CN110195154A - A kind of mercury tailing forming method for dump leaching - Google Patents
A kind of mercury tailing forming method for dump leaching Download PDFInfo
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- CN110195154A CN110195154A CN201910526125.0A CN201910526125A CN110195154A CN 110195154 A CN110195154 A CN 110195154A CN 201910526125 A CN201910526125 A CN 201910526125A CN 110195154 A CN110195154 A CN 110195154A
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- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZVTBWAYGRKISJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Sb].[Hg] Chemical compound [Sb].[Hg] ZVTBWAYGRKISJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011236 particulate material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002694 phosphate binding agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000967 As alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 organosilicon Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009919 sequestration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/005—Preliminary treatment of scrap
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B43/00—Obtaining mercury
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Metallurgy (AREA)
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- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及化工冶金领域，具体涉及一种用于堆浸工艺的汞尾矿成型处理方法。The invention relates to the field of chemical metallurgy, in particular to a method for forming and treating mercury tailings in a heap leaching process.
背景技术Background technique
汞尾矿是汞矿采选冶过程所产生的一种废弃矿物资源。由于尾矿中汞含量较低，无法采用传统火法炼汞工艺进行处理，通常进行堆存处理，目前仅陕西旬阳汞矿已产生汞尾矿230万吨。汞尾矿中含有汞、锑等多种重金属，在地表风化和降雨淋滤作用下，将不断向周围环境释放汞，严重污染环境。堆存尾矿周围矿区土壤中汞含量通常较高，对当地居民的生活和生态环境造成极大威胁，亟需汞尾矿脱毒和安全处置技术。Mercury tailings are a kind of waste mineral resources produced in the process of mercury mining and smelting. Due to the low mercury content in the tailings, it cannot be treated by traditional pyromercury smelting processes, and is usually stockpiled. Currently, only the Xunyang Mercury Mine in Shaanxi has produced 2.3 million tons of mercury tailings. Mercury tailings contain various heavy metals such as mercury and antimony. Under the action of surface weathering and rainfall leaching, mercury will be continuously released to the surrounding environment, seriously polluting the environment. The mercury content in the soil around the stockpiled tailings is usually high, which poses a great threat to the life of local residents and the ecological environment. There is an urgent need for mercury tailings detoxification and safe disposal technology.
目前含汞尾矿处理方法主要有热分解法、固化法、植被吸收法等，其中热分解法是利用汞加热易挥发特性将汞分离，但汞含量低，能耗高；固化法是采用固化和玻璃化技术封存汞，由于未将汞分离，仍存在二次污染的可能；植被吸收法是将汞吸附于植被中，但成本高、易产生二次污染。另一方面，汞也是触媒、照明灯等生产过程重要的原料。锑作为合金原料、阻燃剂等具有广泛应用。因此，在汞尾矿无害化处理过程，实现高价值汞、锑的回收，意义重大。At present, the treatment methods of mercury-containing tailings mainly include thermal decomposition method, solidification method, and vegetation absorption method. There is still the possibility of secondary pollution because the mercury is not separated by the method of sequestration of mercury and vitrification technology; the vegetation absorption method is to adsorb mercury in the vegetation, but the cost is high and it is easy to cause secondary pollution. On the other hand, mercury is also an important raw material in the production processes of catalysts and lighting lamps. Antimony is widely used as alloy raw material and flame retardant. Therefore, it is of great significance to realize the recovery of high-value mercury and antimony in the process of harmless treatment of mercury tailings.
天然块料矿物一般不用人造成型，通过破碎调整合适的块料直径即可，而低品位粉状矿物则需要成型，制备出合适浸出的物料，尤其是孔结构，既要有强度，有要有孔隙率，能够让浸出液进入颗粒内部。Natural block minerals generally do not need to be artificially formed, and the appropriate block diameter can be adjusted by crushing, while low-grade powder minerals need to be formed to prepare materials suitable for leaching, especially the pore structure, which requires both strength and Porosity allows leachate to enter the interior of the particle.
