CN110176329B - 一种阻燃电缆 - Google Patents
一种阻燃电缆 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种阻燃电缆，从内至外包括导体、内屏蔽层，内绝缘层，内包裹层，填充，线芯包带层、内护套，编制屏蔽层，阻燃外套，所述的填充为阻燃性材料。本发明的阻燃外套采用氧指数≥38的阻燃型电缆材料，阻燃效果好，其以聚乙烯为主要原料，采用碱化粉煤灰和改性磷酸氢锆粉体复合得到阻燃粉料，具有很好的阻燃效果，并且成本较低，毒性低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种阻燃电缆。
背景技术
电力供应已成为世界经济飞速发展不可或缺的一部分，而电线电缆作为电力供应的载体遍及各行各业。由于电线电缆使用的高分子绝缘材料属于易燃材料，在传输电能过程中往往会由内因和外因引发电缆燃烧，对生命财产造成损害。一般采用的方法是在阻燃电缆中添加含有卤素的卤化物和金属氧化物，从阻燃的角度来评价，其是利用初期燃烧产生的烟雾及卤化氢气体来隔绝电缆和空气，从而起到阻燃的作用；但由于在燃烧时释放大量的烟雾和卤化氢气体，仅造成火灾时能见度低，给人员的安全疏散和消防带来很大的妨碍，同时产生较多的有毒气体。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题，为了解决上述现有技术的缺点，本发明提供一种阻燃电缆具有很好的阻燃效果，并且具有较低的毒性。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种阻燃电缆，从内至外包括导体、内屏蔽层，内绝缘层，内包裹层，填充，线芯包带层、内护套，编制屏蔽层，阻燃外套，
所述的阻燃外套的氧指数≥38，
所述的填充为阻燃性材料。
本发明的阻燃外套采用氧指数≥38的阻燃型电缆材料，阻燃效果好，其以聚乙烯为主要原料，采用碱化粉煤灰和改性磷酸氢锆粉体复合得到阻燃粉料，具有很好的阻燃效果，并且成本较低，毒性低。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明。
如图1所示，一种阻燃电缆，从内至外包括导体5、内屏蔽层6，内绝缘层7，内包裹层,8，填充9，线芯包带层2、内护套3，编制屏蔽层4，阻燃外套1。
所述的阻燃外套的氧指数≥38。
所述的填充为阻燃性材料。
所述的阻燃外套是200份聚乙烯、45份复合阻燃粉料、9份交联剂、6份抗氧化剂、5份聚乙烯蜡和3份硬脂酸锌投入高速搅拌机，投入螺杆挤出机里，挤出造粒。
阻燃外套的制备方法，
步骤1、将100份粉煤灰置于行星式球磨机300 r/min球磨10 min，随后加入到500份浓度0.3mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，80℃磁力搅拌2h，过滤洗涤，60℃烘箱干燥，得到碱化粉煤灰；
步骤2、取40份磷酸氢锆加入200份去离子的水烧杯中，置于恒温水浴槽内，在40℃和300rpm转速下预分散30min；
步骤3、向上述分散液中缓慢滴加10份的丙烯酸乙酯，滴加完毕后继续搅拌，保温反应60min；
步骤4、反应完毕抽滤得到湿凝胶层，转移至真空干燥箱内，在80℃下干燥5h，研磨得到改性磷酸氢锆粉体；
步骤5、将3份硅烷、1.6份铝酸酯、0.4份钛酸酯偶联剂倒入烧杯，加入20份去离子水、4份无水乙醇， 80℃水解10min得复配偶联剂；
步骤6、向上述复配偶联剂中继续加入100份去离子水、1.5份直链烷烃苯磺酸钠和80份碱化煤灰和20份改性磷酸氢锆粉体，80℃下反应15min后抽滤、洗涤，50℃烘箱干燥24h得到复合阻燃粉料；
步骤7、按重量份称取200份聚乙烯、45份复合阻燃粉料、9份交联剂、6份抗氧化剂、5份聚乙烯蜡和3份硬脂酸锌投入高速搅拌机，搅拌混合30min放料；
