CN110153947A - A tolerance automatic adjustment device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic tolerance adjustment device, which includes an upper case, a positioning stud, a locking washer and an elastic adjustment piece; the upper case is a hollow cavity structure, and its inner cavity is divided into a mounting hole and a first The inner cavity, the opening end of the installation hole is provided with a raised outer edge, the outer wall of the upper shell is provided with a positioning rib; the elastic adjusting piece is arranged on the outer surface of the positioning rib; the middle part of the positioning stud is provided with There is a boss matching the first inner cavity, the boss is inserted into the first inner cavity, the upper shell and the positioning stud are fixed through threaded connection; the locking washer is arranged in the first inner cavity, And move freely in the shaft hole gap formed by the end face of the boss and the baffle plate of the upper shell. The invention makes full use of the kinetic energy of bolt rotation and advancement, can automatically eliminate tolerance accumulation, realize fast and effective precise positioning and assembly, and solve the defects of many processes, high cost, high technical difficulty in operation and low work efficiency in the prior art.

Description

A tolerance automatic adjustment device

technical field

The present invention relates to the technical field of tolerance adjustment devices, in particular to an automatic tolerance adjustment device.

Background technique

With the rapid development of the automobile industry, the requirements for parts assembly are getting higher and higher. In the assembly process involving three or more parts, the assembly positioning and final matching effect cannot meet the requirements due to the accumulation of manufacturing and assembly tolerances. The current solution is: 1. Reduce the manufacturing tolerance, but this will lead to a sharp increase in cost, and at the same time it cannot effectively eliminate the accumulated tolerance to achieve positioning and matching expectations; 2. Use adjusting nuts, but manual adjustment is used during the assembly process. The experience and ability of the operating staff is extremely demanding, and the work efficiency is greatly reduced at the same time.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide an automatic tolerance adjustment device. The present invention makes full use of the kinetic energy of the bolt rotation and advancement, can automatically eliminate the accumulation of tolerances, realize fast and effective precise positioning and assembly, and solve the existing problems. There are many processes in the technology, the cost is high, the operation technology is difficult, and the work efficiency is low.

According to one aspect of the present invention, an automatic tolerance adjustment device is provided, including an upper case (1), a positioning stud (2), a locking washer (3) and an elastic adjusting piece (4); the upper case (1) ) is a hollow cavity structure, and its inner cavity is divided into an installation hole (14) and a first inner cavity (13) by a baffle (18). The opening end of the installation hole (14) is provided with a raised outer edge (11 ), the outer wall of the upper shell (1) is provided with positioning ribs (12); the elastic regulating piece (4) is arranged on the outer surface of the positioning ribs (12); There is a boss (26) matching the first inner cavity (13), the boss (26) is inserted into the first inner cavity (13), and the upper shell (1) and the positioning stud (2) pass through Threaded connection and fixation; the locking washer (3) is arranged in the first inner cavity (13), and the shaft hole gap formed between the end surface of the boss (26) and the baffle plate (18) of the upper shell (1) Medium free movement. That is, the lock washer (3) is limited by the end face of the boss (26) and the baffle (18) of the upper shell (1), and moves freely in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the positioning stud (2), Automatically eliminate the free adjustment of the X-direction and Y-direction tolerances of the plane where the end face of the positioning stud is located (the plane perpendicular to the positioning stud).

Preferably, the elastic regulating piece (4) is a spring or a shrapnel, which includes a spring edge (41) and a hole (42), and the spring edge (41) is provided with a single layer or multiple layers. The elastic adjusting piece (4) is sleeved on the outer surface of the positioning rib (12), and is constrained by the fixed mechanism and the raised outer edge (11) of the upper shell, and the elastic adjusting piece (4) floats and compresses by elastic force , move freely along the axial direction of the upper shell, and realize the tolerance adjustment in the coaxial direction with the positioning stud.

