CN110160785A - A kind of experimental rig for testing true environment submerged lubrication bearing performance - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of test devices, and discloses a test device for testing the performance of water-lubricated bearings in a real environment. The test device includes a load simulation module, a test shaft, a test water lubricated bearing, an environment simulation module and a measurement module, wherein: the load simulation module includes a torque output unit, a longitudinal load output unit and a lateral load output unit, and the environment simulation module It includes a water circulation unit and a water flow control unit, the test shaft passes through the water circulation unit, and the measurement module is used to measure the rotational speed and displacement of the test shaft and the load and internal pressure distribution of the test water lubricated bearing. The present invention can effectively simulate the real environment and force condition when testing the water-lubricated bearing, and through the test device, it is possible to realize insufficient consideration of different environmental factors in the design process of the water-lubricated bearing and improve the accuracy of the design of the water-lubricated bearing , Practical.

Description

A test device for testing the performance of water-lubricated bearings in real environments

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of test devices, and more particularly relates to a test device for testing the performance of water-lubricated bearings in real environments.

Background technique

Water-lubricated bearings are a kind of bearings that use water as a lubricating medium. Compared with oil-lubricated bearings, they have the advantages of no pollution, simple structure, and small friction coefficient under high-speed conditions. They are more and more widely used in ship shafting . Water-lubricated bearings use the flow of water to take away the heat of friction. When the working speed of the shaft reaches a certain condition, a layer of water film is formed to further reduce friction.

Chinese patent CN201811203430 discloses a water-lubricated bearing performance test device, which includes a base on which a servo motor, a transmission device, a driven device and a water tank are installed, and a drive pulley is installed on the shaft of the servo motor. The driven pulley on the wheel and the transmission device is connected by a transmission belt, the rear end of the driven shaft in the driven device runs through the water tank, and the part where the driven shaft passes through the water tank is installed with a water-lubricated bearing assembly. The purpose of this invention is to solve the working conditions such as dynamic torque, bearing test specific pressure, different radial load, water pressure and so on during the performance test process of the ship shafting water lubricated bearing. Shafting water lubricated bearing performance. However, this device is mainly based on the easy loading and unloading of the bearings, so it mainly proposes the structural form of the water tank, but does not mention the environmental function that the water tank should achieve, and does not realize the simulation of real external factors such as water quality and incoming flow velocity. , does not consider the lateral loading, nor does it consider the influence of the bearing rotation angle on the bearing performance. Chinese patent CN200720087638 discloses a ship water lubricated stern bearing test device, including frequency conversion AC motor, reducer, intermediate shaft, intermediate bearing, front bearing bracket, front bearing, test shaft, rudder bearing bracket, loading device, base, cooling and lubrication system, test system. This patent adopts similar theory to establish a test device similar to the operating state of the real ship stern bearing. However, the structure of the device is complicated, and the water circulation method used in the test bearing is forced water lubrication, which does not realize the simulation of real factors such as water quality and incoming flow velocity. At the same time, the pressure distribution test method of the device is the strain The pressure sensor is arranged between the outer wall of the stern bearing and the support of the stern bearing along the axial direction of the bearing, so it is difficult to accurately measure the true uneven distribution pressure in the bearing.

Correspondingly, there is an urgent need in this field to propose a test device for testing the performance of water-lubricated bearings in real environments, which can effectively simulate the real environment and stress conditions when testing water-lubricated bearings, and can realize different environmental factors in the process of water-lubricated bearing design. Insufficient consideration is given to improve the accuracy and practicability of water-lubricated bearing design.

Contents of the invention

In view of the above defects or improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a test device for testing the performance of water-lubricated bearings in a real environment, wherein the test device is designed to test the characteristics of the interaction between the water-lubricated bearing and the test shaft during work. The test device for the performance of water-lubricated bearings in a real environment, and its key components such as the load simulation module, the environment simulation module and the structure of the measurement module and their specific setting methods have been studied and designed, which can effectively simulate and test the working conditions of water-lubricated bearings. The actual environment and stress conditions, through the test device, can realize the insufficient consideration of different environmental factors in the design process of water-lubricated bearings, improve the accuracy and practicability of water-lubricated bearing design, suitable for water-lubricated bearings in different Abrasion and performance testing under working conditions.

