CN110202102A - The method and its crystallizer of slab crystal growth in a kind of promotion crystallizer - Google Patents
The method and its crystallizer of slab crystal growth in a kind of promotion crystallizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN110202102A CN110202102A CN201910498675.6A CN201910498675A CN110202102A CN 110202102 A CN110202102 A CN 110202102A CN 201910498675 A CN201910498675 A CN 201910498675A CN 110202102 A CN110202102 A CN 110202102A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000010583 slow cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 138
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 111
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 101
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 94
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 47
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009751 slip forming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 38
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 45
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 22
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 206010040844 Skin exfoliation Diseases 0.000 description 10
- 230000035618 desquamation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/055—Cooling the moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
- B22D11/057—Manufacturing or calibrating the moulds
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Abstract
A kind of method of slab crystal growth in promotion crystallizer, it is from crystallizer injection molten steel suitable for reading, molten steel is flowed from crystallizer downward mouth direction suitable for reading, successively by preliminary chilling, slow cooling and sizing chilling three-stage cooling step, and formed appearance be solidified shell inside be not solidified molten steel slab after, under crystallizer mouth pull out；The preliminary chilling step is that, by the molten steel of injection by preliminary cooling rapidly, sizing forms the thin stock shell of molten steel periphery；The slow cooling step is, slows down the solidification of molten steel by slow cooling, while continuously forming green shell；The sizing chilling step is, continues to pull downward on slab and crystallisation by cooling molten steel, to solidify the green shell for forming required thickness.Green shell crystal growth uniformity is promoted while improving pulling speed of continuous casting.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crystallizers for continuous casting of steel.
Background
The continuous casting process of casting high temperature molten steel into casting blank with certain cross section shape and certain size is called continuous casting.
The crystallizer is a continuous casting equipment which receives the poured molten steel and solidifies it into a firm shell according to a specified cross-sectional shape, and is the most critical component of a continuous casting machine, and the structure, material and performance parameters of the crystallizer play a decisive role in the quality of a casting blank and the production capacity of the casting machine. The molten steel is rapidly cooled in the water-cooled crystallizer to form a casting blank with the outer surface of the solidified blank shell and the inner part of the solidified blank shell being non-solidified molten steel. The solidified shell at the outlet of the lower end of the crystallizer is required to be thick enough to ensure that the molten steel in the crystallizer does not flow out. As the pulling rolls slowly pull the cast slab with the liquid core out of the mold, the molten steel in the tundish is also continuously poured into the mold at the same time. Thus, a long cast slab with a liquid core can be obtained.
If the residence time of the molten steel in the crystallizer is slightly long, the crystallization of the molten steel is facilitated, but the pulling speed of the continuous casting machine is influenced. The current development direction is high-pulling-speed continuous casting, but under the condition of high pulling speed, the crystal growth uniformity of a casting blank shell of a casting blank is influenced, and the phenomena of rhombus change and desquamation are easy to occur after the casting blank is pulled out of a crystallizer, so that the current high-speed continuous casting can only realize one-time pulling speed of 2.8 meters per minute.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above circumstances, the present invention provides a method for promoting the growth of a slab crystal in a mold and a mold thereof, which can improve the pulling rate of continuous casting and the uniformity of the shell crystal growth.
The method for promoting the crystal growth of the casting blank in the crystallizer comprises the steps of injecting molten steel from an upper opening of the crystallizer, enabling the molten steel to flow from the upper opening of the crystallizer to a lower opening of the crystallizer, sequentially carrying out three cooling steps of primary quenching, slow cooling and shaping quenching, forming a casting blank with the appearance that the inside of a solidified blank shell is non-solidified molten steel, and then drawing the casting blank from a lower opening of the crystallizer;
the preliminary quenching step is that the injected molten steel is subjected to preliminary rapid cooling and is shaped to form a thin billet shell at the periphery of the molten steel;
the slow cooling step is that the solidification of the molten steel is slowed down through slow cooling, and a blank shell is continuously formed at the same time;
and the shaping and quenching step is to continuously pull the casting blank downwards and cool the crystallized molten steel so as to solidify and form a blank shell with the required thickness.
In the continuous casting production, in order to maintain the passability of molten steel and a casting blank thereof, prevent the molten steel from being bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, reduce the friction resistance during the blank drawing, improve the surface quality of the casting blank and prolong the service life of the crystallizer, the inner wall of a copper pipe of the crystallizer needs to be a smooth surface. After molten steel enters the crystallizer, the molten steel quickly contacts with the smooth inner wall and takes away heat, the crystal growth uniformity of a casting blank shell is influenced, and phenomena of rhombus change and desquamation easily occur after the casting blank is pulled out of the crystallizer.