Preferably, the lock washer (3) is made of manganese steel or stainless steel, the positioning stud (2) is made of nylon 6, nylon 66 or POM, and the positioning The hardness of the stud (2) is lower than that of the lock washer (3). The locking washer (3) is elastic steel, and the material can be manganese steel series steel (65Mn or 60Si2Mn) or stainless steel series steel (SU304) with certain hardness and elasticity after heat treatment. The positioning stud (2) needs It has rigidity and toughness, so that the radial ridges on the locking washer can be embedded in the end face of the boss of the positioning stud, increasing the frictional force when the locking washer and the positioning stud are frictionally locked.

Preferably, the locking washer (3) is provided with an inner hole (31), the end surface of the locking washer (3) is provided with radial embossing (32), and the end surface of the locking washer (3) The radial embossment (32) makes the locking washer (3) have sufficient frictional force at any position on the end face of the boss (26) of the positioning stud (2), so as to lock the positioning stud (2), And it can effectively prevent the lock washer from moving under the condition of vibration and gravity. The radial relief of the locking washer has strong friction with the end surface of the boss of the positioning stud, which can effectively lock the position and solve the problem that the grid pattern and the straight pattern are easy to shift.

Preferably, the inner wall of the first inner cavity (13) is provided with a first thread (15), and the outer wall of the opening end of the first inner cavity (13) is provided with a plurality of thread stop grooves (17) .

Preferably, the boss (26) is provided with a second inner cavity (21), and the outer wall of the boss (26) is provided with a second thread (22) matched with the first thread (15).

Preferably, the outer diameter of the locking washer (3) is smaller than the diameter of the first inner cavity (13), and larger than the diameters of the mounting hole (14) and the second inner cavity (21), and the inner hole (31 ) is smaller than the diameter of the second lumen (21).

Preferably, the height L ₁ of the boss (26) is smaller than the depth L ₂ of the first inner cavity (13), and the thickness L ₃ of the locking washer (3) satisfies the condition: L ₃ <(L ₂ -L ₁ ), so that the locking washer (3) can move freely along the plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the positioning stud (2).

Preferably, a plurality of positioning ribs (12) are provided, and they are all arranged vertically with the wall of the upper shell (1), and one end of the positioning ribs (12) is attached to the lower surface of the raised outer edge (11). Closed connection, the other end is provided with mechanism stop ladder (16).

Preferably, the wall of the positioning stud (2) is provided with a stop card (23) and a positioning tension piece (24), and the stop card (23) and the positioning tension piece (24) are alternately arranged On the outer ring of the boss (26), and between the boss (26), there is a groove (27) for accommodating the wall of the upper shell (1), and the surface of the groove (27) is provided with a stop Groove (25). The structure of the stop card (23) and the positioning tension piece (24) has an elastic effect, and the device can quickly complete the center adjustment of the device and the connecting mechanism by using the stop card (23) and the positioning tension piece (24) and coaxial positioning. The first thread (15) of the upper shell stops at the stop groove (25) of the positioning stud (2), and is double-locked with the inclination angle of the small thread to prevent loosening.

Preferably, the upper shell (1) and the positioning studs (2) are integrally formed.

Working principle of the present invention is:

(1) Mainly use the elastic compression deformation of the elastic adjusting piece to eliminate the tolerance accumulation along the Z direction of the bolt axial advance direction during the installation process of the fixed mechanism (the existing tolerance adjustment device either does not adjust the Z-direction tolerance, or is complex inefficient way to make rigid adjustments);

(2) Use the lock washer to move freely in the shaft hole gap to realize the free adjustment of the tolerance in the X direction and Y direction of the plane perpendicular to the positioning stud; The locking washer moves to the required position in the direction of X and Y in the shaft hole gap; while the pressure when the bolt is tightened compresses the locking washer, and friction is generated to lock the locking washer at the XY point position of the shaft hole gap , automatically realize the tolerance adjustment in the X direction and Y direction of the plane perpendicular to the positioning stud;