To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a test device for testing the performance of water-lubricated bearings in a real environment, including a load simulation module, a test shaft, an environment simulation module and a measurement module, wherein:

The test shaft is used to install the test water-lubricated bearing to be tested, and the load simulation module includes a torque output unit, a longitudinal load output unit and a lateral load output unit, and the torque output unit is arranged at one end of the test shaft for A torsional force is applied to the test shaft, the longitudinal load output unit is arranged at the other end of the test shaft, and is used to apply a longitudinal load along the axial direction of the test shaft to the test shaft, and the transverse load output unit Located in the middle of the test shaft, it is used to apply a lateral load to the test water-lubricated bearing and change the rotation angle of the test water-lubricated bearing;

The environment simulation module includes a water circulation unit and a water flow control unit, the test axis passes through the water circulation unit, the water circulation unit provides a simulated water environment for the test device, and the water flow control unit includes a A shaft tube in the unit and sleeved on the outer surface of the test water-lubricated bearing and scalable water baffles arranged at both ends of the shaft tube;

The measurement module is used to measure the rotational speed and displacement of the test shaft and the load and internal pressure distribution of the test water lubricated bearing.

Further, the water circulation unit includes a circulating water tank and a temperature-controllable water storage tank, and the circulating water tank and the temperature-controllable water storage tank are connected through an insulated water inlet pipe and an insulated water outlet pipe, thereby forming a closed water circulation loop.

Further, the distance between the connection point of the heat-insulated water inlet pipe and the temperature-controllable water storage tank and the horizontal plane is smaller than the distance between the connection point of the heat-insulated water outlet pipe and the temperature-controllable water storage tank and the horizontal plane; The distance between the connection point of the hot water inlet pipe and the circulating water tank and the horizontal plane is greater than the distance between the connection point of the thermal insulation outlet pipe and the circulating water tank and the horizontal plane.

Further, the heat-insulated outlet pipe is provided with a flow control valve and an impurity filter, wherein the impurity filter is arranged at the connection point between the heat-insulated outlet pipe and the temperature-controllable water storage tank; A vacuum suction pump and a shut-off valve are arranged on the heat-insulating water inlet pipe.

Further, the water circulation unit further includes a foreign object applicator arranged in the circulation water tank.

Further, the torque output unit includes a motor, an elastic coupling, a thrust bearing, and a torque output shaft connected in sequence, wherein the torque output shaft and the test shaft are connected through a coupling;

The longitudinal load output unit includes sequentially connected axially loaded airbags and a thrust output shaft, wherein the thrust output shaft and the test shaft are connected through a coupling;

There are multiple lateral load output units, and each lateral load output unit includes a hydraulic loader and a thrust rod connected to the hydraulic loader, and the hydraulic loader is used to push the thrust rod to reciprocate sports.

Further, the coupling is a hydraulic coupling, a universal joint or an Oldham coupling.

Further, the measurement module includes a displacement sensor, a rotational speed sensor, and a probe-type pressure sensor, wherein the displacement sensor and the rotational speed sensor are arranged on the outside of the test shaft, and the probe-type pressure sensor is provided with multiple, And a plurality of probe-type pressure sensors are evenly arranged in the test water-lubricated bearing for measuring the pressure distribution of the test water-lubricated bearing.

Further, the measurement module further includes a load sensor arranged between the hydraulic loader and the thrust rod, for measuring the load of the test water-lubricated bearing.

Further, a copper sleeve is also provided between the test water-lubricated bearing and the test shaft.