步骤8、将上述混合料投入螺杆挤出机里，挤出造粒，温度控制在140℃，最后在注塑机上制成标准样条，室温条件下放置72h后进行性能测试。
采用碱化粉煤灰和改性磷酸氢锆粉体复合得到阻燃粉料，复合阻燃剂以为主，磷酸氢锆为辅，价格更为低廉。磷酸氢锆经过纳米级丙烯酸乙酯修饰后拉到了层板的层间距，能够有效的嵌入碱化粉煤灰，通过磷酸氢锆层板内外的羟基与碱化粉煤灰表面形成稳定的氢键结构，相较于单一的粉煤灰和磷酸氢锆，复合后的阻燃粉料耐热性显著提高，在电缆料燃烧过程中，阻燃粉料能够在聚乙烯材料表面迅速形成炭层和熔融态物质，隔绝空气，阻碍热传递，显著提高电缆料的阻燃效果。此外，复配偶联剂上的硅羟基、铝羟基、钛羟基和复合粉料表面的羟基缩合，形成偶联剂包覆层，阻隔了热传递及氧气的扩散，有效地延缓并阻止了聚合物的热降解，抑制了挥发性可燃组分的产生。粉煤灰作为一种工业固体废物，用于电缆料的阻燃成分降低了阻燃剂的用量，既经济又环保，具有广阔的应用前景。
实施例1
一种阻燃型电缆材料的制备方法，
步骤1、将100份粉煤灰置于行星式球磨机300 r/min球磨10 min，随后加入到500份浓度0.3mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，80℃磁力搅拌2h，过滤洗涤，60℃烘箱干燥，得到碱化粉煤灰；
步骤2、取40份磷酸氢锆加入200份去离子的水烧杯中，置于恒温水浴槽内，在40℃和300rpm转速下预分散30min；
步骤3、向上述分散液中缓慢滴加10份的丙烯酸乙酯，滴加完毕后继续搅拌，保温反应60min；
步骤4、反应完毕抽滤得到湿凝胶层，转移至真空干燥箱内，在80℃下干燥5h，研磨得到改性磷酸氢锆粉体；
步骤5、将3份硅烷、1.6份铝酸酯、0.4份钛酸酯偶联剂倒入烧杯，加入20份去离子水、4份无水乙醇， 80℃水解10min得复配偶联剂；
步骤6、向上述复配偶联剂中继续加入100份去离子水、1.5份直链烷烃苯磺酸钠和80份碱化煤灰和20份改性磷酸氢锆粉体，80℃下反应15min后抽滤、洗涤，50℃烘箱干燥24h得到复合阻燃粉料；
步骤7、按重量份称取200份聚乙烯、45份复合阻燃粉料、9份交联剂、6份抗氧化剂、5份聚乙烯蜡和3份硬脂酸锌投入高速搅拌机，搅拌混合30min放料；
步骤8、将上述混合料投入螺杆挤出机里，挤出造粒，温度控制在140℃，最后在注塑机上制成标准样条。拉伸强度 15.6 MPa，测试标准 GB/T 1040.3-2006 ,断裂伸长率测试标准 550％ GB/T 1040.3-2006 ，极限氧指数39.1%。
本发明中使用的粉煤灰为工业固废-粉煤灰，平均粒径为2.5微米，其质量组成为：32.4 %的Al2O3，8.2%的CaO，4.3%的Fe2O3，2.3%的MgO，余量为SiO2。
实施例2
步骤5、按重量份称取200份聚乙烯、35份复合阻燃粉料、9份交联剂、6份抗氧化剂、5份聚乙烯蜡和3份硬脂酸锌投入高速搅拌机，搅拌混合30min放料；其余制备和实施例1相同。
实施例3
步骤5、按重量份称取200份聚乙烯、40份复合阻燃粉料、9份交联剂、6份抗氧化剂、5份聚乙烯蜡和3份硬脂酸锌投入高速搅拌机，搅拌混合30min放料；其余制备和实施例1相同。
对照例1
与实施例1不同点在于：电缆材料制备的步骤6中，加入40份碱化煤灰和60份改性磷酸氢锆粉体，其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例2
与实施例1不同点在于：电缆材料制备的步骤6中，加入50份碱化煤灰和50份改性磷酸氢锆粉体，其余步骤与实施例1完全相同。
对照例3
与实施例1不同点在于：电缆材料制备的步骤7中，用等量粉煤灰取代复合阻燃粉料加入到高速搅拌机，挤出造粒。
