Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide an operation and maintenance method, an operation and maintenance method and an apparatus based on an operation and maintenance application, which are used to solve the possible phenomenon of unsmooth operation of the existing application management platform in the operation process.
The embodiment of the application adopts the following technical scheme:
the embodiment of the application provides an operation and maintenance method based on operation and maintenance application, which comprises the following steps:
monitoring whether an extension resource interface which is required to be matched by the operation and maintenance application is written into a custom instance of a specific type in real time, wherein the custom instance is an instance for providing operation and maintenance operation for the operation and maintenance application;
and if the fact that the matched expansion resource interfaces required by the operation and maintenance application are written into the custom instance of the specific type is monitored, executing operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance of the specific type.
Optionally, before the real-time monitoring whether the matched extended resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application is written into the custom instance, the method further includes:
and determining first identification information required by the operation and maintenance application, and matching the extended resource interfaces required by the operation and maintenance application according to the first identification information marked on each extended resource interface.
The embodiment of the application also provides an operation and maintenance method, which comprises the following steps:
and writing a custom instance of a specific type into each extended resource interface according to a first preset requirement, so that the operation and maintenance application can implement operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance of the specific type which is written into the extended resource interface which needs to be matched.
Optionally, before writing the specific type custom instance into each extended resource interface according to the first preset requirement, the method further includes:
deploying an extended resource interface according to a second preset requirement, and marking the extended resource interface with first identification information so that the operation and maintenance application matches the extended resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application.
Optionally, before writing the specific type custom instance into each extended resource interface according to the first preset requirement, the method further includes:
establishing a space with an identification name according to a third preset requirement, and deploying the operation and maintenance application in the space corresponding to the identification name;
and setting the authority of the operation and maintenance application according to a preset method, so that the operation and maintenance application has operation and maintenance authority for other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance space is located and has read-only authority for the applications in the other spaces.
Optionally, the setting the authority of the operation and maintenance application according to a preset method specifically includes:
and marking the second identification information for the operation and maintenance application, and setting permission for the operation and maintenance application according to the second identification information of the operation and maintenance application.
Optionally, the second identification information at least includes an identification name of a space where the operation and maintenance application is located.
The embodiment of the application also provides an operation and maintenance device based on operation and maintenance application, which comprises:
the monitoring unit is used for monitoring whether the matched expansion resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application is written into a custom instance of a specific type or not in real time, wherein the custom instance is an instance for providing operation and maintenance operation for the operation and maintenance application;
and the operation and maintenance unit is used for implementing operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance if the operation and maintenance application needs to be matched with the extension resource interface which is written into the custom instance of the specific type.
Optionally, the apparatus further includes:
and the matching unit is used for determining the first identification information required by the operation and maintenance application and matching the expansion resource interfaces required by the operation and maintenance application according to the first identification information marked on each expansion resource interface.
The embodiment of the application also provides an operation and maintenance device, which comprises:
and the writing unit is used for writing the customized examples of the specific types into each extended resource interface according to the first preset requirement, so that the operation and maintenance application can implement operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the customized examples of the specific types which are written into the extended resource interfaces which are required to be matched.
Optionally, the apparatus further includes:
the deployment unit is used for deploying the extended resource interface according to a third preset requirement and marking the first identification information for the extended resource interface so that the operation and maintenance application matches the extended resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application.
Optionally, the deployment unit is further configured to establish a space with an identifier name according to a second preset requirement, and deploy the operation and maintenance application in the space corresponding to the identifier name;
the apparatus further comprises:
the setting unit is used for setting the authority of the operation and maintenance application according to a preset method, so that the operation and maintenance application has operation and maintenance authority for other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance space is located and has read-only authority for the applications in the other spaces.
Optionally, the setting unit is specifically configured to:
and marking the second identification information for the operation and maintenance application, and setting permission for the operation and maintenance application according to the second identification information of the operation and maintenance application.
Optionally, the second identification information at least includes an identification name of a space where the operation and maintenance application is located.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an operation and maintenance device based on the operation and maintenance application, which comprises a memory for storing computer program instructions and a processor for executing the program instructions, wherein when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, the device is triggered to execute the following means:
the monitoring unit is used for monitoring whether the matched expansion resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application is written into a custom instance of a specific type or not in real time, wherein the custom instance is an instance for providing operation and maintenance operation for the operation and maintenance application;
and the operation and maintenance unit is used for implementing operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance if the operation and maintenance application needs to be matched with the extension resource interface which is written into the custom instance of the specific type.