By the slow cooling step, when the billet shell is thin, the solidification of molten steel can be slowed down, a growing air gap is artificially provided for the casting blank, the growth of the billet shell of the continuous casting billet at the position is artificially optimized, the casting blank grows more uniformly, the billet is not easy to generate rhombus and fall off after being discharged out of a crystallizer, and the pulling speed of a continuous casting machine is favorably improved.
Preferably, the slow cooling step is to provide a slow cooling air gap between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the corresponding molten steel and the billet shell thereof. By providing the slow cooling air gap, the solidification of the molten steel at the position can be slowed down, and a growing air gap is artificially provided for the casting blank, so that the growth of the shell of the continuous casting blank at the position is artificially optimized, and the casting blank grows more uniformly.
Preferably, the shape-setting quenching step is to provide a cooling air gap between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the shell thereof.
Preferably, in the slow cooling step and the shaping and quenching step, a cooling air gap is respectively provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell thereof at the corresponding position, and the size of the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step is consistent with that of the cooling air gap provided in the shaping and quenching step. A cooling air gap with the same size is respectively provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell at the corresponding position, so that the more consistent cooling effect is ensured, and the crystal growth of the billet shell of the casting billet is more uniform.
Preferably, in the slow cooling step and the shaping and quenching step, a cooling air gap is respectively provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell thereof at the corresponding position, and the size of the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step is consistent with that of the cooling air gap provided in the shaping and quenching step; in the slow cooling step, a slow cooling air gap is provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell thereof at the corresponding position, and the slow cooling air gap and the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step are superposed to form an actual air gap provided in the slow cooling step. In the slow cooling step and the shaping and quenching step, cooling air gaps with the same size are respectively provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the blank shell of the molten steel at the corresponding positions, so that the more consistent cooling effect is ensured, and the crystal growth of the blank shell of the casting blank is more uniform on the whole. In the slow cooling step, a slow cooling air gap is provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell thereof at the corresponding position, and the cooling effects of the inner wall of the crystallizer and the billet shell thereof can be superposed in the slow cooling step, namely the slow cooling air gap and the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step are superposed to form an actual air gap provided in the slow cooling step and is slightly larger than the cooling air gaps at other positions, so that the slow cooling effect is formed at the slow cooling position, the growth of the billet shell of the continuous casting billet at the position can be optimized when the billet shell is thinner, and the casting billet can grow more uniformly.
Preferably, the slow cooling air gaps are distributed in a plurality of directions, and the sum of the areas of the distributed air gaps is smaller than the sum of the areas of other parts of the inner wall of the crystallizer where the slow cooling air gaps are located. The influence on the fluidity of the casting blank is reduced, the casting blank can smoothly move from the upper opening to the lower opening of the crystallizer in the crystallizer, the molten steel is bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, the friction resistance in the blank drawing process is reduced, the surface quality of the casting blank is improved, and the service life of the crystallizer is prolonged.
Preferably, the crystallizer comprises a preliminary quenching and shaping section, a slow cooling section and a crystallization and shaping section, wherein the preliminary quenching and shaping section is arranged at the upper opening of the crystallizer, the crystallization and shaping section is arranged at the lower opening of the crystallizer, and the slow cooling section is arranged between the preliminary quenching and shaping section and the crystallization and shaping section; a plurality of inner grooves are formed in the inner wall of the crystallizer at the slow cooling section, and the inner grooves are positioned at the upper part of the crystallizer and are close to the upper opening end of the crystallizer; the inner wall of the crystallizer is in a shape of an inverted cone, and the area of the upper opening of the crystallizer is larger than that of the lower opening of the crystallizer.
By adding the inner groove structure on the basis of the high-pulling-speed copper pipe (high-pulling-speed crystallizer), the integration is optimized, the blank shell at the section can grow more uniformly, and the blank shell crack easily caused by excessive quenching is prevented.
The inner groove is arranged, so that the solidification of molten steel can be slowed down, a growing air gap is artificially provided for a casting blank, the growth of a blank shell of the continuous casting blank at the position is artificially optimized, the casting blank grows more uniformly, the casting blank is difficult to rhombus change and desquamation after being discharged out of the crystallizer, and the pulling speed of a continuous casting machine is favorably improved. Tests prove that the crystallizer and the method thereof can realize the pulling speed of one time only in meter per minute at present in the high-speed continuous casting.
The taper of the crystallizer with a big top and a small bottom is a negative number and is called as the back taper. Because the molten steel shrinks when being solidified into a billet shell, the gap between the casting billet and the inner wall of the crystallizer can be gradually enlarged, and the cooling effect of the crystallizer on the molten steel is weakened. The back taper reduces the air gap between the cast slab and the mold wall, thus increasing the cooling effect of the mold, and in order to make the billet have good thermal conductivity in the lower part of the mold, the back taper is required to be from.
