CN110124510A - A method of utilizing oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid - Google Patents
A method of utilizing oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN110124510A CN110124510A CN201910084685.5A CN201910084685A CN110124510A CN 110124510 A CN110124510 A CN 110124510A CN 201910084685 A CN201910084685 A CN 201910084685A CN 110124510 A CN110124510 A CN 110124510A
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D50/00—Combinations of methods or devices for separating particles from gases or vapours
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/002—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by condensation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
- B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
- B01D53/86—Catalytic processes
- B01D53/8603—Removing sulfur compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
- C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
- C01B17/74—Preparation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
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- B01D2257/302—Sulfur oxides
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of methods using oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid, comprising the following steps: S1. oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead enters high energy scrubber, and smoke particle is captured, absorbs, cools down;Flue gas enters scrubbing tower, acts on remaining smoke particle with spray liquid through packing layer and is captured;S2. purified flue gas enters electrostatic precipitator, and acid mist is separated with gas under high voltage electric field effect;S3. flue gas enters drier, makes flue gas drying.Flue gas after drying enters converter, is sulfur trioxide by Sulphur Dioxide by catalyst catalytic action;Conversion gas enters absorption tower, and sulfur trioxide is absorbed sour absorption, prepares high-concentration sulfuric acid;S4. tail gas from absorption tower enters devulcanizer, and for sulfur dioxide by solvent absorption, the rich solution after sulfur dioxide absorption enters regenerator through pump, heat exchanger in absorption tower;S5. the sulfuric acid of diluted acid storage tank enters retrieval of sulfuric acid tower, obtains finished product sulfuric acid after distillation.The present invention is efficient, economic, green, environmentally friendly acid-making process.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tail gas disposal technique fields, and in particular to a kind of to utilize oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid
Method.
Background technique
It is major issue and China two of the relationship environment protection with economic benefit that sulfur dioxide, which carries out processing, in smelting lead
The emphasis of sulfur oxide emission reduction.Country gradually starts to carry out total amount control to sulfur dioxide gas discharge in metal smelt industry production
System, if tail gas is without processing, total amount discharge also will be exceeded, according to the requirement of environmentally friendly administrative department, intends to each metal smelt row
Industry tail gas is administered, and sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions total amount is reduced, and to reach the increasingly strict emission request of country, is seen from the perspective of policy
Out, resolution of the China to sulfur dioxide emission reduction.
The main source of China's sulfur dioxide is the related Production in Chemical Plant of the huge metal smelt industry in China and part
The sulfur dioxide discharged in tail gas.Various regions chemical industry, electric power, in petrochemical field vent gas treatment technological transformation project progress like a raging fire,
Learn about common tail gas desulfurization treatment process below.China metal smelt industry is directed to be handled containing SO 2 tail gas
Method there are many kinds of, including ammonia-acid process, ammonia process, sodium alkali, sodium citrate, limestone-gypsum method, activated coke method etc., wherein
It is most widely used to have ammonia-acid process, limestone-gypsum method and activated coke method, but every kind of method has respective advantage and disadvantage.
Limestone-gypsum method produces calcium hydroxide as absorbent, in a knot using quick lime or lime stone using very extensive
The sulfur dioxide in industrial tail gas is washed in the compact absorption tower of structure, to achieve the purpose that cleaning of off-gas.Limestone-gypsum method cigarette
Desulfurization technology has simple process, and absorptivity is higher, and operation is easy, and invests the advantages that smaller, but there is also many problems, especially
It is used in the extremely complex flue gas during smelting processing of smoke components, state.
Ammonia-acid process desulfurization is to make absorbent with certain density ammonium hydroxide, the detergent industry in a compact-sized absorption tower
Sulfur dioxide in tail gas, to achieve the purpose that cleaning of off-gas.Three features of ammonia-acid process: need ammonia source, absorb law technology,
Product sulphur ammonium.And exactly these three features determine some defects of sour method.It is to need ammonia source first;Followed by absorption process skill
Art;But more importantly: the value of the product of sulphur ammonium is lower, and What is more, and sulphur ammonium easily causes the hardening soil as fertilizer, much
The ammonium sulfate products sale of side makes people worried.
