CN110212756B - A low-cost DC voltage doubler - Google Patents
A low-cost DC voltage doubler Download PDFInfo
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- CN110212756B CN110212756B CN201910593921.6A CN201910593921A CN110212756B CN 110212756 B CN110212756 B CN 110212756B CN 201910593921 A CN201910593921 A CN 201910593921A CN 110212756 B CN110212756 B CN 110212756B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/06—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
- H02M3/07—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps
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Abstract
The invention discloses a manufacturing technology and an implementation method of a low-cost direct-current voltage multiplier based on a voltage doubling rectifying technology, which comprises an astable multivibrator circuit, a current limiting circuit, a complementary push-pull power amplifying circuit and a two-voltage doubling rectifying circuit, wherein the astable multivibrator is a square wave generator with the working frequency of 8.5kHz formed by an IC 1 and a peripheral circuit, and square wave signals push two exciting tubes of the complementary push-pull amplifying circuit to conduct alternately.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a low-cost direct-current voltage multiplier based on voltage doubling rectifying technology, which directly obtains direct-current high voltage from direct-current low voltage, wherein the traditional method can adopt a DC/DC module circuit, but the cost is higher, a low-cost direct-current voltage multiplier circuit is designed, a multivibrator circuit consisting of a time base circuit NE555 is adopted to form a square wave signal generator, and the square wave signal pushes two excitation tubes of a complementary push-pull amplifying circuit to conduct alternately.
Background
In theory, the method is easy to realize by obtaining a direct-current voltage with a lower value from a certain direct-current voltage, and can be realized by connecting a resistor in series between a voltage source and a load only when the requirement on output current is not high and the voltage stabilization of the output voltage is not required, and the method can realize the step-down output by using a three-terminal voltage stabilizer of 78 or 79 series when the requirement is slightly high, so that the effect is good and the calibration current can reach about 1.5A.
However, the method of obtaining the direct current high voltage from the direct current low voltage is somewhat troublesome, the simplest method is to use a DC-DC converter module, and a plurality of models are available for selection, but the cost is somewhat high.
If the design is self-designed, the most commonly used scheme is that a single-tube self-oscillation circuit or other self-oscillation circuits are utilized to generate constant amplitude pulse signals with certain frequency, the pulse signals are input from a switching transformer, the secondary of the transformer can obtain the same-frequency rising (or falling) pulse signals after transformation, and then the required direct-current voltage is obtained through rectification, filtering and voltage stabilization. The scheme has the advantages that only a proper switching transformer is selected, not only can boost direct current output be obtained, but also buck direct current output can be obtained, and certainly, the output power cannot exceed the original voltage source power, and the output current cannot exceed the maximum working current of the oscillating tube.
The low-cost direct-current voltage booster circuit based on the voltage doubling rectifying technology can be designed, the scheme firstly generates a pulse signal from direct-current voltage, the direct-current voltage output which is multiplied by the original voltage source (more than or equal to 2 times) can be easily obtained by utilizing the voltage doubling rectifying technology, and the premise that a load is no-load is the premise of the design scheme and is in a steady state is provided. When the circuit is loaded, it will not be possible for the output voltage to reach multiples of the pulse amplitude. In order to make up for the defect that the output voltage of the scheme greatly fluctuates along with the load, the 78 or 79 series three-terminal voltage stabilizer can be utilized to realize the final stable voltage output, and the output power of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer needs to consider the power of the original voltage source and the loss power of the three-terminal voltage stabilizer.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a low-cost direct-current voltage multiplier which has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and reliable use and is different from the traditional DC/DC module circuit.
The invention provides a low-cost direct-current voltage multiplier based on a voltage multiplying rectification technology, which comprises an astable multivibrator circuit, a current limiting circuit, a complementary push-pull power amplifying circuit and a double-voltage rectifying circuit, wherein the astable multivibrator is a square wave generator with the working frequency of 8.5kHz formed by an integrated circuit IC 1 and a peripheral circuit, the integrated circuit IC1 is NE555, input voltages, namely a power supply voltage 12V of an IC 1, resistors R1 and R2, a capacitor C1 and a working ground are sequentially connected, the resistor R2 is connected between 6 feet and 7 feet of the IC 1, the 5 feet of the astable multivibrator circuit are connected with the capacitor C2, stability of a reference voltage U r1 of an internal comparator N1 of the IC1 and the reference voltage U r2 of the comparator N2 can be improved, square wave signals generated by the astable multivibrator are simultaneously connected with the resistor R3, namely a voltage boosting circuit, namely a resistor R3 is connected with the complementary push-pull power amplifying circuit, a voltage C1 is connected with a capacitor C2, and a capacitor C2 is connected with a positive electrode of a capacitor C2 of the positive electrode of the capacitor C2 of the bipolar transistor, and a negative electrode of the bipolar transistor C2 is connected with a capacitor C2 of the positive electrode of the bipolar transistor C2 of the bipolar transistor.
