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CN110296975B - Rapid detection spectrum system for macroscopic parameters of energetic material - Google Patents

Rapid detection spectrum system for macroscopic parameters of energetic material Download PDF

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CN110296975B
CN110296975B CN201910652633.3A CN201910652633A CN110296975B CN 110296975 B CN110296975 B CN 110296975B CN 201910652633 A CN201910652633 A CN 201910652633A CN 110296975 B CN110296975 B CN 110296975B
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刘瑞斌
王宪双
李昂泽
郭伟
姚裕贵
邹炳锁
张同来
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Beijing Institute of Technology BIT
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    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种含能材料宏观参数快速检测光谱系统，属于含能材料检测领域。该系统将激光脉冲作用于含能材料，诱导爆轰，通过微区光谱和动态光谱图像获取宏观爆轰参数，利用激光诱导爆轰微区光谱技术实现爆炸参数快速智能测量，并可同步获取组分和爆炸参数等的定量关系，为含能材料性能改进提供依据。该装置包括LIPS光源、LIPS光谱收集系统、激光外差干涉测速模块、气体检测模块、动态图像采集模块、电动三维台。本发明通过智能算法建立激光光谱与炸药参数间的关系，实现爆炸参数快速检测和效能分析。该测试系统体积小、集成度以及工业化程度高、可获取信息种类多，对于含能材料的研究及产物分析具有重大意义。

Figure 201910652633

The invention relates to a rapid detection spectrum system for macroscopic parameters of energetic materials, and belongs to the field of detection of energetic materials. The system applies laser pulses to energetic materials to induce detonation, obtains macroscopic detonation parameters through micro-spectroscopy and dynamic spectral images, and uses laser-induced detonation micro-spectroscopy technology to achieve rapid and intelligent measurement of detonation parameters. Quantitative relationship between the fraction and explosion parameters, etc., provides a basis for the improvement of the performance of energetic materials. The device includes a LIPS light source, a LIPS spectrum collection system, a laser heterodyne interferometric velocimetry module, a gas detection module, a dynamic image acquisition module, and an electric three-dimensional stage. The invention establishes the relationship between the laser spectrum and the explosive parameters through the intelligent algorithm, and realizes the rapid detection and efficiency analysis of the explosive parameters. The test system is small in size, high in integration and industrialization, and can obtain various types of information, which is of great significance for the research and product analysis of energetic materials.

Figure 201910652633

Description

Rapid detection spectrum system for macroscopic parameters of energetic material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a rapid detection spectrum system for macroscopic parameters of an energetic material, and belongs to the field of energetic material detection.
Background
At present, novel high-performance energetic materials continuously emerge, different energetic materials need to be reasonably evaluated by detecting the explosion performance of the materials, the research means of the structure-activity relationship of the energetic materials is few at present, scientific instruments are absent, the research requirements of safe production and the materials are considered, the measurement and analysis of the energetic materials need a new method and a new device for rapid and real-time consumption of trace samples, and the wide requirements of rapid detection of explosive parameters and structure-activity relationship research are met. The basic parameters and information obtained by the interaction of laser and trace explosives are a good technical choice: therefore, higher requirements are provided for evaluation and research means of energetic materials and explosives, and a detection technology which is quicker, safe, reliable, simple and feasible is urgently needed to support rapid detection, performance evaluation and mechanism research of various energetic materials so as to fill up the industrial blank.
The macroscopic indexes measured in the invention comprise explosion velocity, laser sensitivity and element types and contents in the sample. The device comprises an igniter, a semi-closed exploder, a pressure relief sheet and other accessories, and a certain amount of tested propellant powder and an igniter charge are loaded into the semi-closed exploder with a copper sheet pressure relief sheet at the end port during the experiment. The semi-closed exploder is a test system for researching the pressure change rule of gunpowder when burning under the constant volume condition. The prior art method for measuring macroscopic performance parameters needs a large amount of samples and is completed by artificial explosion. The cost is extremely high, the controllability is poor, and the risk is strong; therefore, a rapid, safe and intelligent explosive evaluation and analysis system is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems that the performance evaluation of the existing high-performance energetic material needs a large amount of manual intervention of samples for measuring macroscopic indexes such as explosion speed, sensitivity and the like, and has high risk, poor controllability, low detection accuracy and the like, and provides a rapid detection spectrum system for macroscopic parameters of the energetic material.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The system for rapidly detecting the macroscopic parameters of the energetic material comprises: the device comprises an LIPS light source, a closed air chamber, an LIPS spectrum collection system, a laser heterodyne interference speed measurement module, a gas detection module and a dynamic image acquisition module; the whole system is supposed to integrate all modules, and the relation between the laser spectrum and the explosive parameters is established through an intelligent algorithm, so that the rapid detection and the efficiency analysis of macroscopic performance parameters are realized.
