CN110284876B - Method and device for carrying out multiple aquifer water pumping tests in single deep borehole - Google Patents
Method and device for carrying out multiple aquifer water pumping tests in single deep borehole Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 359
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
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- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for carrying out a plurality of aquifer water pumping tests in a single deep drill hole, belongs to the technical field of drilling, and provides a method for carrying out a plurality of aquifer water pumping tests in a single deep drill hole, which comprises the following steps: s1: upper and lower packing of the objective aquifer, S2: reducing the mentioned hole diameter variation on the submersible pump, S3: observing water level, S4: the invention provides a retraction packer, and provides a device for carrying out multiple aquifer water pumping tests in a single deep borehole. The method is more scientific and reasonable, provides a low-cost technology and equipment which can carry out water pumping tests on a plurality of aquifers under the condition that the drill holes have no or few reducing diameters, simplifies the drilling process and achieves the purpose of reducing the construction period and the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a method for carrying out a plurality of aquifer water pumping tests in a single deep drill hole;
the invention relates to the technical field of drilling, in particular to a device for carrying out water pumping test on a plurality of aquifers in a single deep drill hole.
Background
The drilling water pumping test is a necessary project for hydrogeological exploration, resource geological exploration, production supplement exploration, water source geological exploration and engineering geological exploration, the single drilling water pumping test of a plurality of aquifers is the most common project in the exploration projects, and the multi-layer water pumping test is mostly completed by a drilling diameter-reducing method, namely, the drilling diameter is changed once after the water pumping of a set aquifer is completed, the next casing pipe is sleeved and water is stopped, the next target aquifer is drilled through by the new diameter, a new water pumping test is started, the water pumping tests of a plurality of aquifers are completed, the drilling diameter is reduced and water stopping is needed for a plurality of times, so the aperture is large, the construction process is complex, the manufacturing cost is high, the construction period is long, if the water stopping fails, the water pumping test data is unreliable, in order to solve the problem, a middlings geology general office develops flow logging technology and equipment, namely, a pumping test is synchronously performed on flow rate logging or chemical logging in a mixed pumping drilling hole, then water distribution is performed, but the problems that impurities in the hole adhere to a flow measurement well impeller and the impeller cannot face the water flow direction, and the like, so that the error of measured data is large; the chemical logging is also because of the convection of each water-bearing stratum in the hole, the water quality is mixed seriously, the data error is also very large, the flow logging and the chemical logging technology can not be well popularized due to the problems, so the water pumping technology of a plurality of water-bearing strata of a single hole is developed in the water ring center of the central dispatching office of China, the water pumping test of the plurality of water-bearing strata can be respectively carried out in the drilled holes with drift diameters, a submersible pump of the submersible pump needs to be placed at the position of a target water-bearing stratum, the diameter of the drilled hole needs to be large enough, the volume of the submersible pump needs to be increased along with the increase of the lift when the lift is required to reach 400-1000 meters, the diameter of the drilled hole needs to be large along with the requirement, the inflation and expansion process of the packer is complex, once an accident occurs in the water pumping test, the processing time is long, and the cost of the hydrogeology drilled hole is high and is not effectively popularized all the time.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to a method and apparatus for conducting multiple aquifer pumping tests in a single deep borehole to solve the problems set forth above in the background.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for conducting multiple aquifer pumping tests in a single deep borehole, comprising the steps of:
s1: the upper and lower sealing of the target aquifer seals the top and bottom plates of the target aquifer, so that the water mixing of the target aquifer and other aquifers is avoided, the reliable data technology is ensured, the air pressure expansion technology of the packer is changed into the water pressure expansion technology, and the process complexity is reduced;
s2: the variable quantity of the bore diameter of the drill hole is reduced, and the previous submersible pump is placed in the water-containing layer section to pump water, so that the submersible pump pumping technology at the bottom of the sleeve at the upper part of the drill hole is changed, the water-containing layer section with the purpose uses the common bore diameter, the problems of overlarge bore diameter and complex accident handling at the deep part of the drill hole for accommodating the submersible pump are avoided, and the cost and the construction period are obviously reduced;
s3: observing the water level, placing the water pressure sensor on the submersible pump for 12-18m, and performing high-frequency sampling detection, recording and storage on the ground, wherein the water level is measured according to the water level, and the water level is measured according to the water level;
s4: and retracting the packer, wherein the packer retracting technology is adopted for the condition that the water level burial depth of the drilling hole is more than 100 m.
