CN110146257B - Device and method for rapidly measuring change of optical axis of space laser load - Google Patents
Device and method for rapidly measuring change of optical axis of space laser load Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
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- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0207—Details of measuring devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
- G01M11/02—Testing optical properties
- G01M11/0242—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations
- G01M11/0257—Testing optical properties by measuring geometrical properties or aberrations by analyzing the image formed by the object to be tested
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for rapidly measuring the change of a space laser load optical axis, which are based on the auto-collimation function of a pyramid prism, the invention divides the incident collimated light into two beams of collimated light, wherein the transmitted Lu Zhunzhi light reaches the pyramid prism after being transmitted and turns 180 degrees to be reflected and exits through a beam splitting prism again, and a transmission path is converged on a CCD camera after being transmitted to an off-axis collimator through the beam splitting prism and is an initial origin; the collimated light of the reflecting path is reflected by the beam splitting prism to enter the second beam splitting prism, then enters the testing system through the reflecting path of the second beam splitting prism, returns through the pyramid prism after passing through the transmission path of the second beam splitting prism, and then enters the other system (two light beams respectively irradiate to two sides at 180 degrees) after being reflected by the second beam splitting prism. The system can rapidly measure the deformation condition of the satellite bin plate. The device has simple structure and simple operation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for rapidly measuring the change of a space laser load optical axis, which are suitable for testing the deformation of a satellite bin plate, monitoring the optical axis with high precision, and are also suitable for the fields of plane reference relation systems with high alignment requirements and the like.
Background
In the new era of rapid development of aerospace industry, satellites become an indispensable bearing tool, more than 200 satellites are launched in China in 2018, and the number of the launched satellites is continuously increased. New spaceflight thinking is continuously put forward in the country, and civil spaceflight also becomes a new dominant force army to continuously add bricks and tiles for the spaceflight industry. With the flight of the aerospace industry, the requirements on satellites are also higher and higher, and then the accuracy and the speed of the measurement method are higher. For satellites, deformation of the bin plate is an important index, and the conventional method for testing the deformation of the bin plate of the satellite adopts the method for aligning the Leica theodolite, and then the direction test of the measuring cube prism is carried out. The patent provides a high-precision method for rapidly measuring deformation of a satellite bin plate, and provides two light spots which are absolutely parallel and form 180 degrees for calibrating two cube prisms. The device adopts a visible light source, can quickly perform rough reading, and then adopts a high-precision CCD camera detector for testing.
In the space flight process, the requirement is increased along with the requirement on resolution, the adoption of a large caliber has become a recognized trend, the optical axis registration degree is one of key technical indexes of the system in the process of assembling and correcting the large caliber system, the change of the optical axis directly influences the detection level of the system, the change of the optical axis registration is possibly brought along with the large volume and heavy weight of the system along with the increase of the caliber, and particularly the problems of high coaxial precision caused by the load of polarization information, the imaging load and the ranging load are particularly prominent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for rapidly measuring the change of the optical axis of a space laser load, and the device can meet the requirements of auxiliary calibration and real-time monitoring of high-precision coaxiality and can also perform calibration and measurement of a satellite plane reference mirror. The invention is characterized in that: 1) The structure is simple, and the cost is low; 2) The adjusting method is simple, and two beams of light which are 180 degrees apart are established by utilizing the interaction of the beam splitting prism and the pyramid prism; 3) The invention can assist in establishing and adjusting the optical axis of the visible light system and provide a function of rapid measurement and real-time measurement.