对照例4
一种阻燃型电缆材料的制备方法，其特征在于该方法包括以下步骤：
步骤1、将100份粉煤灰置于行星式球磨机300 r/min球磨10 min，随后加入到500份浓度0.3mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，80℃磁力搅拌2h，过滤洗涤，60℃烘箱干燥，得到碱化粉煤灰；
步骤2、将3份硅烷、1.6份铝酸酯、0.4份钛酸酯偶联剂倒入烧杯，加入20份去离子水、4份无水乙醇， 80℃水解10min得复配偶联剂；
步骤3、向上述复配偶联剂中继续加入100份去离子水、1.5份直链烷烃苯磺酸钠和80份碱化煤灰和20份磷酸二氢铵，80℃下反应15min后抽滤、洗涤，50℃烘箱干燥24 h得到复合阻燃粉料；
步骤4、按重量份称取200份聚乙烯、45份复合阻燃粉料、9份交联剂、6份抗氧化剂、5份聚乙烯蜡和3份硬脂酸锌投入高速搅拌机，搅拌混合30min放料；
步骤5、将上述混合料投入螺杆挤出机里，挤出造粒，温度控制在140℃，最后在注塑机上制成标准样条。
选取制备得到的电缆材料分别进行阻燃性能检测，参照GB/T2406.2-2009标准，在JF-3型氧指数测试仪上测试。
测试结果
实验结果表明本发明提供的电缆材料具有优异的阻燃效果，对照例1和对照例2改变了碱化粉煤灰和改性磷酸氢锆粉体比例，总量未变，极限氧指数降低，说明改性磷酸氢锆粉体用量比例不能过大，否则影响复合后的材料的阻燃性能；对照3用等量未经改性的粉煤灰作为阻燃成分，阻燃效果并不理想，说明经过复合阻燃粉料改性后改善了高分子聚合物的阻燃性。
对比例4采用磷酸二氢铵替代改性磷酸氢锆粉，可见磷酸二氢铵在本发明体系中效果远不如改性磷酸氢锆粉。
Claims (3)
1.一种阻燃电缆，其特征在于：从内至外包括导体、内屏蔽层，内绝缘层，内包裹层，填充，线芯包带层、内护套，编制屏蔽层，阻燃外套，所述的阻燃外套制备方法如下：
步骤1、将100份粉煤灰置于行星式球磨机300 r/min球磨10 min，随后加入到500份浓度0.3mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液中，80℃磁力搅拌2h，过滤洗涤，60℃烘箱干燥，得到碱化粉煤灰；
步骤2、取40份磷酸氢锆加入200份去离子的水烧杯中，置于恒温水浴槽内，在40℃和300rpm转速下预分散30min；
步骤3、向上述分散液中缓慢滴加10份的丙烯酸乙酯，滴加完毕后继续搅拌，保温反应60min；
步骤4、反应完毕抽滤得到湿凝胶层，转移至真空干燥箱内，在80℃下干燥5h，研磨得到改性磷酸氢锆粉体；
步骤5、将3份硅烷、1.6份铝酸酯、0.4份钛酸酯偶联剂倒入烧杯，加入20份去离子水、4份无水乙醇， 80℃水解10min得复配偶联剂；
步骤6、向上述复配偶联剂中继续加入100份去离子水、1.5份直链烷烃苯磺酸钠和80份碱化煤灰和20份改性磷酸氢锆粉体，80℃下反应15min后抽滤、洗涤，50℃烘箱干燥24 h得到复合阻燃粉料；
步骤7、按重量份称取200份聚乙烯、45份复合阻燃粉料、9份交联剂、6份抗氧化剂、5份聚乙烯蜡和3份硬脂酸锌投入高速搅拌机，搅拌混合30min放料；
步骤8、将上述混合料投入螺杆挤出机里，挤出造粒，温度控制在140℃，最后在注塑机上制成标准样条。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃电缆，其特征在于：所述的阻燃外套的氧指数≥38。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种阻燃电缆，其特征在于：所述的填充为阻燃性材料。
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