Connection relation: a fifth laser window lens is arranged on the left side of the closed gas chamber and made of fused quartz, the transmission spectrum range is 190nm-2400nm, the position of a laser spot is positioned in the center of fused quartz glass, a focusing lens is arranged in front of a sample, and LIPS light source beams are focused on the sample to generate plasma; a sample is placed on an electric three-dimensional platform, the electric three-dimensional platform and the LIPS light source synchronously work, and the electric three-dimensional platform and the LIPS light source are triggered by one channel of a delay pulse generator; the LIBS spectrum collection system is connected with the Z-axis direction of the closed air chamber through a flange plate and comprises a double-lens collection mirror group, an optical fiber, a spectrometer and a computer. A dynamic image acquisition module is arranged in the positive X-axis direction of the closed air chamber, a third window lens is arranged on the surface of the closed air chamber in the positive X-axis direction, and an ICCD24 is used for acquiring dynamic images; the laser heterodyne interference speed measurement method is characterized in that a laser heterodyne interference speed measurement module is arranged in the negative X-axis direction of a closed air chamber, the incident direction of a 632.8nm laser is the positive X-axis direction, a first half-mirror is arranged in front of the laser, a laser beam is divided into two vertical beams, one beam is a detection light, the other beam is a reference light, an avalanche diode is added at the position where the detection light and the reference light are converged, and the signal of the avalanche diode is connected into an oscilloscope. The gas detection module is externally connected with a vacuum six-way flange detection cavity, the detection cavity is formed by splicing the vacuum six-way flanges, the length of the detection cavity can be changed according to requirements, one detection cavity is provided with an electrochemical gas sensing array module, sensors are annularly arranged in a flange plate, and the flange plate can be connected with the vacuum six-way flange; the sample chamber is connected with the molecular pump through a stainless steel vacuum tube, a pressure gauge and a vacuum valve are arranged on the vacuum tube, the vacuum degree of the whole device can be observed and controlled, the lower part of the sample chamber is provided with an air inlet, and the upper part of the sample chamber is provided with an air outlet which can be used for discharging gas products; the gas sensor is externally connected with a display screen and used for displaying the gas concentration in real time.
The LIPS spectrum collection system collects plasma induced by LIPS light source irradiating on a sample in real time, then the plasma is coupled into an optical fiber through a double-lens collection mirror group, and the optical fiber is transmitted to a spectrometer to obtain a spectrum, so that the content of elements in the sample is quantitatively analyzed;
the double-lens collecting lens group is connected by adopting a dragon type structure;
the sealed gas chamber is filled with sample, vacuum space, and protective gas such as He and N2Ar, protecting the sample;
the laser heterodyne interference speed measurement module is used for indirectly measuring the speed of laser induced shock waves by measuring the shock wave disturbance on the surface of a sample after the LIPS light source acts on the energetic material;
the heterodyne interference speed measurement module comprises a 632.8nm laser which is synchronously triggered with the LIPS light source, and 2 mu s delay time is set between the two lasers so as to ensure that the 632.8nm laser acts on the shock wave disturbance of the plasma after the LIPS light source acts on a sample to generate the plasma;
the dynamic image acquisition module comprises an ICCD (integrated compact disc), can realize high-resolution image display of laser-induced plasma wing and sample ablation conditions, so as to perform nanosecond-level time-resolved image display of substance plasma, and is used with a laser heterodyne interference speed measurement module to measure the laser-induced shock wave speed so as to obtain detonation velocity information;
the airtight air chamber is the square structure who has transparent window, and transparent window includes: a first window lens, a second window lens, a third window lens, a fourth window lens and a fifth window lens; the sample is fixedly arranged on the electric three-dimensional table; the LIPS light source irradiates the surface of the sample through a fifth window lens and a focusing lens; the second reflector reflects the 632.8nm laser beam acting on the disturbance to the second half-mirror; the second half mirror has two functions, wherein the first function is to transmit the light reflected by the second mirror to the avalanche diode with the rising edge of 30ps ultrafast response after transmitting the light, record voltage signals, and the light path of the light is signal light, and the second function is to reflect the 632.8nm laser to the first mirror through the first half mirror, then to the second half mirror, and then to the avalanche diode, and the light is used as reference light;
