CN110296185B

CN110296185B - Heavy-duty gearbox

Info

Publication number: CN110296185B
Application number: CN201910721989.8A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 赵向阳; 邓跃跃
Original assignee: Tebaijia Power Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Tebaijia Power Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2019-08-06
Filing date: 2019-08-06
Publication date: 2024-01-30
Anticipated expiration: 2039-08-06
Also published as: CN110296185A; WO2021022666A1

Abstract

A heavy duty transmission of the present disclosure, comprising: the device comprises a box body, a first shaft, a second shaft and an operation assembly; a shaft gear is arranged on the shaft; the two shafts are provided with a plurality of spindle gears, a plurality of meshing sleeves and a reverse gear set; the side edges of the two shafts are provided with intermediate shafts in parallel, and an intermediate gear set is arranged on the intermediate shafts; the countershaft gearset includes: a first transmission gear which is normally meshed with a shaft gear, and an intermediate gear which is normally meshed with a main shaft gear; the control assembly comprises a plurality of gear selecting and shifting shafts positioned in the box body, each gear selecting and shifting shaft is correspondingly provided with a gear shifting fork, and each gear shifting fork is correspondingly connected with a meshing sleeve; the meshing sleeve can move along the axial direction of the two shafts by shifting through the shifting fork; the single-gearbox structure design is adopted in the present disclosure, a plurality of forward gears and a reverse gear are arranged in the gearbox, the auxiliary gearbox is omitted, the gearbox structure is simplified, the gearbox cost is reduced, the gearbox transmission efficiency is improved, and the reliability of the gearbox is improved.

Description

Heavy-duty gearbox

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a transmission, and more particularly to a heavy duty transmission.

Background

The traditional heavy truck gearbox is provided with a secondary box structure, the greatest advantage of the structure is that the largest gear number is realized by using the smallest gear set, for example, the main stream product 12JSD series of Fashite is provided with a 6*2 structure, namely, the main box realizes 6 forward gears, 12 gears can be realized after the design of the secondary box is realized by doubling the gear, meanwhile, the structure can also shorten the length of the assembly and lighten the whole weight, thereby occupying the main stream position in the domestic and foreign markets for a long time.

The domestic new energy truck market is being vigorously developed, and in view of the fact that the total weight of a heavy truck is too high, a motor direct drive scheme cannot be met, a wheel side speed reduction scheme is still immature, a current main stream scheme is still a scheme of a centrally arranged motor and a traditional gearbox, and the traditional gearbox leaks the following problems in new energy sources such as pure electric power and a hybrid power assembly:

firstly, the auxiliary box is slowly switched, in view of the special nature that the auxiliary box sub-assembly is provided with a synchronizer, the switching time is longer and is more than 3 times of the shifting time of the main box, if the auxiliary box is shifted in the flat road running process, the power loss time is prolonged, if the auxiliary box is shifted in the ramp, the auxiliary box is very likely to cause incapability of shifting, and the auxiliary box is stopped on a slope or even the vehicle slides backwards;

secondly, the failure rate of the auxiliary box is high, the failure of the auxiliary box synchronizer is counted, the failure of the auxiliary box gear combination teeth occupies the first position of the failure rate for a long time, and even becomes a vulnerable part, which is not matched with the current new energy market three-electricity requirement of 5 years or 20 ten thousand kilometers, and the traditional gearbox only has a warranty period of 1 year or 10 ten thousand kilometers;

the transmission efficiency of the traditional gearbox is about 93% because the auxiliary box exists, and the power flow route of half gear is transmitted through 4 groups of gears, and the power flow route of the other half gear is transmitted through 2 groups of gears, so that the transmission efficiency is about 95%. The combination of the two can be said that the existence of the auxiliary box causes the efficiency loss of 1% -3%.

In summary, the conventional gearbox cannot meet the demand of the new energy market, and there is waste in materials and efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

To address at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems, the present disclosure provides a heavy duty transmission.

The technical scheme of the present disclosure is realized as follows:

a heavy duty transmission comprising: the device comprises a box body, a first shaft, a second shaft and an operation assembly;

a shaft gear is arranged on the shaft;

the two shafts are provided with a plurality of spindle gears, a plurality of meshing sleeves and a reverse gear set;

the side edges of the two shafts are provided with intermediate shafts in parallel, and an intermediate gear set is arranged on the intermediate shafts; the countershaft gearset includes: a first transmission gear which is normally meshed with a shaft gear, and an intermediate gear which is normally meshed with a main shaft gear;

the first shaft gear, the main shaft gear, the meshing sleeve, the reverse gear set, the intermediate shaft and the intermediate gear set are all positioned in the box body;

the control assembly comprises a plurality of gear selecting and shifting shafts positioned in the box body, each gear selecting and shifting shaft is correspondingly provided with a gear shifting fork, and each gear shifting fork is correspondingly connected with a meshing sleeve; the meshing sleeve can move along the axial direction of the two shafts by shifting through a gear shifting fork;

the axes of the first shaft and the second shaft are the same, and the power of the first shaft can be directly transmitted to the second shaft through a meshing sleeve.