(3) Utilize the radial ridges on the end surface of the locking washer to make the locking washer have sufficient friction at any position on the end surface of the boss of the positioning stud to lock the positioning stud, and can effectively prevent the Lockwasher movement under vibration and gravity (grid and ruled grains prone to deflection); ie:

a) The lock washer can move freely in the X direction and the Y direction. When the bolt is screwed into the nut during installation, the lock washer moves to the desired X and Y positions along with the bolt;

b) When the bolt chooses to lock the positioning stud, the torque of the bolt compresses the locking washer, while the area of the radial relief is small and the pressure is strong, allowing the locking washer to lock the positioning stud;

c) If straight grain is used, when the direction of the straight grain is consistent with the direction of gravity, there is a risk of parts sliding; if grid grain is used, the area of the grain will result in small pressure and poor locking effect;

(4) Due to the different hardness of the material of the locking washer and the positioning stud, the radial ribs on the locking washer can be embedded in the end face of the boss of the positioning stud to increase the frictional locking of the locking washer and the positioning stud At the same time, the radial pattern can effectively resist the force generated by long-term temperature difference changes and vibrations, prevent the positional deviation of the locking washer and the positioning stud, and avoid the tolerance in the X and Y directions during use .

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) The tolerance automatic adjustment device involved in the present invention can quickly complete the center adjustment and coaxial positioning of the device and the connecting mechanism by using the stop card and the positioning tensioner; The tolerance adjustment of the coaxial Z direction of the column; the free movement of the locking washer in the gap of the shaft hole realizes the free adjustment of the tolerance of the X direction and the Y direction of the plane perpendicular to the positioning stud, thus realizing the X/Y/Z three Tolerance adjustment in the direction; and use the friction force between the radial emboss of the locking washer and the end face of the positioning stud boss to lock the position, and realize the locking of the adjusted position after solving the problem of loosening;

(2) The tolerance automatic adjustment device involved in the present invention makes full use of the kinetic energy of bolt rotation and advancement, and can directly and automatically eliminate the tolerance accumulation in the three directions of X/Y/Z directly during the bolt tightening process, realizing fast and effective The precise positioning and assembly of the existing technology solves the defects of many processes, high cost, high technical difficulty in operation, and low work efficiency in the prior art (traditional methods can only adjust one tolerance alone or require multiple processes to adjust the axial tolerance);

(3) The tolerance automatic adjustment device involved in the present invention mainly utilizes the principle of elastic positioning, friction locking and plastic deformation to adjust the tolerance adjustment of two dimensions of the plane; utilizes the principle of elastic compression to adjust the axial tolerance by elastic floating;

(4) The tolerance automatic adjustment device involved in the present invention has a wide range of applications, and can realize the purpose of fast assembly and fast adjustment in complex and limited installation environments such as automobiles, aviation, home appliances, ships, doors, etc., and has high positioning strength and precise positioning , greatly improving work efficiency, reducing production costs and quality costs;

(5) The tolerance automatic adjustment device involved in the present invention can transfer the tolerance adjustment work in the complex space to the adjustment work in the part development and processing process through the intervention in the early stage of the project, and can do the directional development of serialized modular products , and batch flexible automatic processing to meet the diverse requirements of customers, greatly improving the development speed and reducing project development costs;

(6) The tolerance automatic adjustment device involved in the present invention, the characteristics of the radial emboss and the soft and hard matching of the material effectively prevent the temperature difference change and the displacement deviation caused by vibration, and prolong the service life of the device;

(7) The tolerance automatic adjustment device involved in the present invention has simple structure, ingenious design and remarkable effect;

(8) The tolerance automatic adjustment device involved in the present invention is easy to process and assemble, has high positioning accuracy, low cost, strong practicability, and is suitable for wide-scale promotion.