Preferably, in S1, according to the drilling histogram, the water-permeable perforated pipe having the same length as the thickness of the target aquifer is placed at the target aquifer, the upper and lower packers are respectively placed on the bottom plate and the top plate of the target aquifer, the ground hydraulic pump is started, and water is injected to the upper and lower packers at the same time at a certain pressure through the high-pressure pipe, so that the packers are expanded to block the hydraulic connection between the target aquifer and other aquifers.
Preferably, in S2, after the drill hole is drilled to a specific depth by an opening diameter, a retaining wall water stop sleeve is put in, and then the diameter is changed to the final hole position in one step; two different soil layers, namely a unconsolidated formation and a bedrock aquifer, can appear during drilling.
Preferably, in S3, a water pressure sensor which is placed 12-18m above the submersible pump is arranged in the hole together with the submersible pump, and water level values before and after water pumping and during water pumping are detected and recorded so as to determine the change and the stable condition of the water level.
Preferably, in S4, after the pumping test of a certain aquifer is finished, the packer is drained to release water and pressure, and a capsule of the packer is contracted, so that the capsule is not abraded by a hole wall when a drill rod is lifted, but because a height difference of more than 100m exists between the water level of some drill holes and the ground, a residual water head in a high-pressure hose still has a pressure of more than 1.0MPa to the capsule, as shown in fig. 2, the capsule cannot be contracted in place, the capsule is damaged when the drill rod is lifted, and two solutions can be adopted to solve the problem.
A test device for pumping water from multiple aquifers in a single deep drill hole comprises a drilling packer, a water pressure sensor, a secondary instrument, a data processor, a pressure pump or a steel cylinder, a tension valve for retracting the packer, a submersible electric pump and a perforated pipe drill rod, wherein the drilling packer is made of a steel bar capsule wrapped on the drill rod, the capsule is used for storing water or gas, a water inlet is formed in the upper section of the capsule, a high-pressure hose is connected with the pressure pump or the steel cylinder at an orifice, and the capsule is filled with water or gas through the high-pressure hose by the pressure pump or the steel cylinder, so that the capsule is expanded, and the aim of isolating hydraulic connection between the target aquifer and other aquifers is fulfilled.
Preferably, the water pressure sensor is used for collecting initial water level and water pressure data in the hole and transmitting the initial water level and the water pressure data in the hole to the secondary instrument through a data cable.
Preferably, the secondary meter sends a monitoring command to the water pressure sensor through a data cable; and receiving, storing and displaying the initial water level transmitted by the water pressure sensor and the water pressure data in the hole.
Preferably, the data processor converts the water pressure data in the hole into water level restoration observation data, draws a water level restoration curve according to the water level restoration observation data, fits the water level restoration observation curve according to the water level restoration curve, obtains the water level of the hole wall according to the water level restoration observation curve, and calculates the elevation difference between the initial water level and the water level of the hole wall to obtain the drilling water level depth reduction value.
Preferably, the sensor, the secondary instrument and the data processor jointly form a water level observation system, the secondary instrument comprises a receiving element, a storage element, a control element, a signal key and a display screen, the secondary instrument is a commercially available product, the tension valve method is that a tension joint combination is installed at a certain underwater part of the high-pressure hose, the hose is pulled after the water pumping project is completed, when the tension reaches a certain value, a joint is separated, water in the hose flows out from a water outlet, residual water in the hose above the water surface of a drilled hole disappears, so that the pressure relief and the contraction of the capsule are caused, and two realization methods are adopted for the separation of the joint.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the technical method is more scientific and reasonable, and the drilling pumping water level test method provided by the invention comprises the steps of obtaining the initial water level of the aquifer, namely the initial water level of the aquifer after the packer is sealed and before the pump is started; the method is not a traditional obtaining method, and the traditional obtaining method is to measure the mixed water level of each aquifer in the drilled hole before pumping water; when a pump is started to pump water, acquiring change data of the water level of a target aquifer; the water level of the target aquifer recovers the data after the pump is shut down; fitting a water level restoration observation curve according to the water level restoration observation data; according to the water level recovery observation curve, acquiring the water level of the hole wall; calculating the elevation difference between the initial water level and the water level of the hole wall to obtain a water level depth reduction value of the drill hole; therefore, the accurate water level lowering depth can be obtained, and accurate parameters are provided for the calculation and evaluation of the water inflow amount of the pit.