Further, a grease collecting groove is formed in the box body, and a notch of the grease collecting groove faces the gear.

Further, the oil collecting groove comprises a plurality of oil distributing grooves which are respectively arranged along the normal meshing part of the gears in an extending mode.

Further, the box body comprises a main shell and a control shell, wherein the control shell is fixedly arranged above the main shell, and the oil collecting groove is formed in the bottom surface of the control shell.

Further, the oil sump is integrally cast with the steering housing.

Further, the one-shaft gear, the main shaft gear, the intermediate gear set and the reverse gear set are all spur gears.

Further, the number of the intermediate gears is eight in total; so that the gearbox of the present disclosure has 9 forward gears.

Further, the number of the intermediate shafts is two, and the two intermediate shafts are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the two shafts.

Further, a self-locking mechanism is arranged between each gear selecting and shifting shaft and the control shell; and/or an interlocking mechanism is arranged between the adjacent gear selecting and shifting shafts.

Further, the center distance between the two shafts and the intermediate shaft is more than or equal to 170mm.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the disclosure and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the disclosure and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a heavy duty transmission of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a direct-range power flow schematic of the transmission of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of a two-speed power flow of the transmission of the present disclosure;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a sump of a heavy duty transmission of the present disclosure.

A first shaft 1, a second shaft 2, a middle shaft 3, a first shaft gear 4, a first transmission gear 5, a middle gear 6, a meshing sleeve 7, an operating assembly 8, a box 9, a sump 10, a main shaft gear 20, a first gear main shaft gear 21, a second gear main shaft gear 22, a third gear main shaft gear 23, a fourth gear main shaft gear 24, a fifth gear main shaft gear 25, a sixth gear main shaft gear 26, a seventh gear main shaft gear 27, an eighth gear main shaft gear 28, a first reverse gear 29, a first gear middle gear 61, a second gear middle gear 62, a third gear middle gear 63, a fourth gear middle gear 64, a fifth gear middle gear 65, a sixth gear middle gear 66, a seventh gear middle gear 67, an eighth gear middle gear 68, a second reverse gear 69, a shift fork 81, a gear selecting and shifting shaft 82, an operating housing 91, a main housing 92

Detailed Description

The present disclosure is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the relevant content and not limiting of the present disclosure. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only a portion relevant to the present disclosure is shown in the drawings.

In addition, embodiments of the present disclosure and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. The present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings in conjunction with embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a heavy duty transmission comprising: the box body 9, the primary shaft 1, the secondary shaft 2 and the control assembly 8; a shaft gear 4 is arranged on the shaft 1; the two shafts 2 are provided with a plurality of main shaft gears 20, a plurality of meshing sleeves 7 and a reverse gear set; the side edges of the two shafts are provided with intermediate shafts 3 in parallel, and an intermediate gear set is arranged on the intermediate shafts 3; the countershaft gearset includes: a first transmission gear 5 normally meshed with a shaft gear 4, a plurality of intermediate gears 6 normally meshed with a plurality of main shaft gears 20 respectively; the spindle gear 20 includes: a first-gear main shaft gear 21, a second-gear main shaft gear 22, a third-gear main shaft gear 23, a fourth-gear main shaft gear 24, a fifth-generation main shaft gear 25, a sixth-gear main shaft gear 26, a seventh-gear main shaft gear 27 and an eighth-gear main shaft gear 28; the intermediate gear 6 includes a first gear intermediate gear 61, a second gear intermediate gear 62, a third gear intermediate gear 63, a fourth gear intermediate gear 64, a fifth gear intermediate gear 65, a sixth gear intermediate gear 66, a seventh gear intermediate gear 67, and an eighth gear intermediate gear 68; the first shaft gear 4, the main shaft gear 20, the meshing sleeve 7, the reverse gear set, the intermediate shaft and the intermediate gear set are all positioned in the box body; the reverse gear set includes a first reverse gear 29 mounted to the two shafts and a second reverse gear 69 mounted to the intermediate shaft.

In this embodiment, the one-shaft gear 4, the main shaft gear 20, the engagement sleeve 7, the reverse gear set, the intermediate shaft 3, the intermediate gear set, and the like are mounted in the case via bearings, snap rings, seals, and cover plates, and the like.