Activated coke method is mainly using absorption law technology, and technical process is as follows are as follows: the sulfur dioxide in flue gas is lived
Property coke absorbs, and sulfuric acid is generated inside activated coke, and the activated coke after absorption is admitted to regenerator, is heated to 300-600
DEG C, the sulfur dioxide of high concentration is released, the gas rich in sulfur dioxide can be used for producing sulfuric acid or sulfur dioxide liquid etc. and be
Column product.When activated coke method is handled for sulfuric acid tail gas, optimal products scheme is the gas return sulphur that will be enriched in sulfur dioxide
Sour device produces sulfuric acid.But from the point of view of the process chemically reacted, chemical process is complicated, necessarily makes and forms total one-time investment
Greatly.
Lead smelting industry flue gas usually has the characteristics that complicated component, particulate matter dust are more, sulfur dioxide fluctuation is strong.It adopts
Such flue gas is handled with traditional handicrafts such as limestone-gypsum method, sodium alkalis, control difficulty is big, operating cost is high, has waste residue production
It is raw, and it is difficult to ensure that vent gas treatment stably reaching standard.
Summary of the invention
It is a kind of using oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid technical problem to be solved by the present invention lies in providing
Method can be very good to adapt to oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead feature, using high-efficient washing, demisting, drying, conversion, absorption, take off
The method that sulphur administers sulfur dioxide in flue gas realizes the discharge of desulfidation tail gas stably reaching standard, while by-product is the concentrated sulfuric acid, wherein tail
The purifying rate of gas is up to 98%, and the conversion ratio of sulfur dioxide is 99.7%, sulfur dioxide in tail gas concentration: < 150mg/Nm3, no
But the environmental issue for efficiently solving enterprise, turns waste into wealth simultaneously, is a kind of efficient, economic, green, environmentally friendly tail gas clean-up processing
Technique.
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are realized using following technical scheme:
A method of using oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid, the specific method is as follows:
S1. oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead enters high energy scrubber, and high energy scrubber includes reverse jet tube, and flue gas enters inverse spray
Pipe bumps against with the circulating liquid come reversely is penetrated, and forms Thysanophyllum, and Thysanophyllum occurs smoke particle and is captured, absorbs, cools down;Cigarette
Gas enters scrubbing tower, comes into full contact with through packing layer and spray liquid, and remaining dust is captured, and flue gas is purified.
S2. purified flue gas enters electrostatic precipitator, high voltage electric field effect under, acid mist precipitate on the electrode and
It is separated with gas;When flue gas passes through high voltage electric field, gas occurs ionization and generates a large amount of ions, to certain orientation under electric field action
Mobile, the acid mist particle being suspended in gas is encountered in its stroke makes droplet with charge.The acid mist particle of electrification is in electric field
Guide property electrode movement and charge is transmitted to electrode under the action of power, lose acid mist after electrical property precipitate on the electrode and with gas
Body separation.
S3. flue gas enters drier, and flue gas and desiccant make flue gas drying after coming into full contact with.Flue gas after drying enters
Converter is catalyzed by catalyst at a certain temperature, and the sulfur dioxide in flue gas is made to generate sulfur trioxide in conjunction with oxygen;Turn
Change gas and enter absorber, is existed into absorption tower with by the absorbent under tower top leaching by the conversion gas containing sulfur trioxide being converted
Filler surface contact converts the sulfur trioxide in gas and is absorbed agent absorption.
S4. absorber tail gas enters desulfuration absorbing tower, and sulfur dioxide is absorbed agent absorption in desulfuration absorbing tower, absorbs two
Rich solution after sulfur oxide is pumped, heat exchanger enters desulfurization regeneration tower, low temperature of absorption sulfur dioxide, by absorbent two under high temperature
Sulfur oxide, which regenerates, to be come, to reach sulfur dioxide in removing and recovered flue gas.The sulfur dioxide desorbed after gas-liquid separation,
It is sent into drier, enters diluted acid storage tank later.
S5. the sulfuric acid of diluted acid storage tank enters retrieval of sulfuric acid tower, obtains finished product sulfuric acid after distillation.
