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CN110154483A - 一种环保耐候型复合强化板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种环保耐候型复合强化板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN110154483A
CN110154483A CN201910285804.3A CN201910285804A CN110154483A CN 110154483 A CN110154483 A CN 110154483A CN 201910285804 A CN201910285804 A CN 201910285804A CN 110154483 A CN110154483 A CN 110154483A
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proof
friendlyweather
environment
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composite reinforced
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黎国平
吴斌
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Zhenjiang Langyue Plastic Industry Co Ltd
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Zhenjiang Langyue Plastic Industry Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201910285804.3A priority Critical patent/CN110154483A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2019/084366 priority patent/WO2020206753A1/zh
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种环保耐候型复合强化板材及其制备方法，其特征在于：该环保耐候型复合强化板材依次包括印刷膜、耐刮层、耐磨层、基材层，各个结构层均采用可降解材料。采用特殊的制备工艺制得的环保耐候型复合强化板材有着优良的耐候性能，耐高温性能，解决了细菌的腐蚀地板的问题，在提高地板表面耐磨、耐刮性能的同时，又可使得整个地板通过生物降解实现完全降解，在提高地板耐用性及使用寿命的同时又解决了后续板材废弃带来的环境污染的问题。

Description

一种环保耐候型复合强化板材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料领域，更具体地说，它涉及一种环保耐候型复合强化板材及其制备方法。
背景技术
木塑地板是用木粉、竹粉、秸秆等天然植物纤维与聚乙烯、聚氯乙烯等热塑性树脂和加工助剂按照一定的比例混合后通过挤出成型、注射成型等加工方式制成的板材，其中热塑性树脂可以使用废旧回收塑料，植物纤维可以使用生物质废弃物。该材料兼有塑料和木质材料两种材料的性能特点，在一定程度上能够替代塑料和木质材料，具有防水、防潮、防虫、加工性好、安装简单、尺寸稳定性好等优点。但木塑/地板纹理效果差、耐磨性差和减震性差等缺点也比较明显，可以通过与其他材料复合进行改性，且目前木塑地板使用的塑料是石油基塑料，为不可再生资源，且降解性差，对环境不友好。
专利号CN201720477960.6公开了一种生物可降解木塑复合地板，该实用新型专利针对木塑地板的技术现状，虽然可以进行部分生物降解，但是地板的耐磨抗刮性能，耐用性能大大削弱，同时无法解决细菌腐蚀地板的问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术存在的以上问题，提供一种环保耐候型复合强化板材及其制备方法，本发明的一种环保耐候型复合强化板材有着优良的耐候性能，耐高温性能，解决了细菌的腐蚀地板的问题，在提高地板表面耐磨、耐刮性能的同时，又可使得整个地板通过生物降解实现完全降解，在提高地板耐用性及使用寿命的同时又解决了后续板材废弃带来的环保问题。
为实现上述技术目的，达到上述技术效果，本发明通过以下技术方案实现：一种环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：该环保耐候型复合强化板材结构依次包括印刷膜、耐刮层、耐磨层、基材层，上述各个结构层均采用可降解材料。
