the absolute humidity of the airflow, the other wet side of said surface in a wetted channel is Wetting by an evaporative liquid or brine solution containing water and subsequently reducing the temperature of the atmospheric air stream from ambient temperature to substantially the dew point temperature of the outside air during its forward and downward flow in the dry channel from high altitude to low altitude; b) where, during the subsequent pre-cooling of the airflow, the entire atmospheric cold airflow is redirected to pass from the dry channel of the pipe to the wet channel through the turbine to generate electricity, and as working air directly contacts the evaporative liquid, which moves as a thin film or film, covered by a wicking layer on the wetted side of the surface where the working air becomes moist with the moisture evaporated from the evaporating liquid; between the atmospheric air flow and the same air flow as the working air, which passes first The drying channel then passes through the wet channel, and the process of indirect heat exchange takes place separately via the surface, thereby subsequently increasing the temperature and moisture content of the working air in the forward upward flow from low altitude to high altitude in the wet channel, which then transfers the heated and humid The said working air is exhausted into the atmosphere; and c) wherein the working air and/or evaporative liquid is heated by a heat source comprising solar radiation before entering or during the wetted passage through the pipe. 2. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1 wherein after passing through the turbine a portion of the atmospheric cold air flow is extracted and used as a cooling source for consumers. 3. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporative liquid, such as water, acts as a moving film covering said wetted side of the surface and is removed after it passes through the wetted channel Extracted and used as a cooling source for consumers. 4. The method for generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 1, wherein if the absolute humidity of the exhaust flue gas is less than or equal to the absolute humidity of the outside air, the working air and/or Or the evaporating liquid is directly heated by the exhaust flue gas before entering the wetted passage of the pipe or during the wetted passage through the pipe. 5. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 1, wherein if the absolute humidity of the exhaust flue gas is greater than the absolute humidity of the outside air, the working air and/or evaporative The liquid is indirectly heated by the exhaust flue gas before entering the wetted passage of the pipe or during its wetted passage through the pipe. 6. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the humidification channel is wetted with saline solution and the system includes a condensation channel through which a portion of the heated and humidified working air passes After wetting the tunnel is extracted and directed into the condensation tunnel as condensed air; this condensed air is cooled to essentially outside air by contact with the dry side of the surface during its forward descending flow from high altitude to low altitude within the condensation tunnel The dew point temperature of the surface, the other wet side of the surface is wetted by the saline solution, because the condensed air has a heat exchange relationship with the above-mentioned wet channel, the moisture is condensed from the condensed air inside the condensed channel in the form of distilled water, and the distilled water is the consumer selected, and the condensed air is then directed through a turbine to generate electricity. 7. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 6, wherein the condensed air and/or distilled water are extracted after passing through the condensation channel and used as a cooling source for consumers. 8. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein these systems are fabricated as connected, thin-walled, expandable ascending annular tubes, inside which are placed dry channels and wet channels, and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between dry and wet channels. 9. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using atmospheric evaporation driven systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein these systems are fabricated as connected, thin-walled, expandable ascending annular tubes, inside which are placed dry channels, wet channels, and condensation channels, in addition, any wet channels are located between dry channels and condensation channels, and there is always a heat exchange mechanism between them. 10. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 8, wherein the evaporation drive system includes balloons and connecting cables for maintaining and supporting a dry channel, wet channel at high altitudes and a pressurized expandable riser for the condensate channel. 11. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 10, wherein the balloon has a double wall for forming a condensation space with a heat exchange mechanism with the outside atmospheric air; And the heated and humidified working air is guided to this condensing space after passing through the humidification channel, so the moisture is condensed from the working air in the condensing space in the form of distilled water, and the distilled water is conveyed down to provide to consumers through the water turbine . 12. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 8, wherein a connected, thin-walled, expandable riser is provided and attached to the side of the mountain, the upper end of which Located at a high elevation on a mountain with its lower end at a low elevation at the foot of a mountain, or set or attached to the side of a building or tower of any kind. 13. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein there are more than one set of dry, wet and condensing channels in the piping, and in addition, any wet channels are located in the dry There are always heat exchange mechanisms between channels and condensation channels, and between any wet channels and any dry channels, and between any wet channels and any condensation channels. 14. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises a water jacket for heating water or a brine solution by solar radiation, said water Or saline solution is distributed from the water jacket to the top of the wetted channel 3, which is wetted from top to bottom by the thermally moving water film. 15. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 14, wherein the outer surface of the water jacket is covered with a black coating or covered with other materials for absorbing heat from solar radiation. 16. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises a separately placed solar water heater for heating water or brine solution by solar radiation, said Water or saline solution is distributed from the solar water heater to the top of the wetting channel 3, which is wetted from top to bottom by a thermally mobile liquid film. 17. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises a water jacket and a separate solar water heater for heating water or brine solution by solar radiation , the water or saline solution is distributed from the water jacket and the solar water heater to the top of the wetting channel 3, which is wetted from top to bottom by a thermally mobile liquid film. 18. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises an absorbing coating of said drying channel, such as lime water, said absorbing coating passing through said Carbon dioxide is extracted from the outside air during the drying tunnel described above. 19. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises an absorbing coating, such as a liquid desiccant, of said drying channel, said absorbing coating passing through Water vapor is extracted from the outside air during the drying tunnel. 20. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 5, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises an absorbing coating of the exhaust passage, such as lime water, said absorbing coating passing through said Carbon dioxide is extracted from the exhaust flue gas during the exhaust passage. 21. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 19, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises an absorbing coating of said drying channel, such as a liquid desiccant, said drying channel's absorbing coating layer extracts water vapor from the outside air during passage through the drying channel, and the evaporation drive system also includes an absorbent coating of the exhaust channel, such as lime water, which absorbs the exhaust channel during passage through the exhaust channel Carbon dioxide is removed from the exhaust flue gas during the flue gas passage. 22. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 19, wherein the evaporation drive system comprises a solar generator for desiccating the weak absorbent after it passes through the drying channel. to recycle. 23. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 22, wherein said solar generator comprises: passing atmospheric air flow through a drying channel of the solar generator, in which said The air flow is pre-cooled by contact with the dry side of the surface, the other wet side of the surface in the wet channel is wetted by the weak absorbent from the bottom of the dry channel of the pipe, and the temperature of the absorbent is subsequently reduced from The ambient temperature is lowered to substantially the dew point temperature, and the airflow is then redirected from the dry channel of the solar generator to the wet channel of the solar generator to directly contact the absorbent, which acts as a moving film by the wetted channel of the surface side wicking layer covering, where the airflow becomes humidified with moisture evaporated from the absorbent, increasing its temperature and humidity in the humidification channel, and the airflow is heated by solar radiation in the humidification channel, and then, will heat And the humid air flow is exhausted to the atmosphere or directed to the wet channel of the pipeline, and the strong and cold absorbent returns to the top of the dry channel of the pipeline after passing through the wet channel. 24. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as claimed in claim 1 for natural air conditioning and ventilation in buildings wherein some portion of outside air is After passage, as cold and dry air is extracted and used to be introduced into the interior space through the entry passage, some part of the indoor air is drawn from the interior space by natural ventilation to the moist passage of the duct. 25. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporative drive system includes a water injector for a turbine made as a rotating regenerative heat and mass exchanger , the heat and mass exchange process between the external air and the working air is also realized at the turbine to transfer heat and cold between these airflows. 26. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 25, wherein said turbine is installed at the bottom of said pipeline, the inlet external air and outlet working air for said heat exchange The dry channel and the wet channel are connected at the bottom of the duct, and the turbine includes a rotor that is continuously rotated by the external air and the working air, and the external air and the working air are rotated at a high speed Flow through a series of blades through axial slots powers a turbine connected to a generator and the rotor contains recycled material and the channels have openings at either end of the rotor for channeling separated outside air and Working air is passed through the regeneration material comprising separate inlet and exhaust sectors for outside air and working air, wherein the regeneration material is a humidified sector wetted by an evaporative liquid such as water is added to the exhaust sector and the inlet outside air is directed first through the inlet sector and after turning 180° as the outlet working air through the humidified sector of recycled material. 27. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 25, wherein said dry channel is shorter than said wet channel. 28. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises a turbine with a generator and a rotating regenerative heat and mass exchanger with an electric motor as two separate device. 29. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 25, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises a turbine made as a vertically rotating regenerative heat and mass exchanger, between which The process of heat and mass exchange between the outside air and the working air is realized to transfer heat and cold between these air streams. 30. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 29, wherein the vertical turbine comprises a wetted sector wetted by water using a liquid tank, the vertical turbine's The rotor is immersed in the liquid tank. 31. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 25, wherein said working air is heated during passage through said humidified channel. 32. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 31 wherein said working air is heated by solar radiation. 33. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said wetted channels comprise air deflectors. 34. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system according to claim 1, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises different tilt angles. 35. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 34, wherein the inclination angle of the evaporative drive system is about 45°. 36. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporative drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporative drive system comprises said turbine and a dew point indirect evaporative cooler as two separate units, furthermore the cooler implements The cooling process of the external air down to substantially its dew point temperature and the humidification process of the working air, and after this, the cold external air is directed to the evaporation before the turbine in the direction of air movement The dry channel of the drive system and warm saturated working air is directed to the wet channel of the evaporative drive system after the turbine. 37. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as claimed in claim 36, wherein the evaporation driven system uses seawater for the wetting process of the dew point indirect evaporative cooler and includes an additional condenser in which In the condenser, cool outside air and humidified working air are directed for indirect heat exchange contact and the resulting condensed distilled water is directed to the consumer. 38. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 1, wherein said turbine of said atmospheric evaporation drive system is used to transfer external air as said working air from said The dry channel feeds into the fan of the wet channel, for which purpose a generator connected to the turbine is used as a motor for the rotation of the turbine. 39. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the evaporative liquid uses a low boiling point evaporative liquid, such as ammonia or a water-ammonia mixture, which acts as a moving film The wetting side of the surface covering the wetting channel. 40. The method for generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 39, wherein after said low boiling point evaporative liquid evaporates into said working air inside said humid channel, said working air is directed to condense vapor from the air and then return condensed liquid to wet the wet channels. 41. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 39, wherein a tall tower or a balloon at a high altitude is used, or the side of a mountain, the upper end of the system is at a high altitude of the mountain , the lower end is located at a low altitude at the foot of the mountain, and is used to condense low boiling point evaporating liquids. 42. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 6, wherein a vertical downflow of distilled water from a condensation channel is used to drive a water turbine to generate additional electricity. 43. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as recited in claim 6 wherein outside air after passing through said dry tunnel is redirected to pass from said dry tunnel to said wet tunnel Electricity is generated by an air turbine in which a brine solution is added in a vacuum channel adjacent to and connected to the condensation channel via a steam turbine, both of which are placed between the dry channel and the wet channel In between, the vacuum channel has a heat exchange mechanism with the drying channel via a plate for supplying heat to the vacuum channel, and the vacuum channel has a heat exchange mechanism with the condensation channel through another plate, so The condensation channel is also in a heat exchange relationship with the wet channel through the third plate for removing heat from the condensation channel; in addition, water vapor evaporates from the brine solution inside the vacuum channel, and in the vacuum The ascending flow inside the channel progresses from low altitude to high altitude, then water vapor is redirected from the vacuum channel to the condensing channel by creating a vacuum through a steam turbine to generate electricity. Proceeding down flow to lower altitudes, this water vapor condenses in the form of distilled water in the condensation channel through its consequent decrease in temperature, thus being chosen by the consumer. 44. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as claimed in claim 43, wherein for said wetted channels distilled water from said condensed channels is used as a film or moving film overlaid on A wicking layer on the wetted side of the plates that form the wetted channels. 45. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 43 wherein a saline solution is selected and used as a cooling source for consumers after passing through said vacuum channel. 46. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as claimed in claim 42 wherein distilled water from said condensation channel is selected and used as a cooling source for consumers. 47. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 43, wherein said vacuum channel with brine solution is connected to said condensation channel through said steam turbine, in said vacuum channel The vacuum is generated by arranging all channels at a height of about 10 meters above ground level, these channels are connected by pipes to the brine solution source and concentrated brine solution discharge of the vacuum channel, and the distilled water tank of the condensation channel, so The source of the brine solution, the drain of the concentrated brine solution and the distilled water tank are all at ground level. 48. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 47, wherein the entire atmospheric cold flow is used as a cooling source for consumers after first passing through the drying channel and then through the turbine, so that the entire The heated atmospheric airflow is redirected as working air into the humidified passage of the duct. 49. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said system comprises separate turbines for generating electricity for outside air and working air respectively. 50. The method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system according to claim 1, wherein after the atmospheric cold air flow first passes through the drying channel and then passes through the turbine, a part of the atmospheric cold air flow is used as the working air Redirected from the dry aisle to the wet aisle, another portion of this airflow is extracted and directed to the consumer as cool air. 51. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation drive system as claimed in claim 1 wherein after passing through said dry tunnel a portion of the atmospheric cold air flow is redirected from the dry tunnel to the wet tunnel as working air, The wet channel contains its own independent turbine, and another part of this atmospheric cold airflow is extracted and used to generate electricity through the turbine and then discharged into the atmosphere. 52. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as claimed in claim 1 wherein said system is inserted into the ground using geothermal or/and soil heat sources to generate thermoelectricity and apply air from the earth's atmosphere as a working fluid. 53. A method of generating electricity, cooling and distilled water using an atmospheric evaporation driven system as claimed in claim 1 wherein the system for delivering water directly from the cloud to wet the wetted channels of the pipes comprises a mesh and reservoir, The reservoir is connected to the wetted channel by a hose, and the system also includes balloons and ropes for supporting the system in the air.