Further, the flue gas in above-mentioned steps S1 is removed in high energy scrubber reverse jet tube, and remaining dust is being washed
It washs in tower and removes.
Further, the acid mist in above-mentioned steps S2 is removed by series connection electrostatic precipitator.
Further, the drier in above-mentioned steps S3 is a kind of drying tower with filler, and drier is greater than using concentration
Equal to 93% sulfuric acid as desiccant.
Further, the absorber in above-mentioned steps S3 is a kind of absorption tower with filler, and absorber is greater than using concentration
Equal to 98% sulfuric acid as absorbent.
Further, converter uses V in above-mentioned steps S32O5As catalyst.
Further, the sulfuric acid that drier bottom produces in above-mentioned steps S3 enters absorber.
Further, the sulfuric acid that absorber bottom produces in above-mentioned steps S3 enters drier.
Further, desulfuration absorbing tower is a kind of absorption tower with filler in above-mentioned steps S4, and desulfurization regeneration tower is a kind of
Desorber with filler, the sulfur dioxide that desulfurization regeneration tower desorbs are sent to drier and are dried.
Further, retrieval of sulfuric acid tower is a kind of destilling tower heated using conduction oil in above-mentioned steps S5.
The discharge of desulfidation tail gas stably reaching standard had both may be implemented in implementation of the invention, while can also produce the dense sulphur of by-product
Acid, wherein the purifying rate of tail gas is up to 98%, and the conversion ratio of sulfur dioxide is 99.7%, and sulfur dioxide in tail gas concentration <
150mg/Nm3, not only efficiently solves the environmental issue of enterprise, turns waste into wealth simultaneously, brings economic benefit to enterprise.The present invention
It is a kind of efficient, economic, green, environmentally friendly tail gas clean-up treatment process.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is process flow chart of the invention.
Specific embodiment
This hair is further described below with reference to being specifically illustrating in order to facilitate understanding technological means of the invention, process flow
It is bright.
Embodiment 1:
A method of using oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid, the specific method is as follows:
S1. oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead enters high energy scrubber, and high energy scrubber includes reverse jet tube, and flue gas enters inverse spray
Pipe bumps against with the circulating liquid come reversely is penetrated, and forms Thysanophyllum, and Thysanophyllum occurs smoke particle and is captured, absorbs, cools down;Cigarette
Gas enters scrubbing tower, comes into full contact with through packing layer and spray liquid, and remaining dust is captured, and flue gas is purified.
S2. purified flue gas enters electrostatic precipitator, high voltage electric field effect under, acid mist precipitate on the electrode and
It is separated with gas.
S3. flue gas enters drier, and flue gas and desiccant make flue gas drying after coming into full contact with.Flue gas after drying enters
Converter is catalyzed by catalyst at a certain temperature, and the sulfur dioxide in flue gas is made to generate sulfur trioxide in conjunction with oxygen;Turn
Change gas and enter absorber, is existed into absorption tower with by the absorbent under tower top leaching by the conversion gas containing sulfur trioxide being converted
Filler surface contact converts the sulfur trioxide in gas and is absorbed agent absorption.
S4. absorber tail gas enters desulfuration absorbing tower, and sulfur dioxide is absorbed agent absorption in desulfuration absorbing tower, absorbs two
Rich solution after sulfur oxide is pumped, heat exchanger enters desulfurization regeneration tower, low temperature of absorption sulfur dioxide, by absorbent two under high temperature
Sulfur oxide, which regenerates, to be come, to reach sulfur dioxide in removing and recovered flue gas.The sulfur dioxide desorbed after gas-liquid separation,
It is sent into drier, enters diluted acid storage tank later.
S5. the sulfuric acid of diluted acid storage tank enters retrieval of sulfuric acid tower, obtains finished product sulfuric acid after distillation.
Further, the flue gas in above-mentioned steps S1 is removed in high energy scrubber reverse jet tube, and remaining dust is being washed
It washs in tower and removes.
Further, the acid mist in above-mentioned steps S2 is removed by series connection electrostatic precipitator.
Further, the drier in above-mentioned steps S3 is a kind of drying tower with filler, and drier is greater than using concentration
Equal to 93% sulfuric acid as desiccant.