The control assembly 8 comprises a plurality of gear selecting and shifting shafts 82 positioned in the box body, each gear selecting and shifting shaft 82 is correspondingly provided with a gear shifting fork 81, and each gear shifting fork 81 is correspondingly connected with one meshing sleeve 7; the meshing sleeve 7 can move along the axial direction of the two shafts by being stirred by a gear shifting fork 81;

the axes of the first shaft 1 and the second shaft 2 are the same, and the power of the first shaft 1 can be directly transmitted to the second shaft 2 through a meshing sleeve. In this embodiment, the shift fork 81 controls the different engagement sleeves 7 to move back and forth through the back and forth action, so as to realize different gear positions.

Referring to fig. 1 and 4, in this embodiment, a sump is provided in the case, and a notch of the sump faces the gear.

As a preferable scheme of the present embodiment: the box 9 comprises a main casing 92 and a control casing 91, the control casing 91 is fixedly arranged above the main casing 92, and the oil collecting tank 10 is arranged on the bottom surface of the control casing, namely, the surface facing the inside of the box.

Referring to fig. 4, the oil sump 10 includes a plurality of oil distribution grooves, each of which is extended along the gear constant-mesh portion, and is communicated with each other; in the working process of the gearbox, lubricating oil is thrown into oil mist, and the oil groove lubricates a specific position (mainly aiming at a gear meshing part) after the oil mist is collected, so that the service life of gears is prolonged.

As a preferred aspect of the present embodiment, the oil sump 10 is integrally cast with the control housing. Because the sump 10 is cast directly from casting with little added cost.

Referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the gears of the one-shaft gear, the main shaft gear, the intermediate gear set and the reverse gear set are all spur gears, so that axial force is avoided, and manufacturing difficulty and after-sales service difficulty are reduced. The materials of the gear shaft in this embodiment are preferably selected from the main manufacturers in China, for example: the detail design of the gear shaft also uses advanced technologies such as arc teeth, secondary shot blasting and the like for processing and treating, so that the durability of the gear is improved.

In the preferred embodiment, the bearings such as the first shaft, the second shaft, and the intermediate shaft are designed on the standard bearings, so that the universality of the bearings can be improved, and the after-sales service difficulty can be reduced.

In order to adapt to an engine, the traditional gearbox uses more efficient areas of the engine, the number of gears is required to be as large as possible, and the range difference between gears is as small as possible; after the driving unit of the new energy automobile is changed into a motor, on one hand, the high-efficiency area (2000 r/min-3500 r/min) of the motor is wider than the high-efficiency area (2500 r/min-4500 r/min) of the engine, and on the other hand, the speed regulation performance of the motor is very good, the speed regulation performance can be achieved, so that the new energy gearbox does not need too many gears, and the inter-gear extremely poor can be amplified. According to the technical scheme, a plurality of groups of intermediate gears are arranged according to the required number of forward gears; in this embodiment, nine forward gears are provided as an example, eight sets of intermediate gears are provided together, and a direct gear is added to form nine forward gears. Taking seven forward gears as an example, the number of intermediate gears is six, one direct gear is added, seven forward gears are formed in total, and the like.

When the number of the intermediate shafts is one, the number of each group is 1 identical intermediate gear, and when the number of the intermediate shafts is two, the number of each group is 2 identical intermediate gears, which are respectively arranged on the two intermediate shafts, and the two identical intermediate gears in the same group are normally meshed with the same main shaft gear.

In this embodiment, preferably, the first shaft gear 4 and the first transmission gear 5 are in constant mesh to form a first constant mesh gear set;

the gear constant meshing modular design is realized through different schemes according to specific requirements of different applications: for example: overdrive and direct gear, the direct gear and overdrive are shifted by shifting the first constant mesh gear set and the second gear set, i.e. shifting the mounting position.

The direct gear schemes with different speed ratios realize different gear ratios by designing the first constant-meshed gear sets with different speed ratios, and because all gear ratios except the direct gear are directly related to the first constant-meshed gear sets, the speed ratio change of the whole transmission can be realized by only changing the design of the first constant-meshed gear sets.

In the embodiment, the intermediate shafts are in split design, and a double intermediate shaft structure scheme is adopted, wherein the number of the intermediate shafts is two, and the two intermediate shafts are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the two shafts. The power split is realized through the double intermediate shafts, so that the bearing capacity of the gear transmission and the intermediate shafts is improved, the length of the intermediate shafts can be shortened, and the processing difficulty and the later maintenance cost are reduced.