Description of drawings

Other characteristics, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of upper shell;

Fig. 2 is the structural representation of positioning stud;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of a lock washer;

Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of elastic regulating piece;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the connection between the tolerance automatic adjustment device and the connection mechanism.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following examples will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Example

This embodiment provides an automatic tolerance adjustment device, whose structure is shown in Figures 1-4 in detail: it includes an upper shell 1, a positioning stud 2, a locking washer 3 and an elastic adjustment piece 4; the upper shell 1 is Hollow cavity structure, the inner cavity is divided into a mounting hole 14 and a first cavity 13 by a baffle 18, the opening end of the mounting hole 14 is provided with a raised outer edge 11, and the outer wall of the upper shell 1 is provided with Positioning rib 12; the elastic adjusting piece 4 is arranged on the outer surface of the positioning rib 12; the middle part of the positioning stud 2 is provided with a boss 26 matching the first inner cavity 13, and the boss 26 is inserted into the first In the inner cavity 13, the upper shell 1 and the positioning stud 2 are fixed through threaded connection; 18 to move freely in the shaft hole gap formed. That is to say, the locking washer 3 is limited by the end face of the boss 26 and the baffle plate 18 of the upper shell 1, and freely moves in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the positioning stud 2, automatically eliminating the plane where the end face of the positioning stud is located (with the Free adjustment of tolerances in the X and Y directions of the plane perpendicular to the positioning stud).

Further, the elastic regulating piece 4 is a spring or a shrapnel, which includes a spring edge 41 and a hole 42, and the spring edge 41 is provided with a single layer or multiple layers. The elastic adjusting piece 4 is sleeved on the outer surface of the positioning rib 12, and is constrained by the fixed mechanism and the raised outer edge 11 of the upper shell. Free movement to achieve tolerance adjustment in the coaxial direction with the positioning stud.

Further, the lock washer 3 is made of manganese steel or stainless steel, the positioning stud 2 is made of nylon 6, nylon 66 or POM, and the positioning stud 2 The hardness is lower than that of the lock washer 3. . The locking washer 3 is elastic steel, and the material can be manganese steel series steel (65Mn or 60Si2Mn) or stainless steel series steel (SU304) with a certain hardness and elasticity after heat treatment. The positioning stud 2 needs to have rigidity and toughness , so that the radial ridges on the locking washer can be embedded in the end face of the boss of the positioning stud, increasing the frictional force when the locking washer and the positioning stud are frictionally locked.

Further, the locking washer 3 is provided with an inner hole 31, and the end surface of the locking washer 3 is provided with a radial embossment 32, and the radial embossing 32 on the end surface of the locking washer 3 makes the locking washer 3 There is sufficient friction force at any position on the end surface of the boss 26 of the positioning stud 2 to lock the positioning stud 2, and can effectively prevent the locking gasket from moving under vibration and gravity. The radial relief of the locking washer has strong friction with the end surface of the boss of the positioning stud, which can effectively lock the position and solve the problem that the grid pattern and the straight pattern are easy to shift.

Further, the inner wall of the first inner chamber 13 is provided with a first thread 15 , and the outer wall of the opening end of the first inner chamber 13 is provided with a plurality of thread stop grooves 17 .

Further, the boss 26 is provided with a second inner cavity 21 , and the outer wall of the boss 26 is provided with a second screw thread 22 matched with the first screw thread 15 .

Further, the outer diameter of the locking washer 3 is smaller than the diameter of the first inner cavity 13 and larger than the diameter of the installation hole 14 and the second inner cavity 21, and the diameter of the inner hole 31 is smaller than that of the second inner cavity 21. diameter.

Further, the height L ₁ of the boss 26 is smaller than the depth L ₂ of the first inner cavity 13, and the thickness L _{3 of the locking washer 3} satisfies the condition: L ₃ <(L ₂ −L ₁ ), The locking washer 3 can move freely along the plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the positioning stud 2 .

Further, there are a plurality of positioning ribs 12, and they are all arranged perpendicular to the wall of the upper shell 1. One end of the positioning ribs 12 is connected to the lower surface of the raised outer edge 11, and the other end is provided with a mechanism Stop ladder 16.