The invention is characterized in that the submersible electric pump and the water inlet perforated pipe are separately combined, but not tightly combined, the tight combination is that the water inlet perforated pipe and the submersible electric pump are both arranged at the corresponding position of the deep aquifer in the hole, so that the submersible pump is directly connected with the water inlet perforated pipe, thus, the hole diameter of the target aquifer is large enough to accommodate the submersible electric pump, thus greatly increasing the cost and the construction period of the project; the separation combination of the invention is that only the water inlet perforated pipe is arranged at the position corresponding to the water-bearing stratum at the deep part in the hole, and the submersible electric pump is arranged at the bottom of the water-bearing wall-protecting casing pipe at the drill hole, so the aperture of the water-bearing stratum is not larger than that of the submersible electric pump, but the common aperture is adopted, and the cost and the construction period can be greatly reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an overall flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of the residual head pressure in the hose above the water level of the borehole of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an illustrative view of the present invention for water injection in a borehole to eliminate residual head pressure;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram and flow diagram of the borehole multi-aquifer pumping test system of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural and operational diagram of the tension bolting method of the tension valve of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view and a schematic operational view of the spring coil method of the tension valve according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the observation curve of water level restoration and the fitting curve of the observation curve of water level restoration according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a method for conducting multiple aquifer pumping tests in a single deep borehole, comprising the steps of:
s1: the upper and lower sealing of the target aquifer seals the top and bottom plates of the target aquifer, so that the water mixing of the target aquifer and other aquifers is avoided, the reliable data technology is ensured, the air pressure expansion technology of the packer is changed into the water pressure expansion technology, and the process complexity is reduced;
according to the drilling histogram, placing water-permeable perforated pipes with the length same as the thickness of a target aquifer at the position of the target aquifer, respectively placing upper and lower packers at a bottom plate and a top plate of the target aquifer, starting a ground hydraulic pump, and injecting water to the upper and lower packers at certain pressure through a high-pressure pipe simultaneously so that the packers expand to separate hydraulic connection between the target aquifer and other aquifers;
s2: the variable quantity of the bore diameter of the drill hole is reduced, and the previous submersible pump is placed in the water-containing layer section to pump water, so that the submersible pump pumping technology at the bottom of the sleeve at the upper part of the drill hole is changed, the water-containing layer section with the purpose uses the common bore diameter, the problems of overlarge bore diameter and complex accident handling at the deep part of the drill hole for accommodating the submersible pump are avoided, and the cost and the construction period are obviously reduced;
drilling a hole to a specific depth by using a hole diameter, then putting a retaining wall water stop sleeve, and reducing the diameter to a final hole position at one time; two different soil layers of a unconsolidated formation and a bedrock aquifer can appear during drilling:
(1) If the water pumping test is in a loose layer, then a perforated pipe and a protective wall water stop casing are arranged according to the design, and then gravel filling and outer wall water insulation engineering are completed;
(2) If the water-bearing bed rock is the bedrock aquifer, drilling a bare hole; when the packer is placed, the submersible pump is placed at the lower part of the water-stop wall-protecting sleeve pipe when the drill hole is drilled, the diameter of the water-stop wall-protecting sleeve pipe positioned at the upper section of the drill hole is large enough to place the submersible pump to meet the requirement of pumping water with large flow, and the drill hole at the lower section does not need to enlarge the diameter for lowering the submersible pump to drill, so that the cost and the construction period are greatly reduced, and possible accident treatment is facilitated;
s3: observing the water level, placing the water pressure sensor on the submersible pump by 12-18m, and performing high-frequency sampling detection, recording and storage on the ground, wherein the water level depth data is obtained, so that the water yield evaluation is more accurate;