The device of the invention is shown in figure 1, and the working process of the device is as follows:
the single-mode fiber laser 1 emits free laser light at the focus of the collimating mirror 2, and the free laser light enters the first beam splitting prism (3) to be split into 50 after being collimated by the collimating mirror 2: 50, one of which is absorbed by the light absorber 4 through the first beam splitter prism (3). The other beam of light is reflected by the first beam splitter prism 3 and enters the second beam splitter prism 5 to be split into 50:50, and the reflected light passes through the attenuation sheet 7 and enters the system. The transmitted light enters the pyramid prism 6 to be emitted after 180 degrees of rotation, and then is reflected by the second beam splitter prism 5 to enter another system. The light enters an off-axis collimator 8 to converge into a CCD camera 9 through a second beam splitter prism 5 and a first beam splitter prism 3 after rotating 180 degrees through a pyramid prism 6, so as to form a self-detection light spot. The spot is initially scaled. The adjusted system is placed in the tested system 10, and the tested system 10 consists of a mounting plate 10-1, a reference mirror 10-2 and a reference mirror 10-3. During measurement, the reference mirror 10-3 is firstly subjected to reflective light modulation to the self-checking light spot position, then the light spot centroid returned by the reference mirror 10-2 is read, and the ratio of the centroid coordinate difference delta of the two light spots to the focal length f of the selected off-axis collimator 8 is the on-axis precision delta of the optical axis. The formula is:
δ＝Δ/2f
in urad units
The invention discloses a high-precision device for rapidly measuring deformation of a satellite bin plate, which is shown in figure 1 and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) And (3) regulating the relation between the single-mode fiber laser 1 and the collimating mirror 2: the method comprises the steps of introducing laser light from one end of a single-mode fiber laser 1 to be collimated by a collimating lens 2, reflecting the collimated light by a first beam splitting prism 3, entering a collimator tube, imaging on a focal plane beam analyzer, enabling the imaging point of the collimated light on the beam analyzer to be minimum by adjusting the relative position of the light emergent end face of the single-mode fiber laser 1 and the collimating lens 2, fixing the single-mode fiber laser 1 and the collimating lens 2 into a whole to form a collimated light group, and completing adjustment of the collimating lens 2 and the single-mode fiber laser 1.
2) The off-axis collimator 8 is adjusted with the CCD camera 9: firstly, fixing the required wavelength to the focus of a collimator, emitting a parallel light beam in front of the collimator, preliminarily fixing the off-axis collimator 8 and the CCD camera 9 in a reference tool, adjusting the relative position of the CCD camera 9 to the off-axis collimator 8 to enable the imaging point of a light spot to be at the minimum position, and then fixing the off-axis collimator 8 and the CCD camera 9 into a whole to finish the adjustment of the off-axis collimator 8 and the CCD camera 9.
3) And (3) adjusting a collimation light group and a CCD camera group: firstly, two collimation light groups are fixed after being mutually collimated, then a first beam splitting prism 3 is placed between the two collimation light groups, then the two collimation light groups are placed in front of a collimator, the first collimation light group is reflected by the first beam splitting prism 3 and enters the collimator, a pyramid prism 6 is placed in the outgoing direction of the second collimation light group after being reflected, the incoming light enters the collimator after passing through the pyramid prism 6, then the rotation direction of the first beam splitting prism 3 is regulated, the two collimation light is injected into the collimator to coincide at a focus, the first beam splitting prism 3 is fixed, then the pyramid prism 6 is replaced by a CCD camera group, the CCD camera group is regulated, light spots are fixed at the center of a detector of the CCD camera group, and then the collimation light group reflected into the CCD camera group is removed and changed into a light absorber 4. And the adjustment of the collimation light group and the CCD camera group is completed.
4) A second beam splitter prism 5 is added in front of a first beam splitter prism 3 of the fixed collimation light group and the CCD camera group, a pyramid prism 6 is respectively arranged opposite to a transmission path and a reflection path, the pyramid prism 6 of the transmission path is fixed, the second beam splitter prism 5 is adjusted to enable the light to enter the pyramid prism 6 after being transmitted, then the light is reflected by the second beam splitter prism 5 and returned to the CCD camera group through the original path of the other pyramid prism 6, and the second beam splitter prism 5 is fixed after the light spot of the CCD camera group is arranged at the center of a detector of the CCD camera group. At this time, the system equipment is modulated.
5) And (3) confirming the attenuation multiplying power: firstly, the first path of laser is reflected by a first beam splitting prism 3, the energy is 0.5 times of the basic energy, then the first path of laser enters a second beam splitting prism 5 for reflection, and the reflected laser enters a system for outgoing with the energy being 0.25 times of the basic energy; the other path of laser is reflected by the first beam splitter prism 3, the energy is 0.5 times of the basic energy, then the laser is transmitted by the second beam splitter prism 5, the transmitted energy is 0.25 times of the basic energy and is emitted to the pyramid prism 6, the laser is reflected again to the second beam splitter prism 5 by the pyramid prism 6, and the laser is emitted by the second beam splitter prism 5 after being reflected into the system energy and being 0.125 times of the basic energy. In order to balance energy, 0.5 times of the attenuation sheet 7 is added in the first path, namely the energy is also 0.125 times of the basic energy to be emitted.
The device of the invention is mainly characterized in that:
1) The structure is simple, and the cost is low;
2) The invention utilizes the interaction of the beam splitting prism and the pyramid prism to establish two beams of light which are mutually absolute 180 degrees so as to complete the bidirectional emission effect.