the gas detection module includes: the device comprises a stainless steel vacuum tube, a vacuum valve, a gas pressure gauge, an electrochemical gas sensing array module and a vacuum six-way flange detection cavity; the closed air chamber is connected with the molecular pump through a stainless steel vacuum tube, a pressure gauge and a vacuum valve are arranged on the vacuum tube, the vacuum degree of the whole device can be observed and controlled, an air inlet is arranged at the lower part of the sample chamber, an air outlet is arranged at the upper part of the sample chamber, and the sample chamber can be used for exhausting gas products;
the electrochemical sensor is not triggered to work, but is turned on at the beginning of the test, so that the sensor is always in a working state;
the intelligent algorithm is based on partial differential least squares (PLS) combined with a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model, improves detection precision and measurement repeatability by utilizing wavelet transformation and a neural network algorithm, reduces detection limit, extracts effective spectral data characteristic quantity by utilizing machine learning and an artificial intelligent algorithm (an artificial neural network and a tree algorithm), establishes the relation between a laser spectrum and explosive parameters (element content and macroscopic detonation parameters), calculates by using a first principle and corrects the data model by using a C-J equation, and obtains a reasonable detonation velocity and sensitivity prediction algorithm;
the detection process is as follows:
the first step is as follows: opening the vacuum valve, starting the molecular pump to pump vacuum, and displaying the current vacuum degree of 10 by the gas pressure gauge- 3When pa, the vacuum valve and the molecular pump are closed, and the whole system can keep the current vacuum degree for 2 hours;
the second step is that: turning on a delay pulse generator, an LIPS light source, a 632.8nm laser, an ICCD, an avalanche diode, an oscilloscope, an electrochemical gas sensing array module and an electric three-dimensional platform, adjusting the delay pulse generator to be in an internal trigger mode, and adjusting the rest instruments to be in an external trigger mode;
the third step: starting a delay pulse generator, and enabling an LIPS light source to emit a beam of pulse laser to vertically hit the surface of a sample to generate plasma and a sample decomposition product;
the fourth step: measuring the state of the energetic material under different energies by adjusting the LIPS light source energy; the plasma light is received by the double-lens collection mirror group and transmitted to the spectrograph through the optical fiber, and real-time spectrum display is obtained on the computer. Meanwhile, the ICCD in the dynamic image acquisition module starts to work to shoot laser plasma wings in different time states, computer image display is carried out, and the excitation state is analyzed. The gas sensing module is always in a working state, the types and the concentrations of gases at different positions are respectively recorded, and the laser heterodyne interference module measures shock wave disturbance;
the fifth step: and analyzing the acquired spectral data, plasma images, oscilloscope data and the state of the energetic material under different energies to obtain the content of energetic material elements, the types of energetic material elements, the explosion velocity of the energetic material, the laser sensitivity of the energetic material and the time-resolved gas product of the energetic material.
Advantageous effects
1. According to the invention, the LIPS light source acts on the energetic material to induce detonation, the macroscopic detonation parameters are obtained through the micro-region spectrum and the dynamic spectrum image, the rapid and intelligent measurement of the explosion parameters is realized by utilizing the laser-induced detonation micro-region spectrum technology, the quantitative relation between the components and the explosion parameters can be synchronously obtained, and a basis is provided for the performance improvement of the energetic material. The system integrates an LIPS spectrum collection system, a gas detection module, a laser heterodyne interference speed measurement module and the like, and establishes the relation between the laser spectrum and the explosive parameters through an intelligent algorithm to realize the rapid detection and the efficiency analysis of the explosive parameters. The novel method and the intelligent test analysis system are simple, easy, safe and reliable and are provided for the research and parameter test of energetic materials.
2. According to the system for rapidly detecting and analyzing the macroscopic performance parameters of the energetic material based on the micro-area laser induced detonation spectroscopy technology, the vacuum flange is used as a device component, the research on the gas product of the energetic material under high vacuum degree can be realized, the assembling characteristic of the experimental device is increased, the experimental device can be improved according to specific experimental requirements, and the application is wider.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system for rapidly detecting macroscopic performance parameters of energetic materials based on micro-region laser-induced detonation spectroscopy technology according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a gas detection module;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a laser heterodyne interferometric velocity module;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a LIPS spectral collection system;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a closed gas cell;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dynamic image acquisition module.