the water pressure sensor is placed in the hole at a position 12-18m above the submersible pump, and is arranged in the hole together with the submersible pump, the water level values before and after water pumping and in the water pumping process are detected and recorded so as to determine the change and the stable condition of the water level and provide data for whether a water pumping test reaches a completion standard, particularly, the sensor obtains a water level recovery curve through high-frequency sampling for more than 5 times/s, then a turning point is searched through the water level recovery curve so as to obtain the elevation of the center of a water level falling funnel, the excessive error of the water level of the falling funnel replaced by the water level in the hole in the prior art is eliminated, and real water level data are provided for water quantity evaluation;
s4: retracting a packer, wherein the packer retracting technology is adopted aiming at the condition that the water level burial depth of a drilling hole is more than 100 m;
after the pumping test of a certain purpose aquifer is finished, the packer needs to be drained to release water and pressure, the capsule of the packer is contracted, so that the capsule is not abraded by a hole wall when a drill rod is lifted, but because the height difference between the water level of some drill holes and the ground is more than 100m, the residual water head in a high-pressure hose still has pressure more than 1.0MPa to the capsule, as shown in figure 2, the capsule can not be contracted in place, the capsule is damaged when the drill rod is lifted, and two solutions can be adopted for solving the problem:
(1) The method for injecting compressed air into the capsule is solved;
(2) The method can be realized by injecting compressed air, or injecting water into the drill hole or adopting a tension valve, wherein the water injection method is to fill water into the holes outside the drill rod, so that the pressure inside and outside the capsule is balanced, and the capsule can shrink by the elasticity of the capsule, as shown in figure 3, the tension valve method is to install a tension joint at a certain part under water of a high-pressure hose, pull the hose after a pump is turned off, when the tension exceeds a certain value, a tension bolt pin of the joint is opened, or a spring ring is disengaged, water in a pipeline is discharged from a water outlet of the tension valve, residual water in the hose above the water level of the drill hole leaks, and the capsule is decompressed and shrunk.
The invention provides a device for carrying out a plurality of aquifer water pumping tests in a single deep drill hole, which comprises a drilling packer, a water pressure sensor, a secondary instrument, a data processor, a pressure pump or a steel cylinder, a tension valve for retracting the packer, a submersible electric pump and a perforated pipe drill rod, wherein the drilling packer is arranged on the drilling packer;
the drilling packer is made of a steel bar capsule wrapped on a drill rod, the capsule is used for storing water or gas, a water inlet is formed in the upper section of the capsule, a high-pressure hose is connected with a pressure pump or a steel cylinder at an orifice, and the pressure pump or the steel cylinder fills water or gas into the capsule through the high-pressure hose to enable the capsule to expand so as to achieve the purpose of isolating hydraulic connection between a target aquifer and other aquifers;
the water pressure sensor is used for collecting initial water level and water pressure data in the hole and transmitting the initial water level and the water pressure data in the hole to the secondary instrument through a data cable;
the secondary instrument sends a monitoring command to the water pressure sensor through a data cable; receiving, storing and displaying initial water level and water pressure data in the hole transmitted by the water pressure sensor;
the data processor converts the water pressure data in the hole into water level recovery observation data, draws a water level recovery curve according to the water level recovery observation data, fits the water level recovery observation curve according to the water level recovery observation data, obtains the water level of the hole wall according to the water level recovery observation curve, and calculates the elevation difference between the initial water level and the water level of the hole wall to obtain the water level depth reduction value of the drill hole;
the sensor, the secondary instrument and the data processor jointly form a water level observation system, the secondary instrument comprises a receiving element, a storage element, a control element, a signal key and a display screen, the secondary instrument is a commercially available product, the tension valve method is a tension joint combination arranged at a certain underwater part of the high-pressure hose, the hose is lifted after the water pumping project is completed, when the tension reaches a certain value, the joint is disengaged, water in the hose flows out from a water outlet, residual water in the hose above the water surface of a drilled hole disappears, so that the pressure relief and the contraction of the capsule are caused, and two realization methods are adopted for the disengagement of the joint:
(1) The bolt breaking method is that a special bolt is arranged on a tension valve of a high-pressure hose, as shown in figure 5, the tension valve A, B with a male screw and a female screw in the figure is butted, the screw is tightened, a slidable connector in the part A is butted with a water gap with a sealing ring in the part B, so that water in a pipeline can only flow to an expansion capsule, after the water in the expansion capsule stops being pressed, the high-pressure hose is lifted on the ground, when the tension force reaches a certain value, the bolt in the tension valve is broken, a blocking bolt at the end part of the slidable connector in the valve slides downwards, a water outlet is communicated with a water channel of the hose, the water in the pipeline is discharged from the water outlet, the residual water pressure in the hose disappears, the expansion capsule retracts, meanwhile, the sliding of the blocking bolt is blocked by a blocking platform in the tension valve, the sliding is stopped, the falling of the hose is avoided, and when a water-bearing layer is pumped, the process is repeated;
(2) An "O" spring ring trip method, in which a specially made "O" spring ring is installed in the tension valve joint of the high pressure hose so that the spring ring enters the semicircular groove, as shown in FIG. 6; the method comprises the following steps of butting two parts of a tension valve A, B with a male screw and a female screw, screwing the screws, butting a slidable interface in the part A with a water gap with a sealing ring in the part B at the moment, enabling water in a pipeline to only flow to an expansion capsule, lifting a high-pressure hose on the ground after the ground stops pressurizing the expansion capsule, tightening a spring ring in the tension valve and separating from a semicircular spring groove when tension force reaches a certain value, retreating the slidable interface, communicating a water outlet with a water channel of the hose, discharging water in the pipeline from the water outlet, stopping sliding of a stop plug due to the stop of a stop table in the tension valve, stopping sliding, avoiding falling of the hose, and repeating the process when a water-containing layer pumps water;
the pressure pump or the steel cylinder is a device for providing expansion pressure for the capsule in the hole, if the pressure is used for expansion, the steel cylinder is used, namely the steel cylinder filled with compressed gas is connected with a high-pressure hose leading to the expansion capsule, the expansion capsule can be inflated by opening a valve of the steel cylinder, the expansion of the capsule can realize the isolation of a target aquifer from other aquifers, after the water pumping test of the target aquifer is completed, the valve of the steel cylinder is closed, the valve leading to the expansion capsule is opened, the capsule can be decompressed and contracted, if the hydraulic pressure expansion is used, the hydraulic pump is used for inflating the expansion capsule, the expansion of the capsule can realize the isolation of the target aquifer from other aquifers, after the water pumping test of the target aquifer is completed, a valve of the hydraulic pump is closed, the tension valve is started, the capsule can be decompressed and contracted, and the air pressure steel cylinder and the hydraulic pump are optional items;
in addition, referring to fig. 4, the present invention provides a single-hole multi-layer water pumping experimental method; the method comprises the following implementation steps:
step 1: designing the positions of a packer, a water inlet perforated pipe, a submersible electric pump and a hydraulic pressure sensor in a drill pipe system on the ground according to the layer position of a first target aquifer in a drilling histogram and a drilling structure diagram, so that the packer, the water inlet perforated pipe, the submersible electric pump and the hydraulic pressure sensor can accurately reach the preset positions;
step 2: the method comprises the following steps of combining a packer with a water inlet perforated pipe, and integrally combining a submersible electric pump and a sensor to a target aquifer layer position and the bottom of a water-proof retaining wall, namely, arranging a lower packer communicated with a high-pressure hose below an orifice at the bottom plate water-proof layer of the target aquifer, arranging the water inlet perforated pipe at the target aquifer, arranging an upper packer at the top plate water-proof layer of the target aquifer, arranging the submersible electric pump at the bottom of a drilled water-proof retaining wall casing pipe, arranging a hydraulic pressure sensor at a position 12-18m above the submersible electric pump, simultaneously connecting a packer pressurizing hose with the packer, and then arranging the packer pressurizing hose and the packer into a hole together with a drill pipe, and ensuring that a spring ring of a tension valve is screwed into a groove or a bolt pin, and the AB part is screwed up and then arranged at the upper end of the submersible electric pump;
and step 3: filling water into the packer by using a hydraulic pump or filling air into the packer by using a pressure steel cylinder so as to expand the upper and lower packers and isolate hydraulic connection between a target aquifer and other aquifers;
and 4, step 4: observing the pressure value of the sensor, converting the water pressure data into water level data in real time, drawing a water level duration curve in real time, and taking a water level stable value as the initial water level of a target aquifer;
and 5: starting a pump to pump water, observing flow and water pressure according to national drilling water pumping test specifications, and drawing a flow and water level duration curve in real time;