Further, the absorber in above-mentioned steps S3 is a kind of absorption tower with filler, and absorber is greater than using concentration
Equal to 98% sulfuric acid as absorbent.
Further, converter uses V in above-mentioned steps S32O5As catalyst.
Further, the sulfuric acid that drier bottom produces in above-mentioned steps S3 enters absorber.
Further, the sulfuric acid that absorber bottom produces in above-mentioned steps S3 enters drier.
Further, desulfuration absorbing tower is a kind of absorption tower with filler in above-mentioned steps S4, and desulfurization regeneration tower is a kind of
Desorber with filler, the sulfur dioxide that desulfurization regeneration tower desorbs are sent to drier and are dried.
Further, retrieval of sulfuric acid tower is a kind of destilling tower heated using conduction oil in S5.
Embodiment 2:
Such as Fig. 1, a kind of device using oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid, including the high-efficient washing being sequentially connected
Device, scrubbing tower, electrostatic precipitator, drier, drier, converter, absorber, concentrated acid storage tank, diluted acid storage tank and retrieval of sulfuric acid
Tower.
Further, described device further includes sequentially connected desulfuration absorbing tower and desulfurization regeneration tower, the absorber with
Desulfuration absorbing tower is sequentially connected.
Smelting lead enters the reverse jet tube of high energy scrubber, and the high energy scrubber circulating liquid come with contra-injection bumps against
Thysanophyllum is formed, smoke particle trapping occurs for Thysanophyllum, gas absorbs and the processes such as gas chilled, gas after gas-liquid separation
Washing and further cooling are carried out into scrubbing tower.
Specifically, flue gas is entered by scrubbing tower lower part, the circulating pump of scrubbing tower is sprayed cleaning solution by packed tower top, warp
Packing layer comes into full contact with gas phase flue gas, and in gas scrubbing purification process, the dust of remaining part is captured down.
When gas containing acid mist passes through electrostatic precipitator high voltage electric field, gas occurs ionization and generates a large amount of ions, in electric field action
Lower mobile to certain orientation, the acid mist particle being suspended in gas is encountered in its stroke makes droplet with charge.The acid of electrification
Charge guide property electrode movement and is transmitted to electrode under the action of electric field force by fog particles, and acid mist sinks on the electrode after losing electrical property
It forms sediment and is separated with gas.
Flue gas after demisting enters in drier, and the concentrated sulfuric acid that concentration is greater than 93% is stored in drier, utilizes dense sulphur
Acid has strong water absorbing properties, and in tower, flue gas makes flue gas drying after coming into full contact with sulfuric acid.It is laggard that drier removes moisture
Enter converter, in converter, at a certain temperature, passes through catalyst (V2O5) catalysis, make the sulfur dioxide and oxygen in flue gas
In conjunction with generation sulfur trioxide.
Its reaction equation are as follows: 2SO2+O2=2SO3+Q。
This reaction is reversible, a heat release, the reaction of volume-diminished.Flue gas after drying passes through three-level heat exchanger and electricity
Under heater thermogenic action, entered after converter cooler cooling effects at different levels by entering converter at the top of converter
Junior's cooler finally produces by converter bottom, entered in absorber after exchanging heat, by what is be converted containing sulfur trioxide
Gas is converted, absorber is entered by lower part, is contacted with by the absorption sour (98% sulfuric acid) under absorber overhead leaching in filler surface,
Sulfur trioxide in conversion gas is absorbed sour absorption.
It is chemically reacted are as follows: SO3+H2O=H2SO4+Q。
Absorber overhead tail gas enters desulfuration absorbing tower by lower part, and absorbing liquid of the sulfur dioxide in tail gas through spraying absorbs
Afterwards, tail gas is vented from tower top after desulfurization.Rich solution after sulfur dioxide absorption enters poor rich liquid heat exchanger, recycling heat through pump by tower bottom
Enter the spray desorption of desulfurization regeneration tower top after amount.The sulfur dioxide desorbed together with vapor after condenser is cooling, through gas-liquid
Separator removes moisture, obtains the sulfur dioxide gas of purity 99.5%, is sent to drier use.It is poor after desorbing sulfur dioxide
Liquid is flowed out by regenerator bottom, after pump, poor rich liquid heat exchanger, lean solution cooler heat exchange, into absorption tower top, reuptakes two
Sulfur oxide.Absorbent cyclic constitutes continuous absorption and desorbs the technical process of sulfur dioxide.
