CN110297104A - A kind of river represents vertical velocity profile real-time online measuring method - Google Patents
A kind of river represents vertical velocity profile real-time online measuring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种河流代表垂线流速分布实时在线测量方法，该在线测量方法包括如下步骤：1)布置代表垂线压力传感器；2)观测压力传感器表面水流流速；3)计算垂线平均流速。与现有技术相比，本发明具备以下有益效果：1)该方法不受河流的水流及河道冲淤变化影响，能使测速垂线定位更准确、稳定，提高测速代表垂线的精度；2)该方法能有效减少河底和水面的流速测量盲区，避免因水中物质与水流运动不同速度导致的流速测量失真问题，提高河流流量测量的精度。
The invention discloses a real-time on-line measurement method for the flow velocity distribution of a representative vertical line of a river. The online measurement method comprises the following steps: 1) arranging a representative vertical line pressure sensor; 2) observing the water flow velocity on the surface of the pressure sensor; 3) calculating the average flow velocity of the vertical line . Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: 1) the method is not affected by changes in river flow and river erosion and silting, can make the positioning of the velocity measurement vertical line more accurate and stable, and improve the accuracy of the velocity measurement representative vertical line; 2 ) This method can effectively reduce the blind area of flow velocity measurement on the river bottom and water surface, avoid the distortion of flow velocity measurement caused by the different speeds of water substances and water flow, and improve the accuracy of river flow measurement.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明公开了一种河流流量实时在线测量方法，具体是一种河流代表垂线流速分布实时在线测量方法，属于水文测验应用技术领域。The invention discloses a real-time on-line measurement method for river flow, in particular to a real-time on-line measurement method for flow velocity distribution on a representative vertical line of a river, belonging to the technical field of hydrological test applications.
背景技术Background technique
现有技术中，一般而言，河流流量实时在线测量采用代表线、点的方法，其代表线、点的选择通常由常规流量监测的代表线、点流速与断面平均流速经相关分析确定。In the prior art, generally speaking, the real-time on-line measurement of river flow adopts the method of representative lines and points, and the selection of representative lines and points is usually determined by correlation analysis of representative lines, point flow velocities and section average flow velocity of conventional flow monitoring.
代表线法是目前流量实时在线测量的最主要方法。代表线法包括超声时差、H-ADCP、座底ADCP和浮标ADCP方法。其中，超声时差法、H-ADCP采用的是水平代表线，因河流宽浅不一且形状复杂，可能导致不能覆盖全断面，难以寻找较好的代表线；另外，座底ADCP、浮标ADCP采用的垂直代表线，虽能较真实反应垂线的流速分布，但底座ADCP受河流泥沙冲淤变化的影响，维护较为困难；浮标ADCP维护简单，但垂线较难固定，其代表性难以保持。同时，超声时差、H-ADCP、座底ADCP、浮标ADCP等属声学方法，测定的是水中物质的运动速度，由于水中物质特别是河底物质与水流速度并不同步，故采用ADCP开展实时在线测流有可能导致部分点据失真。The representative line method is currently the most important method for real-time online flow measurement. Representative line methods include ultrasonic transit time, H-ADCP, bottom ADCP and buoy ADCP methods. Among them, the ultrasonic time-of-flight method and H-ADCP use horizontal representative lines, which may not cover the entire section due to the river’s varying width and complex shape, making it difficult to find a better representative line; in addition, base ADCP and buoy ADCP use Although the vertical representative line can reflect the flow velocity distribution of the vertical line more realistically, the ADCP of the base is affected by the change of river sediment erosion and sedimentation, so it is difficult to maintain; the ADCP of the buoy is easy to maintain, but the vertical line is difficult to fix, and its representativeness is difficult to maintain . At the same time, ultrasonic time difference, H-ADCP, bottom ADCP, buoy ADCP, etc. are acoustic methods, which measure the movement speed of substances in water. Since the substances in water, especially the substances at the bottom of the river, are not synchronized with the velocity of water flow, ADCP is used to carry out real-time online Flow measurement may cause some point data to be distorted.