step 6: changing the flow according to the national drilling water pumping test specification, entering other depth-reducing water pumping test stages, observing the flow and the water pressure according to the national specification, converting the water pressure data into water level data in real time, and drawing a water level duration curve in real time;
and 7: closing the submersible electric pump according to the national drilling water pumping test specification, stopping flow observation, continuing water pressure observation, converting water pressure data into water level recovery data in real time, and drawing a water level duration curve in real time; stopping observation when the observation data meets the national drilling and pumping test specification;
and 8: drawing a fitting curve of the water level recovery observation curve;
and step 9: acquiring the water level of the hole wall according to a fitting curve of the water level recovery observation curve;
step 10: calculating the elevation difference between the initial water level and the hole wall water level to obtain the real depth reduction value of the drilling water level, and finishing the pumping test of the first target aquifer;
step 11: opening a water injection or gas injection valve to enable the expansion capsule to retract; if the method is a hydraulic expansion method and the residual water head is larger, the tension valve is lifted to cause the residual water to leak;
step 12: lifting the drill rod and preparing a water pumping test of a second aquifer;
step 13: adjusting the positions of a packer, a water inlet perforated pipe, a submersible electric pump and a hydraulic pressure sensor in a drill pipe system on the ground according to the new target aquifer layer position and the drilling structure diagram in the drilling histogram so that the packer, the water inlet perforated pipe, the submersible electric pump and the hydraulic pressure sensor can accurately reach the preset positions;
repeating the step 2 to the step 10 until the water pumping test of the last water pumping aquifer is finished;
the water pressure sensor in the step 2 is fixed at the bottom of the steel bar, the other end of the steel bar is fixed at the bottom of the submersible electric pump, and then the sensor and the steel bar are placed in the drill rod, so that the water level of a target aquifer can be measured, and the sensor cannot swing in the pumping process;
step 4 requires that the initial water level of the aquifer is acquired before the water pumping test of each aquifer is carried out, wherein the acquisition of the initial water level of the aquifer is to acquire the water pressure data in the drill hole firstly through the water pressure sensor, the water pressure sensor transmits the acquired water pressure data to the secondary instrument, then the water pressure data is converted into a corresponding water level value through the secondary instrument or other water level converters, and the water level value is taken as the initial water level in the drill hole;
step 5 and step 6 require that high-density water pressure and flow observation is carried out at the initial stage of each aquifer pumping test and the initial stage of each variable flow pumping test, and the sampling frequency is not lower than 5 times/second;
according to the requirement of the step 7, after the pumping test of each aquifer stops pumping, the observation of the recovered water level is carried out, the sampling frequency of data required in the initial observation stage is not lower than 5 times/second, when the water level change meets the standard requirement of the national pumping test, the observation is stopped, and the pumping test is finished;
step 11 requires that if hydraulic expansion is used to measure that the valve is required to be stretched once each time a water pumping test of an aquifer is completed, the capsule is fully contracted to create conditions for next lifting of the drill rod, and if air pressure expansion is used or water is injected into the hole, the process is not needed;
step 12 requires that a drill rod is lifted once before a water pumping test is finished, and then a drill rod combination is rearranged on the ground according to the position, the thickness and the drilling structure of a target aquifer in the drilling histogram according to step 13 so as to ensure that a lower packer, a water inlet perforated pipe, an upper packer, a sensor and a submersible electric pump (which can be integrally and correspondingly arranged on a bottom plate water-resisting layer of the target aquifer, a top plate water-resisting layer of the target aquifer and the lower part of a water-resisting retaining wall casing pipe at one time;
after the in-hole restoration water level data and the water level restoration curve are obtained in the step 8, a fitting curve is drawn by using EXCEL software, and an unsmooth inflection point is found out from the fitting curve, wherein the inflection point is the center of a dropping funnel, is the water level of the wall of a hole, is a real water level dropping point, and the determination method of the inflection point comprises two methods:
(1) the graphical method, theoretical calculation and actual observation show that in the hole section between the center of the water level dropping funnel and the water level in the hole, namely the drilling hydraulic jump section or the drilling water level singular section, the recovery curve of the water level is a straight line, the water level recovery curve of the hole section above the center of the dropping funnel is a curve, the first 2 data points of the water level recovery curve are made into straight lines, and the intersection point of the straight line and the curve is the center of the water level dropping funnel, as shown in fig. 7;
