CN110214644A - A kind of method for non-polluted cultivation reducing greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate - Google Patents
A kind of method for non-polluted cultivation reducing greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN110214644A CN110214644A CN201910583485.4A CN201910583485A CN110214644A CN 110214644 A CN110214644 A CN 110214644A CN 201910583485 A CN201910583485 A CN 201910583485A CN 110214644 A CN110214644 A CN 110214644A
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- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium bicarbonate Chemical compound [NH4+].OC([O-])=O ATRRKUHOCOJYRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 4
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- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for non-polluted cultivation for reducing greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate, the following steps are included: the first cultivation layer is laid with by (1) in greenhouse cultivated areas, nylon wire is covered, then be laid with the second cultivation layer on nylon wire top, upper layer is that third cultivates layer, transplanting Strawberry seedlings plantation；(2) moisture, temperature and the temperature difference in strawberry growth course are controlled, and uses red, blue light illumination in different times；(3) strawberry Post flowering, daily using pollination agent A manually to flower atomized spray, then the agent B that will pollinate is packed into greenhouse atomizer atomization process, and opens the ventilation opening ventilation of greenhouse two sides of the bottom simultaneously；(4) detoxification drosophila is subjected to mass propagation, is launched into greenhouse, complementary pollination is carried out to strawberry, to strawberry pollination period after drosophila is recycled.The method of the present invention reduces the malformed fruit rate during cultivated strawberry, improves the quality and mouthfeel of strawberry, and solves the problems, such as traditional strawberry pollination.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to strawberry cultivating technical fields, and in particular to a kind of nuisanceless cultivation for reducing greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate
Culture method.
Background technique
Vitamin C, vitamin A and other kind of biostearin rich in strawberry, and tannic acid rich in,
The nutritional ingredients such as strawberry amine and pectin have maintenance epithelial tissue health, improving eyesight nourishing the liver, enhancing development, and have and promote
It is with higher the effect of promoting the food digestion in gastrointestinal tract, improve constipation, prevent acne, intestinal cancer into the wriggling of gastrointestinal tract
Nutritive value, it is deep to be liked by modern people.But during cultivated strawberry, it is excessively thin that fruit occurs in the strawberry of harvest, is in chicken
Coronal, flat, fruit face is uneven or bull fruit, random type fruit, green top fruit, dehiscent fruit, mummy and empty fruit etc. are referred to as meaning strawberry
Malformed fruit, causing strawberry the reason of malformed fruit occur mainly includes low pollination rate, nitrogenous fertilizer use excess, soil drought and humidity mistake
The reasons such as big cause；Strawberry is monoecious plant, and Pollination Modes rely on self-pollination and medium Pollination Modes, but flower certainly
Pollination rate is low, and pollinates by honeybee, and bee activity is restricted, and at high cost, and bee death rate is high, causes matchmaker
The pollination that is situated between is difficult to play useful effect；And during cultivated strawberry, the ingredients such as Organic nutrient, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in soil
Configuration proportion and fertilization mode are uncoordinated, and strawberry fruit is easy to cause deformity occur.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention: strawberry is monoecious plant, and Pollination Modes rely on self-pollination and medium Pollination Modes,
But self-pollination rate is low, and pollinate by honeybee, bee activity is restricted, and at high cost, bee death rate
Height causes medium pollination to be difficult to play useful effect；And during cultivated strawberry, Organic nutrient in soil, nitrogen,
The ingredients such as phosphorus, potassium configuration proportion and fertilization mode are uncoordinated, and strawberry fruit is easy to cause deformity occur.To solve the above problems,
The present invention provides a kind of method for non-polluted cultivation for reducing greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of method for non-polluted cultivation reducing greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate, comprising the following steps:
(1) plantation layer processing: first charcoal powder, soil, swelled ground, basalt stone particle are mixed, then just be added nitrogenous fertilizer,
Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer stir evenly mixing, and the first cultivation layer is made；Organic fermentation fertilizer, soil and EM bacteria agent are matched according to quality
The second cultivation layer is made in mixing more uniform than 6-9:21-27:0.01-0.02；Soil investment is taken to kibble the 20- that mills in grinding machine