发明内容Contents of the invention
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种河流代表垂线流速分布实时在线测量方法，能全面覆盖代表垂线的各点，减少水面和底部测量盲区，且不受河流物质运动影响，从而确保代表垂线流速测量精度，该方法是提高河流流量在线监测精度的途径之一。Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a real-time on-line measurement method for the flow velocity distribution of a representative vertical line of a river, which can fully cover each point representing the vertical line, reduce the measurement blind area of the water surface and the bottom, and is not affected by the movement of river materials, thereby To ensure the measurement accuracy of representative vertical flow velocity, this method is one of the ways to improve the accuracy of on-line monitoring of river flow.
本发明提供如下技术方案：一种河流代表垂线流速分布实时在线测量方法，该在线测量方法包括如下步骤：The present invention provides the following technical solution: a real-time online measurement method for the distribution of flow velocity in a river representative vertical line, the online measurement method includes the following steps:
1)布置代表垂线压力传感器；1) The layout represents the vertical line pressure sensor;
2)观测压力传感器表面水流流速；2) Observe the water flow velocity on the surface of the pressure sensor;
3)计算垂线平均流速。3) Calculate the vertical average velocity.
优选的，所述步骤1)中，依据代表垂线处建立的水文观测平台，在平行于水流流线一测，从最高水位至河底按一定间距布置多个压力传感器，并确保压力传感器固定牢固。Preferably, in the step 1), according to the hydrological observation platform established at the representative vertical line, a plurality of pressure sensors are arranged at a certain interval from the highest water level to the bottom of the river in a measurement parallel to the water flow line, and the pressure sensors are guaranteed to be fixed firm.
优选的，所述步骤2)中，依据流体力学伯努利方程的原理，由各压力传感器观测动水水位Zi，结合垂线处静水水位观测Z0，计算各个压力传感器的动静水水位差△Hi＝Z0-Zi，由各压力传感器的动静水水位差计算压力传感器表面水流流速 Preferably, in the step 2), according to the principle of the Bernoulli equation of fluid mechanics, each pressure sensor observes the dynamic water level Z i , combined with the observation Z 0 of the static water level at the vertical line, calculates the dynamic and static water level difference of each pressure sensor △H i ＝Z 0 -Z i , calculate the water flow velocity on the surface of the pressure sensor from the dynamic and static water level difference of each pressure sensor
式中：Zi各压力传感器观测的动水水位，Z0为测量的垂线静水水位，g为重力加速度。In the formula: Z i is the dynamic water level observed by each pressure sensor, Z 0 is the measured vertical static water level, and g is the acceleration of gravity.
优选的，所述步骤3)中，依据各压力传感器观测的表面水流流速Vi构成的垂线流速分布，按公式计算垂线平均流速；Preferably, in said step 3), according to the vertical flow velocity distribution formed by the surface water flow velocity V i observed by each pressure sensor, according to the formula Calculate the vertical average velocity;
式中：为垂线平均流速；H为垂线处测量时水深，即测量时静水水位与河底高程之差；△hi为第i个传感器与第i-1个传感器的安装间距。In the formula: is the average flow velocity of the vertical line; H is the water depth when measured at the vertical line, that is, the difference between the still water level and the river bottom elevation at the time of measurement; △h i is the installation distance between the i-th sensor and the i-1-th sensor.
优选的，所述河流是天然河流、渠道、湖泊或水库任一水体。Preferably, the river is any water body of a natural river, channel, lake or reservoir.
优选的，所述代表垂线是指与测量断面平均流速相关的测速垂线。Preferably, the representative vertical line refers to the velocity measurement vertical line related to the average flow velocity of the measurement section.
优选的，所述压力传感器包括但不限于压阻式传感器和气泡式传感器，其中，压阻式传感器表面为进水孔表面，气泡式传感器表面为气室与水体交界面。Preferably, the pressure sensor includes but not limited to a piezoresistive sensor and an air bubble sensor, wherein the surface of the piezoresistive sensor is the surface of the water inlet hole, and the surface of the air bubble sensor is the interface between the air chamber and the water body.
优选的，所述水文观测平台指刻有水尺刻度的垂直杆式建筑物。Preferably, the hydrological observation platform refers to a vertical pole-shaped building engraved with water scale scales.
