CN110170242A - Electronic waste, the exhaust treatment system of a kind of electronic waste smelting device and its composition - Google Patents

Abstract

The electronic waste smelting device disclosed by the present invention comprises a furnace hearth, a furnace body and a furnace roof, and tuyeres are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the bottom of the furnace hearth; the inside of the furnace body is divided into a smelting area and a fuming area, and the furnace top corresponds to the melting area and the fuming area There are feeding ports and flue gas outlets on the top; smelting slag outlets are provided on the side wall of the end of the furnace body smelting zone; a blister copper discharge port is provided at the end of the furnace body fuming area. A copper water jacket is provided outside the furnace body. Also disclosed is an electronic waste and exhaust gas treatment system, which is sequentially connected with an electronic waste smelting device, a quenching device, a bag dust collecting device, an activated carbon adsorption device, an alkali spray device and an exhaust gas discharge chimney. The invention can not only realize efficient oxidative combustion of carbon-containing materials in electronic waste, but also can reasonably release and utilize the total heat of combustion to avoid excessive local furnace temperature; the flue gas after electronic waste combustion can also be guaranteed to reach national Emission standards for the second-class environmental functional area.

Description

An electronic waste smelting device and the electronic waste and waste gas treatment system composed of it

technical field

The invention relates to the technical fields of nonferrous metal smelting, hazardous waste treatment and resource recycling, in particular to an electronic waste smelting device and an electronic waste and waste gas treatment system composed of the device.

Background technique

Domestic waste circuit boards are treated in the following ways: one is local treatment, and the flue gas is directly incinerated and discharged into the atmosphere without treatment. This method seriously pollutes the environment and has been absolutely banned in recent years; the other is to use mineral processing to obtain metal alloys. And waste plastics and alloys are sent to copper smelters to recycle valuable metals. Waste plastics need to be disposed of by landfill. The environmental pollution is still serious, and the recovery rate of valuable metals is low. This method is still widely used in China; 3. It is GEM Co., Ltd. that adopts pyrolysis separation and recovery of metal technology, and non-metallic components are incorporated into the company's by-products or residues for further environmental protection. This treatment technology is similar to the technology currently used by western developed countries. It processes about 30,000 tons of waste circuit boards every year. However, the processing capacity is far from meeting the demand for processing domestic waste electronic waste (the annual output of domestic waste circuit boards is more than 500,000 tons). At present, the domestic requirements for environmental protection are getting higher and higher, and it is urgent to develop electronic waste treatment devices that have a higher comprehensive recovery rate of valuable metals and can avoid secondary pollution. Proper disposal of electronic waste is of great significance to the sustainable development of China's economy, society and environment.

Chinese patent CN106929680B discloses a smelting device and method for smelting electronic waste. The smelting device for electronic waste includes: a furnace body, the furnace body defines a furnace, the furnace has an upper end opening and includes a reaction zone and a In the gas phase area above the reaction zone, the furnace body is provided with a discharge port communicating with the reaction zone; the furnace roof, the furnace roof is connected to the furnace body and covers a part of the upper opening of the furnace, The top of the furnace is provided with a charging port, a spray gun port and a primary burner port communicated with the furnace, and the primary burner port is provided with a primary burner; a secondary combustion chamber is defined in the secondary combustion chamber A secondary combustion chamber with an open lower end, the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a secondary burner port communicating with the secondary combustion chamber, the secondary burner port is provided with a secondary burner, the secondary The secondary combustion chamber cover is arranged on the other part of the upper opening and the secondary combustion chamber communicates with the furnace, and the secondary combustion chamber is provided with a flue connecting the secondary combustion chamber with the outside world, so The secondary combustion chamber is located on one side of the center line of the furnace; the spray gun is installed in the mouth of the spray gun and the lower end of the spray gun extends into the reaction zone.

Chinese patent CN 102978405A discloses a side blowing continuous smelting process and device for electronic waste. During smelting, electronic scraps, copper-rich materials and fluxes that have been crushed to a certain extent are fed into the furnace in the smelting area through the feeding port on the furnace roof of the smelting area, and fall on the slag layer on the surface of the sedimentation tank in the smelting area; two feeding ports Both require slagging reaction, the operation control is more complicated, and the physical isolation area is fixed, which cannot adapt to various materials.