Generally speaking, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution conceived by the present invention mainly has the following technical advantages:

1. The present invention researches and designs key components such as the structure of the load simulation module, the environment simulation module, and the measurement module and their specific setting methods, so that it can effectively simulate the real environment and force of the test water-lubricated bearing when it is working Conditions, such as changing the water quality environment, incoming flow velocity, water temperature, and flow velocity through the water-lubricated bearing by adjusting the environmental simulation module, and adjusting the lateral angle, interaction force and The rotation angle of the water-lubricated bearing, combined with the measurement module to perform real-time measurement and feedback of various data, in order to obtain the pressure distribution and wear amount of the water-lubricated bearing, which can realize the insufficient consideration of different environmental factors in the design process of the water-lubricated bearing. Improve the accuracy and practicability of water-lubricated bearing design. It has the characteristics of strong authenticity, simple structure and convenient operation. It is suitable for testing the wear and performance of water-lubricated bearings under different working conditions.

2. The water circulation unit of the present invention connects the circulating water tank and the temperature-controllable water storage tank through the heat-insulated water inlet pipe and the heat-insulated water outlet pipe, thereby forming a closed water circulation loop whose temperature and water flow speed can be adjusted in real time, so as to realize the water-lubricated bearing in the Water simulation for working in various flow environments.

3. The foreign matter applicator in the water circulation unit of the present invention is used to further simulate the water quality conditions, such as sand content and obstacles, when the water lubricated bearing is working.

4. The load simulation module of the present invention includes a torque output unit, a lateral load output unit and a longitudinal load output unit, wherein the torque output unit provides torque to the test shaft, and the longitudinal load output unit provides the test shaft with a longitudinal direction along the axial direction of the test shaft. The load and lateral load output unit is used to apply the load between the test shaft and the test water-lubricated bearing to the test shaft and change the rotation angle of the test water-lubricated bearing. At the same time, according to the different working conditions of the water-lubricated bearing, Adjust the three force output units, and then truly and effectively simulate their influence and damage factors under different load conditions, so as to realize the insufficient consideration of different environmental factors in the design process of water-lubricated bearings, and improve the design accuracy of water-lubricated bearings. Accuracy, practicality.

5. The measurement module in the present invention includes a displacement sensor, a rotational speed sensor and a probe-type pressure sensor, which can acquire and adjust the load and rotation angle of the water-lubricated bearing in real time.

6. In the present invention, under different working conditions, the distribution specific pressure inside the water-lubricated bearing will have a large difference. Therefore, the present invention measures its The internal distribution specific pressure is used to obtain the real stress and pressure distribution of the water-lubricated bearing.

7. In the present invention, different forms of couplings can be selected according to different test conditions. When only axial loads and torsional loads need to be transmitted, the form can be in the form of hydraulic couplings to ensure that the torque output shaft, test shaft and The axes of the thrust output shafts are the same; when the vertical load and torque load need to be transmitted, the form can be a universal joint or a cross coupling, so that misalignment is allowed when the test shaft is connected with the torque output shaft and the thrust output shaft.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a test device for testing the performance of a water-lubricated bearing in a real environment provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an environment simulation module involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a water flow control unit and a longitudinal load output unit according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In all the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to represent the same elements or structures, wherein: 1-motor, 2-elastic coupling, 3-thrust bearing, 4-coupling, 5-flow control valve, 6-impurity filter, 7-temperature-controllable water storage tank, 8-foreign matter applicator, 9-vacuum suction pump, 10-stop valve, 11-torque output shaft, 12-test shaft, 13-circulating water tank, 14- Thrust output shaft, 15-displacement sensor, 16-speed sensor, 17-scalable water baffle, 18-shaft tube, 19-test water lubricated bearing, 20-copper sleeve, 21-shaft tube mounting frame, 22-probe Needle pressure sensor, 23-thrust rod, 24-load sensor, 25-hydraulic loader, 26-insulated water outlet pipe, 27-insulated water inlet pipe, 28-axial loading airbag.

Detailed ways

In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not constitute a conflict with each other.