优选的，所述静水水位观测指满足国家《水位观测标准》，且经率定验证的水位观测方法，包括但不限于水尺或电子水尺、浮子式水位计、雷达水位计方法观测。Preferably, the static water level observation refers to a water level observation method that meets the national "Water Level Observation Standard" and has been verified by calibration, including but not limited to water gauge or electronic water gauge, float water level gauge, and radar water level gauge method.
优选的，所述压力传感器观测动水水位，指由各压力传感器施测的圧强Pi，由计算压力传感器处水深，再加上压力传感器安装高程获得Zi＝Zi0+hi；Preferably, the dynamic water level observed by the pressure sensor refers to the pressure P i measured by each pressure sensor, which is determined by Calculate the water depth at the pressure sensor, plus the installation elevation of the pressure sensor to obtain Z i =Z i0 +h i ;
式中：ρ为河流水的密度，hi为第i个压力传感器测量水深,Zi0为第i个压力传感器安装高程。In the formula: ρ is the density of river water, h i is the water depth measured by the i-th pressure sensor, Z i0 is the installation elevation of the i-th pressure sensor.
与现有技术相比，本发明具备以下有益效果：Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
1)该方法不受河流的水流及河道冲淤变化影响，能使测速垂线定位更准确、稳定，提高测速代表垂线的精度；1) This method is not affected by changes in river flow and river scouring and silting, can make the positioning of the vertical line of speed measurement more accurate and stable, and improve the accuracy of the representative vertical line of speed measurement;
2)该方法能有效减少河底和水面的流速测量盲区，避免因水中物质与水流运动不同速度导致的流速测量失真问题，提高河流流量测量的精度。2) This method can effectively reduce the blind area of flow velocity measurement on the river bottom and water surface, avoid the distortion of flow velocity measurement caused by the different speeds of water substances and water flow, and improve the accuracy of river flow measurement.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明基于压力传感器的河流代表垂线流速分布实时在线测量方法原理图；Fig. 1 is the principle diagram of the real-time online measurement method of the river representative vertical flow velocity distribution based on the pressure sensor in the present invention;
图2是本发明中压力传感器布置示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of pressure sensors in the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
如图1所示：一种河流代表垂线流速分布实时在线测量方法，该在线测量方法包括如下步骤：As shown in Figure 1: a real-time on-line measurement method of a river representative vertical flow velocity distribution, the on-line measurement method includes the following steps:
1)布置代表垂线压力传感器。依据代表垂线处建立的水文观测平台，在平行于水流流线一测，从最高水位至河底按一定间距布置多个压力传感器，并确保压力传感器固定牢固。1) The arrangement represents the vertical pressure sensor. According to the hydrological observation platform established at the representative vertical line, a number of pressure sensors are arranged at a certain distance from the highest water level to the bottom of the river, and the pressure sensors are fixed firmly.
2)观测压力传感器表面水流流速。依据流体力学伯努利方程的原理，由各压力传感器观测动水水位Zi，结合垂线处静水水位观测Z0，计算各个压力传感器的动静水水位差△Hi＝Z0-Zi，由各压力传感器的动静水水位差计算压力传感器表面水流流速 2) Observe the water velocity on the surface of the pressure sensor. According to the principle of the Bernoulli equation of fluid mechanics, each pressure sensor observes the dynamic water level Z i , combined with the observation of the static water level Z 0 at the vertical line, calculates the dynamic and static water level difference of each pressure sensor △H i =Z 0 -Z i , Calculate the surface water flow velocity of the pressure sensor from the dynamic and static water level difference of each pressure sensor
式中：Zi各压力传感器观测的动水水位，Z0为测量的垂线静水水位，g为重力加速度。In the formula: Z i is the dynamic water level observed by each pressure sensor, Z 0 is the measured vertical static water level, and g is the acceleration of gravity.