作为优选，所述印刷膜包括以下重量份：
所述填充母料包括碳酸钙、硅灰石、滑石粉和云母中的一种或几种，所述内润滑剂型号为C8-1670，所述外润滑剂型号为H-ST,所述增韧剂为MBS,所述胶化促进剂为丙烯酸树脂聚合物，所述紫外线吸收剂为UV-531，所述钛白粉型号为R-2196，所述色粉包括色粉4732：增白剂＝1:4，可根据颜色调整；
将PLA或PBS两种或两者中的一种用真空干燥箱进行干燥，温度为190℃-250℃，采用熔融共混法制备吹膜专用料，按上述比例将原料混合，使用双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，采用吹膜机制得可生物降解的印刷膜。
通过采用上述技术方案，使得印刷膜具有优良的耐磨擦性能和抗冲击性能，同时选用可降解的PLA/PBS的材料，避免了环境污染。
作为优选，所述耐刮层为UV漆膜，并且加入抗菌剂，所述抗菌剂包括纳米TiO2、银离子抗菌剂中的两种或一种。
通过采用上述技术方案，UV漆有着优异的耐刮擦性能和耐磨性能，同时作为绿色环保的油漆避免了环境污染，而抗菌剂的加入解决了细菌腐蚀地板的问题。
作为优选，所述耐磨层包括以下重量份:
所述增塑剂为环氧亚麻油，所述稳定剂包括光稳定剂和热稳定剂，所述内润滑剂型号为C8-1670，所述外润滑剂型号为H-ST,按上述重量份称取原料，经共混后经密炼压延成型。
通过采用上述技术方案，ACR树脂的加入使得板材有着优良的耐冲击、耐候性能和耐高温性能，增塑剂环氧亚麻油的加入使得板材结构有着优良的热稳定性和相容性，其与PLA/PBS材料的生物降解性又很好地解决了环境污染的问题。
作为优选，基材层成分比如下；
所选纤维材料包括木纤维、竹纤维和其它植物纤维中的一种或几种；所选矿物材料包括硫酸镁或氯化镁中的一种或几种；所选改性剂为GX-V系列菱镁改性剂。
通过采用上述技术方案，基材选用可降解的环保材料，很好地解决地板废弃后的环境污染问题，同时各种材料的添加增强了基材层的机械性能。
作为优选，基材层还嵌入有玻璃纤维网格层。
通过采用上述技术方案，玻璃纤维网格层的粘覆，使得整个板材有着良好的抗酸碱、耐水、耐水泥浸蚀、及抗其他化学腐蚀；尺寸稳定性好、硬挺、平整、不易收缩变形、定位性佳、防霉变、防虫、防火、保温、隔音等优点。
作为优选，该环保耐候型复合强化板材各个板层之间由胶黏剂粘结，胶黏剂为可降解聚氨酯胶黏剂或无机胶黏剂。
通过采用上述技术方案，更加全面的避免了地板废弃后无法降解所带来环境污染的问题。
本发明的环保耐候型复合强化板材的制备方法，具体如下:
板材各结构层厚度：印花膜厚度0.05mm-0.15mm，耐刮层厚度0.01mm-0.1mm，耐磨层厚度0.07mm到-0.7mm，基材厚度2-15mm。
印刷膜的制备：将PLA或PBS两种或两者中的一种用真空干燥箱进行干燥，温度为190℃-250℃，采用熔融共混法按所述重量份将原材料混合，使用双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，采用吹膜机制得可生物降解的印刷膜。
耐磨层的制备：按所述重量份称取原材料，经共混后经密炼压延成型。
S1:将印刷膜，耐磨层在平板热压机中铺料热压复合成型或将印刷膜，耐磨层经过高温压花辊复合，得到装饰膜；
S2:将复合好的装饰膜与基材层通过胶黏剂冷压复合，得到半成品；
S3:将复合好的半成品经UV涂布耐刮层，将得到的产品切割、修边，产品边缘开榫槽或不开槽直接使用。
综上所述，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明一种环保耐候型复合强化板材,各个结构层皆选取可降解和环保型材料，同时一些具备优异性能材料的添加，使得该复合强化板材有着优良的耐候性能，耐高温性能，解决了细菌的腐蚀地板的问题，在提高地板表面耐磨、耐刮性能的同时，又可使得整个地板通过生物降解实现完全降解，在提高地板耐用性及使用寿命的同时又解决了后续板材废弃带来的环境污染问题。
附图说明
图1为该环保耐候型复合强化板材结构图。
图中：1、印刷膜；2、耐刮层；3、耐磨层；4、基材层。
具体实施方式
本环保耐候型复合强化板材的制备方法，具体如下:
板材各结构层厚度：印花膜厚度0.05mm-0.15mm，耐刮层厚度0.01mm-0.1mm，耐磨层厚度0.07mm到-0.7mm，基材厚度2-15mm。
印刷膜1的制备：将PLA或PBS两种或两者中的一种用真空干燥箱进行干燥，温度为190℃-250℃，采用熔融共混法按所述重量份将原材料混合，使用双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，采用吹膜机制得可生物降解的印刷膜1。