30min, then the soil through processing of milling is sterilized, third is made and cultivates layer；By the first cultivation layer in greenhouse cultivated areas
It is laid with 4-8cm thickness, nylon wire is covered, then be laid with the second cultivation layer of 10-15cm thickness on nylon wire top, then by third
It cultivates layer and is laid with 3-5cm thickness, transplanting Strawberry seedlings plantation in the second cultivation layer；
(2) Cultivate administration: soil moisture content strawberry Post flowering is maintained at 76%-83%, strawberry Post flowering, and canopy temperature is protected
It holds the day and night temperature during 18-22 DEG C, pollination and is lower than 4 DEG C；Before strawberry blooms, blue light illumination 2-3h was used within night every 8-10 days,
Used red light irradiation 1-2h within duration of flowering night every 3 days, it is that 3:2 mixed light irradiates 2- that as a result rear night use is red, blue light matches
3h；
(3) atomization pollination: strawberry Post flowering will pollination after 2h daily using pollination agent A manually to flower atomized spray 2 times
Agent B is packed into greenhouse atomizer, using atomizer to greenhouse atomization process 1-2h, and opens the ventilation opening of greenhouse two sides of the bottom simultaneously
Ventilation；
The pollination agent A, preparation method are as follows: according to quality meter part weigh 40-53 parts of sterile water, 1.2-2.3 parts of ferric lactate,
1.2-2.3 parts of zinc lactate, 2-4 parts of tyrosine, 5-7 parts of glucose are magnetized after taking ferric lactate and zinc lactate to mix using the pole magnet S
Pollination agent A is made then with tyrosine, glucose and sterile water mixing hand operated mixing 15-20min in processing；
The pollination agent B, preparation method are as follows: weigh 60-70 parts of sterile water, strawberry male pollen 1-2 according to quality meter part
Part, 2-3.4 parts of modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide, 0.5-0.9 parts of honey, 3-6 parts of ethyl alcohol, 2-5 parts of soybean lecithin；Take modified Nano
Ferroso-ferric oxide uses the pole magnet N magnetization treatment, then ingredient mixing hand operated mixing is prepared with other, in 24-28 DEG C of heat preservation 3-
Pollination agent B is made in 4h；
(4) insect pollination: by detoxification drosophila carry out mass propagation, must pollinate drosophila, strawberry bloom after into strawberry cultivating greenhouse
Launch pollination drosophila, each greenhouse about 2000-3000 head carries out complementary pollination to strawberry, to strawberry pollination period after it is right
Drosophila is recycled.
The first cultivation layer, is respectively configured to sub-prime meter part are as follows: 7-11 parts of charcoal powder, soil 43-58 described in step (1)
Part, 5-9 parts of swelled ground, 3-6 parts of Black Warrior stone particle, 1-3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4-8 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts of potash fertilizer.
The nitrogenous fertilizer is the mixture of ammonium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium chloride, quality proportioning 3:1；The phosphate fertilizer is fish-bone
Powder and calcium magnesium phosphate mixture, quality proportioning 2:5-7；The potash fertilizer is the mixing of plant ash, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate
Object, quality proportioning are followed successively by 0.5:2-3:7.
Organic fermentation fertilizer, preparation method are as follows: weigh 21-37 parts of coconut shell flour, sheep according to quality meter part described in step (1)
12-18 parts of excrement, 7-12 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of diatomite, 11-19 parts of Soybean Meal, 2-4 parts of ginkgo leaf, 1-3 parts of Folium Meliae, dragon
0.5-1 parts of shrimp shell, 0.2-0.7 parts of granite powder, 2-4 parts of orange peel, 1-2 parts of egg shell powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of garlic；It first will be upper
Each preparation ingredient mixing is stated, through thermophilic digestion and fermentation, organic fermentation fertilizer is made.
The thermophilic digestion, temperature are 90-100 DEG C.
Blue light described in step (2), intensity of illumination 170-230Lux；The feux rouges, intensity of illumination 210-
260Lux。
Modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide described in step (3), nano ferriferrous oxide is placed in plasma etching machine and is carved
Erosion processing 21-24min, wherein etching gas is carbon tetrafluoride in etching machine.
Detoxification drosophila described in step (4), mating system are as follows: taking quality proportioning is that fresh fruit pulp liquid, the milk of 3:1 stirs
Mixing is mixed, propagation substrate is obtained after sterilization processing, ultraviolet-sterilization is first carried out to 1 generation drosophila larvae, then using sodium hypochlorite to 1
3-5S is cleaned for drosophila larvae, 1 generation drosophila larvae must be sterilized, 1 generation drosophila larvae of sterilization is seeded in propagation substrate and cultivates 4-5
In generation, obtains detoxification drosophila.