By setting the inner wall of the crystallizer to be in the shape of an inverted cone, a cooling air gap can be respectively provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the blank shell thereof at the corresponding position in the slow cooling step and the shaping and quenching step. In actual production, since the gap between the cast strand and the inner wall of the mold gradually increases due to solidification and shrinkage of molten steel, an air gap is directly formed without being separately provided, but the air gap directly formed gradually increases, and the cooling effect of the mold on the molten steel is impaired. Therefore, the air gap needs to be controlled optimally, and the optimal means is to control the size of the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step to be consistent with that of the cooling air gap provided in the shaping and quenching step, namely, to provide a crystallizer copper tube with an inverted taper, and in the slow cooling step and the shaping and quenching step, a cooling air gap with the consistent size is provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the blank shell thereof at the corresponding position respectively, so as to ensure a more consistent cooling effect. In other words, the provision of the cooling air gap substantially controls the size of the air gap directly formed, and the arrangement of the inverse taper also makes the air gap smaller to improve the heat dissipation and cooling effect.
The inner walls of the crystallizer at the slow cooling section are provided with the inner grooves, so that slow cooling air gaps between the inner walls of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell at the corresponding position can be formed, the growth of the billet shell of the continuous casting billet at the position is optimized, and the casting billet grows more uniformly.
The inner groove is formed in the inner wall of the inverted cone crystallizer, so that the cooling effect of the slow cooling step and the cooling effect of the inverse cone crystallizer can be superposed, namely the slow cooling air gap and the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step are superposed to form an actual air gap provided in the slow cooling step and slightly larger than the cooling air gaps at other parts, so that the slow cooling effect is formed at the slow cooling part, the growth of the blank shell of the continuous casting blank at the part can be optimized when the blank shell is thinner, and the casting blank can grow more uniformly.
Preferably, the plurality of inner groove arrays are arranged at the upper part of the inner wall of the crystallizer. The inner groove is arranged on the upper part of the crystallizer, so that a slow cooling effect is formed at the initial stage of blank shell formation, a relatively average cooling effect is integrally formed, and the growth uniformity of blank shell crystals is improved under the condition of relatively high pulling speed. Because the shell formed just now is thinner, under the condition of rapid cooling, the shell can grow and thicken inwards rapidly, the crystal growth uniformity of the casting blank shell is affected, and the phenomena of rhombus change and desquamation are easy to occur after the casting blank is pulled out of the crystallizer. In the lower part of the crystallizer, because the blank shell is relatively thick, the cooling effect of the unset molten steel in the blank shell is not better than that of the upper part of the crystallizer under the same cooling condition, and therefore, an inner groove does not need to be arranged for slow cooling.
Preferably, the crystallizer is a square copper pipe, and the inner grooves are formed in the inner walls of the four crystallizers of the crystallizer. Ensuring that the same slow cooling can be carried out in all directions of the periphery.
Preferably, the inner grooves are distributed on the inner wall of the crystallizer, and the distribution density of the upper parts of the inner grooves is greater than that of the lower parts of the inner grooves. The upper part is dense and the lower part is sparse, because the blank shell at the upper part is thinner than the blank shell at the lower part, the distribution can ensure that the slow cooling area at the upper part is more, and more balanced slow cooling effect can be obtained.
Preferably, the depth of the inner groove positioned above among the plurality of inner grooves is greater than the depth of the inner groove positioned below. The upper part is deep and the lower part is shallow, because the blank shell of the upper part is thinner than the blank shell of the lower part, the distribution can ensure that the slow cooling intensity of the upper part is greater than the slow cooling intensity of the lower part, thereby obtaining more balanced slow cooling effect on the whole.
Preferably, the sum of the areas of the plurality of inner grooves is smaller than the sum of the areas of other parts of the inner wall of the crystallizer where the inner grooves are located. The influence on the fluidity of the casting blank is reduced, the casting blank can smoothly move from the upper opening to the lower opening of the crystallizer in the crystallizer, the molten steel is bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, the friction resistance in the blank drawing process is reduced, the surface quality of the casting blank is improved, and the service life of the crystallizer is prolonged.
Preferably, the inner groove is oval, circular, prismatic, triangular or rectangular.
Preferably, the inner wall of the crystallizer is of a smooth surface structure, the bottom of the inner groove is of a smooth curved surface shape, and a smoothly-transitional fillet is arranged at the joint between the groove edge of the inner groove and the other part of the inner wall of the crystallizer. The method improves the passing property of the casting blank, prevents the molten steel from being bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, reduces the friction resistance in the process of drawing, improves the surface quality of the casting blank and prolongs the service life of the crystallizer. During production, the inner wall of the crystallizer is lubricated according to the circumstances.
Preferably, the inner wall of the crystallizer is provided with a composite alloy coating. The composite alloy coating is plated on the inner wall of the crystallizer copper pipe.