3)计算垂线平均流速。依据各压力传感器观测的表面水流流速Vi构成的垂线流速分布，按公式计算垂线平均流速；3) Calculate the vertical average velocity. According to the vertical flow velocity distribution formed by the surface water flow velocity V i observed by each pressure sensor, according to the formula Calculate the vertical average velocity;
式中：为垂线平均流速；H为垂线处测量时水深，即测量时静水水位与河底高程之差；△hi为第i个传感器与第i-1个传感器的安装间距。In the formula: is the average flow velocity of the vertical line; H is the water depth when measured at the vertical line, that is, the difference between the still water level and the river bottom elevation at the time of measurement; △h i is the installation distance between the i-th sensor and the i-1-th sensor.
作为本发明的一种技术优化方案，所述河流包括天然河流、渠道、湖泊、水库等各类水体。As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, the river includes various water bodies such as natural rivers, channels, lakes, and reservoirs.
作为本发明的一种技术优化方案，所述代表垂线指与测量断面平均流速相关的测速垂线，可通过常规流量测量成果经相关分析获取。As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, the representative vertical line refers to the velocity measurement vertical line related to the average flow velocity of the measurement section, which can be obtained through correlation analysis through conventional flow measurement results.
作为本发明的一种技术优化方案，所述压力传感器包括但不限于压阻式传感器、气泡式传感器等形式。压阻式传感器表面为进水孔表面，气泡式传感器表面为气室与水体交界面。As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, the pressure sensor includes but is not limited to piezoresistive sensors, air bubble sensors and other forms. The surface of the piezoresistive sensor is the surface of the water inlet hole, and the surface of the bubble sensor is the interface between the air chamber and the water body.
作为本发明的一种技术优化方案，所述水文观测平台指刻有水尺刻度的垂直杆式建筑物，包括但不限于钢筯混凝土、钢结构、木结构等形式。As a technical optimization solution of the present invention, the hydrological observation platform refers to a vertical pole-type building engraved with water scales, including but not limited to reinforced concrete, steel structures, wood structures and other forms.
请参阅图2所示，作为本发明的一种技术优化方案，所述传感器布置可采用将压力传感器按均匀或非均匀方式安装固定在水文观测平台。压力传感器安装方向须平行于水流，包括但不限于面向河底、面向水面、面向河岸等。Please refer to FIG. 2 , as a technical optimization solution of the present invention, the sensor arrangement can be fixed by installing and fixing the pressure sensor on the hydrological observation platform in a uniform or non-uniform manner. The installation direction of the pressure sensor must be parallel to the water flow, including but not limited to facing the bottom of the river, facing the water surface, facing the river bank, etc.
作为本发明的一种技术优化方案，所述静水水位观测，指满足国家《水位观测标准》，且经率定验证的水位观测方法，包括但不限于水尺或电子水尺、浮子式水位计、雷达水位计等方法观测。As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, the static water level observation refers to a water level observation method that meets the national "Water Level Observation Standard" and has been verified by calibration, including but not limited to water gauges or electronic water gauges, and float-type water level gauges. , radar water level gauge and other methods of observation.
作为本发明的一种技术优化方案，所述压力传感器观测动水水位，指由各压力传感器施测的圧强Pi，由计算压力传感器处水深，再加上压力传感器安装高程获得Zi＝Zi0+hi。式中：ρ为河流水的密度，hi为第i个压力传感器测量水深,Zi0为第i个压力传感器安装高程。As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, the pressure sensor observes the dynamic water level, which refers to the pressure P i measured by each pressure sensor, which is determined by Calculate the water depth at the pressure sensor and add the installation elevation of the pressure sensor to obtain Z i =Z i0 +h i . In the formula: ρ is the density of river water, h i is the water depth measured by the i-th pressure sensor, Z i0 is the installation elevation of the i-th pressure sensor.
作为本发明的一种技术优化方案，所述河流水的密度，指测量时水体密度，受河流泥沙、水质的影响。As a technical optimization scheme of the present invention, the density of the river water refers to the density of the water body at the time of measurement, which is affected by river sediment and water quality.