Wherein, 1-stainless steel vacuum tube, 2-vacuum valve, 3-gas pressure gauge, 4-electrochemical gas sensing array module, 5-vacuum six-way flange detection cavity, 6-first module cavity, 7-632.8nm laser, 8-first semi-transparent semi-reflecting mirror, 9-first reflecting mirror, 10-second module cavity, 11-double lens collecting mirror group, 12-spectrometer, 13-airtight gas chamber, 14 first window lens, 15-electric three-dimensional stage, 16-second reflector, 17-second window lens, 18-third window lens, 19-avalanche diode, 20-second half-mirror, 21-fourth window lens, 22-fifth window lens, 23-focusing lens, 24-ICCD, 25-LIPS light source.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1
The system for rapidly detecting the macroscopic parameters of the energetic material comprises: the device comprises an LIPS light source 1, a closed air chamber 2, an LIPS spectrum collection system 3, a laser heterodyne interference speed measurement module 4, a gas detection module 5 and a dynamic image acquisition module 6; the whole system is supposed to integrate all modules, and the relation between the laser spectrum and the explosive parameters is established through an intelligent algorithm, so that the rapid detection and the efficiency analysis of macroscopic performance parameters are realized.
Connection relation: on the left side of the closed gas cell is a fifth window 22, the laser spot is located in the center of the window, a focusing lens 23 is placed in front of the sample to focus the LIPS light source 25 beam on the sample to generate plasma. The sample is placed on an electric three-dimensional table 15, works synchronously with an LIPS light source, and is connected with an LIBS spectrum collection system through a flange plate in the Z-axis direction of a closed air chamber, wherein the system comprises a double-lens collection mirror group 11, a spectrometer 12, an optical fiber and a computer. A dynamic image acquisition module is arranged in the positive X-axis direction of the closed air chamber, a third window lens 18 is arranged on the surface of the closed air chamber in the positive X-axis direction, and an ICCD24 is used for acquiring dynamic images; the laser heterodyne interference speed measurement module is arranged in the negative X-axis direction of the closed gas chamber, the incident direction of the laser is the positive X-axis direction, the first half-mirror 8 is arranged in front of the laser, the laser beam is divided into two vertical beams, one beam is a detection beam and the other beam is a reference beam, the avalanche diode 19 is added at the convergence position of the detection beam and the reference beam, and the signal of the detector is connected into the oscilloscope. The electrochemical gas sensor array module 4 is externally connected with a vacuum six-way flange detection cavity 5, the length of the detection cavity can be changed according to requirements, sensors in the electrochemical gas sensor array module are annularly arranged in a flange plate, and the flange plate can be connected with a vacuum six-way flange; the sample chamber is connected with the molecular pump through a stainless steel vacuum tube 1, a pressure gauge 3 and a vacuum valve 2 are arranged on the vacuum tube, the vacuum degree of the whole device can be observed and controlled, the lower part of the sample chamber is provided with an air inlet, and the upper part of the sample chamber is provided with an air outlet, so that gas products can be discharged; the electrochemical gas sensing array module is externally connected with a display screen and is used for displaying the gas concentration in real time. The instrument timing control is performed by a time delay pulse generator.
The sample chamber is a closed chamber, and the volume of the sample chamber is 300mm multiplied by 400 mm; the device is provided with a flow meter and a pressure gauge, and can be used for measuring laser-induced plasma spectra in different buffer gases and pressure environments;
the electric three-dimensional table is placed in the closed air chamber, a sample table with an aluminum plate as a base is placed on the translation table, and a sample is placed on the sample table;
the laser window is made of fused quartz, and the transmitted spectral range can reach 190nm-2400 nm;
the outer size of the vacuum six-way flange detection cavity is a cube with the side length of 100mm, and the inner part of the vacuum six-way flange detection cavity is a cylindrical ventilation pipeline with the diameter of 50mm and the length of 50 mm;
the rotating speed of the molecular pump can reach nine ten thousand revolutions, and the vacuum degree of the sample chamber can be pumped to 10-3Pa, after the vacuum valve is closed, the whole device can keep the current vacuum degree for 2 h;
the time sequence control of the instrument is carried out through a delay pulse generator, four channels of the delay pulse generator are respectively connected with an LIPS light source, a spectrometer in an LIPS spectrum collection system, a 632.8nm laser in a laser heterodyne interference speed measurement module and a dynamic image acquisition module, a trigger signal is TTL, the load is 50 ohms, and the delay between the LIPS light source and the spectrometer is set to be 190 microseconds;
the avalanche diode is connected with a power supply for amplifying an electric signal, and the power supply is direct current 5V. Inputting the signal of the avalanche diode to an oscilloscope by using a BNC wire for displaying;
the ICCD camera for collecting the dynamic images adopts an external trigger mode, the resolution is 1024 multiplied by 256, the minimum set gate width is 2ns, and the ICCD camera is controlled and integrated by software, so that the high-resolution image display of the laser-induced plasma wing and the sample ablation condition can be realized, and the nanosecond-level time resolution image display of the material plasma can be realized;
the LIPS light source adopts Nd: YAG pulse laser with laser wavelength of 1064nm and pulse width of 7ns and single pulse laser energy of 50-250mJ @1064 nm. The high-resolution spectrometer system comprises a CCD detector, a blazed grating, a pulse trigger circuit, a signal receiving circuit and spectrometer software. The spectral range is 180nm-980nm, the resolution is less than 0.1nm, the minimum gate width integral setting time is 1ms, and the delay is adjustable.