Preferably, the preliminary quenching and shaping section and the slow cooling section are arranged on the upper half part of the crystallizer, and the crystallization and shaping section is arranged on the lower half part of the crystallizer.
Preferably, the height ratio of the primary quenching and shaping section to the slow cooling section to the crystallization and shaping section is as follows: : .
The preliminary rapid cooling shaping section, the slow cooling section and the crystallization shaping section are divided according to the main function or the important function of the region, and actually the preliminary rapid cooling shaping section, the slow cooling section and the crystallization shaping section form an integral crystallizer together, and each section has the effect of cooling, crystallizing and solidifying a shell. The slow cooling is also only relative to the cooling effect of other parts of the crystallizer, and the slow cooling artificially gives a growing air gap to the casting blank to slow down the solidification of molten steel so as to artificially optimize the growth of the blank shell of the continuous casting blank at the position.
As a method, the cooling air gap and the slow cooling air gap can be realized and provided and controlled by the structural improvement of the crystallizer described in the embodiment of the present application, and other means can also be considered, for example, by inputting chemical substances such as substances capable of decomposing to form gas at high temperature to the inner wall of the crystallizer in sections.
After the technology provided by the invention is adopted, the method for promoting the growth of the casting blank crystal in the crystallizer and the crystallizer thereof have the beneficial effects that: by carrying out partial slow cooling in the process of rapidly cooling the molten steel by the crystallizer, the thinner shell formed by the molten steel just after primary cooling can be ensured to grow more uniformly, the shell crack caused by excessive rapid cooling at a high casting speed is avoided, and the crystal growth uniformity of the shell is improved while the continuous casting speed is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a crystallizer according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the crystallizer according to the embodiment of the present application in use;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a usage state of a crystallizer according to an embodiment of the present application.
The structures in the drawings are schematically illustrated, and the sizes and shapes of the details and the taper are exaggerated or distorted to clearly express the structures.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to embodiments shown in the drawings. The described embodiments include various specific details to aid understanding, but they are to be construed as merely illustrative, and not a full and partial description of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Meanwhile, in order to make the description more clear and concise, a detailed description of functions and configurations well known in the art will be omitted.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the array type crystallizer comprises a crystallizer upper port 10 and a crystallizer lower port 30, wherein a plurality of inner grooves 20 are arranged on an inner wall 90 of the crystallizer between the crystallizer upper port 10 and the crystallizer lower port 30, and the inner grooves 20 are located at the upper part of the crystallizer near the end of the crystallizer upper port 10.
By adding the inner groove structure on the basis of the high-pulling-speed copper pipe (high-pulling-speed crystallizer), the integration is optimized, the blank shell at the section can grow more uniformly, and the blank shell crack easily caused by excessive quenching is prevented.
In the continuous casting production, in order to maintain the passability of molten steel and a casting blank thereof, prevent the molten steel from being bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, reduce the friction resistance during the blank drawing, improve the surface quality of the casting blank and prolong the service life of the crystallizer, the inner wall of a copper pipe of the crystallizer needs to be a smooth surface. After molten steel enters the crystallizer, the molten steel quickly contacts with the smooth inner wall and takes away heat, the crystal growth uniformity of a casting blank shell is influenced, and phenomena of rhombus change and desquamation easily occur after the casting blank is pulled out of the crystallizer. By arranging the inner groove 20, the solidification of molten steel can be slowed down, a growing air gap is artificially provided for a casting blank, the growth of a blank shell of the continuous casting blank at the position is artificially optimized, the casting blank grows more uniformly, the casting blank is difficult to rhombus change and desquamation after being discharged out of a crystallizer, and the pulling speed of a continuous casting machine is favorably improved. Tests prove that the high-speed continuous casting can only realize one-time drawing speed of 2.8 meters per minute at present, and the crystallizer and the method thereof can realize the speed of 3-4 meters per minute.
Further, the plurality of inner grooves 20 are arranged in an array at the upper part of the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer. The inner groove 20 is arranged at the upper part of the crystallizer, so that a slow cooling effect is formed at the initial stage of blank shell formation, a relatively average cooling effect is integrally formed, and the growth uniformity of blank shell crystals is improved under the condition of relatively high pulling speed. Because the shell formed just now is thinner, under the condition of rapid cooling, the shell can grow and thicken inwards rapidly, the crystal growth uniformity of the casting blank shell is affected, and the phenomena of rhombus change and desquamation are easy to occur after the casting blank is pulled out of the crystallizer. In the lower part of the crystallizer, because the blank shell is relatively thick, the cooling effect of the unsolidified molten steel in the blank shell is not better than that of the upper part of the crystallizer under the same cooling condition, and therefore, the inner groove 20 does not need to be arranged for slow cooling.