实施例Example
(1)代表垂线传感器布置(1) represents the layout of the vertical sensor
在水文观测平台平行于水流流线一测，从最高水位至河底按一定间距布置多个压力传感器，压力传感器可按均匀或非均匀方式排列，并确保压力传感器固定牢固，参阅图1。压力传感器安装方向须平行于水流，包括但不限于面向河底、面向水面、面向河岸等，参阅图2。When the hydrological observation platform is parallel to the water flow line, multiple pressure sensors are arranged at a certain distance from the highest water level to the bottom of the river. The pressure sensors can be arranged in a uniform or non-uniform manner, and the pressure sensors must be fixed firmly, see Figure 1. The installation direction of the pressure sensor must be parallel to the water flow, including but not limited to facing the bottom of the river, facing the water surface, facing the river bank, etc., see Figure 2.
水文观测平台指刻有水尺刻度的垂直杆式建筑物，可采用钢筯混凝土、钢结构、木结构等形式建造。The hydrological observation platform refers to a vertical pole-type building engraved with a water gauge scale, which can be constructed in the form of reinforced concrete, steel structure, and wood structure.
(2)传感器表面水流流速观测计算(2) Observation and calculation of water flow velocity on the sensor surface
对于各压力传感器动水水位，由各压力传感器施测的圧强Pi，由计算压力传感器处水深，再加上压力传感器安装高程获得Zi＝Zi0+hi。式中：ρ为河流水的密度，hi为第i个压力传感器测量水深,Zi0为第i个压力传感器安装高程。For the dynamic water level of each pressure sensor, the pressure P i measured by each pressure sensor is given by Calculate the water depth at the pressure sensor and add the installation elevation of the pressure sensor to obtain Z i =Z i0 +h i . In the formula: ρ is the density of river water, h i is the water depth measured by the i-th pressure sensor, Z i0 is the installation elevation of the i-th pressure sensor.
对于垂线处静水水位，采用《水位观测标准》所规定的水位观测方法，包括但不限于水尺或电子水尺、浮子式水位计、雷达水位计等方法，且经率定验证。For the still water level at the vertical line, adopt the water level observation methods stipulated in the "Water Level Observation Standards", including but not limited to water gauge or electronic water gauge, float type water level gauge, radar water level gauge and other methods, and have been verified by calibration.
由各压力传感器观测动水水位Zi，结合垂线处静水水位观测Z0，计算各个压力传感器的动静水水位差△Hi＝Z0-Zi，由各压力传感器的动静水水位差计算压力传感器表面水流流速式中：Zi各压力传感器观测的动水水位，Z0为测量的垂线静水水位，g为重力加速度。Observing the dynamic water level Z i by each pressure sensor, combined with the observation Z 0 of the static water level at the vertical line, calculate the dynamic and static water level difference of each pressure sensor △H i =Z 0 -Z i , calculated from the dynamic and static water level difference of each pressure sensor Pressure sensor surface water velocity In the formula: Z i is the dynamic water level observed by each pressure sensor, Z 0 is the measured vertical static water level, and g is the acceleration of gravity.
(3)垂线平均流速计算(3) Calculation of vertical average velocity
依据各压力传感器观测的表面流速Vi构成的垂线流速分布，按公式计算垂线平均流速。式中：为垂线平均流速；H为垂线处测量时水深，即测量时静水水位与河底高程之差；△hi为第i个传感器与第i-1个传感器的安装间距。According to the vertical flow velocity distribution formed by the surface velocity V i observed by each pressure sensor, according to the formula Calculate the vertical average velocity. In the formula: is the average flow velocity of the vertical line; H is the water depth when measured at the vertical line, that is, the difference between the still water level and the river bottom elevation at the time of measurement; △h i is the installation distance between the i-th sensor and the i-1-th sensor.
对于本领域技术人员而言，显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节，而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下，能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此，无论从哪一点来看，均应将实施例看作是示范性的，而且是非限制性的，本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定，因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。不应将权利要求中的任何附图标记视为限制所涉及的权利要求。It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but that the invention can be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the invention. Accordingly, the embodiments should be regarded in all points of view as exemplary and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and it is therefore intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changes within the meaning and range of equivalents of the elements are embraced in the present invention. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
此外，应当理解，虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述，但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案，说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见，本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体，各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合，形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。In addition, it should be understood that although this specification is described according to implementation modes, not each implementation mode only contains an independent technical solution, and this description in the specification is only for clarity, and those skilled in the art should take the specification as a whole , the technical solutions in the various embodiments can also be properly combined to form other implementations that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
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