The sodium hypochlorite, mass concentration are 0.5%-0.8%.
Nylon wire described in step (1), mesh mesh number are 80-100 mesh.
The present invention has the advantage that cultivation layer processing compared with prior art, and the first cultivation layer uses charcoal powder, Black Warrior stone
Particle and swelled ground can solidify wherein nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer and play slow releasing function, to improve planted area soil
Middle nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content in earth avoid later period excessive top dressing injury caused by strawberry fruit；Plantation management, to native in greenhouse
Earth moisture content, temperature and the temperature difference are controlled, and strawberry growth and growth and development can be improved, and reduce outside environmental elements to strawberry
It is adversely affected caused by pollination, fruit, and feux rouges, blue light illumination is carried out to the strawberry night of different stages of growth, can promote
Strawberry nutrition absorbs and growth and development, and improves the pollination rate and fruits nutrition absorbability of strawberry.Harvesting pollination agent A wherein contains
It is extremely magnetic to form it into N by the magnetization of the pole S, by spraying to strawberry flower, carries flower for some ferric lactates and zinc lactate
Then the pole N magnetic behavior carries out greenhouse atomization process using the extremely magnetic pollination agent B of S, wherein modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide can
Male strawberry pollen is carried, improves after atomization and is combined to the extremely magnetic flower of N, to improve the pollination rate of strawberry；After detoxification
Drosophila removes the germ that may be carried by several generations culture, and detoxification drosophila award in breeding investment greenhouse to strawberry
Powder can improve the pollination rate of strawberry flower by the effect of insect vector, to reduce malformed fruit rate, and drosophila pollination tool
Have the characteristics that at low cost, reproduction speed is fast, and the ingredients such as added glucose, honey and tyrosine in agent of pollinating, both may be used
Emulsification, the suspendability of pollination agent are improved, and attraction of the flower to drosophila can be improved, to improve the drosophila pollination frequency.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment 1:
A kind of method for non-polluted cultivation reducing greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate, comprising the following steps:
(1) plantation layer processing: first charcoal powder, soil, swelled ground, basalt stone particle are mixed, then just be added nitrogenous fertilizer,
Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer stir evenly mixing, and the first cultivation layer is made；Organic fermentation fertilizer, soil and EM bacteria agent are matched according to quality
The second cultivation layer is made in mixing more uniform than 6.2:22:0.013；Soil investment is taken to kibble the 21min that mills in grinding machine, then to through grinding
The soil of mill processing is sterilized, and third is made and cultivates layer；First cultivation layer is laid with 4.2cm thickness in greenhouse cultivated areas,
Nylon wire is covered, then is laid with the second cultivation layer of 11cm thickness on nylon wire top, then by third cultivation layer in the second cultivation
Layer is laid with 3.3cm thickness, transplanting Strawberry seedlings plantation；
(2) Cultivate administration: soil moisture content strawberry Post flowering is maintained at 77%, and strawberry Post flowering, canopy temperature is maintained at
19 DEG C, day and night temperature is lower than 4 DEG C during pollination；Before strawberry blooms, blue light illumination 2.5h, duration of flowering night were used within night every 8 days
Between use red light irradiation 1.5h within every 3 days, as a result after night use is red, blue light proportion is that 3:2 mixed light irradiates 2.5h；
(3) atomization pollination: strawberry Post flowering will pollination after 2h daily using pollination agent A manually to flower atomized spray 2 times
Agent B is packed into greenhouse atomizer, using atomizer to greenhouse atomization process 1.5h, and opens the ventilation opening of greenhouse two sides of the bottom simultaneously
Ventilation；
The pollination agent A, preparation method are as follows: weigh 41 parts of sterile water, 1.3 parts of ferric lactate, zinc lactate according to quality meter part
1.4 parts, 2.1 parts of tyrosine, 5.3 parts of glucose, using the pole magnet S magnetization treatment after taking ferric lactate and zinc lactate to mix, then
With tyrosine, glucose and sterile water mixing hand operated mixing 15-20min, pollination agent A is made；
The pollination agent B, preparation method are as follows: according to quality meter part weigh 62 parts of sterile water, 1.1 parts of strawberry male pollen,
2.4 parts of modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide, 0.6 part of honey, 3.5 parts of ethyl alcohol, 2.2 parts of soybean lecithin；Modified Nano four is taken to aoxidize three
Iron uses the pole magnet N magnetization treatment, then prepares ingredient mixing hand operated mixing with other, and in 25 DEG C of heat preservation 3.5h, pollination is made
Agent B；
(4) insect pollination: by detoxification drosophila carry out mass propagation, must pollinate drosophila, strawberry bloom after into strawberry cultivating greenhouse
Launch pollination drosophila, each greenhouse about 2400, complementary pollination carried out to strawberry, to strawberry pollination period after to drosophila into
Row recycling.