The working process is as follows: placing the sample on an electric three-dimensional table with a closed air chamber of 300mm multiplied by 400mm, opening the vacuum valve 2, starting the molecular pump to vacuumize, and displaying that the current vacuum degree is 10 when the pressure gauge 10 displays that the current vacuum degree is 10-3pa, the vacuum valve 2 and the molecular pump are closed, and the whole system can keep the current vacuum degree for 2 hours. Opening a delay pulse generator, adjusting the trigger mode of an instrument to an internal trigger mode, wherein the frequency is 1Hz, 4 channels of the delay pulse generator are respectively connected with an LIPS light source, a 632.8nm laser, a spectrometer and an ICCD, an electric platform trigger line is connected to the LIPS light source trigger line by a tee joint, the two instruments are synchronously triggered, the LIPS light source adopts high-level triggering, and an electric three-dimensional platform adopts low-level triggering to ensure the coordinated operation of the machine; wherein the 632.8nm laser power is 20mW, and the LIPS light source adopts Nd: YAG pulse laser with laser wavelength of 1064nm and pulse width of 7 ns. The laser light passes through a fifth window lens 22 at the right side of the sample chamber and is convergedAnd a mirror 23 which is vertically incident on the sample, wherein the position of the converging lens 23 is adjusted to ensure that the laser is just focused on the sample, and the sample is decomposed or excited by heat to generate a gas product. Gas products are gradually diffused into the detection cavity formed by connecting the vacuum six-way flanges on the right side of the closed air chamber through diffusion movement, an electrochemical gas sensor is arranged between every two adjacent vacuum six-way flange detection cavities 5, and a response signal of the electrochemical gas sensor array is recorded and displayed by a computer. The sensor modules continuously diffusing gas respond in sequence, and the record shows that the response time of the first group of sensor modules is t1, the response time of the second group of sensor modules is t2, and the distance between the two groups of sensor modules is L1, so that the diffusion speed is
Figure BDA0002135747520000071
Besides, the specific composition and concentration information of the gas product can be qualitatively and quantitatively obtained through the type of the responding electrochemical sensor. The LIPS light source is focused on a sample to generate plasma, the plasma spectrum is collected through a double-lens collection mirror group 11 and transmitted to a spectrometer 12 through an optical fiber to obtain a spectrogram, and the element types and the element contents in the spectrum are obtained through an algorithm; the laser emitted by the 632.8nm laser in the synchronously-started laser heterodyne interference velocity measurement module irradiates the shock wave disturbance of the plasma, is reflected to the second half mirror through the second reflecting mirror 16, transmits the signal light to the avalanche diode 19, and reflects the other beam of reference light to the first reflecting mirror 9 through the first half mirror 8, then reflects the reference light to the second half mirror 20, and reflects the reference light to the avalanche diode 19. Finally, the reference light and the signal light are received by the avalanche diode and displayed on an oscilloscope; the dynamic acquisition module is used together with the LIPS technology and the laser heterodyne interference technology to measure the laser induced shock wave speed, so that detonation speed information is obtained.