Further, the wall of the positioning stud 2 is provided with a stop card 23 and a positioning tension piece 24, and the stop card 23 and the positioning tension piece 24 are alternately arranged on the outer ring of the boss 26, and A groove 27 for accommodating the wall of the upper shell 1 is provided between the bosses 26 , and a stop groove 25 is provided on the surface of the groove 27 . The structure of the stop card 23 and the positioning tension piece 24 has an elastic force, and the device can quickly complete the center adjustment and coaxial positioning of the device and the connecting mechanism by using the stop card 23 and the positioning tension piece 24 . The first thread 15 of the upper shell is only located in the stop groove 25 of the positioning stud 2, and is double locked with the inclination angle of the small thread to prevent loosening.

Further, the upper shell 1 and the positioning stud 2 are integrally formed.

The installation and adjustment process of the tolerance automatic adjustment device and the fixed mechanism is as follows (such as the installation of a car door handle), and its structure is shown in Figure 5 for details:

Step 1, the positioning stud 2 in the tolerance automatic adjustment device passes through the first installation hole 51 of the first fixed mechanism 5 (door handle), the stop card 23 is snapped into the first installation hole 51, and pops up to limit The first fixed mechanism 5 retreats, and the first installation hole 51 of the first fixed mechanism 5 is limited between the elastic edge 41 of the elastic adjusting piece 4 and the stop card 23, and is tightened by the positioning of the positioning stud 2 at the same time. The sheet 24 is tensioned and coaxially positioned;

Step 2, the installation matching device 52 of the first fixed mechanism 5 is pushed into and pre-positioned in the second installation hole of the second fixed mechanism 7 (door outer sheet metal), and then the bolts 6 are sequentially passed through the upper shell 1 the mounting hole 14 of the locking washer 3, the second inner cavity 21 of the positioning stud 2, the third mounting hole 81 of the third fixed mechanism 8 (the inner sheet metal of the car door), and the mounting nut 9 Connection locked. An elastic body 54 is arranged at the joint between the first fixed mechanism 5 and the second fixed mechanism 7. The elastic body 54 is elastic foam, sealant, or other elastic objects, and its function is sealing and shock absorption. in:

1) The elastic body 54 and the elastic regulating piece 4 are mutually supported by force, and the thickness of the elastic body 54 decreases as the pressure increases, and increases in thickness as the pressure decreases. The total source of force comes from the axial distance of the bolt 6. If the axial distance is large, the compression amount of the elastic adjusting piece 4 is small, the elastic force is small, and the thickness of the elastic body 54 is large; if the axial distance is small, the compression amount of the elastic adjusting piece 4 is large. The elastic force is large, and the thickness of the elastic body 54 is small, thereby realizing the tolerance adjustment in the axial Z direction. The two elastic bodies (elastic adjusting piece 4 and elastic body 54) can well realize dynamic balance, adjust force, absorb shock and prevent noise, and the effect is optimal.

2) If the elastic body 54 is replaced by a rigid object, then its function is only a sealing function, and the tolerance adjustment in the axial Z direction is all subjected to the tolerance deformation by the deformation of the elastic adjusting piece 4, so as to realize the tolerance adjustment in the axial Z direction . When there is only one elastic body (elastic adjusting piece 4), although the elastic adjusting piece 4 has adjusted the tolerance, the shock absorption and noise prevention are not as good as the scheme when there are two elastic bodies.

3) Whether the elastic body 54 is an elastic body or not depends on the actual application and is not within the functional scope of this product.

During the locking process, the locking washer 3 can move freely in the shaft hole gap formed by the end surface of the boss 26 of the positioning stud 2 and the baffle plate 18 of the upper shell 1, and automatically eliminates the two gaps in the plane where the end surface of the positioning stud 2 is located. Axial tolerance (X direction and Y direction of the plane perpendicular to the positioning stud, that is, the front, rear, left, and right directions of the shaft hole gap), until the radial rib 32 of the locking washer 3 is pressed against the boss of the positioning stud 2 26, the friction force limits the force movement of the locking washer 3 on the end face of the boss 26 of the positioning stud 2; the distance from the stop card 23 of the preset positioning stud 2 to the lower end surface of the positioning stud 2 is less than Theoretical distance to install the first fixed mechanism 5 under the condition of force, in the process of locking the bolt 6, the elastic edge 41 of the elastic adjusting piece 4 presses the first fixed mechanism 5 to automatically position and closely cooperate with the second fixed mechanism 7 , to complete the elimination of tolerance accumulation in the coaxial direction with the positioning stud (axial Z direction, that is, the up and down direction along the positioning stud axis). Thus, the cumulative elimination of tolerances in three directions is finally realized.

