CN110217871A - 一种含藻原水的高效混凝除藻方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种含藻原水的高效混凝除藻方法,该方法按下述步骤进行:(1)配置壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝储备液;将50mg壳聚糖溶于5mL 0.1mol/L盐酸溶液,搅拌至壳聚糖完全溶解后用去离子水稀释得0.05g/L的壳聚糖储备液,将聚合氯化铝用去离子水稀释得0.25g/L的聚合氯化铝储备液;(2)根据所需投加量将壳聚糖与聚合氯化铝储备液充分混合;(3)混凝方法为:1)200r/min快速搅拌10s使含藻原水混合均匀;2)添加混凝剂后200r/min快速搅拌1min;3)60r/min中速搅拌10min;4)30r/min慢速搅拌15min;5)静置30min即可。本发明将壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝联用使用,可实现高效、安全混凝除藻,除藻效果好、见效快、操作简单,具有较高的应用价值。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水处理领域,具体涉及一种含藻原水的高效混凝除藻方法。
背景技术
饮用水源藻类的爆发不仅影响饮用水处理系统的正常运行,更是威胁着广大市民的用水安全。当藻类大量繁殖时,不同于一般的致浊物质,藻细胞电动电位低、密度较小、胶体稳定,且藻类有机物易与混凝剂发生络合反应,影响混凝过程中絮体的形成,加大了水处理的难度。研究学者常通过预氧化、预超声、预压力等方式强化混凝除藻,但这些方法存在藻毒素释放、生成消毒副产物、安全性差等问题。因此,研究安全高效的除藻方法,对饮用水供水安全的保障具有重要意义。
聚合氯化铝、氯化铝、氯化铁和聚合氯化铝铁等铁铝混凝剂是常规饮用水工艺中常用混凝剂,但使用单一混凝剂对含藻原水的混凝除藻效果欠佳。壳聚糖是目前已知正电荷密度最高的天然有机高分子,安全、无毒,拥有较强的电性中和与吸附架桥能力。局限于壳聚糖的制造成本,研究学者多倾向于将壳聚糖与无机混凝剂联合使用,以提高混凝效果并减少经济成本。毛玉红等研究发现,以壳聚糖为助凝剂,有助于提高聚合氯化铝对高岭土的混凝效果,并提高混凝的稳定性(发表于中国环境科学,2015, 35(04): 1096-1102)。
发明内容
针对常规饮用水处理工艺混凝除藻效果欠佳的问题,本发明提出一种含藻原水的高效混凝除藻方法。
本发明通过下述技术方案实现:
一种含藻原水的高效混凝除藻方法,该方法采用壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝联合使用作为混凝剂。
该方法按下述步骤进行:
(1)配置壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝储备液;将50mg壳聚糖溶于5mL 0.1mol/L盐酸溶液,搅拌至壳聚糖完全溶解后用去离子水稀释得0.05g/L的壳聚糖储备液,将聚合氯化铝用去离子水稀释得0.25g/L的聚合氯化铝储备液;
(2)根据所需投加量将壳聚糖与聚合氯化铝储备液充分混合;
(3)混凝方法为:1)200r/min快速搅拌10s使含藻原水混合均匀;2)添加混凝剂后200r/min快速搅拌1min;3)60r/min中速搅拌10min;4)30r/min慢速搅拌15min;5)静置30min即可。
上述中,所述含藻原水为铜绿微囊藻形成的含藻原水,步骤(3)中 CTS投加量0.40mg/L、PAC投加量1.19mg/L、含藻原水初始pH值7.5。
上述中,所述含藻原水为水华鱼腥藻形成的含藻原水,含藻原水初始pH值7.9,步骤(3)中CTS投加量0.25mg/L、PAC投加量2.00mg/L。
聚合氯化铝是一种无机高分子絮凝剂,因其极易发生水解,混凝效果好,为常规饮用水处理工艺常见的絮凝剂,但对藻细胞的混凝去除效果不甚理想。壳聚糖是目前已知正电荷密度最高的天然有机高分子,分子上存在大量羟基和氨基,溶于稀酸溶液后,分子上的氨基被质子化而拥有大量正电荷,使其拥有较强的电性中和与吸附架桥能力。壳聚糖壳聚糖与聚合氯化铝的联用进一步增强了电性中和和吸附架桥作用,对含藻原水具有高效的混凝沉淀效果。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种高效、安全的含藻原水混凝去除方法,能够快速应对蓝藻水华爆发时的含藻原水,实现对含藻原水的应急处理,其除藻效果好、见效快、操作简单,对饮用水厂如何快速处理含藻原水具有重要的理论和现实意义。与单独使用壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝相比,将壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝联用可使混凝产生的絮体体积更大,混凝除藻效果好,且可直接应用于含藻原水的混凝,无需预调节碱性含藻原水的pH值,节约处理成本。壳聚糖与聚合氯化铝联用还可减少出水残余铝含量,减少供水残余铝的健康风险。
附图说明
图1为壳聚糖与聚合氯化铝联用对铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a去除率的响应曲面图。
图2为壳聚糖与聚合氯化铝联用对水华鱼腥藻叶绿素a去除率的响应曲面图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例及附图对本发明作详细描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例
一种壳聚糖(CTS)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)联用高效混凝除藻的方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)壳聚糖分子量为70~80万,粘度60mpa·s,脱乙酰度≥90.0%(生产厂家为上海蓝季生物有限公司),称取50mg CTS溶于5mL 0.1mol/L盐酸溶液,于磁力搅拌器上搅拌30min至完全溶解,用去离子水稀释得0.05g/L的储备液。聚合氯化铝为饮用水一级产品,储备液浓度为0.25g/L。将壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝储备液混合均匀后投加。