Further, the crystallizer is a square copper tube, and the inner grooves 20 are arranged on the inner walls 90 of the four crystallizers of the crystallizer. Ensuring that the same slow cooling can be carried out in all directions of the periphery.
Further, the inner grooves 20 are distributed on the inner wall 90 of the mold such that the distribution density of the upper portion is greater than that of the lower portion. The upper part is dense and the lower part is sparse, because the blank shell at the upper part is thinner than the blank shell at the lower part, the distribution can ensure that the slow cooling area at the upper part is more, and more balanced slow cooling effect can be obtained.
Further, the depth of the inner groove 20 located above among the plurality of inner grooves 20 is greater than the depth of the inner groove 20 located below. The upper part is deep and the lower part is shallow, because the blank shell of the upper part is thinner than the blank shell of the lower part, the distribution can ensure that the slow cooling intensity of the upper part is greater than the slow cooling intensity of the lower part, thereby obtaining more balanced slow cooling effect on the whole.
Further, the sum of the areas of the inner grooves 20 is smaller than the sum of the areas of the other parts of the inner wall 90 of the mold where they are located. The influence on the fluidity of the casting blank is reduced, the casting blank can smoothly move from the upper opening to the lower opening of the crystallizer in the crystallizer, the molten steel is bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, the friction resistance in the blank drawing process is reduced, the surface quality of the casting blank is improved, and the service life of the crystallizer is prolonged.
Further, the inner groove 20 is oval, circular, prism-shaped, triangular or rectangular.
Further, the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer is of a smooth surface structure, the bottom of the inner groove 20 is of a smooth curved surface shape, and a fillet with smooth transition is arranged at the joint between the groove edge of the inner groove 20 and the other part of the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer. The method improves the passing property of the casting blank, prevents the molten steel from being bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, reduces the friction resistance in the process of drawing, improves the surface quality of the casting blank and prolongs the service life of the crystallizer. During production, the inner wall of the crystallizer is lubricated according to the circumstances.
Further, the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer is provided with a composite alloy coating. The composite alloy coating is plated on the inner wall of the crystallizer copper pipe.
Further, the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer is in the shape of an inverted cone, and the area of the upper opening 10 of the crystallizer is larger than that of the lower opening 30 of the crystallizer. The taper of the crystallizer with a big top and a small bottom is a negative number and is called as the back taper. Because the molten steel shrinks when being solidified into a billet shell, the gap between the casting billet and the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer is gradually increased, and the cooling effect of the crystallizer on the molten steel is weakened. The reverse taper reduces the air gap between the cast slab and the mold wall, thereby increasing the cooling effect of the mold, and the reverse taper is required to be 1.5 to 2.0% in order to provide good thermal conductivity to the steel slab at the lower part of the mold.
Example 2
A method for promoting the crystal growth of casting blank in the crystallizer, lie in pouring into the molten steel from the upper port of the crystallizer, the molten steel flows from the upper port of the crystallizer to the direction of lower port, pass the three-stage cooling step of preliminary quenching, slow cooling and sizing quenching sequentially, and form the appearance and solidify the casting blank that the inside of the shell of blank is the molten steel not solidified, pull out from the lower port of the crystallizer; wherein,
the preliminary quenching step is that the injected molten steel is subjected to preliminary rapid cooling and is shaped to form a thin billet shell at the periphery of the molten steel;
the slow cooling step is that the solidification of the molten steel is slowed down through slow cooling, and a blank shell is continuously formed at the same time;
and the shaping and quenching step is to continuously pull the casting blank downwards and cool the crystallized molten steel so as to solidify and form a blank shell with the required thickness.
By carrying out partial slow cooling in the process of rapidly cooling the molten steel by the crystallizer, the thinner shell formed by the molten steel just after primary cooling can be ensured to grow more uniformly, the shell crack caused by excessive rapid cooling at a high casting speed is avoided, and the crystal growth uniformity of the shell is improved while the continuous casting speed is improved.
In the continuous casting production, in order to maintain the passability of molten steel and a casting blank thereof, prevent the molten steel from being bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, reduce the friction resistance during the blank drawing, improve the surface quality of the casting blank and prolong the service life of the crystallizer, the inner wall of a copper pipe of the crystallizer needs to be a smooth surface. After molten steel enters the crystallizer, the molten steel quickly contacts with the smooth inner wall and takes away heat, the crystal growth uniformity of a casting blank shell is influenced, and phenomena of rhombus change and desquamation easily occur after the casting blank is pulled out of the crystallizer.
The following description is made with reference to fig. 2 and 3.
By setting the slow cooling step, when the billet shell is thin, the solidification of molten steel is slowed down, a growing air gap is artificially provided for the casting blank 6, the growth of the billet shell 61 of the continuous casting blank 6 at the position is artificially optimized, the casting blank 6 grows more uniformly, the billet is not easy to change and fall off after being discharged out of a crystallizer, and the pulling speed of a continuous casting machine is favorably improved.