As shown in Figure 1, a kind of test device of the present invention tests the performance of water-lubricated bearings under real environment comprises: load simulation module, environment simulation module and the test shaft 12 that connects described load simulation module and environment simulation module, wherein:

The load simulation module includes a torque output unit, a longitudinal load output unit and a lateral load output unit, the torque output unit is arranged at one end of the test shaft 12 for applying torsional force to the test shaft 12, the longitudinal load The output unit is arranged at the other end of the test shaft 12, and is used to apply a longitudinal load along the axial direction of the test shaft 12 to the test shaft 12, and the transverse load output unit is arranged at the middle of the test shaft 12, Used to apply lateral load to the test water-lubricated bearing 19 and change the rotation angle of the test water-lubricated bearing 19, that is, the axial offset between the test shaft 12 and the test water-lubricated bearing 19 along the test shaft 12 angle.

As shown in Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, described environment simulation module comprises water circulation unit and water flow control unit, wherein, described test axis 12 passes through described water circulation unit, and then, described water circulation unit is used for providing test. The real water environment, on the one hand, can adjust the flow rate of water, on the other hand, it can adjust the water temperature, and at the same time, it can also provide different water quality environments, such as seawater environment and freshwater environment, according to the working conditions of the lubricated bearing under water. The water flow control unit includes a shaft tube 18 disposed in the water circulation unit and sheathed on the outer surface of the test water lubricated bearing 19 , and scalable water baffles 7 are arranged at both ends thereof. In the present invention, the test water-lubricated bearing 19 is arranged between the test shaft 12 and the shaft tube 18. In order to further protect the test shaft 12, in the present invention, between the test water-lubricated bearing 19 and the test A copper sleeve 20 is also provided between the shafts 12 . In the present invention, both ends of the axial tube 18 are equipped with scalable water retaining plates 17, when the scalable water retaining plates 17 do not change, the water inlet of the axial tube 18 is fully opened, and the scalable water retaining plates 7 shrink to the maximum. Hours, the inner ring is in contact with the test shaft 12, and the water inlet of the shaft tube 18 is completely closed. Adjusting the flow velocity in the circulating water tank 13 and the scalable water baffle 17 can achieve the purpose of controlling the water flow in the test water lubricated bearing 19 .

Further, in the present invention, the water circulation unit includes a circulating water tank 13, a temperature-controllable water storage tank 7, and an insulated water inlet pipe 27 and an insulated water outlet pipe 26 connecting the water circulation unit including the circulating water tank 13 and the temperature-controllable water storage tank 7. The heat-insulating water inlet pipe 27 is provided with a shut-off valve 10 and a vacuum suction pump 9 , and the heat-insulated water outlet pipe 26 is provided with a flow control valve. The water outlet end of the heat-insulated water outlet pipe 26 is also provided with an impurity filter 6 . The front end of the heat-insulating water inlet pipe 27 is at the low point of the temperature-controllable water storage tank 7 sides, and the rear end is at the high point of the circulating water tank 13 sides. The heat insulation outlet pipe 26 front end is at the low point of the circulating water tank 13 sides, and the rear end is at the high point of the temperature-controllable water storage tank 7 sides. When starting the test, the stop valve 10 and the vacuum pump 9 are opened, and the water in the temperature-controllable water storage tank 7 goes to the circulating water tank 13 through the heat-insulated water inlet pipe 27 and then returns to the water storage tank 7 through the heat-insulated water outlet pipe 26, forming a closed loop of water flow. The water flow rate in the circulating water tank 13 can be controlled by the vacuum pump 9 and the flow control valve 5 . The temperature-controlled water storage tank 7 is provided with a water injection hole and a drainage hole, and fluids of different properties such as fresh water and sea water can be freely replaced when needed. The inside of the temperature-controllable water storage tank 7 is provided with a heating and cooling device, and the temperature of the circulating water can be adjusted as required. For the stability of the water temperature in the circulating water tank, the temperature-controllable water storage tank 7, the heat-insulated water inlet pipe 27, the circulating water tank 13, and the heat-insulated water outlet pipe 26 outer walls all adopt heat-insulating materials.