The first cultivation layer, is respectively configured to sub-prime meter part described in step (1) are as follows: 8 parts of charcoal powder, 44 parts of soil, swollen
Swollen native 6 parts, 4 parts of Black Warrior stone particle, 1.2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4.3 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3.2 parts of potash fertilizer.
The nitrogenous fertilizer is the mixture of ammonium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium chloride, quality proportioning 3:1；The phosphate fertilizer is fish-bone
Powder and calcium magnesium phosphate mixture, quality proportioning 2:5.1；The potash fertilizer is the mixing of plant ash, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate
Object, quality proportioning are followed successively by 0.5:2.1:7.
Organic fermentation fertilizer, preparation method are as follows: weigh 22 parts of coconut shell flour, sheep dung according to quality meter part described in step (1)
13 parts, 8 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of diatomite, 12 parts of Soybean Meal, 2.3 parts of ginkgo leaf, 1.2 parts of Folium Meliae, 0.6 part of lobster shell, Hua Gang
0.3 part of rock powder, 2.4 parts of orange peel, 1.2 parts of egg shell powder, 0.14 part of garlic；First above-mentioned each preparation ingredient is mixed, through high temperature
Organic fermentation fertilizer is made in boiling and fermentation.
The thermophilic digestion, temperature are 92 DEG C.
Blue light described in step (2), intensity of illumination 180Lux；The feux rouges, intensity of illumination 220Lux.
Modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide described in step (3), nano ferriferrous oxide is placed in plasma etching machine and is carved
Erosion processing 22min, wherein etching gas is carbon tetrafluoride in etching machine.
Detoxification drosophila described in step (4), mating system are as follows: taking quality proportioning is that fresh fruit pulp liquid, the milk of 3:1 stirs
Mixing is mixed, propagation substrate is obtained after sterilization processing, ultraviolet-sterilization is first carried out to 1 generation drosophila larvae, then using sodium hypochlorite to 1
3S is cleaned for drosophila larvae, 1 generation drosophila larvae must be sterilized, 1 generation drosophila larvae of sterilization is seeded in propagation substrate and cultivated for 4 generations,
Obtain detoxification drosophila.
The sodium hypochlorite, mass concentration are 0.53%.
Nylon wire described in step (1), mesh mesh number are 85 mesh.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of method for non-polluted cultivation reducing greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate, comprising the following steps:
(1) plantation layer processing: first charcoal powder, soil, swelled ground, basalt stone particle are mixed, then just be added nitrogenous fertilizer,
Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer stir evenly mixing, and the first cultivation layer is made；Organic fermentation fertilizer, soil and EM bacteria agent are matched according to quality
The second cultivation layer is made in mixing more uniform than 8.7:26:0.018；Soil investment is taken to kibble the 29min that mills in grinding machine, then to through grinding
The soil of mill processing is sterilized, and third is made and cultivates layer；First cultivation layer is laid with 7.6cm thickness in greenhouse cultivated areas,
Nylon wire is covered, then is laid with the second cultivation layer of 14cm thickness on nylon wire top, then by third cultivation layer in the second cultivation
Layer is laid with 4.8cm thickness, transplanting Strawberry seedlings plantation；
(2) Cultivate administration: soil moisture content strawberry Post flowering is maintained at 82%, and strawberry Post flowering, canopy temperature is maintained at
21 DEG C, day and night temperature is lower than 4 DEG C during pollination；Before strawberry blooms, blue light illumination 3h, duration of flowering night were used within night every 10 days
Use red light irradiation 2h within every 3 days, it is that 3:2 mixed light irradiates 3h that as a result rear night use is red, blue light matches；
(3) atomization pollination: strawberry Post flowering will pollination after 2h daily using pollination agent A manually to flower atomized spray 2 times
Agent B is packed into greenhouse atomizer, and using atomizer to greenhouse atomization process 2h, and the ventilation opening for opening greenhouse two sides of the bottom simultaneously is logical