Most of these devices for electronic waste smelting are ISAR oxygen top-blown furnace processing electronic waste devices, flash-electric furnace smelting devices, side blowing devices with physical isolation oxidation-reduction zones, and oxygen-free electronic waste pyrolysis devices. The existing problems include: the use of the oxygen lance greatly increases the operation and maintenance costs, and the technical parameters of the process are not reasonable; The rapid increase, and the electric furnace smelting has not fully utilized the oxidation calorific value of the high-carbon and high-calorie electronic waste itself; the third is the side blowing device that physically isolates the oxidation-reduction two-zone smelting, which is difficult to operate. At the same time, no harmless treatment has been carried out on the finally discharged gas.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems in the above-mentioned prior art, and provide an electronic waste smelting device and its components, which have low equipment operation and maintenance costs, strong raw material adaptability, simple production operation, and can directly discard slag and discharge gas. Electronic waste and waste gas treatment system.

The technical scheme adopted in the present invention is an electronic waste smelting device, including a furnace hearth, a furnace body and a furnace roof, and tuyeres are arranged symmetrically on both sides of the furnace hearth bottom; A feeding port and a flue gas outlet are respectively provided on the fuming area; a smelting slag outlet is provided on the side wall at the end of the smelting area of the furnace body; a crude copper discharge port is provided at the end of the fuming area of the furnace body.

A copper water jacket is provided outside the furnace body.

The feed port of the smelting zone is called the feed port of the smelting zone, and the flue gas outlet of the smelting zone is called the flue gas outlet of the smelting zone.

The feeding port of the smoking area is called the feeding port of the smoking area, and the flue gas outlet of the smoking area is called the flue gas outlet of the smoking area.

An electronic waste and exhaust gas treatment system is sequentially connected with an electronic waste smelting device, a quenching device, a bag dust collection device, an activated carbon adsorption device, an alkali spray device and a waste gas discharge chimney.

The activated carbon adsorption device is composed of two or more pieces of activated carbon fiber cotton.

The lye in the lye spraying device is sodium hydroxide liquid.

The cooling liquid in the quenching device is used for internal circulation.

The beneficial effect of the present invention is that: the electronic waste smelting device of the present invention adopts an oxygen-enriched side-blown smelting furnace, and the furnace is composed of a smelting zone and a fuming zone that can be dynamically adjusted. Gases with different oxygen concentrations are divided into zones, which is more suitable for the change of electronic waste composition. Therefore, it not only has the advantages of low equipment maintenance cost and high processing efficiency, but also realizes the recovery of high carbon-containing materials such as electronic waste under oxygen-enriched conditions. Burns very well.

The electronic waste smelting device of the present invention does not need a series of pretreatment procedures such as physical sorting to process electronic waste. The recovery rates of Cu, Sn, Au, Ag, and Pt in the alloy produced in the fuming zone are all ≥ 90wt%. The contents of Cu and Sn in the slag are both ≤1.0wt%. The slag can be discarded directly without further dilution treatment. And environmental benefits are more significant.

The electronic waste smelting device of the present invention and the electronic waste and waste gas treatment system composed of it is a system integration of smelting and flue gas harmless treatment, the smelting device is easy to operate, and the obtained slag with low Cu content can be directly discarded without further dilution . After flue gas treatment, the content of dioxin, hydrogen bromide, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide can be guaranteed to be lower than the national allowable emission standards, and the content of pollution factors in the atmosphere of the factory area after emission can stably meet the requirements of national standards.

To sum up, the present invention can not only achieve high-efficiency oxidative combustion of carbon-containing materials in electronic waste, but also reasonably release and utilize the total heat of combustion to avoid excessive local furnace temperature; It can also ensure that the emission standards of the national second-class environmental function zone are met. It is of great significance to the sustainable development of social economy and environment.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the embodiments in the accompanying drawings, but this does not constitute any limitation to the present invention.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electronic waste smelting device of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the electronic waste and exhaust gas treatment system of the present invention.

Reference signs: 1. Electronic waste smelting device, 2. Quenching device, 3. Bag dust collection device, 4. Activated carbon adsorption device, 5. Alkali spray device, 6. Exhaust gas discharge chimney;

101. Furnace hearth; 102. Furnace body; 103. Furnace top, 104. Tuyere, 105. Melting area, 106. Feed port of smelting area, 107. Fuming area, 108. Flue gas outlet of smelting area, 109. Fuming Area flue gas outlet, 110, feeding port of fuming area, 111, smelting slag discharge port, 112, blister copper discharge port.