Drawings
Fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 are schematic diagrams of low-cost dc voltage doubler circuits, fig. 3 is a 555 timer circuit, and fig. 4 is a waveform diagram of a 555 oscillator circuit output, for providing a further understanding of the present application, and forming part of the present application.
Detailed Description
Low-cost direct-current voltage multiplier based on voltage doubling rectification
The voltage-multiplying rectification technology is utilized to obtain the direct-current voltage output in multiple, the direct-current power supply is not limited to generate pulse signals with certain frequency, and then the voltage-multiplying rectification technology is utilized to obtain the required voltage output.
Voltage doubling rectifying technology
The voltage doubler rectifying technology is that an output voltage which is several times the voltage of the secondary side of the transformer can be obtained by a plurality of capacitors and diodes by utilizing the storage function of a filter capacitor, and is called as a voltage doubler rectifying circuit. As shown in fig. 1, the voltage doubler rectifying circuit is provided.
In the double voltage rectifying circuit shown in fig. 1, u 2 is the effective value of the secondary side voltage of the transformer. The working principle of the diode is briefly described as follows, when u 2 is in the positive half cycle, the point A is "+", the point B is "-", so that the diode D 1 is conducted, the diode D 2 is cut off, the capacitor C 1 is charged, the current is shown as a solid line in the figure, the voltage polarity on the capacitor C 1 is right "+" left "-", and the maximum value can be reachedU 2. When u 2 is negative half cycle, point A is "-", point B is "+", voltage on capacitor C 1 is added with voltage of secondary side of transformer to make diode D 2 be conducted and D 1 be cut off, capacitor C 2 is charged, current is shown as dotted line in the figure, voltage polarity on C 2 is "+" up "-", maximum value can be up to 2U2。
It can be seen that the capacitor C 1 has a charge storage function, so that the output voltage (i.e., the voltage on the capacitor C 2) is 2 times of the peak voltage of the secondary side of the transformer, and the output voltage with the required multiple can be realized by using the same principle.
Low-cost DC voltage multiplier electric principle
When a higher voltage is to be obtained from a certain dc voltage, the dc voltage doubling circuit described herein can be used, and this type of application is practical because of the small current required for the application and the low cost. The electrical schematic is shown in figure 2.
As can be seen from figure 2, the low-cost direct-current voltage multiplier consists of an astable multivibrator circuit, a current limiting circuit, a complementary push-pull power amplifying circuit and a double voltage rectifying circuit.
Astable multivibrator circuit
An astable multivibrator circuit is formed by an integrated circuit IC 1 (NE 555) and peripheral elements, the NE555 timer has lower cost and very reliable performance, and comprises two voltage comparators, three equivalent series resistors, an RS trigger, a discharge tube T and a power output stage, wherein the RS trigger is used for providing two reference voltages of 1/3U CC and 2/3U CC. The internal voltage standard uses three resistances of 5K, so a name 555 circuit is shown in figure 3.
The 555 circuit only needs to be externally connected with a plurality of resistors and capacitors, so that pulse generation and conversion circuits such as a multivibrator, a monostable trigger, a Schmitt trigger and the like can be realized, the pulse generation and conversion circuits are the most commonly used functions of the 555 circuit, and in the design, the 555 circuit works in an astable multivibrator mode and is simply introduced.
The two input ends of the threshold end T H (6 pins) signal and the trigger end T L (2 pins) signal of the 555 timer are connected together to be used as signal input ends, see figure 2, so as to obtain a Schmitt trigger circuit, and then the inverted output end of the Schmitt trigger circuit(See figure 3) is connected back to its input via an R/C integrating circuit (see figure 2, integrating circuit consisting of resistor R2 and capacitor C1) to form a multivibrator circuit.