Wind；
The pollination agent A, preparation method are as follows: weigh 52 parts of sterile water, 2.2 parts of ferric lactate, zinc lactate according to quality meter part
2.1 parts, 3.8 parts of tyrosine, 6.9 parts of glucose, using the pole magnet S magnetization treatment after taking ferric lactate and zinc lactate to mix, then
With tyrosine, glucose and sterile water mixing hand operated mixing 19min, pollination agent A is made；
The pollination agent B, preparation method are as follows: according to quality meter part weigh 68 parts of sterile water, 1.9 parts of strawberry male pollen,
3.3 parts of modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide, 0.85 part of honey, 5.8 parts of ethyl alcohol, 4.7 parts of soybean lecithin；Modified Nano four is taken to aoxidize three
Iron uses the pole magnet N magnetization treatment, then prepares ingredient mixing hand operated mixing with other, and in 27 DEG C of heat preservation 4h, pollination agent is made
B；
(4) insect pollination: by detoxification drosophila carry out mass propagation, must pollinate drosophila, strawberry bloom after into strawberry cultivating greenhouse
Launch pollination drosophila, each greenhouse about 2900, complementary pollination carried out to strawberry, to strawberry pollination period after to drosophila into
Row recycling.
The first cultivation layer, is respectively configured to sub-prime meter part described in step (1) are as follows: 10 parts of charcoal powder, 57 parts of soil, swollen
Swollen native 8.9 parts, 5.8 parts of Black Warrior stone particle, 2.7 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 7 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 4.8 parts of potash fertilizer.
The nitrogenous fertilizer is the mixture of ammonium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium chloride, quality proportioning 3:1；The phosphate fertilizer is fish-bone
Powder and calcium magnesium phosphate mixture, quality proportioning 2:6.8；The potash fertilizer is the mixing of plant ash, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate
Object, quality proportioning are followed successively by 0.5:2.8:7.
Organic fermentation fertilizer, preparation method are as follows: weigh 36 parts of coconut shell flour, sheep dung according to quality meter part described in step (1)
17 parts, 11 parts of humic acid, 9 parts of diatomite, 18 parts of Soybean Meal, 3.8 parts of ginkgo leaf, 2.9 parts of Folium Meliae, 0.9 part of lobster shell, Hua Gang
0.6 part of rock powder, 3.8 parts of orange peel, 1.9 parts of egg shell powder, 0.27 part of garlic；First above-mentioned each preparation ingredient is mixed, through high temperature
Organic fermentation fertilizer is made in boiling and fermentation.
The thermophilic digestion, temperature are 98 DEG C.
Blue light described in step (2), intensity of illumination 220Lux；The feux rouges, intensity of illumination 250Lux.
Modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide described in step (3), nano ferriferrous oxide is placed in plasma etching machine and is carved
Erosion processing 23min, wherein etching gas is carbon tetrafluoride in etching machine.
Detoxification drosophila described in step (4), mating system are as follows: taking quality proportioning is that fresh fruit pulp liquid, the milk of 3:1 stirs
Mixing is mixed, propagation substrate is obtained after sterilization processing, ultraviolet-sterilization is first carried out to 1 generation drosophila larvae, then using sodium hypochlorite to 1
5S is cleaned for drosophila larvae, 1 generation drosophila larvae must be sterilized, 1 generation drosophila larvae of sterilization is seeded in propagation substrate and cultivated for 5 generations,
Obtain detoxification drosophila.
The sodium hypochlorite, mass concentration are 0.76%.
Nylon wire described in step (1), mesh mesh number are 95 mesh.
Comparison 1:
This comparison 1 is not cultivated layer processing method, other steps and preparation ingredient using step (1) and is implemented compared with embodiment 1
Example 1 is identical.
Comparison 2:
This comparison 2 is compared with embodiment 2, not using nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer ingredient and fertilization mode in step (1), other steps
It is rapid same as Example 2.
Comparison 3:
This comparison 3 is compared with embodiment 1, and not using fermentation fertilizer organic in step (1), it is same as Example 1 that other prepare ingredient.