为了提高含汞尾矿的利用率，降低提汞能耗，通过湿法浸出的方式实现低汞含量的堆浸，然而一般情况含汞尾矿以粉末状态存在，无法进行大规模堆浸，因此堆浸前务必将粉矿成型，以保证在堆浸过程的透水性、冷强度、较大的浸出液固界面。这就要求尾矿成型后，具有以下几个功能，强度高、微孔发达、比表面积大等特点，然而这些特点是相互制约的，存在竞争关系。In order to improve the utilization rate of mercury-containing tailings and reduce the energy consumption of mercury extraction, heap leaching with low mercury content is realized by wet leaching. However, generally, mercury-containing tailings exist in a powder state and cannot be used for large-scale heap leaching. Before heap leaching, the fine ore must be shaped to ensure the water permeability, cold strength and large leaching liquid-solid interface during the heap leaching process. This requires that after the tailings are formed, they have the following functions, such as high strength, developed micropores, and large specific surface area. However, these characteristics are mutually restrictive and there is a competitive relationship.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明目的是提供一种含汞尾矿成型方法，既提高成型后的强度，又能提高浸出过程微孔率，实现了梯级浸出，提高堆浸效率，为后续汞尾矿无害化处理，高效堆浸提供了必要条件。The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for forming mercury-containing tailings, which can not only improve the strength after forming, but also increase the microporosity in the leaching process, realize cascade leaching, improve heap leaching efficiency, and provide harmless treatment for subsequent mercury tailings. Efficient heap leaching provides the necessary conditions.
一种含汞尾矿成型方法，其特征在于包括以下步骤：汞尾矿中汞含量0.01～2％，锑含量0.01～2％，矿粉粒度3cm以下。通过加入无机粘结剂0.5～1.5％，再添加3～10％Na2S，控制压力在10～100Mpa，制成长度5～10cm，直径0.5～3cm颗粒料，成型温度为10～50度；成型后冷强度高，且防水性强，进水72小时不粉化，同时随着是浸出时间孔结构逐渐发达，最大可达5m2/g。A method for forming mercury-containing tailings is characterized by comprising the following steps: the mercury content in the mercury tailings is 0.01-2%, the antimony content is 0.01-2%, and the particle size of the ore powder is less than 3cm. By adding 0.5-1.5% of inorganic binder, adding 3-10% Na 2 S, controlling the pressure at 10-100Mpa, making pellets with a length of 5-10cm, a diameter of 0.5-3cm, and a molding temperature of 10-50 degrees; After molding, it has high cold strength and strong water resistance, and it will not pulverize after 72 hours of water ingress. At the same time, the pore structure gradually develops with the leaching time, and the maximum can reach 5m 2 /g.
一种用于高效浸出低含量汞锑的含汞尾矿成型方法，其特征在于：所述成型汞尾矿颗粒直径优选范围3cm以下，所述直径优选范围1cm以下；A method for forming mercury-containing tailings for efficient leaching of low-content mercury and antimony, characterized in that: the preferred range of the formed mercury tailings particle diameter is less than 3 cm, and the preferred diameter range is less than 1 cm;
一种用于高效浸出低含量汞锑的含汞尾矿成型方法，其特征在于：所述成型用粘结剂添加量0.5～1.5％，所述优选范围0.5～1.0％；A method for forming mercury-containing tailings for efficient leaching of low-content mercury and antimony, characterized in that: the additive amount of the forming binder is 0.5-1.5%, and the preferred range is 0.5-1.0%;
一种用于高效浸出低含量汞锑的含汞尾矿成型方法，其特征在于：所述成型用Na2S添加量3～10％，所述优选范围5～8％；A method for forming mercury-containing tailings for efficient leaching of low-content mercury and antimony, characterized in that: the amount of Na 2 S added for forming is 3-10%, and the preferred range is 5-8%;
一种用于高效浸出低含量汞锑的含汞尾矿成型方法，其特征在于：所述成型压力10～100Mpa，所述优选范围50～70Mpa；A mercury-containing tailings molding method for efficiently leaching low-content mercury and antimony, characterized in that: the molding pressure is 10-100Mpa, and the preferred range is 50-70Mpa;
一种用于高效浸出低含量汞锑的含汞尾矿成型方法，其特征在于：所述粘结剂种类包括硅酸盐、铝酸盐、有机硅、磷酸盐，所述优选硅酸盐、磷酸盐；A method for forming mercury-containing tailings for efficient leaching of low-content mercury and antimony, characterized in that: the types of binders include silicate, aluminate, organosilicon, and phosphate, and the preferred silicate, Phosphate;
本发明所述方法具有的优点是：The advantage that method of the present invention has is:
(1)采用粘结剂冷压成型，大幅度提高了块料的强度，且防水性优异，有利于长时间堆浸工艺；(1) The use of binder cold press molding greatly improves the strength of the block, and has excellent water resistance, which is conducive to the long-term heap leaching process;
(2)通过调控造孔剂与浸出剂结构，实现造孔与溶出的同步，提高了溶出过程的浸出剂边界层浓度；(2) By adjusting the structure of the pore-forming agent and the leaching agent, the synchronization of pore-forming and dissolution is realized, and the concentration of the boundary layer of the leaching agent in the dissolution process is improved;
(3)适用于汞、锑含量较低的尾矿，适应性强。(3) It is suitable for tailings with low mercury and antimony content, and has strong adaptability.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
参照具体实施例详细介绍本发明，但以下的实施例仅限于解释本发明，本发明的保护范围应包括权利要求的全部内容，不仅仅限于本实施例。The present invention is described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, but the following embodiments are only limited to explain the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should include the entire content of the claims, not only limited to this embodiment.