In order to reduce the load of the inverter gate G (see fig. 3), when the capacity of the capacitor C1 in the R/C integrating circuit is large, it is not preferable to directly supply the charge-discharge current of the capacitor by the inverter G, and for this reason, in the circuit of fig. 3, the discharge tube T D and the resistor R 1 (see fig. 2) are connected to form an inverter, and the voltage of 7 pins of the output U D(IC1 is identical to the voltage of the output U O of the counter 555 in a high-low level state. The integrated circuit formed by U D and capacitor C 1 through resistor R 2 can also be connected to the input end of the Schmitt trigger to form a multivibrator circuit, see figure 2.
Then the voltage U C1 on the capacitor C 1 will oscillate reciprocally between U T+ (rising edge threshold voltage of the schmitt trigger circuit, 2/3V CC) and U T— (falling edge threshold voltage of the schmitt trigger circuit, 1/3V CC), the waveforms of U C1 and U O (3 feet) will be as shown in fig. 4. In order to improve the stability of the reference voltage U r1 of the comparator N1 and the reference voltage U r2 of the comparator N2, a filter capacitor C 2 of about 0.01uF is usually connected to the CO terminal (5 pins).
The frequency of the multivibrator circuit is determined by resistor R 2 and capacitor C 1. According to the parameters shown in fig. 2, astable multivibrator IC 1 is a square wave generator operating at 8.5 kHz.
Current limiting circuit
The current limiting circuit is composed of a resistor R 3 connected between the output end (3 pins) of the oscillating circuit and the complementary push-pull amplifying circuit, the current limiting resistor R 3 can prevent the signal source from being overloaded, if no resistor R 3 exists, the load of the signal source (oscillating signal) is the base-emission resistor R BE of the transistor T 1 or 、T2, no low impedance is allowed, no resistor R 3 exists, and the signal source is overloaded. It can also be said that the voltage drop occurs across the resistor R 3 by changing the current output of the signal source to a voltage output. In summary, the final objective is to achieve impedance matching of the signal source to the load.
Complementary push-pull amplifying circuit and double voltage rectifying output circuit
The complementary push-pull circuit is an amplifying or oscillating circuit completed by using elements with two polarities, and the complementary elements are conducted in turn when the circuit works, so that the problem of phase inversion of the unipolar elements during working can be overcome, and the circuit work can be directly completed. For example, when the input signal is positive, the NPN tube in bipolar is conducted, the PNP tube is automatically cut off due to the polarity, and when the input signal of the circuit is negative, the PNP tube is conducted and the NPN tube is cut off. The on-off can be automatically completed regardless of the change of the signal, thereby completing the circuit work.
As can be seen from fig. 2, NPN transistor T 1 and PNP transistor T 2 are two excitation transistors with different polarities, which form a complementary push-pull amplifier circuit, and two transistors are excited simultaneously by one signal, and the excitation signal is derived from 555 to form a square wave signal output by the multivibrator circuit. The capacitor C 3、C4 and the diode D 1、D2 form a double voltage rectifying circuit, and a required direct current boost voltage value can be obtained through the double voltage rectifying circuit.
When the 3 pin of IC 1 is low, the driver T 1 is turned off and T 2 is turned on, and at this time, since the load of capacitor C 3 is connected to ground, the capacitor C 3 is charged through diode D 1 and the collector-emitter of driver T 2, and when the 3 pin of IC 1 is high, driver T 2 is turned off and T 1 is turned on, since diode D 1 is present, capacitor C 3 cannot be discharged through D 1, but power supply 12V can charge capacitor C 4 through diode D 1、D2, so the charging voltage on capacitor C 4 can reach the sum of the voltages across 12V and C 3、D1 of the power supply voltage.
In our prototype, the voltage can reach 20V, but the maximum current cannot exceed 70mA, the output voltage drops to 18V with 80% efficiency when the output current is 70mA, and we have not tested other supply voltage circuits, but can determine that any voltage not exceeding the NE555 integrated block operating voltage is feasible.
If the output is needed to be stabilized, a three-terminal voltage stabilizing integrated circuit, such as 78LXX series, can be connected, but the voltage regulating integrated circuit itself also consumes the output current of the voltage doubling rectifying circuit, so that the output current is reduced.