When the first fixed mechanism 5 is forced to compress the elastic adjusting piece 4 and retreats, the mechanism stop step 16 in the upper shell 1 blocks the edge 53 of the first fixed mechanism 5, limiting the first fixed mechanism 5 within a reasonable range. The working range ensures that the elastic adjusting piece 4 works in a safe compression range, and ensures that the first fixed mechanism 5 works safely.

Specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments described above, and those skilled in the art may make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which do not affect the essence of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of tolerance automatic regulating apparatus, which is characterized in that including upper casing (1), positioning stud (2), lock washer (3) and bullet Property adjustment sheet (4)；The upper casing (1) is in hollow cavity structure, and inner cavity is divided into mounting hole (14) and the by baffle (18) One inner cavity (13), the open end of the mounting hole (14) are equipped with raised outer (11), and the outer wall of the upper casing (1) is equipped with positioning Muscle (12)；Outer surface of flexible adjustment piece (4) setting in positioning bar (12)；The middle part of the positioning stud (2) be equipped with The boss (26) that first inner chamber (13) matches, boss (26) insertion first inner chamber (13) is interior, the upper casing (1) and positioning Stud (2) is connected through a screw thread fixation；The lock washer (3) is arranged in first inner chamber (13), and at the end of boss (26) Free movement in the axis hole gap that the baffle (18) of face and upper casing (1) is formed.

2. tolerance automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the flexible adjustment piece (4) is spring Or elastic slice comprising play side (41) and hole (42), the bullet side (41) is equipped with single-layer or multi-layer.

3. tolerance automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lock washer (3) is using manganese Steel type steel or stainless steel structural section are made, and the positioning stud (2) is made using nylon 6, nylon66 fiber or POM, And the hardness of the positioning stud (2) is lower than the hardness of lock washer (3).

4. tolerance automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the lock washer (3) is equipped with inner hole (31), the end face of the lock washer (3) is equipped with radial burr (32).

5. tolerance automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 4, which is characterized in that on the inner wall of the first inner chamber (13) Equipped with the first screw thread (15), the outer wall of the open end of the first inner chamber (13) is equipped with multiple screw thread stop bit grooves (17).

6. tolerance automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 5, which is characterized in that be equipped in second in the boss (26) Chamber (21), the outer wall of the boss (26) are equipped with the second screw thread (22) cooperated with the first screw thread (15).

7. tolerance automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the outer diameter of the lock washer (3) is small Diameter in first inner chamber (13), and it is greater than the diameter of mounting hole (14) and second inner chamber (21), the diameter of the inner hole (31) Less than the diameter of second inner chamber (21).

8. tolerance automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 1 or claim 7, which is characterized in that the height L of the boss (26)₁It is small In the depth L of first inner chamber (13)₂, the thickness L of the lock washer (3)₃The condition of satisfaction are as follows: L₃<(L₂-L₁)。

9. tolerance automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the positioning bar (12) be equipped with it is multiple, And the wall body with upper casing (1) is vertically arranged, one end of the positioning bar (12) is bonded company with the lower surface of raised outer (11) It connects, the other end is equipped with mechanism stop bit halfpace (16).

10. tolerance automatic regulating apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that on the wall body of the positioning stud (2) Equipped with stop bit card (23) and locating tensioning piece (24), the stop bit card (23) and the alternate setting of locating tensioning piece (24) are convex The outer ring of platform (26), and the groove (27) for accommodating the wall body of upper casing (1), the table of the groove (27) are equipped between boss (26) Face is equipped with position-arresting groove (25).