3) The invention can assist in the deformation test of the bin plate of the satellite platform, can also provide the functions of rapid measurement, real-time monitoring and the like for the establishment and adjustment of the optical axis of the visible light system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a high-precision optical path of a device for rapidly measuring deformation of a satellite bin plate.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a collimated light set and an optical axis adjustment
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the adjustment of the collimating optics and CCD camera set
Detailed Description
Examples of the implementation of the method according to the invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The main devices employed in the present invention are described below:
1) Single-mode fiber laser 1: the 671nm single-mode fiber laser of vincrist industry photoelectric technology Co., ltd.) is adopted, and the main performance parameters are as follows: the working wave band is 671+/-10 nm; continuous light output, 50mw of light output energy and <5% of energy stability.
2) Collimation lens 2: the main performance parameters of the collimating lens with the model AL2520-B of Thorlabs company are adopted: the working wave band is 650-1050nm; the focal length is 20mm, and the aperture of the light transmission is 25mm; the transmission material is ECO550;
3) A first beam splitter prism 3 and a second beam splitter prism 5: the main performance parameters of the non-polarized beam-splitting prism with the model BS007 of Thorlabs were used: the working wave band is 700-1100nm; the spectral ratio was 1:1, the aperture of the light transmission is 25mm;
4) Light absorber 4: customization, namely adopting perovskite material, wherein the depth is 20mm, and the caliber is 25.4mm
5) Cube corner prism 6: the pyramid prism with the model PS971 of Thorlabs is adopted, and the main performance parameters are as follows: the surface shape of the light-transmitting surface is better than lambda/10, and lambda=632.8nm; the rotation precision is less than 3', and the aperture of the light transmission is 25.4mm;
6) Attenuation sheet 7: a fixed density filter of Zhuo Lihan light was used, model NDF12505-a. Its main performance parameters: the aperture is phi 25.4mm, the attenuation multiplying power is 0.5 times, the surface shape is better than lambda/20, and lambda=632.8 nm;
7) Off-axis collimator 8: customization, its main performance parameters: the caliber is 100mm, and the transmission material is K9.
7) CCD camera 9: the main performance parameters of the beam analyzer used were SP620, a model number of spiracon, usa: the working wave band is 190nm-1100nm, the pixel size is 4.4um by 4.4um, and the number of pixels is 1600 by 1200;
the high-precision device for rapidly measuring the deformation of the satellite bin plate is shown in fig. 1, can be suitable for testing the deformation of the satellite bin plate (testing the reference relationship of a plane cube prism), assists in high-precision optical axis establishment testing and optical axis monitoring, and is also suitable for the fields of plane reference relationship systems with high alignment requirements and the like. The method comprises the following specific implementation steps:
1. and (3) regulating the relation between the single-mode fiber laser 1 and the collimating mirror 2: the method comprises the steps of introducing laser light from one end of a single-mode fiber laser 1 to be collimated by a collimating lens 2, reflecting the collimated light by a first beam splitting prism 3, entering a collimator tube, imaging on a focal plane beam analyzer, enabling the imaging point of the collimated light on the beam analyzer to be minimum by adjusting the relative position of the outgoing end face of the optical fiber of the single-mode fiber laser 1 and the collimating lens 2, fixing the single-mode fiber laser 1 and the collimating lens 2 into a whole to form a collimating light group, and completing adjustment of the collimating lens 2 and the single-mode fiber laser 1.
2. The off-axis collimator 8 is adjusted with the CCD camera 9: firstly, fixing the required wavelength to the focus of a collimator, emitting a parallel light beam in front of the collimator, preliminarily fixing the off-axis collimator 8 and the CCD camera 9 in a reference tool, adjusting the relative position of the CCD camera 9 to the off-axis collimator 8 to enable the imaging point of a light spot to be at the minimum position, and then fixing the off-axis collimator 8 and the CCD camera 9 into a whole to finish the adjustment of the off-axis collimator 8 and the CCD camera 9.
3. And (3) adjusting a collimation light group and a CCD camera group: firstly, two collimation light groups are mutually collimated and then fixed, then a first beam splitting prism 3 is placed between the two collimation light groups, then the first collimation light group is placed in front of a collimator, the first collimation light group is reflected by the first beam splitting prism (3) and enters the collimator, a pyramid prism 6 is placed in the outgoing direction of the second collimation light group opposite to the first collimation light group, the incoming light enters the collimator after passing through the pyramid prism 6, then the rotation direction of the first beam splitting prism 3 is regulated, the two collimation light is injected into the collimator to coincide with the focus, the first beam splitting prism 3 is fixed, at the moment, the pyramid prism 6 is replaced by a CCD camera group, the CCD camera group is regulated, light spots are fixed at the center of a detector of the CCD camera group, and then the collimation light group reflected into the CCD camera group is taken down and changed into a light absorber 4. And the adjustment of the collimation light group and the CCD camera group is completed.