(2) an analytical method, wherein a linear equation is constructed according to the first 2 data of the water level recovery curve, and then the linear equation is combined with a fitting curve equation of the funnel, and the obtained solution is the center of the funnel;
in FIG. 7, the equation for the water level recovery curve between the Kong Nashui water level and the funnel center is H 1 = Kt, funnel water level recovery observation curve equation is H 2 ＝V 2 (t), wherein K is a slope, t is a water level recovery time, and V is a water level.
The technical method is more scientific and reasonable, and the drilling pumping water level test method provided by the invention comprises the steps of obtaining the initial water level of the aquifer, namely the initial water level of the aquifer after the packer is sealed and before the pump is started; the method is not a traditional obtaining method, and the traditional obtaining method is to measure the mixed water level of each aquifer in the drilled hole before pumping water; when a pump is started to pump water, acquiring change data of the water level of a target aquifer; the water level of the target aquifer recovers the data after the pump is shut down; fitting a water level restoration observation curve according to the water level restoration observation data; according to the water level recovery observation curve, acquiring the water level of the hole wall; calculating the elevation difference between the initial water level and the hole wall water level to obtain a drilling water level depth reduction value; therefore, the accurate water level lowering can be obtained, and accurate parameters are provided for the calculation and evaluation of the water inflow amount of the pit;
the invention is characterized in that the submersible electric pump and the water inlet perforated pipe are separately combined, but not tightly combined, the tight combination is that the water inlet perforated pipe and the submersible electric pump are both arranged at the corresponding position of the deep aquifer in the hole, so that the submersible pump is directly connected with the water inlet perforated pipe, thus, the hole diameter of the target aquifer is large enough to accommodate the submersible electric pump, thus greatly increasing the cost and the construction period of the project; the separation combination of the invention is that only the water inlet perforated pipe is arranged at the position corresponding to the water-bearing stratum at the deep part in the hole, and the submersible electric pump is arranged at the bottom of the water-bearing wall-protecting casing pipe at the drill hole, so the aperture of the water-bearing stratum is not larger than that of the submersible electric pump, but the common aperture is adopted, and the cost and the construction period can be greatly reduced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for carrying out a plurality of aquifer water pumping tests in a single deep borehole is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1: the upper and lower sealing of the target aquifer seals the top and bottom plates of the target aquifer, so that the water mixing of the target aquifer and other aquifers is avoided, the reliable data technology is ensured, the air pressure expansion technology of the packer is changed into the water pressure expansion technology, and the process complexity is reduced;
s2: the variable quantity of the bore diameter of the drill hole is reduced, and the previous submersible pump is placed in the water-containing layer section to pump water, so that the submersible pump pumping technology at the bottom of the sleeve at the upper part of the drill hole is changed, the water-containing layer section with the purpose uses the common bore diameter, the problems of overlarge bore diameter and complex accident handling at the deep part of the drill hole for accommodating the submersible pump are avoided, and the cost and the construction period are obviously reduced;
s3: observing the water level, placing the water pressure sensor on the submersible pump for 12-18m, and performing high-frequency sampling detection, recording and storage on the ground, wherein the water level is measured according to the water level, and the water level is measured according to the water level;
s4: retracting the packer, the packer retracting technology is a technology which is adopted aiming at the condition that the water level burial depth of a drilling hole is more than 100m, after the pumping test of a water-bearing layer of a certain purpose is finished, the packer needs to be drained for pressure relief, so that the capsule of the packer is retracted, the capsule is not worn by the hole wall when a drill rod is lifted, but because the height difference of more than 100m is still formed between the water level of certain drilling hole and the ground, the residual water head in a high-pressure hose still has the pressure of more than 1.0MPa on the capsule, the capsule cannot be retracted in place, the capsule is damaged when the drill rod is lifted, and the problem is solved by injecting compressed air into the capsule; or the method of injecting water into the drill hole or adopting a tension valve is adopted.