(2)铜绿微囊藻(FACHB-909)和水华鱼腥藻(FACHB-245)源自中国科学院淡水藻种库。为模拟饮用水源藻类爆发的水质,将生长至对数生长期的藻培养液分散到去离子水中,稀释至藻细胞密度为3.0×108~4.0×108cells/L,铜绿微囊藻和水华鱼腥藻叶绿素a含量分别为45~55μg/L和80~90μg/L,此即为用于实验研究的含藻原水,含藻原水的初始pH值为8.5~9.0。
(3)将1000mL含藻原水加入烧杯,根据需要使用0.1mol/L HCl或0.1mol/L NaOH调节含藻原水pH值。使用六联搅拌器开展混凝实验,步骤如下:1)200r/min快速搅拌10s使水样混合均匀;2)添加混凝剂后200r/min快速搅拌1min;3)60r/min中速搅拌10min;4)30r/min慢速搅拌15min;5)静置30min。静置结束后在液面以下2cm处取上清液测定叶绿素a含量。
混凝前和混凝后含藻原水的叶绿素a含量使用丙酮提取法测定。
利用响应曲面法设计实验,获取CTS投加量、PAC投加量及含藻原水初始pH值的最佳混凝条件,各因素的编码及编码水平见表1。
表1 实验因素及水平
以叶绿素a去除率为模型响应值,实验方案及结果见表2。
表2 实验设计及结果
以二次回归方程拟合影响因素与响应值间的函数关系,CTS投加量、PAC投加及初始pH与铜绿微囊藻和水华鱼腥藻叶绿素a去除率的回归方程分别为Y铜=92.31+4.93A+3.32B-4.83C- 1.84AB+3.31AC+3.75BC-1.43A2-2.48B2-1.82C2和Y水=95.57-0.38A+2.71B-1.76C-0.57AB+0.68AC+ 1.59BC-2.03 A2-1.49B2-1.74C2。
回归方程的显著性检验结果及方差分析见表3,对铜绿微囊藻和水华鱼腥藻形成的含藻原水进行混凝所得的拟合模型的P值均小于0.001,表明所得模型是都极显著的。失拟项(LOF)的P值高于0.1,表明失拟项对模型拟合的影响不显著,说明在回归区域内拟合模型的拟合效果好。模型的拟合度可通过决定系数R2来检验,R2>0.95表明拟合度较高,决定系数R2与调整决定系数Radj 2的差值小于0.2,说明模型的可信度和精密度较高。AP为信噪比,比值大于4为理想值。因此,实验所得模型可用于分析和预测不同混凝条件下对叶绿素a的去除效果。
表3 模型方差分析
由图1铜绿微囊藻叶绿素a去除率的响应曲面图可知,随着PAC和CTS投加量的增加、含藻原水初始pH降低,叶绿素a去除效果越好。
由图2水华鱼腥藻叶绿素a去除率的响应曲面图可知,叶绿素a去除率随着PAC投加量的增加而增加;随着CTS投加量的增加,叶绿素a去除率先增加后减少;叶绿素a去除率随着含藻原水初始pH的降低,呈先升高后降低的趋势。
壳聚糖与聚合氯化铝联用混凝去除铜绿微囊藻的最佳条件为:CTS投加量0.40mg/L、PAC投加量1.19mg/L、含藻原水初始pH值7.5,该条件下实测叶绿素a去除率为95.7%(模型预测值96.1%)。混凝去除水华鱼腥藻的最佳条件为:CTS投加量0.25mg/L、PAC投加量2.00mg/L、含藻原水初始pH值7.9,该条件下实测叶绿素a去除率为97.0%(模型预测值97.9%)。
当含藻原水初始pH值为9.0时(模拟含藻原水的碱性环境),也可取得高效的混凝除藻效果,对除铜绿微囊藻和水华鱼腥藻的叶绿素a的去除率都可达95%左右。
Claims (4)
1.一种含藻原水的高效混凝除藻方法,其特征在于,该方法采用壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝联合使用作为混凝剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种含藻原水的高效混凝除藻方法,其特征在于,该方法按下述步骤进行:
(1)配置壳聚糖和聚合氯化铝储备液;将50mg壳聚糖溶于5mL 0.1mol/L盐酸溶液,搅拌至壳聚糖完全溶解后用去离子水稀释得0.05g/L的壳聚糖储备液,将聚合氯化铝用去离子水稀释得0.25g/L的聚合氯化铝储备液;
(2)根据所需投加量将壳聚糖与聚合氯化铝储备液充分混合;
(3)混凝方法为:1)200r/min快速搅拌10s使含藻原水混合均匀;2)添加混凝剂后200r/min快速搅拌1min;3)60r/min中速搅拌10min;4)30r/min慢速搅拌15min;5)静置30min即可。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种含藻原水的高效混凝除藻方法,其特征在于,所述含藻原水为铜绿微囊藻形成的含藻原水,步骤(3)中 CTS投加量0.40mg/L、PAC投加量1.19mg/L、含藻原水初始pH值7.5。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种含藻原水的高效混凝除藻方法,其特征在于,所述含藻原水为水华鱼腥藻形成的含藻原水,步骤(3)中CTS投加量0.25mg/L、PAC投加量2.00mg/L、含藻原水初始pH值7.9。
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CN114671546A (zh) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-28 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | 一种消除藻源有机物抑制的水体中藻类强化混凝去除方法 |
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CN114671546A (zh) * | 2022-04-02 | 2022-06-28 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | 一种消除藻源有机物抑制的水体中藻类强化混凝去除方法 |
CN114671546B (zh) * | 2022-04-02 | 2023-11-03 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | 一种消除藻源有机物抑制的水体中藻类强化混凝去除方法 |
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