The present invention also provides an operation and maintenance device comprising a memory for storing computer program instructions and a processor for executing the program instructions, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by the processor, trigger the device to perform the following means:
and the writing unit is used for writing the customized examples of the specific types into each extended resource interface according to the first preset requirement, so that the operation and maintenance application can implement operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the customized examples of the specific types which are written into the extended resource interfaces which are required to be matched.
The above-mentioned at least one technical scheme that this application embodiment adopted can reach following beneficial effect: the operation and maintenance application of the invention implements operation and maintenance operations on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance of a specific type, thereby relieving the operation and maintenance pressure of the application management platform and alleviating the possible phenomenon of unsmooth operation of the application management platform during operation.
Detailed Description
The existing application management platform can deploy each application, and particularly, the application management platform divides a plurality of spaces for placing different types of applications, but as the subsequent newly-added services are more and more, the scale of the application on the application management platform is larger and larger, the application management platform also needs to restart, upgrade, rollback and other operations on the deployed application during the period, and the operation burden of the application management platform can be increased.
For example, in an application management platform based on Kubernetes (K8S for short), applications are allocated to independent K8S clusters, then a plurality of spaces are partitioned in the K8S clusters, and different types of applications are placed in each space, which can solve the problem of independent deployment and authority of the applications, but since the subsequent newly added services are more and more, the scale of the applications on the application management platform based on K8S is more and more, during the period, the application management platform based on Kubernetes needs to perform operations such as restarting, upgrading, rollback and the like on deployed applications, and furthermore, the operation burden of the application management platform based on Kubernetes is increased, which also has the problems described above.
For the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the present application, the technical solutions of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments of the present application and corresponding drawings. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are only some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
Embodiments of the present description relate to an operation and maintenance application, a custom instance, a general application, an extended resource interface, and a space where the operation and maintenance application is located. Wherein:
the operation and maintenance application is deployed and operated by the application management platform and is used for operating other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located, and specifically comprises the steps of monitoring whether an expansion resource interface which is required to be matched by the operation and maintenance application is written into a custom instance of a specific type, if the fact that the expansion resource interface which is required to be matched by the operation and maintenance application is written into the custom instance of the specific type is monitored, executing operation and maintenance operation on the other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located by the operation and maintenance application according to the custom instance, wherein the operation and maintenance operation comprises the steps of newly adding the application or restarting, upgrading the version, rolling back to the previous version and the like on the existing application;
the custom instance is an instance that provides an operation for an operation application;
the general application is deployed and operated by an application management platform and comprises general services in the application platform;
the extended resource interface is deployed and operated by the application management platform and is used for receiving the customized instance of the specific type written by the application management platform so that the operation and maintenance operation is implemented on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located by the operation and maintenance application according to the customized instance of the specific type;
the space where the operation and maintenance application is located is established by the application management platform and is used for delineating the operation and maintenance scope of the operation and maintenance application.
The following describes in detail the technical solutions provided by the embodiments of the present application with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an operation and maintenance method based on an operation and maintenance application according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, where an application scenario of the embodiment may be an application management platform based on Kubernetes. And the execution body of the embodiment may be an operation and maintenance application, and the flow chart includes:
step S101, monitoring whether the matched expansion resource interface needed by the operation and maintenance application is written into a custom instance of a specific type in real time, if so, executing step S102, and if not, continuing to execute step S101.
In step S101 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the application management platform may be used to deploy the extended resource interfaces, and each extended resource interface needs to be marked with the first identification information when being deployed. On the premise of determining first identification information required by the operation and maintenance application, the operation and maintenance application can match the expansion resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application according to the first identification information marked on each expansion resource interface, and then a monitoring relation between the operation and maintenance application and the required expansion resource interface is established.
In step S101 of the embodiment of the present specification, the extended resource interface may be written into a custom instance of a specific type by the application management platform, i.e., the extended resource interface may be written into custom instances of one or more specific types. The first identification information may be the type of the written custom instance in this embodiment, after the first identification information required by the operation and maintenance application is determined, it may represent which types of custom instances the operation and maintenance application needs to monitor, and may match the extended resource interfaces required by the operation and maintenance application according to the first identification information marked on each extended resource interface, and establish a monitoring relationship with the extended resource interfaces.