The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.含能材料宏观参数快速检测光谱系统，其特征在于该系统包括：LIPS光源、密闭气室、LIPS光谱收集系统、激光外差干涉测速模块、气体检测模块和动态图像采集模块；整个系统拟集成各个模块，通过智能算法建立激光光谱与炸药参数间的关系，实现宏观性能参数快速检测和效能分析；1. Rapid detection spectroscopy system for macroscopic parameters of energetic materials, it is characterized in that this system comprises: LIPS light source, airtight air chamber, LIPS spectrum collection system, laser heterodyne interferometry velocimetry module, gas detection module and dynamic image acquisition module; Integrate various modules, establish the relationship between laser spectrum and explosive parameters through intelligent algorithms, and realize rapid detection and efficiency analysis of macroscopic performance parameters; LIPS光源激光照射到密闭气室的样品上诱导出等离子体，所述等离子体被LIPS光谱收集系统采集，测得含能材料中元素种类及含量；同步开启的激光外差干涉测速模块中的632.8nm激光器发出的激光照射到所述等离子体上，冲击波扰动信号被激光外差干涉测速模块采集，结合动态图像采集模块测得爆速；密闭气室的负Y轴方向为LIPS光源，密闭气室的正Y轴方向为气体检测模块；气体检测模块在正Y 轴方向管路上集成多种电化学传感器阵列，完成气体成分分析以及气体扩散速度慢过程分析，实现气体产物及颗粒产物的成分、浓度、产生时序以及扩散情况的一体化快速检测；动态图像采集模块用于采集图像；通过调节LIPS光源能量结合密闭气室，测得不同能量下含能材料的状态，最终得出激光感度；The LIPS light source laser irradiates the sample in the airtight chamber to induce plasma, and the plasma is collected by the LIPS spectrum collection system to measure the types and contents of elements in the energetic materials; the 632.8 The laser emitted by the nm laser is irradiated on the plasma, and the shock wave disturbance signal is collected by the laser heterodyne interferometric velocimetry module, and combined with the dynamic image acquisition module to measure the detonation velocity; the negative Y-axis direction of the airtight air chamber is the LIPS light source, and the The positive Y-axis direction is the gas detection module; the gas detection module integrates a variety of electrochemical sensor arrays on the pipeline in the positive Y-axis direction to complete gas composition analysis and gas diffusion slow process analysis, and realize the composition, concentration, Integrated rapid detection of time sequence and diffusion; dynamic image acquisition module is used to collect images; by adjusting the energy of the LIPS light source combined with the airtight air chamber, the state of energetic materials at different energies is measured, and the laser sensitivity is finally obtained; 所述密闭气室为带有透明窗口镜片的方形结构，透明窗口镜片包括：第一窗口镜片、第二窗口镜片、第三窗口镜片、第四窗口镜片和第五窗口镜片；样品固定安装在电动三维平台上；LIPS光源发射的激光经过第五窗口镜片再经过聚焦透镜照射到含能材料表面；第二反射镜能够将作用在冲击波扰动上的632.8nm激光器光束反射到第二半透半反镜上；第二半透半反镜有两个作用，第一是将第二反射镜反射的光透过之后传输到上升沿30ps超快响应的雪崩二极管，记录电压信号，这一束光路为信号光；第二是将激光外差干涉测速模块中的参考光通过第一半透半反镜将632.8nm激光反射到第一反射镜，再由第一反射镜反射到第二半透半反镜上，反射回雪崩二极管之中；所述参考光是由激光外差干涉测速模块中的632.8nm激光器发出的；密闭气室下部有进气口，上部有出气口，用于排除气体产物；所述密闭气室腔体为真空空间，充保护气体；The airtight air chamber is a square structure with a transparent window lens, and the transparent window lens includes: a first window lens, a second window lens, a third window lens, a fourth window lens and a fifth window lens; the sample is fixedly installed on the motorized lens. On a three-dimensional platform; the laser emitted by the LIPS light source passes through the fifth window lens and then passes through the focusing lens to irradiate the surface of the energetic material; the second mirror can reflect the 632.8nm laser beam acting on the shock wave disturbance to the second half mirror On; the second half mirror has two functions, the first is to transmit the light reflected by the second mirror to the avalanche diode with an ultra-fast response of 30ps on the rising edge, and record the voltage signal, this beam path is the signal The second is to reflect the reference light in the laser heterodyne interferometric velocimetry module through the first half mirror to reflect the 632.8nm laser to the first mirror, and then the first mirror to reflect to the second half mirror The reference light is emitted by the 632.8nm laser in the laser heterodyne interferometric velocimetry module; the airtight