实施例1Example 1
汞尾矿中汞含量0.1％，锑含量0.02％，经过破碎磨矿，粒度在-3cm；再加入硅酸盐粘结剂0.5％和3％Na2S；再控制压力在30Mpa，制成长度8cm，直径1cm颗粒料，成型温度为10度；成型后冷强度高，且防水性强，进水48小时不粉化，同时随着是浸出时间孔结构逐渐发达，最大可达3m2/g。The mercury content in the mercury tailings is 0.1%, and the antimony content is 0.02%. After crushing and grinding, the particle size is -3cm; then add 0.5% silicate binder and 3% Na 2 S; and then control the pressure at 30Mpa to make a length 8cm, diameter 1cm pellets, molding temperature is 10 degrees; after molding, the cold strength is high, and the water resistance is strong, and the water will not pulverize for 48 hours. At the same time, the pore structure gradually develops with the leaching time, and the maximum can reach 3m 2 /g .
实施例2Example 2
汞尾矿中汞含量0.5％，锑含量0.015％，经过破碎磨矿，粒度在-3cm；再加入磷酸盐粘结剂1％和5％Na2S；再控制压力在50Mpa，制成长度8cm，直径1.5cm颗粒料，成型温度为20度；成型后冷强度高，且防水性强，进水60小时不粉化，同时随着是浸出时间孔结构逐渐发达，最大可达3.6m2/g。The mercury content in the mercury tailings is 0.5%, the antimony content is 0.015%, after crushing and grinding, the particle size is -3cm; then add 1% phosphate binder and 5% Na 2 S; then control the pressure at 50Mpa to make a length of 8cm , diameter 1.5cm pellets, molding temperature is 20 degrees; after molding, the cold strength is high, and the water resistance is strong, and the water will not pulverize for 60 hours. At the same time, the pore structure gradually develops with the leaching time, and the maximum can reach 3.6m 2 / g.
实施例3Example 3
汞尾矿中汞含量0.8％，锑含量0.08％，经过破碎磨矿，粒度在-2cm；再加入无机粘结剂1.5％和10％Na2S；再控制压力在80Mpa，制成长度10cm，直径2cm颗粒料，成型温度为30度；成型后冷强度高，且防水性强，进水72小时不粉化，同时随着是浸出时间孔结构逐渐发达，最大可达5m2/g。The mercury content in the mercury tailings is 0.8%, and the antimony content is 0.08%. After crushing and grinding, the particle size is -2cm; then add 1.5% of inorganic binder and 10% Na 2 S; and then control the pressure at 80Mpa to make a length of 10cm. Granules with a diameter of 2cm, the molding temperature is 30 degrees; after molding, the cold strength is high, and the water resistance is strong, and it will not pulverize after 72 hours of water ingress. At the same time, the pore structure gradually develops with the leaching time, and the maximum can reach 5m 2 /g.