耐磨层3的制备：按所述重量份称取原材料，经共混后经密炼压延成型。
S1:将印刷膜1，耐磨层3在平板热压机中铺料热压复合成型或将印刷膜1，耐磨层3经过高温压花辊复合，得到装饰膜；
S2:将复合好的装饰膜与基材层4通过胶粘剂冷压复合，得到半成品；
S3:将复合好的半成品经UV涂布耐刮层2，将得到的产品切割、修边，产品边缘开榫槽或不开槽直接使用。
表一：实施例1-5的配方量
表二：实施例6-10的配方量
表三：实施例11-15的配方量
对各个实施例制备的环保耐候型复合强化板材，进行测试试验，按表四的主要技术指标的标准要求进行测试，得到测试结果如表五。
表四主要技术指标
表五各实施例的测试结果
测试结果分析：实施例15作为优选，板材硬度最高达到100，磨损体积最少为28mm3，厚度减少最小为0.01mm，耐候性裂纹数目最少仅为1个，无褪色变色现象，生物降解性能最为优异，在很短时间内可完全降解，根据实际情况，撤掉嵌入在基材层中的玻璃纤维网格层,板材的各项性能更好。通过测试结果可以看出采用本制备方法制备的环保耐候型复合强化板材，耐候性能优异，几乎没有开裂、褪色的现象；并且硬度极高，耐刮擦性能良好；耐磨擦磨损性能极为优异，延长了地板的使用寿命，抗菌剂的添加解决了地板使用中细菌腐蚀地板的问题，采用可降解材料使得板材废弃后基本可以完全降解，避免了环境污染的问题。

Claims (10)

1.一种环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：该环保耐候型复合强化板材结构依次包括印刷膜(1)、耐刮层(2)、耐磨层(3)、基材层(4)，上述各个结构层均采用可降解材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：所述印刷膜(1)包括以下重量份：
所述填充母料包括碳酸钙、硅灰石、滑石粉和云母中的一种或几种，所述内润滑剂型号为C8-1670，所述外润滑剂型号为H-ST,所述增韧剂为MBS,所述胶化促进剂为丙烯酸树脂聚合物，所述紫外线吸收剂为UV-531，所述钛白粉型号为R-2196，所述其他助剂包括色粉4732：增白剂＝1:4，可根据颜色调整配比；
将PLA或PBS两种或两者中的一种用真空干燥箱进行干燥，温度为190℃-250℃，采用熔融共混法制备吹膜专用料，按上述比例将原料混合，使用双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒，采用吹膜机制得可生物降解的印刷膜(1)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：所述耐刮层(2)为UV漆膜，并且加入抗菌剂。
4.根据权利要求3所述的环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：所述抗菌剂包括纳米TiO2、银离子抗菌剂中的一种或两种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：耐磨层(3)包括以下重量份:
所述增塑剂为环氧亚麻油，所述稳定剂包括光稳定剂和热稳定剂，所述内润滑剂型号为C8-1670，所述外润滑剂型号为H-ST,按上述重量份称取原料，经共混后经密炼压延成型。
6.根据权利要求1所述的环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：所述基材层(4)成分比如下：
所述纤维材料包括木纤维、竹纤维和其它植物纤维中的一种或几种；所述矿物材料包括硫酸镁或氯化镁中的一种或几种；所述改性剂为GX-V系列菱镁改性剂。
7.根据权利要求6所述的环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：所述基材层(4)中还嵌入有玻璃纤维网格层。
8.根据权利要求1所述的环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：所述环保耐候型复合强化板材各个板层之间由胶黏剂粘结。
9.根据权利要求8所述的环保耐候型复合强化板材，其特征在于：所述胶黏剂为可降解聚氨酯胶黏剂或无机胶凝剂。
10.根据权利要求1-9中任一权利要求所述的环保耐候型复合强化板材的制备方法，其特征在于：具体步骤如下:
S1:将印刷膜(1)，耐磨层(3)在平板热压机中铺料热压复合成型或将印刷膜(1)，耐磨层(3)经过高温压花辊复合，得到装饰膜；
S2:将复合好的装饰膜与基材层(4)通过胶粘剂冷压复合，得到半成品；
S3:将复合好的半成品经UV漆涂布耐刮层(2)，将得到的产品切割、修边，产品边缘开榫槽或不开槽直接使用。
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