Detailed ways

Referring to the accompanying drawings, the electronic waste smelting device 1 of the present invention includes a furnace hearth 101, a furnace body 102 and a furnace roof 103, and both sides of the bottom of the furnace hearth 101 are symmetrically provided with tuyeres 104; the interior of the furnace body 102 is divided into a melting zone 105 and a fuming Zone 107, furnace roof 103 is respectively provided with feeding port and flue gas outlet above smelting zone 105 and fuming zone 107; smelting slag outlet 111 is set on the side wall of the end of furnace body 102 melting zone 105; furnace body 102 fuming zone The end of 107 is provided with blister copper discharge port 112 .

The present invention does not adopt traditional physical partitions, but supplies different concentrations of oxygen through the tuyeres 104 of the two partitions to carry out partitions, wherein the oxygen concentration in the oxygen-enriched air injected by the tuyeres 104 in the smelting zone 105 is ≥ 40%, and the instantaneous The ratio of the oxygen supply volume to the furnace material = 200-3000m ³ _oxygen /t _material , and the oxygen concentration of the oxygen-containing gas injected into the smoke zone 107 tuyere 104 is ≥ 21%. Two kinds of oxygen with different concentrations can produce two combustion zones with different temperatures, the temperature of the flue gas outlet 105 in the smelting zone is ≥750°C, and the temperature of the flue gas outlet 109 in the fuming zone is ≥850°C. Therefore, the two regions produce different combustion slags respectively. The slag produced in the smelting zone 105 is discharged from the smelting slag discharge port 111, and the combustion alloy produced in the fuming zone 107 is discharged from the blister copper discharge port 112. _The slag CaO/SiO ≥ 0.30( Mass ratio), Fe/SiO ₂ =0.05-1.0 (mass ratio), Al ₂ O ₃ ≤17%; Cu, Sn and Fe contents of alloy produced by smelting are 89.56%, 4.24% and 0.71% respectively;

In addition, the low-temperature zone (fuming zone 107) can also make full use of the fuming heat generated by combustion in the high-temperature zone (smelting zone 105) to maintain the required combustion temperature in the area, achieving the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

Further, in the present invention, a copper water jacket is provided outside the furnace body 102 . The constant temperature inside the furnace body 102 is maintained by cooling the circulating water inside the copper water jacket, thereby ensuring that the service life of the furnace body 102 is reduced due to long-term excessive temperature.

The feed port of the smelting zone 105 in the present invention is called the feed port 106 of the smelting zone, and the flue gas outlet of the smelting zone 105 is called the flue gas outlet 108 of the smelting zone. The feed port of the fuming zone 107 in the present invention is called the feed port 110 of the fuming zone, and the flue gas outlet of the fuming zone 107 is called the flue gas outlet 109 of the fuming zone. The electronic waste smelting device 1 of the present invention adopts an oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting furnace, and the furnace is composed of a smelting zone 105 and a fuming zone 107 that can be dynamically adjusted. There is no need for physical partitioning, and only by injecting different oxygen concentrations into the two zones The gas is divided into partitions, which is more suitable for the change of electronic waste composition, so that the output slag can be directly discarded. Therefore, it not only has the advantages of low equipment maintenance cost and high processing efficiency, but also realizes the high carbon content of electronic waste. The combustion effect is very good under the condition of rich oxygen. Because the combustion temperatures of the above two areas are different, in order to prolong the service life of the whole furnace body 102, the present invention can also periodically change the use of the smelting area 105 and the fuming area 107.

An electronic waste and waste gas treatment system is sequentially connected with an electronic waste smelting device 1 , a quenching device 2 , a bag dust collector 3 , an activated carbon adsorption device 4 , an alkali spray device 5 and a waste gas discharge chimney 6 .

The activated carbon attachment device of the present invention is composed of more than two activated carbon plates. Of course, it can also be composed of three or more activated carbon plates to better achieve its use effect.

The lye in the lye spraying device 5 of the present invention is sodium hydroxide liquid. Other alkaline liquids with equivalent functions and effects can also be used.

The coolant in the quenching device 2 of the present invention is used for internal circulation. Like the coolant in the furnace body 102 copper water jacket, the coolant in the quenching device 2 can also be recycled. In order to achieve the effect of energy saving and emission reduction.