4. A second beam splitter prism 5 is added in front of a first beam splitter prism 3 of the fixed collimation light group and the CCD camera group, a pyramid prism 6 is respectively arranged opposite to a transmission path and a reflection path, the pyramid prism 6 of the transmission path is fixed, the second beam splitter prism 5 is adjusted to enable the light to enter the pyramid prism 6 after being transmitted, then the light is reflected by the second beam splitter prism 5 and returned to the CCD camera group through the original path of the other pyramid prism 6, and the second beam splitter prism 5 is fixed after the light spot of the CCD camera group is arranged at the center of a detector of the CCD camera group. At this time, the system equipment is modulated.
5. And (3) confirming the attenuation multiplying power: firstly, the first path of laser is reflected by a first beam splitting prism 3, the energy is 0.5 times of the basic energy, then the first path of laser enters a second beam splitting prism 5 for reflection, and the reflected laser enters a system for outgoing with the energy being 0.25 times of the basic energy; the other path of laser is reflected by the first beam splitter prism 3, the energy is 0.5 times of the basic energy, then the laser is transmitted by the second beam splitter prism 5, the transmitted energy is 0.25 times of the basic energy and is emitted to the pyramid prism 6, the laser is reflected again to the second beam splitter prism 5 by the pyramid prism 6, and the laser is emitted and emitted after the laser is reflected by the second beam splitter prism 5 and enters the system and is 0.125 times of the basic energy. In order to balance energy, 0.5 times of the attenuation sheet 7 is added in the first path, namely the energy is also 0.125 times of the basic energy to be emitted.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a device of quick survey space laser load optical axis change, includes single mode fiber laser (1), collimating mirror (2), a beam splitter prism (3), optical absorber (4), no. two beam splitter prisms (5), pyramid prism (6), attenuator (7), off-axis collimator (8), CCD camera (9) and system under test (10), its characterized in that:
the single-mode fiber laser (1) emits free laser light at the focus of the collimating lens (2), the free laser light enters the first beam splitting prism (3) to split into two beams of uniform light of 50:50 after being collimated by the collimating lens (2), and one beam of laser light is absorbed by the light absorber (4) through the first beam splitting prism (3); the other beam of light is reflected by the first beam splitter prism (3) and enters the second beam splitter prism (5) to be split into 50:50, the second beam splitter prism (5) reflects the uniform light and enters the system after passing through the attenuation sheet (7); the second beam splitter prism (5) enters the pyramid prism (6) through transmission and rotates 180 degrees to emit, and then enters another system through reflection of the second beam splitter prism (5); the light enters an off-axis collimator (8) to be converged into a CCD camera (9) through a second beam splitter prism (5) and a first beam splitter prism (3) after rotating 180 degrees through a pyramid prism (6), so as to form a self-detection light spot which is an initial calibration light spot; placing the adjusted system into a tested system (10), wherein the tested system (10) consists of a mounting plate (10-1), a first reference mirror (10-2) and a second reference mirror (10-3); during measurement, firstly, the second reference mirror (10-3) is subjected to reflective light modulation to the self-checking light spot position, then the light spot centroid returned by the first reference mirror (10-2) is read, and the center of mass coordinate difference delta of the two light spots is read and divided by the ratio of the focal length f of the selected off-axis collimator (8), wherein the coaxial precision delta of the optical axis is as follows:
δ＝Δ/2f
the unit is urad;
the surface shape deviation RMS value of the collimating mirror (2) is smaller than lambda/10, lambda=632.8nm, and the refractive index error is smaller than 2%;
the first beam splitting prism (3) and the second beam splitting prism (5) are of a beam splitting ratio of 50:50, the beam splitting angle is 45 DEG + -5 ', the parallelism precision of the two groups of horizontal light passing surfaces is less than 5', the surface shape deviation RMS value of each light passing surface is less than lambda/10, and lambda=632.8 nm.
2. The apparatus for rapidly measuring changes in the optical axis of a spatial laser load according to claim 1, wherein: the light absorber (4) adopts perovskite.
3. The apparatus for rapidly measuring changes in the optical axis of a spatial laser load according to claim 1, wherein: the rotation precision of the pyramid prism (6) is less than 3'.