In step S101 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, after the operation and maintenance application establishes a monitoring relationship with the extended resource interface to be matched, the operation and maintenance application monitors in real time whether the extended resource interface to be matched is written into a custom instance of a specific type by the application management platform, and if the operation and maintenance application monitors that the extended resource interface to be matched by the operation and maintenance application has been written into a custom instance of a specific type by the application management platform, step S102 needs to be executed; if the operation and maintenance application does not monitor that the extended resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application is written into the custom instance, or if the operation and maintenance application monitors that the extended resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application is matched with the custom instance of a non-specific type, the operation and maintenance application continues to execute step S101.
In step S101 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the extended resource interface corresponds to CRD (CustomResourceDefinition) in the K8S, and the application management platform may have some special requirements for a certain space under the cluster, where these requirements may be understood as extended resources (i.e. custom instances) of the K8S, and CRDs of the K8S provide a lightweight mechanism for such requirements, so as to ensure quick registration and use of new resources.
Step S102, executing operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the user-defined instance.
In step S102 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, after the operation and maintenance application monitors that the extended resource interface to be matched is written with the custom instance by the application management platform, the operation and maintenance operation can be implemented on the application in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located. The space where the operation and maintenance application is located is established by the application management platform.
In step S102 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the operation is performed on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance, which may be a new service in the space, that is, the operation and maintenance application deploys a new application in the space; the method can also be to restart, upgrade, roll back and the like the existing service in the space, namely, to restart, upgrade the version, roll back to the previous version and the like the deployed application of the operation and maintenance application. From this, it can be derived that the operation includes deploying a new application by the operation application in space or the operation application restarting, upgrading a version, rolling back to a previous version, etc. an existing application.
Fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of an operation and maintenance method provided in the second embodiment of the present disclosure, where an application scenario in this embodiment may be an application management platform based on Kubernetes, where the schematic flow chart includes:
step S201, writing a custom instance of a specific type into each extended resource interface according to a first preset requirement, so that the operation and maintenance application implements operation and maintenance operations on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance of the specific type in which the extended resource interface to be matched is written.
In step S201 of the embodiment of the present specification, the first preset requirement is that the application management platform determines the requirement according to the actual situation.
Fig. 3 is a schematic flow chart of an operation and maintenance method provided in the third embodiment of the present disclosure, where an application scenario in this embodiment may be an application management platform based on Kubernetes, where the schematic flow chart includes:
step S301, a space with an identification name is established according to a third preset requirement, and the operation and maintenance application is deployed in the space corresponding to the identification name.
In step S301 of the embodiment of the present specification, the third preset requirement is that the application management platform determines the requirement according to the actual situation.
In step S301 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, since there is a problem of call-to-call between applications, after step S301 is performed, the problem of authority of the operation and maintenance application in the space needs to be solved, and the steps to be performed are: and setting the authority of the operation and maintenance application according to a preset method, so that the operation and maintenance application has operation and maintenance authority (namely, read and write authorities) for the application of the space where the operation and maintenance application is located and has read-only authority for the application of the rest space. The authority of the operation and maintenance application is set according to a preset method, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: and marking the second identification information for the operation and maintenance application, and setting the authority of the operation and maintenance application according to the second identification information of the operation and maintenance application. The second identification information may include an identification name of a space in which the operation and maintenance application is located. The second identification information of the operation and maintenance application corresponds to ServiceAccount in the K8S, and authorizes the Operator application in a space where the Operator application is located, so that the Operator application can have absolute control rights in the space where the Operator application is located, and the Operator application can read applications in other spaces, so that the Operator application can operate and maintain other applications in the space where the Operator application is located.
Step S302, an extended resource interface is deployed according to a second preset requirement, and the extended resource interface is marked with first identification information so that the operation and maintenance application can be matched with the extended resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application.
In step S302 of the embodiment of the present specification, the second preset requirement is that the application management platform determines the requirement according to the actual situation.
In step S302 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the application management platform needs to deploy a general application, and it needs to be described that: the application management platform can operate and maintain the extended resource interface, the operation and maintenance application and the general application when running.
Step S303, writing a custom instance of a specific type into each extended resource interface according to a first preset requirement, so that the operation and maintenance application implements operation and maintenance operations on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance of the specific type in which the extended resource interface to be matched is written.
In step S303 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, the first preset requirement is a requirement determined by the application management platform according to an actual situation.