实施例4Example 4
汞尾矿中汞含量1％，锑含量0.05％，经过破碎磨矿，粒度在-1cm；再加入磷酸盐粘结剂0.8％和8％Na2S；再控制压力在70Mpa，制成长度5cm，直径1cm颗粒料，成型温度为30度；成型后冷强度高，且防水性强，进水72小时不粉化，同时随着是浸出时间孔结构逐渐发达，最大可达5m2/g。The mercury content in the mercury tailings is 1%, and the antimony content is 0.05%. After crushing and grinding, the particle size is -1cm; then add 0.8% phosphate binder and 8% Na 2 S; and then control the pressure at 70Mpa to make a length of 5cm , diameter 1cm pellets, molding temperature is 30 degrees; after molding, the cold strength is high, and the water resistance is strong, and it will not pulverize after 72 hours of water inflow. At the same time, the pore structure gradually develops with the leaching time, and the maximum can reach 5m 2 /g.
实施例5Example 5
汞尾矿中汞含量1.5％，锑含量0.4％，经过破碎磨矿，粒度在-1cm；再加入硅酸盐粘结剂1％和7％Na2S；再控制压力在60Mpa，制成长度8cm，直径1cm颗粒料，成型温度为30度；成型后冷强度高，且防水性强，进水72小时不粉化，同时随着是浸出时间孔结构逐渐发达，最大可达4.5m2/g。The mercury content in the mercury tailings is 1.5%, and the antimony content is 0.4%. After crushing and grinding, the particle size is -1cm; then add silicate binder 1% and 7% Na 2 S; and then control the pressure at 60Mpa to make a length 8cm, diameter 1cm pellets, molding temperature is 30 degrees; after molding, the cold strength is high, and the water resistance is strong, and the water will not pulverize for 72 hours. At the same time, the pore structure gradually develops with the leaching time, and the maximum can reach 4.5m 2 / g.
实施例6Example 6
汞尾矿中汞含量1.8％，锑含量0.5％，经过破碎磨矿，粒度在-1cm；再加入硅酸盐粘结剂1.5％和10％Na2S；再控制压力在70Mpa，制成长度8cm，直径1cm颗粒料，成型温度为30度；成型后冷强度高，且防水性强，进水72小时不粉化，同时随着是浸出时间孔结构逐渐发达，最大可达5m2/g。The mercury content in the mercury tailings is 1.8%, and the antimony content is 0.5%. After crushing and grinding, the particle size is -1cm; then add 1.5% of silicate binder and 10% Na 2 S; and then control the pressure at 70Mpa to make a length 8cm, diameter 1cm pellets, molding temperature is 30 degrees; after molding, the cold strength is high, and the water resistance is strong, and the water will not pulverize for 72 hours. At the same time, the pore structure gradually develops with the leaching time, and the maximum can reach 5m 2 /g .
实施例7Example 7
汞尾矿中汞含量1.1％，锑含量0.35％，经过破碎磨矿，粒度在-1cm；再加入硅酸盐粘结剂1.2％和9％Na2S；再控制压力在70Mpa，制成长度5cm，直径1cm颗粒料，成型温度为25度；成型后冷强度高，且防水性强，进水72小时不粉化，同时随着是浸出时间孔结构逐渐发达，最大可达4.2m2/g。The mercury content in the mercury tailings is 1.1%, and the antimony content is 0.35%. After crushing and grinding, the particle size is -1cm; then add 1.2% of silicate binder and 9% Na 2 S; and then control the pressure at 70Mpa to make a length 5cm, diameter 1cm pellets, the molding temperature is 25 degrees; after molding, the cold strength is high, and the water resistance is strong, and the water will not pulverize for 72 hours. At the same time, the pore structure gradually develops with the leaching time, and the maximum can reach 4.2m 2 / g.
需要说明的是，按照本发明上述各实施例，本领域技术人员是完全可以实现本发明独立权利要求及从属权利的全部范围的，实现过程及方法同上述各实施例；且本发明未详细阐述部分属于本领域公知技术。It should be noted that, according to the above-mentioned embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can fully realize the full scope of the independent claims and dependent rights of the present invention, and the implementation process and method are the same as the above-mentioned embodiments; and the present invention is not elaborated Some of them belong to well-known technologies in the art.
以上所述，仅为本发明部分具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本领域的人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only some specific implementations of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
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