4. The apparatus for rapidly measuring changes in the optical axis of a spatial laser load according to claim 1, wherein: the surface shape deviation RMS value of the attenuation sheet (7) is smaller than lambda/10, and the attenuation multiplying power is 0.5 times.
5. The apparatus for rapidly measuring changes in the optical axis of a spatial laser load according to claim 1, wherein: the system wave difference of the off-axis collimator (8) is better than lambda/15, and lambda=632.8 nm.
6. The device and method for rapidly measuring the change of the optical axis of a spatial laser load according to claim 1, wherein: the pixel size of the CCD camera (9) is 4.4um X4.4 um.
7. A detection method based on the device for rapidly measuring the change of the optical axis of the space laser load according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) And (3) regulating the relation between the single-mode fiber laser (1) and the collimating mirror (2): introducing laser at one end of a single-mode fiber laser (1) to be collimated by a collimating lens (2), reflecting the collimated light by a first beam splitting prism (3), entering a collimator, imaging on a focal plane beam analyzer, and adjusting the relative positions of the light emergent end face of the single-mode fiber laser (1) and the collimating lens (2) to enable the imaging point of the collimated light on the beam analyzer to be minimum, fixing the single-mode fiber laser (1) and the collimating lens (2) into a whole to be a collimated light group, so as to finish the adjustment of the collimating lens (2) and the single-mode fiber laser (1);
2) The off-axis collimator (8) and the CCD camera (9) are adjusted: firstly, fixing the required wavelength to a focus of a 4m collimator, emitting a parallel light beam in front of the collimator, preliminarily fixing an off-axis collimator (8) and a CCD (charge coupled device) camera (9) in a reference tool, adjusting the relative position of the CCD camera (9) to the off-axis collimator (8) to enable a light spot imaging point to be at a minimum position, and then fixing the off-axis collimator (8) and the CCD camera (9) into a whole to finish adjustment of the off-axis collimator (8) and the CCD camera (9);
3) And (3) adjusting a collimation light group and a CCD camera group: firstly, two collimation light groups are fixed after being mutually collimated, a first beam splitting prism (3) is placed between the two collimation light groups, then the two collimation light groups are placed in front of a collimator, the first collimation light group is reflected by the first beam splitting prism (3) and enters the collimator, the opposite second collimation light group is reflected by the second beam splitting prism, the emergent direction is added into a pyramid prism (6), the entered light enters the collimator after passing through the pyramid prism (6), then the rotation direction of the first beam splitting prism (3) is regulated, the two collimation light is injected into the collimator to coincide with the focus, the first beam splitting prism (3) is fixed, at the moment, the pyramid prism (6) is replaced by a CCD camera group, the CCD camera group is regulated, light spots are fixed at the center of a detector of the CCD camera group, and then the collimation light group reflected into the CCD camera group is removed and changed into a light absorber (4), and the regulation of the collimation light group and the CCD camera group is completed;
4) A second beam splitter prism (5) is added in front of a first beam splitter prism (3) of the fixed collimation light group and the CCD camera group, a pyramid prism (6) is respectively arranged opposite to a transmission path and a reflection path, the pyramid prism (6) of the transmission path is fixed, the second beam splitter prism (5) is adjusted to enable the light to enter the pyramid prism (6) through transmission, then the light is reflected by the second beam splitter prism (5) and returns to a light spot of the CCD camera group in the center of a detector of the CCD camera group through the original path of the other pyramid prism (6), and the second beam splitter prism (5) is fixed, so that system equipment is modulated;
5) And (3) confirming the attenuation multiplying power: firstly, the first path of laser is reflected by a first beam splitting prism (3), the energy is 0.5 times of the basic energy, then the first path of laser enters a second beam splitting prism (5) for reflection, and the reflected laser enters a system for outgoing with the energy being 0.25 times of the basic energy; the other path of laser is reflected by a first beam splitting prism (3), the energy is 0.5 times of the basic energy, then the laser is transmitted by a second beam splitting prism (5), the transmitted energy is 0.25 times of the basic energy and is emitted to a pyramid prism (6), the transmitted energy is reflected again by the pyramid prism (6) to the second beam splitting prism (5), and the transmitted energy is 0.125 times of the basic energy which is reflected by the second beam splitting prism (5) and enters the system; in order to balance energy, a 0.5-time attenuation sheet (7) is added in the first path, namely the energy is also emergent 0.125 times of the basic energy.
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| CN115307748A (en) * | 2022-07-27 | 2022-11-08 | 北京极光星通科技有限公司 | Device and method for measuring far and near field light spot modes of laser communication load |
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