In step S303 of the embodiment of the present disclosure, after the application management platform writes a custom instance of a specific type to the extended resource interface, the operation and maintenance application may monitor in real time whether the extended resource interface that is required to be matched by the operation and maintenance application is written with a custom instance of a specific type, if the operation and maintenance application monitors that the extended resource interface that is required to be matched by the operation and maintenance application is written with a custom instance of a specific type, then operation and maintenance operations are implemented on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance of a specific type; or after the application management platform writes the custom instance of the specific type into the extended resource interface, the application management platform can send an instruction to the operation and maintenance application, so that the operation and maintenance application knows that the extended resource interface which is required to be matched by the operation and maintenance application is written with the custom instance of the specific type according to the instruction, and the operation and maintenance application can implement operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance.
The application scenario in this embodiment may be an application management platform based on Kubernetes, referring to fig. 4, an application is deployed through the application management platform, the application deployed by the application management platform is divided into two types, one type is an Operator type application (i.e. an operation and maintenance application) with operation and maintenance functions, the application has two instances of similar nature, namely, cotroller Pod1 and cotroller Pod1, which are deployed in the same space, and the space is named as a first space, and the cotroller Pod1 monitor whether CRD (i.e. an extended resource interface) is written in the first space or not (i.e. a custom instance), if CRD is written in the CR of a specific type, performing operation on other applications in the first space according to the CR of the specific type; another category is general applications Pod1, pod2, pod3, and Pod4, where Pod1, pod2, pod3, and Pod4 need to be deployed in the same space and named as a second space. Before deploying the Operator application, a CRD needs to be deployed first, meanwhile, when the CRD is deployed, identification information is marked on the CRD, on the premise that identification information required by the Operator application is determined, the CRD required by the Operator application is matched, monitoring is carried out on the CRD, and when the CRD is monitored to be written into a CR of a specific type (namely, a custom instance), operation and maintenance operation are carried out on other applications of the first space according to the CR of the specific type.
Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of an operation and maintenance device based on an operation and maintenance application according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, where the schematic structural diagram includes: a monitoring unit 1, an operation and maintenance unit 2 and a matching unit 3.
The monitoring unit 1 is configured to monitor in real time whether an extended resource interface that is required to be matched by the operation and maintenance application is written into a custom instance of a specific type, where the custom instance is an instance that provides operation and maintenance operation for the operation and maintenance application.
And the operation and maintenance unit 2 is used for implementing operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance if the operation and maintenance application needs to be matched with the extension resource interface which is written into the custom instance of the specific type.
The matching unit 3 is configured to determine first identification information required by the operation and maintenance application, and match the extended resource interfaces required by the operation and maintenance application according to the first identification information marked on each extended resource interface.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an operation and maintenance device according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure, where the schematic structural diagram includes: a writing unit 4, a deployment unit 5, and a setting unit 6.
The writing unit 4 is configured to write a custom instance of a specific type into each extended resource interface according to a first preset requirement, so that the operation and maintenance application implements operation and maintenance operations on other applications in a space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance of the specific type to which the extended resource interface to be matched is written.
The deployment unit 5 is configured to deploy an extended resource interface according to a third preset requirement, and mark the extended resource interface with first identification information, so that the operation and maintenance application matches the extended resource interface that needs to be matched by the operation and maintenance application.
The deployment unit 5 is further configured to establish a space with an identifier name according to a second preset requirement, and deploy the operation and maintenance application in the space corresponding to the identifier name.
The setting unit 6 is configured to set the authority of the operation and maintenance application according to a preset method, so that the operation and maintenance application has operation and maintenance authority for other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance space is located, and has read-only authority for applications in other spaces.
The setting unit 6 is specifically configured to:
and marking the second identification information for the operation and maintenance application, and setting permission for the operation and maintenance application according to the second identification information of the operation and maintenance application.
The second identification information at least comprises identification names of spaces where the operation and maintenance applications are located.
The embodiment of the invention also provides an operation and maintenance device based on the operation and maintenance application, which comprises a memory for storing computer program instructions and a processor for executing the program instructions, wherein when the computer program instructions are executed by the processor, the device is triggered to execute the following means:
the monitoring unit is used for monitoring whether the matched expansion resource interface required by the operation and maintenance application is written into a custom instance of a specific type or not in real time, wherein the custom instance is an instance for providing operation and maintenance operation for the operation and maintenance application;
and the operation and maintenance unit is used for implementing operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the custom instance if the operation and maintenance application needs to be matched with the extension resource interface which is written into the custom instance of the specific type.