Make notes
The complementary push-pull circuit has high stability and reliable operation, and can complete a circuit form which cannot be formed by the valve circuit by using transistors, thereby having great benefits for simplifying and integrating the circuit. However, the complementary circuit, especially the power stage application, has high requirements on elements, and the excitation tube pairing and the like need to be carefully selected.
The withstand voltage of the charging capacitor takes the voltage of the power supply as a reference value instead of the voltage of the power supply, and once the output voltage value of the voltage doubling rectifying circuit exceeds the withstand voltage limit value of the capacitor, the capacitor is easy to break down or explode.
Since NE555 has a minimum operating voltage of 4.5v or more and a large current, it is not suitable for supplying a dc voltage booster of a 3v battery, but it can be solved by selecting 555cmos or other mos chips.
The design circuit has simple structure, and the power supply current required by the common small-signal amplifying circuit is very small, so that the low-cost double-voltage rectifying circuit is adopted to obtain the required boosted direct-current voltage value as long as the load is selected, and the low-cost double-voltage rectifying circuit is an economical and efficient choice.
Claims (1)
1. The low-cost direct-current voltage multiplier is characterized by comprising an astable multivibrator circuit, a current limiting circuit, a complementary push-pull power amplifying circuit and a double-voltage rectifying circuit; the astable multivibrator is a square wave generator with the working frequency of 8.5kHz, which is formed by an integrated circuit IC1 and a peripheral circuit, the model of the integrated circuit IC1 is NE555, the input voltage is 12V of the power supply voltage of the IC1, the resistors R1 and R2, the capacitor C1 and the working place are sequentially connected, and the resistor R2 is connected between 6 pins and 7 pins of the IC 1; the capacitor C2 is connected between the pin 5 of the IC1 of the astable multivibrator circuit and the working ground to improve the stability of the reference voltage Ur1 of the comparator N1 and the reference voltage Ur2 of the comparator N2 in the IC1, square wave signals generated by the astable multivibrator circuit are simultaneously connected with the bases of the transistors T1 and T2 of the complementary push-pull power amplifying circuit through the current limiting circuit, namely the resistor R3, the emitter of the transistor T1 is connected with the emitter of the transistor T2, the collector of the transistor T1 is connected with 12V for supplying power, the collector of the transistor T2 is connected with the working ground, the connection point of the emitters of the transistors T1 and T2 is connected with the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C3 of the doubly-voltage rectifying circuit, the anode of the C3 is simultaneously connected with the N pole of the rectifying diode D1 and the P pole of the rectifying diode D2, the N pole of the rectifying diode D2 is connected with the anode of the electrolytic capacitor C4 of the doubly-voltage rectifying circuit, the cathode of the electrolytic capacitor C4 is connected with the working ground, the voltage at two ends of the electrolytic capacitor C4 is the output voltage after being boosted by the voltage multiplier.
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| CN113258550A (en) * | 2020-02-07 | 2021-08-13 | 法雷奥汽车空调湖北有限公司 | Voltage multiplier system |
| CN115347810A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-11-15 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Resonant Converters and Power Adapters |
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| CN209731072U (en) * | 2019-07-03 | 2019-12-03 | 山西工程技术学院 | Low cost DC voltage based on voltage multiplying rectifier rises device again |
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| DE3540920A1 (en) * | 1985-11-19 | 1987-05-21 | Werner Dipl Ing Gaertner | Frequency generator with raised oscillating circuit voltage |
| US6285251B1 (en) * | 1998-04-02 | 2001-09-04 | Ericsson Inc. | Amplification systems and methods using fixed and modulated power supply voltages and buck-boost control |
| JP2008178263A (en) * | 2007-01-22 | 2008-07-31 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Buck-boost switching regulator and reverse current prevention method for buck-boost switching regulator |
| CN101685980B (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2012-11-14 | 力博特公司 | Full-bridge zero-voltage boost switching resonant converter based on LLC used for UPS |
| JP5511225B2 (en) * | 2009-06-03 | 2014-06-04 | ローム株式会社 | Boost switching power supply |
| CN201893723U (en) * | 2010-12-13 | 2011-07-06 | 佛山市顺德区瑞德电子实业有限公司 | Simple inverter circuit |
| CN103906290A (en) * | 2014-04-22 | 2014-07-02 | 周云侠 | 12-V direct-current fluorescent lamp |
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