Comparison 4:
This comparison 4 is compared with embodiment 2, not using red, blue light illumination method, other steps and 2 phase of embodiment in step (2)
Together.
Control group 1: strawberry is planted using traditional approach.
Using embodiment 1, embodiment 2, comparison 1, comparison 2, comparison 3 and comparison 4,1 method for planting of control group, mutually of the same race
Identical strawberry cultivars are planted in growing area domain, to the growth rate of strawberry, strawberry per mu yield yield, total sugar content and solubility
Solid content carries out test comparison.
According to the measurement of NY/T 2637-2014 fruits and vegetables soluble solid content and GB/T 6194-1986 water
Fruits and vegetables soluble sugar measuring method tests strawberry.
Experimental data:
Table 1:
Synthesis result: by using present invention plantation layer processing method and Cultivate administration method, relative to control group 1, strawberry is raw
Long rate is improved 11.9% or more, and strawberry per mu yield output increased 310kg, total sugar content improves 0.79%, and soluble solid contains
Amount improve 1.04%, effectively raise strawberry growth rate and nutrient composition content therein.
Comparison 5:
This comparison 5 is compared with embodiment 1, and not using the agent A that pollinates in step (3), other steps are same as Example 1.
Comparison 6:
This comparison 6 does not use in step (3) ferric lactate and zinc lactate and processing method in the agent A that pollinates compared with embodiment 2,
His step is same as Example 2.
Comparison 7:
This comparison 7 is compared with embodiment 1, and not using the agent B that pollinates in step (3), other steps are same as Example 1.
Comparison 8:
This comparison 8 compared with embodiment 2, not using step (3) pollination agent B in improved ferroferric oxide, other prepare ingredients with
Embodiment 2 is identical.
Comparison 9:
This comparison 9 does not use step (4) drosophila pollinating method compared with embodiment 1, other steps are same as Example 1.
Control group 2: pollination processing is carried out to strawberry using honeybee pollination mode.
Using embodiment 1, embodiment 2, comparison 6, comparison 7, comparison 8, comparison 9 and 2 method of control group, in identical growing area
Identical strawberry cultivars are planted in domain, and seedling raising manners, plantation density and plantation time are all the same；Count the deformity of strawberry
Fruit rate, female flower pollination rate and pollination cost reduce ratio.
Experimental data:
Table 2:
Synthesis result: strawberry cultivation method of the present invention is used, compared with control group 2, malformed fruit rate reduces 8.73%, and female flower is awarded
Powder rate improves 20.7%, and cost of pollinating reduces ratio 21.9% or more；By making the method for the present invention effectively reduce grass
Malformed fruit rate in certain kind of berries cultivation, improves the quality and mouthfeel of strawberry, and solves the problems, such as traditional strawberry pollination, improves
While economic benefit, planting cost is reduced.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method for non-polluted cultivation for reducing greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate, which comprises the following steps:
(1) plantation layer processing: first charcoal powder, soil, swelled ground, basalt stone particle are mixed, then just be added nitrogenous fertilizer,
Phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer stir evenly mixing, and the first cultivation layer is made；Organic fermentation fertilizer, soil and EM bacteria agent are matched according to quality
The second cultivation layer is made in mixing more uniform than 6-9:21-27:0.01-0.02；Soil investment is taken to kibble the 20- that mills in grinding machine
30min, then the soil through processing of milling is sterilized, third is made and cultivates layer；By the first cultivation layer in greenhouse cultivated areas
It is laid with 4-8cm thickness, nylon wire is covered, then be laid with the second cultivation layer of 10-15cm thickness on nylon wire top, then by third
It cultivates layer and is laid with 3-5cm thickness, transplanting Strawberry seedlings plantation in the second cultivation layer；
(2) Cultivate administration: soil moisture content strawberry Post flowering is maintained at 76%-83%, strawberry Post flowering, and canopy temperature is protected
It holds the day and night temperature during 18-22 DEG C, pollination and is lower than 4 DEG C；Before strawberry blooms, blue light illumination 2-3h was used within night every 8-10 days,
Used red light irradiation 1-2h within duration of flowering night every 3 days, it is that 3:2 mixed light irradiates 2- that as a result rear night use is red, blue light matches
3h；
(3) atomization pollination: strawberry Post flowering will pollination after 2h daily using pollination agent A manually to flower atomized spray 2 times