2. The method of claim 1 for conducting multiple aquifer pumping tests in a single deep borehole, wherein: in S1, according to a drilling histogram, water-permeable perforated pipes with the length being the same as the thickness of a target aquifer are placed at the position of the target aquifer, upper and lower packers are respectively placed on a bottom plate and a top plate of the target aquifer, a ground hydraulic pump is started, water is injected into the upper and lower packers at a certain pressure through a high-pressure pipe, and the packers are made to expand so as to isolate the hydraulic connection between the target aquifer and other aquifers.
3. The method of claim 1 for conducting multiple aquifer pumping tests in a single deep borehole, wherein: in S2, after drilling a hole to a specific depth by a hole diameter, putting a retaining wall water stop sleeve, and reducing the diameter to a final hole position at one time; two different soil layers, namely a unconsolidated formation and a bedrock aquifer, can appear during drilling.
4. The method of claim 1 for conducting multiple aquifer pumping tests in a single deep borehole, wherein: and in S3, a water pressure sensor which is arranged 12-18m above the submersible pump is arranged in the hole together with the submersible pump, and water level values before and after water pumping and in the water pumping process are detected and recorded so as to determine the change and the stability of the water level.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the apparatus comprises a borehole packer made of a steel reinforced capsule wrapped around a drill pipe, a water pressure sensor, a secondary instrument, a data processor, a pressure pump or a steel cylinder, a tension valve for retracting the packer, a submersible electric pump, and a drill pipe for a perforated pipe, wherein the capsule is used for storing water or gas, a water inlet is arranged at the upper section of the capsule, a high-pressure hose is connected with the pressure pump or the steel cylinder at the hole, and the capsule is filled with water or gas by the pressure pump or the steel cylinder through the high-pressure hose, so that the capsule is expanded to isolate the water-bearing stratum of interest from other water-bearing stratum.
6. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: and the water pressure sensor is used for acquiring initial water level and water pressure data in the hole and transmitting the initial water level and the water pressure data in the hole to the secondary instrument through a data cable.
7. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the secondary instrument sends a monitoring command to the water pressure sensor through a data cable; and receiving, storing and displaying the initial water level transmitted by the water pressure sensor and the water pressure data in the hole.
8. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the data processor converts the water pressure data in the hole into water level recovery observation data, draws a water level recovery curve according to the water level recovery observation data, fits the water level recovery observation curve according to the water level recovery observation curve, obtains the water level of the hole wall according to the water level recovery observation curve, and calculates the elevation difference between the initial water level and the water level of the hole wall to obtain the drilling water level depth reduction value.
9. The apparatus of claim 5, wherein: the sensor, the secondary instrument and the data processor jointly form a water level observation system, the secondary instrument comprises a receiving element, a storage element, a control element, a signal key and a display screen, the secondary instrument is a commercially available product, the tension valve method is a tension joint combination arranged at a certain underwater part of the high-pressure hose, the hose is lifted after the water pumping project is completed, when the tension reaches a certain value, the joint is disengaged, water in the hose flows out from a water outlet, residual water in the hose above the water surface of a drilled hole disappears, so that the pressure relief and the contraction of the capsule are caused, and two realization methods are adopted for the disengagement of the joint: a bolt breaking method; alternatively, an "O" spring ring trip method.
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