air chamber has an air inlet at the lower part and an air outlet at the upper part, which is used to remove gas products; The airtight air chamber cavity is a vacuum space filled with protective gas; 所述密闭气室的左侧为第五窗口镜片，材质为熔融石英，透过光谱范围为190nm-2400nm，激光器光斑的位置位于熔融石英玻璃的中心，在样品的前方放置一个聚焦透镜，将LIPS光源光束聚集在样品上，产生等离子体；样品放置在电动三维台上，电动三维台与LIPS光源进行同步工作，电动三维台与LIPS光源由延时脉冲发生器的一个通道进行触发；在密闭气室的Z轴方向，通过法兰盘连接LIBS光谱收集系统，该系统包括双透镜收集镜组，光谱仪，光纤，电脑；在密闭气室的正X轴方向为动态图像采集模块，密闭气室的正X轴方向的面上装有第三窗口镜片，用ICCD采集动态图像；在密闭气室的负X轴方向为激光外差干涉测速模块，632.8nm激光器的入射方向为X轴正方向，在激光器的前方装有第一半透半反镜，将激光束分为垂直的两束，一束为探测光一束为参考光，在探测光和参考光汇聚的地方加上雪崩二极管，将雪崩二极管的信号接入示波器；气体检测模块中真空六通法兰检测腔由真空六通法兰拼接而成，根据需求改变其长度，一个检测腔装有电化学传感器阵列模块，传感器呈环形排列置于法兰盘内，法兰盘与真空六通法兰相连接；样品室通过不锈钢真空管与分子泵相连，真空管上装有压力表和真空阀，观察和控制整个装置的真空度，样品室下部有进气口，上部有出气口，用于排除气体产物；气体传感器外接显示屏，用于实时显示气体浓度。The left side of the airtight air chamber is the fifth window lens, which is made of fused silica, with a transmission spectral range of 190nm-2400nm. The position of the laser spot is located in the center of the fused silica glass. A focusing lens is placed in front of the sample, and the LIPS The light source beam is concentrated on the sample to generate plasma; the sample is placed on the electric 3D stage, the electric 3D stage and the LIPS light source work synchronously, and the electric 3D stage and the LIPS light source are triggered by a channel of the delay pulse generator; The Z-axis direction of the chamber is connected to the LIBS spectrum collection system through the flange, which includes a double-lens collection mirror group, a spectrometer, an optical fiber, and a computer; the positive X-axis direction of the airtight air chamber is a dynamic image acquisition module. A third window lens is installed on the surface of the positive X-axis direction, and dynamic images are collected by ICCD; the negative X-axis direction of the airtight air chamber is a laser heterodyne interferometric velocimetry module, and the incident direction of the 632.8nm laser is the positive direction of the X-axis. A first semi-transparent mirror is installed in front of the laser beam, which divides the laser beam into two vertical beams, one is the detection light and the other is the reference light, and an avalanche diode is added where the detection light and the reference light converge, and the avalanche diode The signal is connected to the oscilloscope; the vacuum six-way flange detection cavity in the gas detection module is formed by splicing vacuum six-way flanges, and its length can be changed according to requirements. One detection cavity is equipped with an electrochemical sensor array module, and the sensors are arranged in a circular arrangement. In the flange plate, the flange plate is connected with the vacuum six-way flange; the sample chamber is connected with the molecular pump through a stainless steel vacuum tube. The vacuum tube is equipped with a pressure gauge and a vacuum valve to observe and control the vacuum degree of the whole device. The lower part of the sample chamber has an intake air There is a gas outlet on the upper part, which is used to remove gas products; the gas sensor is connected to a display screen for real-time display of gas concentration. 2.如权利要求1所述的含能材料宏观参数快速检测光谱系统，其特征在于：所述LIPS光谱收集系统实时采集激光照射在样品上诱导出的等离子体，然后通过双透镜收集镜组耦合到光纤中，再传输到光谱仪当中获取光谱，对样品元素含量进行定量分析。2. The spectroscopic system for rapid detection of macroscopic parameters of energetic materials as claimed in claim 1, wherein the LIPS spectrum collection system collects the plasma induced by laser irradiation on the sample in real time, and then couples through the double-lens collection mirror group It is transmitted to the optical fiber, and then transmitted to the spectrometer to obtain the spectrum, and quantitatively analyze the element content of the sample. 3.如权利要求2所述的含能材料宏观参数快速检测光谱系统，其特征在于：所述双透镜收集镜组采用笼式结构进行连接。