Agent B is packed into greenhouse atomizer, using atomizer to greenhouse atomization process 1-2h, and opens the ventilation opening of greenhouse two sides of the bottom simultaneously
Ventilation；
The pollination agent A, which is characterized in that preparation method are as follows: weigh 40-53 parts of sterile water, lactic acid according to quality meter part
1.2-2.3 parts of iron, 1.2-2.3 parts of zinc lactate, 2-4 parts of tyrosine, 5-7 parts of glucose make after taking ferric lactate and zinc lactate to mix
Pollination agent is made then with tyrosine, glucose and sterile water mixing hand operated mixing 15-20min with the pole magnet S magnetization treatment
A；
The pollination agent B, which is characterized in that preparation method are as follows: weigh 60-70 parts of sterile water, strawberry according to quality meter part
Male pollen 1-2 parts, 2-3.4 parts of modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide, 0.5-0.9 parts of honey, 3-6 parts of ethyl alcohol, soybean lecithin 2-5
Part；It takes modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide using the pole magnet N magnetization treatment, then prepares ingredient mixing hand operated mixing with other,
Pollination agent B is made in 24-28 DEG C of heat preservation 3-4h；
(4) insect pollination: by detoxification drosophila carry out mass propagation, must pollinate drosophila, strawberry bloom after into strawberry cultivating greenhouse
Launch pollination drosophila, each greenhouse about 2000-3000 head carries out complementary pollination to strawberry, to strawberry pollination period after it is right
Drosophila is recycled.
2. reducing the method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) the first cultivation layer described in, is respectively configured to sub-prime meter part are as follows: 7-11 parts of charcoal powder, 43-58 parts of soil, swelled ground 5-9
Part, 3-6 parts of Black Warrior stone particle, 1-3 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 4-8 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 3-5 parts of potash fertilizer.
3. reducing the method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that described
Nitrogenous fertilizer is the mixture of ammonium hydrogen carbonate and ammonium chloride, quality proportioning 3:1；The phosphate fertilizer is that fishbone dust and calcium magnesium phosphate are mixed
Close object, quality proportioning 2:5-7；The potash fertilizer is the mixture of plant ash, potassium chloride and potassium sulfate, and quality proportioning is
0.5:2-3:7。
4. reducing the method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) organic fermentation fertilizer described in, preparation method are as follows: weigh 21-37 parts of coconut shell flour, 12-18 parts of sheep dung, corruption according to quality meter part
Grow 7-12 parts sour, 5-10 parts of diatomite, 11-19 parts of Soybean Meal, 2-4 parts of ginkgo leaf, 1-3 parts of Folium Meliae, 0.5-1 parts of lobster shell,
0.2-0.7 parts of granite powder, 2-4 parts of orange peel, 1-2 parts of egg shell powder, 0.1-0.3 parts of garlic；First by above-mentioned each preparation ingredient
Organic fermentation fertilizer is made through thermophilic digestion and fermentation in mixing.
5. reducing the method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(2) blue light described in, intensity of illumination 170-230Lux；The feux rouges, intensity of illumination 210-260Lux.
6. reducing the method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(3) nano ferriferrous oxide is placed in etching processing 21- in plasma etching machine by the modified Nano ferroso-ferric oxide described in
24min, wherein etching gas is carbon tetrafluoride in etching machine.
7. reducing the method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(4) the detoxification drosophila described in, mating system are as follows: taking quality proportioning is that fresh fruit pulp liquid, the milk of 3:1 is stirred, through killing
Propagation substrate is obtained after bacterium processing, ultraviolet-sterilization is first carried out to 1 generation drosophila larvae, then using sodium hypochlorite to 1 generation drosophila larvae
3-5S is cleaned, 1 generation drosophila larvae must be sterilized, 1 generation drosophila larvae of sterilization is seeded to culture 4-5 generation in propagation substrate, obtains detoxification
Drosophila.
8. reducing the method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate as claimed in claim 7, which is characterized in that described
Sodium hypochlorite, mass concentration are 0.5%-0.8%.
9. reducing the method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(1) nylon wire described in, mesh mesh number are 80-100 mesh.
10. reducing the method for non-polluted cultivation of greenhouse strawberry malformed fruit rate as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that described
Thermophilic digestion, temperature be 90-100 DEG C.
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| CN115413538A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-02 | 上海新弘生态农业有限公司 | How to grow strawberries |
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