Further, in the slow cooling step and the shaping and quenching step, a cooling air gap is respectively provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell thereof at the corresponding position, and the size of the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step is consistent with that of the cooling air gap provided in the shaping and quenching step; in the slow cooling step, a slow cooling air gap is provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell thereof at the corresponding position, and the slow cooling air gap and the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step are superposed to form an actual air gap provided in the slow cooling step.
A cooling air gap with the same size is respectively provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell at the corresponding position, so that the more consistent cooling effect is ensured, and the crystal growth of the billet shell of the casting billet is more uniform.
By providing the slow cooling air gap, the solidification of the molten steel at the position can be slowed down, and a growing air gap is artificially provided for the casting blank, so that the growth of the shell of the continuous casting blank at the position is artificially optimized, and the casting blank grows more uniformly.
In the slow cooling step and the shaping and quenching step, a cooling air gap with the same size is respectively provided between the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer and the molten steel 60 and the blank shell 61 at the corresponding position, so that the more consistent cooling effect is ensured, and the crystal growth of the blank shell 61 of the casting blank is more uniform on the whole. In the slow cooling step, a slow cooling air gap is provided between the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer and the corresponding molten steel 60 and the billet shell 61 thereof, and the cooling effects of the inner wall and the shell can be superposed in the slow cooling step, namely the slow cooling air gap and the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step are superposed to form an actual air gap provided in the slow cooling step, which is slightly larger than the cooling air gaps at other parts, so that the slow cooling effect is formed at the slow cooling part, the growth of the billet shell of the continuous casting billet at the position can be optimized when the billet shell is thinner, and the casting billet can grow more uniformly.
Furthermore, the slow cooling air gaps are arranged into a plurality of dispersed air gaps, and the sum of the areas of the dispersed air gaps is smaller than the sum of the areas of other parts of the inner wall of the crystallizer where the dispersed air gaps are located. The influence on the fluidity of the casting blank is reduced, the casting blank can smoothly move from the upper opening to the lower opening of the crystallizer in the crystallizer, the molten steel is bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, the friction resistance in the blank drawing process is reduced, the surface quality of the casting blank is improved, and the service life of the crystallizer is prolonged.
Further, as shown in fig. 2 to 3 in combination with fig. 1, a crystallizer for implementing the above method includes a preliminary quenching and shaping section 1, a slow cooling section 2 and a crystallization and shaping section 3, wherein the preliminary quenching and shaping section 1 is disposed at an upper opening 10 of the crystallizer, the crystallization and shaping section 3 is disposed at a lower opening 30 of the crystallizer, and the slow cooling section 2 is disposed between the preliminary quenching and shaping section 1 and the crystallization and shaping section 3; a plurality of inner grooves 20 are arranged on the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer at the slow cooling section 2, and the inner grooves 20 are positioned at the upper part of the crystallizer and close to the upper opening 10 end of the crystallizer; the crystallizer inner wall 90 is in a shape of an inverted cone, and the area of the crystallizer upper opening 10 is larger than that of the crystallizer lower opening 30.
By adding the inner groove structure on the basis of the high-pulling-speed copper pipe (high-pulling-speed crystallizer), the integration is optimized, the blank shell at the section can grow more uniformly, and the blank shell crack easily caused by excessive quenching is prevented.
By arranging the inner groove 20, the solidification of molten steel can be slowed down, a growing air gap is artificially provided for a casting blank, the growth of a blank shell of the continuous casting blank at the position is artificially optimized, the casting blank grows more uniformly, the casting blank is difficult to rhombus change and desquamation after being discharged out of a crystallizer, and the pulling speed of a continuous casting machine is favorably improved. Tests prove that the high-speed continuous casting can only realize one-time drawing speed of 2.8 meters per minute at present, and the crystallizer and the method thereof can realize the speed of 3-4 meters per minute.
The taper of the crystallizer with a big top and a small bottom is a negative number and is called as the back taper. Because the molten steel shrinks when being solidified into a billet shell, the gap between the casting billet and the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer is gradually increased, and the cooling effect of the crystallizer on the molten steel is weakened. The reverse taper reduces the air gap between the cast slab and the mold wall, thereby increasing the cooling effect of the mold, and the reverse taper is required to be 1.5 to 2.0% in order to provide good thermal conductivity to the steel slab at the lower part of the mold.