3 . The rapid detection spectroscopy system for macroscopic parameters of energetic materials according to claim 2 , wherein the double-lens collecting mirror group is connected by a cage structure. 4 . 4.如权利要求1所述的含能材料宏观参数快速检测光谱系统，其特征在于：所述外差干涉测速模块中包括632.8nm激光器，与LIPS光源同步触发，两束激光器之间设置2µs延迟时间，以保证632.8nm激光器在LIPS光源作用到样品上产生等离子体之后作用在等离子体的冲击波扰动上。4. The spectroscopic system for rapidly detecting macroscopic parameters of energetic materials according to claim 1, wherein the heterodyne interferometric velocimetry module comprises a 632.8nm laser, which is triggered synchronously with the LIPS light source, and a 2µs delay is set between the two laser beams time to ensure that the 632.8 nm laser acts on the shock wave disturbance of the plasma after the LIPS light source acts on the sample to generate the plasma. 5.如权利要求1所述的含能材料宏观参数快速检测光谱系统，其特征在于：所述智能算法是采用基于偏微分最小二乘法结合主成分分析模型，利用小波变换及神经网络算法提升检测精度和测量重复性，利用机器学习、人工智能算法提取有效的光谱数据特征量，建立激光光谱与炸药参数间的联系。5. The spectroscopic system for fast detection of macroscopic parameters of energetic materials as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the intelligent algorithm adopts the method based on partial differential least squares combined with principal component analysis model, and utilizes wavelet transform and neural network algorithm to improve detection Accuracy and measurement repeatability, use machine learning and artificial intelligence algorithms to extract effective spectral data feature quantities, and establish the relationship between laser spectra and explosive parameters. 6.采用如权利要求5所述的光谱系统进行检测的方法，其特征在于：6. adopt the method for detecting by spectroscopic system as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: 第一步：将真空阀打开，开启分子泵抽真空，当压力表显示当前真空度为10-3pa时关闭真空阀和分子泵，此时整个系统可保持当前真空度达2个小时；Step 1: Open the vacuum valve, turn on the molecular pump to evacuate, and close the vacuum valve and molecular pump when the pressure gauge shows that the current vacuum degree is 10 -3 Pa. At this time, the entire system can maintain the current vacuum degree for 2 hours; 第二步：启动延时脉冲发生器、LIPS光源、632.8nm激光器、ICCD、雪崩二极管、示波器、气体传感器阵列、电动三维台，将延时脉冲发生器调节为内触发模式，其余仪器均调节为外触发模式；Step 2: Start the delay pulse generator, LIPS light source, 632.8nm laser, ICCD, avalanche diode, oscilloscope, gas sensor array, and electric three-dimensional stage, adjust the delay pulse generator to the internal trigger mode, and adjust the rest of the instruments to External trigger mode; 第三步：启动延时脉冲发生器，LIPS光源发射一束脉冲激光，垂直打到样品表面，产生等离子体及样品分解产物；The third step: start the delay pulse generator, the LIPS light source emits a pulsed laser, which hits the surface of the sample vertically to generate plasma and sample decomposition products; 第四步：双透镜收集镜组接收等离子体光通过光纤传输到光谱仪，并在计算机上获得实时光谱显示；同时动态图像采集模块当中的ICCD开始工作拍摄不同时间状态的激光等离子体羽翼，进行计算机图像显示，分析激发状态；气体传感模块一直处于工作状态，分别记录不同位置的气体种类及浓度，激光外差干涉模块测得冲击波扰动；Step 4: The double-lens collecting lens group receives the plasma light and transmits it to the spectrometer through the optical fiber, and obtains the real-time spectrum display on the computer; at the same time, the ICCD in the dynamic image acquisition module starts to work to capture the laser plasma wings in different time states, and the computer The image is displayed and the excitation state is analyzed; the gas sensing module is always working, and the gas types and concentrations at different positions are recorded respectively, and the laser heterodyne interference module measures the shock wave disturbance; 第五步：对采集到的光谱数据、等离子体图像、示波器数据和不同能量下含能材料的状态进行分析，得出结果，包括含能材料元素含量、含能材料元素种类、含能材料爆速、含能材料激光感度、含能材料时间分辨气体产物。Step 5: Analyze the collected spectral data, plasma images, oscilloscope data and the state of energetic materials at different energies, and obtain results, including the content of energetic materials, the types of energetic materials, and the explosive speed of energetic materials. , Laser sensitivity of energetic materials, time-resolved gas products of energetic materials.
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