In this embodiment, a self-locking mechanism is installed between each gear selecting and shifting shaft and the control housing, and when the gear selecting and shifting shaft is in neutral gear or a certain gear, the self-locking mechanism can lock the corresponding gear selecting and shifting shaft, so as to prevent the gear from being automatically shifted or out of gear due to the control mechanism;

in this embodiment, an interlocking mechanism is installed between the gear selecting and shifting shafts, and when the gear selecting and shifting shafts move to shift gears, the gear selecting and shifting shafts adjacent to the gear selecting and shifting shafts are locked by the interlocking mechanism, so that the gear box is prevented from being blocked or damaged due to the fact that two or more gears are simultaneously shifted.

The center distance between the two shafts and the middle shaft is increased to improve the input torque; in the preferred embodiment, the center distance between the two shafts and the intermediate shaft is more than or equal to 170mm, and in the preferred embodiment, the center distance between the two shafts and the intermediate shaft is 180mm, at this time, the input torque can be raised to 2500 nm and above,

the present disclosure eliminates the auxiliary box, first, can improve the overall transmission efficiency, and reflects at least 1% -3% of the energy saving rate. Second, the reliability of the power assembly can be improved, and the life cycle cost can be reduced. Thirdly, because the auxiliary box is canceled, the corresponding software and hardware for controlling the auxiliary box are canceled, and the initial use cost is reduced. Fourth, power loss during shifting, especially during shifting of the auxiliary box is reduced, driving comfort is improved, fuel economy is improved, and further, the ramp shifting is enabled, so that a road is cleared for the use of the new energy gearbox under all working conditions.

In the embodiment, gear is reduced, maximum speed ratio is ensured while extremely bad gear is reduced, product cost is reduced, and the application range of the product is not reduced. Meanwhile, the reduction of the length and the weight of the whole box is objectively brought, the using amount of lubricating oil can be reduced, and the heat dissipation problem cannot be caused because the transmission efficiency is improved and the heat productivity is less.

Compared with the traditional gearbox, the gearbox disclosed by the invention does not need a synchronizer in the fields of mixed motion and AMT application, so that the cost is further reduced, and the reliability of the assembly is improved.

The gearbox disclosed by the disclosure can be widely applied to the field of new energy pure electric, the field of hybrid power, the field of automatic gearboxes of mechanical operators and even manual gearboxes, and the covered range comprises, but is not limited to, working conditions such as port trucks, soil and slag trucks, tractors, urban sanitation trucks, mine trucks, concrete mixer trucks and the like.

Referring to fig. 2, the arrow direction in the figure is the power flow direction when the transmission of the present embodiment is in direct gear, and the power is input through a first shaft and directly output from a second shaft.

Referring to fig. 3, the arrow direction in the figure is that when the gearbox of the present embodiment is in a second gear working state, power is input through a first shaft, and drives the intermediate shaft to rotate through a first constant-meshed gear, at this time, the meshing sleeve is meshed with a first main shaft gear of the second shaft, and the power is transmitted to the first gear intermediate gear through the intermediate shaft to drive the first gear main shaft gear to rotate, so that the second shaft is driven to rotate, and the second gear power is output.

In the description of this specification, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature.

It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments are merely for clarity of illustration of the disclosure, and are not intended to limit the scope of the disclosure. Other variations or modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art from the foregoing disclosure, and such variations or modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.

Claims

1. A heavy duty transmission comprising: the device comprises a box body, a first shaft, a second shaft and an operation assembly;

a shaft gear is arranged on the shaft;

the axial leads of the first shaft and the second shaft are the same, and the power of the first shaft can be directly transmitted to the second shaft by virtue of a meshing sleeve;

an oil collecting groove is arranged in the box body, and a notch of the oil collecting groove faces the gear;

the box body comprises a main shell and a control shell, the control shell is fixedly arranged above the main shell, and the oil collecting groove is arranged on the bottom surface of the control shell;

the one-shaft gear, the main shaft gear, the intermediate gear set and the reverse gear set are all straight gears;

the number of intermediate gears is eight in total.

2. The heavy duty transmission of claim 1, wherein: the oil collecting grooves comprise a plurality of oil distributing grooves which are respectively arranged along the normal meshing parts of the gears in an extending mode.

3. The heavy duty transmission of claim 1, wherein: the oil collecting groove and the control shell are integrally cast and formed.

4. A heavy duty gearbox according to any one of claims 1-3, characterised in that: the two intermediate shafts are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the two shafts.

5. A heavy duty gearbox according to any one of claims 1-3, characterised in that: a self-locking mechanism is arranged between each gear selecting and shifting shaft and the control shell; and/or an interlocking mechanism is arranged between the adjacent gear selecting and shifting shafts.

6. A heavy duty gearbox according to any one of claims 1-3, characterised in that: the center distance between the two shafts and the intermediate shaft is more than or equal to 170mm.