There is a foreign object applicator 8 near the water inlet in the circulating water tank 13, and foreign objects such as silt and oysters can be placed in the foreign object applicator 8. The purpose of controlling the impurity content in water is achieved by adjusting the circulating water flow rate and the release rate of foreign matter.

In the present invention, the torque output unit includes a motor 1, an elastic coupling 2, a thrust bearing 3, a torque output shaft 11 and a coupling 4 connected in sequence, wherein the coupling 4 is used to connect the torque output shaft 11 and the test axis 12. The test shaft 12 is respectively connected with the torque output shaft 11 and the thrust output shaft 14 through the coupling 4, and the motor 1 drives the elastic coupling 2 and the thrust bearing 3 to rotate, and the torque is transmitted to the test shaft 12 through the torque output shaft 11, so that the test The shaft 12 rotates at a certain speed, and the speed of the test shaft is measured by a speed sensor 16 arranged on one side of the test shaft 12. When there is a certain proportion of size difference between the actual bearing and the test bearing, the speed of the test shaft can be designed according to the dimensionless principle , to ensure the validity of the test data.

In the present invention, the lateral load output unit includes a thrust output shaft 14 and an axially loaded airbag 28 connected in sequence, and the thrust output shaft 14 is connected to the test shaft 12 through a coupling 4 . When pressurizing the axial load airbag 28, an axial load can be provided to the test shaft 12 via the thrust output shaft 14, and the axial load is finally transmitted to the thrust bearing 3 and then transmitted to the base and the ground.

There are multiple longitudinal load output units, and each longitudinal load output unit includes a hydraulic loader 25 and a thrust rod 23 connected to the hydraulic loader 25, and the hydraulic loader 25 is used to push the The thrust rod 23 moves forward and backward.

A thrust rod 23 and a hydraulic loader 25 are provided at the bottom of the shaft tube installation frame 21 of the shaft tube 18 , and a load sensor 24 is disposed in the middle. The displacement of the hydraulic loader 25 is precisely controlled by PLC programming. When multiple hydraulic loaders 25 load upwards at the same time, the load between the test shaft 12 and the test water-lubricated bearing 19 changes. At this time, the total load can be obtained by summing the outputs of multiple load sensors 24 . When a plurality of hydraulic loaders 25 have different upward displacements, the test water lubricated bearing 19 and the test shaft 12 all have a little rotation angle relative to the original axis, and the rotation angle of the test bearing can be obtained through the displacement of multiple hydraulic loaders 25. The test shaft The angle of rotation of 12 is obtained indirectly by displacement sensors 15 arranged at the two ends of the shaft. At this time, the distribution specific pressure inside the test water lubricated bearing 19 will have a large difference, which can be measured by the probe type pressure sensor 22 arranged in the test water lubricated bearing 19 .

As a preferred design of the present invention, there are two lateral load output units, each of which includes a hydraulic loader 25 and a thrust rod 23 connected to the hydraulic loader 25, and the hydraulic loader 25 is used In order to push the thrust rod 23 to move forward and backward, at the same time, two longitudinal load output units are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the test water lubricated bearing 19 .

Coupling 4 can choose different forms according to different test conditions. When only axial loads and torsional loads need to be transmitted, the form can be a hydraulic coupling form to ensure that the torque output shaft 11, test shaft 12 and thrust output shaft The axes of 14 are the same. When the vertical load and torque load need to be transmitted, the form can be a universal joint or a cross joint, so that misalignment is allowed when the test shaft 12 is connected with the torque output shaft 11 and the thrust output shaft 14 .

Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A test device for testing water-lubricated bearing performance under a real environment is characterized in that it includes a load simulation module, a test shaft (12), an environment simulation module and a measurement module, wherein: The test shaft (12) is used to install the test water lubricated bearing (19) to be tested, and the load simulation module includes a torque output unit, a longitudinal load output unit and a lateral load output unit, and the torque output unit is located at the One end of the test shaft (12) is used to apply torsional force to the test shaft (12), and the longitudinal load output unit is arranged at the other end of the test shaft (12) for applying torsion to the test shaft (12). A longitudinal load along the axial direction of the test shaft (12) is applied, and the transverse load output unit is arranged in the middle of the test shaft (12) for applying a transverse load to the test water-lubricated bearing (19) and changing The corner of the test water lubricated bearing (19); The environment simulation module includes a water circulation unit and a water flow control unit, the test shaft (12) passes through the water circulation unit, the water circulation unit provides a simulated water environment for the test device, and the water flow control unit includes a In the water circulation unit, the shaft tube (18) sleeved on the outer surface of the test water lubricated bearing (19) and the scalable water baffles (17) arranged at both ends of the shaft tube (18); The measurement module is used to measure the rotational speed and displacement of the test shaft (12) and the load and internal pressure distribution of the test water lubricated bearing (19). 2. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the water circulation unit comprises a circulating water tank (13) and a temperature-controllable water storage tank (7), and the circulating water tank (13) and the temperature-controllable storage tank The water tank (7) is connected to each other through a heat-insulated water inlet pipe (27) and a heat-insulated water outlet pipe (26), forming a temperature-controllable closed water circulation loop. 3. The test device according to claim 2, characterized in that the distance between the connection point of the heat-insulated water inlet pipe (27) and the temperature-controllable water storage tank (7) and the horizontal plane is smaller than that of the heat-insulated water outlet pipe (26) The distance between the connection point of the temperature-controllable water storage tank (7) and the horizontal plane; The distance between the connection point of the hot water outlet pipe (26) and the circulating water tank (13) and the horizontal plane. 4. The test device according to claim 3, characterized in that, the heat insulation outlet pipe (26) is provided with a flow control valve (5) and an impurity filter (6), wherein the impurity filter ( 6) Set at the connection point between the heat-insulated water outlet pipe (26) and the temperature-controllable water storage tank (7); the heat-insulated water inlet pipe (27) is provided with a vacuum suction pump (9) and a shut-off valve (10). 5. The test device according to claim 2, characterized in that, the water circulation unit further comprises a foreign object applicator (8) arranged in the circulation water tank (13). 6. The test device according to claim 1, characterized in that, the torque output unit comprises a motor (1), an elastic coupling (2), a thrust bearing (3) and a torque output shaft (11) connected in sequence ); the torque output shaft (11) and the test shaft (12) are connected through a coupling (4); the longitudinal load output unit includes successively connected axially loaded airbags (28) and thrust output shafts (14), the thrust output shaft (14) and the test shaft (12) are connected through a coupling (4); there are multiple lateral load output units, and each lateral load output unit Each includes a hydraulic loader (25) and a thrust rod (23) connected to the hydraulic loader (25), and the hydraulic loader (25) is used to push the thrust rod (23) to move forward and backward. 7. The test device according to claim 6, characterized in that, the coupling (4) is a hydraulic coupling, a universal coupling or an Oldham coupling. 8. test device according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described measuring module comprises displacement sensor (15), rotational speed sensor (16) and probe type pressure sensor (22); Described displacement sensor (15) and The rotation speed sensor (16) is arranged on the outside of the test shaft (12); the probe type pressure sensor (22) is provided with a plurality of, and a plurality of the probe type pressure sensors (22) are evenly arranged on the In the test water lubricated bearing (19), it is used to measure the internal pressure distribution of the test water lubricated bearing (19). 9. The test device according to claim 6, characterized in that, the measuring module further comprises a load sensor (24) arranged between the hydraulic loader (25) and the thrust rod (23), for To measure the load of the test water lubricated bearing (19). 10. The test device according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, a copper sleeve (20) is further provided between the test water-lubricated bearing (19) and the test shaft (12).