By providing the inner wall 90 of the mold with a reverse tapered tubular shape, a cooling air gap can be provided between the inner wall of the mold and the molten steel and the shell thereof at the corresponding position in the slow cooling step and the shape-setting and rapid cooling step, respectively. In actual production, since the gap between the cast strand and the mold inner wall 90 gradually increases due to solidification and shrinkage of molten steel, an air gap is directly formed without being separately provided, but the air gap directly formed gradually increases, and the cooling effect of the mold on the molten steel is impaired. Therefore, the air gap needs to be controlled optimally, and the optimal means is to control the size of the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step to be consistent with that of the cooling air gap provided in the shaping and quenching step, namely, to provide a crystallizer copper tube with an inverted taper, and in the slow cooling step and the shaping and quenching step, a cooling air gap with the consistent size is provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the blank shell thereof at the corresponding position respectively, so as to ensure a more consistent cooling effect. In other words, the provision of the cooling air gap substantially controls the size of the air gap directly formed, and the arrangement of the inverse taper also makes the air gap smaller to improve the heat dissipation and cooling effect.
The inner grooves 20 are formed in the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer at the slow cooling section 2, so that slow cooling air gaps between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell of the molten steel at the corresponding position can be formed, the growth of the billet shell of the continuous casting billet at the position is optimized, and the casting billet grows more uniformly.
By arranging the inner groove 20 on the inner wall 90 of the inverted cone crystallizer, the cooling effect of the slow cooling step and the cooling effect of the inner groove can be superposed, namely the slow cooling air gap and the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step are superposed to form an actual air gap provided in the slow cooling step and is slightly larger than the cooling air gaps at other parts, so that the slow cooling effect is formed at the slow cooling part, the growth of the blank shell of the continuous casting blank at the part can be optimized when the blank shell is thinner, and the casting blank can grow more uniformly.
Further, the plurality of inner grooves 20 are arranged in an array at the upper part of the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer. The inner groove 20 is arranged at the upper part of the crystallizer, so that a slow cooling effect is formed at the initial stage of blank shell formation, a relatively average cooling effect is integrally formed, and the growth uniformity of blank shell crystals is improved under the condition of relatively high pulling speed. Because the shell formed just now is thinner, under the condition of rapid cooling, the shell can grow and thicken inwards rapidly, the crystal growth uniformity of the casting blank shell is affected, and the phenomena of rhombus change and desquamation are easy to occur after the casting blank is pulled out of the crystallizer. In the lower part of the crystallizer, because the blank shell is relatively thick, the cooling effect of the unsolidified molten steel in the blank shell is not better than that of the upper part of the crystallizer under the same cooling condition, and therefore, the inner groove 20 does not need to be arranged for slow cooling.
Further, the crystallizer is a square copper tube, and the inner grooves 20 are arranged on the inner walls 90 of the four crystallizers of the crystallizer. Ensuring that the same slow cooling can be carried out in all directions of the periphery.
Further, the inner grooves 20 are distributed on the inner wall 90 of the mold such that the distribution density of the upper portion is greater than that of the lower portion. The upper part is dense and the lower part is sparse, because the blank shell at the upper part is thinner than the blank shell at the lower part, the distribution can ensure that the slow cooling area at the upper part is more, and more balanced slow cooling effect can be obtained.
Further, the depth of the inner groove 20 located above among the plurality of inner grooves 20 is greater than the depth of the inner groove 20 located below. The upper part is deep and the lower part is shallow, because the blank shell of the upper part is thinner than the blank shell of the lower part, the distribution can ensure that the slow cooling intensity of the upper part is greater than the slow cooling intensity of the lower part, thereby obtaining more balanced slow cooling effect on the whole.
Further, the sum of the areas of the inner grooves 20 is smaller than the sum of the areas of the other parts of the inner wall 90 of the mold where they are located. The influence on the fluidity of the casting blank is reduced, the casting blank can smoothly move from the upper opening to the lower opening of the crystallizer in the crystallizer, the molten steel is bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, the friction resistance in the blank drawing process is reduced, the surface quality of the casting blank is improved, and the service life of the crystallizer is prolonged.
Further, the inner groove 20 is oval, circular, prism-shaped, triangular or rectangular.
Further, the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer is of a smooth surface structure, the bottom of the inner groove 20 is of a smooth curved surface shape, and a fillet with smooth transition is arranged at the joint between the groove edge of the inner groove 20 and the other part of the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer. The method improves the passing property of the casting blank, prevents the molten steel from being bonded with the inner wall of the crystallizer in the condensation process, reduces the friction resistance in the process of drawing, improves the surface quality of the casting blank and prolongs the service life of the crystallizer. During production, the inner wall of the crystallizer is lubricated according to the circumstances.
Further, the inner wall 90 of the crystallizer is provided with a composite alloy coating. The composite alloy coating is plated on the inner wall of the crystallizer copper pipe.
Further, preliminary rapid cooling shaping section 1 and slow cooling section 2 set up in crystallizer first half, crystallization shaping section 3 sets up in the crystallizer lower half.