The present invention also provides an operation and maintenance device comprising a memory for storing computer program instructions and a processor for executing the program instructions, wherein the computer program instructions, when executed by the processor, trigger the device to perform the following means:
and the writing unit is used for writing the customized examples of the specific types into each extended resource interface according to the first preset requirement, so that the operation and maintenance application can implement operation and maintenance operation on other applications in the space where the operation and maintenance application is located according to the customized examples of the specific types which are written into the extended resource interfaces which are required to be matched.
In the 90 s of the 20 th century, improvements to one technology could clearly be distinguished as improvements in hardware (e.g., improvements to circuit structures such as diodes, transistors, switches, etc.) or software (improvements to the process flow). However, with the development of technology, many improvements of the current method flows can be regarded as direct improvements of hardware circuit structures. Designers almost always obtain corresponding hardware circuit structures by programming improved method flows into hardware circuits. Therefore, an improvement of a method flow cannot be said to be realized by a hardware entity module. For example, a programmable logic device (Programmable Logic Device, PLD) (e.g., field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA)) is an integrated circuit whose logic function is determined by the programming of the device by a user. A designer programs to "integrate" a digital system onto a PLD without requiring the chip manufacturer to design and fabricate application-specific integrated circuit chips. Moreover, nowadays, instead of manually manufacturing integrated circuit chips, such programming is mostly implemented by using "logic compiler" software, which is similar to the software compiler used in program development and writing, and the original code before the compiling is also written in a specific programming language, which is called hardware description language (Hardware Description Language, HDL), but not just one of the hdds, but a plurality of kinds, such as ABEL (Advanced Boolean Expression Language), AHDL (Altera Hardware Description Language), confluence, CUPL (Cornell University Programming Language), HDCal, JHDL (Java Hardware Description Language), lava, lola, myHDL, PALASM, RHDL (Ruby Hardware Description Language), etc., VHDL (Very-High-Speed Integrated Circuit Hardware Description Language) and Verilog are currently most commonly used. It will also be apparent to those skilled in the art that a hardware circuit implementing the logic method flow can be readily obtained by merely slightly programming the method flow into an integrated circuit using several of the hardware description languages described above.
The controller may be implemented in any suitable manner, for example, the controller may take the form of, for example, a microprocessor or processor and a computer readable medium storing computer readable program code (e.g., software or firmware) executable by the (micro) processor, logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits (Application Specific Integrated Circuit, ASIC), programmable logic controllers, and embedded microcontrollers, examples of which include, but are not limited to, the following microcontrollers: ARC 625D, atmel AT91SAM, microchip PIC18F26K20, and Silicone Labs C8051F320, the memory controller may also be implemented as part of the control logic of the memory. Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, in addition to implementing the controller in a pure computer readable program code, it is well possible to implement the same functionality by logically programming the method steps such that the controller is in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers, etc. Such a controller may thus be regarded as a kind of hardware component, and means for performing various functions included therein may also be regarded as structures within the hardware component. Or even means for achieving the various functions may be regarded as either software modules implementing the methods or structures within hardware components.
The system, apparatus, module or unit set forth in the above embodiments may be implemented in particular by a computer chip or entity, or by a product having a certain function. One typical implementation is a computer. In particular, the computer may be, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a cellular telephone, a camera phone, a smart phone, a personal digital assistant, a media player, a navigation device, an email device, a game console, a tablet computer, a wearable device, or a combination of any of these devices.
For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being functionally divided into various units, respectively. Of course, the functions of each element may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware elements when implemented in the present application.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and the like) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems) and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.
In one typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.
The memory may include volatile memory in a computer-readable medium, random Access Memory (RAM) and/or nonvolatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of computer-readable media.
Computer readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of storage media for a computer include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), static Random Access Memory (SRAM), dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), read Only Memory (ROM), electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium, which can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. Computer-readable media, as defined herein, does not include transitory computer-readable media (transmission media), such as modulated data signals and carrier waves.
It should also be noted that the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one … …" does not exclude the presence of other like elements in a process, method, article or apparatus that comprises the element.
The application may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The application may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.
In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and identical and similar parts of each embodiment are all referred to each other, and each embodiment mainly describes differences from other embodiments. In particular, for system embodiments, since they are substantially similar to method embodiments, the description is relatively simple, as relevant to see a section of the description of method embodiments.
The foregoing is merely exemplary of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Various modifications and changes may be made to the present application by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. which are within the spirit and principles of the present application are intended to be included within the scope of the claims of the present application.