During the use of the electronic waste smelting device 1 of the present invention, the electronic waste is first mixed with silica or copper smelting slag, limestone or dolomite, and granular coal in a certain proportion, and then respectively blown into the electronic waste smelting device 1 through the feeding port of the smelting zone 105 Melting is carried out in the middle smelting zone 105, where high-oxygen-enriched oxygen is blown into the smelting zone 105 through the tuyere 104 of the smelting zone 105 to fully burn off the organic matter in the electronic waste, and the slag and alloy mixture after burning the organic matter flow into the fuming zone 107 The furnace temperature is maintained by using the fuming heat released from the combustion of organic matter in the electronic waste, and rich oxygen with low oxygen concentration is blown into the fuming zone 107 so that the alloy and slag can be separated well, and at the same time, the oxidation of valuable metals into the slag can be avoided. A large amount of heat generated by self-heating can basically maintain a relatively high furnace temperature. If the furnace temperature drops, an appropriate amount of granulated coal can be added to regulate the furnace temperature, and the operation is simple and convenient.

The electronic waste smelting device 1 of the present invention does not need a series of pretreatment procedures such as physical sorting to process electronic waste. The recovery rates of Cu, Sn, Au, Ag, and Pt in the alloys produced in the fuming zone 107 are all ≥ 90wt%, and the smelting zone 105 The contents of Cu and Sn in the output slag are both ≤1.0wt%, and the slag can be discarded directly without further dilution treatment. The process is simple, the comprehensive metal recovery rate is high, the treatment process is shortened, and the treatment capacity and raw material adaptability are improved. The economic, social and environmental benefits are more significant.

The electronic waste smelting device 1 of the present invention and the electronic waste and waste gas treatment system composed of it is a system integration of smelting and flue gas harmless treatment. change. After flue gas treatment, the content of dioxin, hydrogen bromide, particulate matter, and sulfur dioxide can be guaranteed to be lower than the national allowable emission standards, and the content of pollution factors in the atmosphere of the factory area after emission can stably meet the requirements of national standards.

In describing the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", The orientations or positional relationships indicated by "inner", "outer", "axial", "radial", and "circumferential" are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying Describes, but does not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and operate in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only, and cannot be interpreted as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the quantity of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of these features.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, terms such as "installation", "connection", "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection or a detachable connection , or integrated; can be mechanically connected, can also be electrically connected or can communicate with each other; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediary, can be the internal communication of two components or the interaction relationship between two components, Unless expressly defined otherwise. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention according to specific situations.

In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the first feature may be in direct contact with the first feature or the first and second feature may be in direct contact with the second feature through an intermediary. touch. Moreover, the fact that the first feature is "above" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the level of the first feature is higher than that of the second feature. The fact that the first feature is "below" the second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less horizontal than the second feature.

In the description of this specification, descriptions with reference to the terms "embodiment", "specific embodiment", "example" or "specific example" mean that specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example include In at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms are not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and combine different embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification without conflicting with each other.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make the above-mentioned The embodiments are subject to changes, modifications, substitutions and variations.

Claims (8)

1. a kind of electronic waste smelting device, it is characterised in that: including cupola well, shaft and furnace roof, cupola well two sides of the bottom are symmetrically set There is tuyere；Be divided into smelting zone and fuming area inside shaft, furnace roof correspond to be respectively equipped with above smelting zone and fuming area feed opening and Exhanst gas outlet；Smelting slag discharge port is set in the end sidewalls of shaft smelting zone；Shaft fuming area end is equipped with blister copper discharge outlet.

2. electronic waste smelting device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: be provided with Copper Water Jacket outside the shaft.

3. electronic waste smelting device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the feed opening of the smelting zone is known as smelting zone Feed opening, the exhanst gas outlet of smelting zone are known as smelting zone exhanst gas outlet.

4. electronic waste smelting device as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the feed opening in the fuming area is known as fuming area Feed opening, the exhanst gas outlet in fuming area are known as fuming area exhanst gas outlet.

5. a kind of electronic waste, exhaust treatment system are sequentially connected the electronic waste as described in Claims 1-4 is any and smelt dress It sets, chilling apparatus, bag collection device, activated carbon adsorption device, lye spray equipment and exhaust gas blowdown stack.

6. electronic waste as claimed in claim 5, exhaust treatment system, it is characterised in that: the activated carbon adsorption device is two Or three layers or more activated carbon fibre silk floss compositions.

7. electronic waste as claimed in claim 5, exhaust treatment system, it is characterised in that: the alkali in the lye spray equipment Liquid is sodium hydroxide liquid.

8. electronic waste as claimed in claim 5, exhaust treatment system, it is characterised in that: the coolant liquid in the chilling apparatus It is recycled for inside.