Further, the height ratio of the primary quenching and shaping section 1, the slow cooling section 2 and the crystallization and shaping section 3 is 1: 1: 3.
preliminary quench shaping section 1, slow cooling section 2 and crystallization shaping section 3 divide according to this regional main function or important function, in fact preliminary quench shaping section 1, slow cooling section 2 and crystallization shaping section 3 constitute an holistic crystallizer jointly, and each section all has the effect of cooling crystallization and solidification shell. The slow cooling is also only relative to the cooling effect of other parts of the crystallizer, and the slow cooling artificially gives a growing air gap to the casting blank to slow down the solidification of molten steel so as to artificially optimize the growth of the blank shell of the continuous casting blank at the position.
As a method, the cooling air gap and the slow cooling air gap can be realized and provided and controlled by the structural improvement of the crystallizer described in the embodiment of the present application, and other means can also be considered, for example, by inputting chemical substances such as substances capable of decomposing to form gas at high temperature to the inner wall of the crystallizer in sections.
The terms "upper", "lower" or "above", "below" or the like are used herein in a relative relationship with respect to a normal use in a placed state, i.e., a positional relationship as generally shown in the drawings of the present application. When the placement state changes, for example, when the placement state is turned over, the corresponding positional relationship should be changed accordingly to understand or implement the technical solution of the present application.
Claims (9)
1. A method for promoting the crystal growth of a casting blank in a crystallizer is characterized in that molten steel is injected from an upper opening of the crystallizer, the molten steel flows from the upper opening of the crystallizer to a lower opening of the crystallizer, three cooling steps of primary quenching, slow cooling and shaping quenching are sequentially carried out, a casting blank with the appearance that the inside of a solidified blank shell is non-solidified molten steel is formed, and then the casting blank is pulled out from a lower opening of the crystallizer;
the preliminary quenching step is that the injected molten steel is subjected to preliminary rapid cooling and is shaped to form a thin billet shell at the periphery of the molten steel;
the slow cooling step is that the solidification of the molten steel is slowed down through slow cooling, and a blank shell is continuously formed at the same time;
and the shaping and quenching step is to continuously pull the casting blank downwards and cool the crystallized molten steel so as to solidify and form a blank shell with the required thickness.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the slow cooling step is carried out by providing a slow cooling air gap between the inner wall of the mold and the molten steel and its shell.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said shape-quenching step is performed to provide a cooling air gap between the inner wall of the mold and the molten steel and the shell thereof.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein a cooling air gap is provided between the inner wall of the mold and the molten steel and the shell thereof at the corresponding position in the slow cooling step and the shape-setting quenching step, respectively, and the size of the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step is the same as that of the cooling air gap provided in the shape-setting quenching step.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein a cooling air gap is provided between the inner wall of the mold and the molten steel and the shell thereof at the corresponding position in the slow cooling step and the shape-setting quenching step, respectively, and the size of the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step is consistent with that of the cooling air gap provided in the shape-setting quenching step; in the slow cooling step, a slow cooling air gap is provided between the inner wall of the crystallizer and the molten steel and the billet shell thereof at the corresponding position, and the slow cooling air gap and the cooling air gap provided in the slow cooling step are superposed to form an actual air gap provided in the slow cooling step.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the slow cooling air gaps are provided as discrete air gaps, the sum of the areas of the discrete air gaps being less than the sum of the areas of other portions of the inner wall of the mold where the air gaps are located.
7. The crystallizer is characterized by comprising a primary quenching and shaping section (1), a slow cooling section (2) and a crystallization and shaping section (3), wherein the primary quenching and shaping section (1) is arranged at the upper opening (10) of the crystallizer, the crystallization and shaping section (3) is arranged at the lower opening (30) of the crystallizer, and the slow cooling section (2) is arranged between the primary quenching and shaping section (1) and the crystallization and shaping section (3); a plurality of inner grooves (20) are formed in the inner wall (90) of the crystallizer at the slow cooling section (2), and the inner grooves (20) are positioned at the upper part of the crystallizer and close to the upper opening (10) end of the crystallizer; the crystallizer inner wall (90) is in a shape of an inverted cone, and the area of the upper opening (10) of the crystallizer is larger than that of the lower opening (30) of the crystallizer.
8. Crystallizer as in claim 7, characterized in that said preliminary quenching and sizing section (1) and said final quenching and sizing section (2) are arranged in the upper crystallizer half and said crystallization and sizing section (3) is arranged in the lower crystallizer half.
9. Crystallizer as in claim 7, characterized in that the height ratio of the preliminary quench shaping section (1), the slow quench section (2) and the crystallization shaping section (3) is 1: 1: 3.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115971434A (en) * | 2022-11-07 | 2023-04-18 | 常州市武进长虹结晶器有限公司 | Mold copper tube with dotted grooves and its system for promoting crystal growth of cast strands |
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Application publication date: 20190906 |