Diluted acid enters absorption tower through pump from diluted acid storage tank, while the concentrated sulfuric acid of absorb the bottom of the tower 98% continuously produces, into
Enter to concentrated acid storage tank, is absorbing the wherein concentration and liquid level by filling into and producing the control absorbent concentrated sulfuric acid.Concentrated acid storage tank
The concentrated sulfuric acid be delivered in drier through pump, the extraction of drier bottom is delivered to diluted acid storage tank for 93% concentrated sulfuric acid, in drying
Pass through the concentration and liquid level of input and the extraction control desiccant concentrated sulfuric acid in device.
The sulfuric acid of diluted acid storage tank enters in retrieval of sulfuric acid tower through pump, and retrieval of sulfuric acid tower is distilled through heat-conducting oil heating, through cold
But after device is cooling, finished pot obtains high-quality sulfuric acid.
Retrieval of sulfuric acid tower is a kind of destilling tower heated using conduction oil.
The tail gas of monitoring discovery after processing in production process, flue dust≤0.005g/Nm3, acid mist≤0.005g/ Nm3,
The purifying rate of flue gas: 98%, Sulphur Dioxide rate: 99.7%.The product concentrated sulfuric acid: ash content≤0.02%, iron content≤
0.005%, arsenic content≤0.0001%, lead content≤0.005%, transparency >=80mm, coloration≤2.0.
The above display and basic principle of the invention and main feature and advantages of the present invention.Above-described embodiment and explanation
It is merely illustrated the principles of the invention described in book, other details do not do specific statement, but are not departing from spirit of that invention and model
Under the premise of enclosing, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes and improvements both fall within claimed invention model
In enclosing.The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and its equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of method using oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid, it is characterised in that the specific method is as follows:
S1. oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead enters high energy scrubber, and smoke particle is captured, absorbs, cools down;Flue gas enters washing
Tower acts on remaining smoke particle with spray liquid through packing layer and is captured;
S2. purified flue gas enters electrostatic precipitator, and acid mist is separated with gas under high voltage electric field effect;
S3. flue gas enters drier, and moisture is absorbed by desiccant;Flue gas after drying enters converter, is catalyzed by catalyst
Sulphur Dioxide is sulfur trioxide by effect;Conversion gas enters absorber, and sulfur trioxide is absorbed agent absorption;
S4. absorber tail gas enters desulfuration absorbing tower, and sulfur dioxide is absorbed agent absorption in desulfuration absorbing tower, absorbs titanium dioxide
Rich solution after sulphur enters desulfurization regeneration tower through pump, heat exchanger, and the sulfur dioxide desorbed after gas-liquid separation, is sent into drier,
Enter diluted acid storage tank later;
S5. the sulfuric acid of diluted acid storage tank enters retrieval of sulfuric acid tower, obtains finished product sulfuric acid after distillation.
2. utilizing the method for oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Flue gas in rapid S1 is removed in high energy scrubber reverse jet tube, and remaining dust removes in scrubbing tower.
3. utilizing the method for oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Drier in rapid S3 is a kind of drying tower with filler, and drier uses concentration to be more than or equal to 93% sulfuric acid as desiccant.
4. the method according to claim 1 using oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid, it is characterised in that: described
Absorber in step S3 is a kind of absorption tower with filler, and absorber uses concentration to be more than or equal to 98% sulfuric acid as absorption
Agent.
5. utilizing the method for oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Converter uses V in rapid S32O5As catalyst.
6. utilizing the method for oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
The sulfuric acid of drier bottom extraction enters absorber in rapid S3.
7. utilizing the method for oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
The sulfuric acid of absorber bottom extraction enters drier in rapid S3.
8. utilizing the method for oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the step
Desulfuration absorbing tower is a kind of absorption tower with filler in rapid S4, and desulfurization regeneration tower is a kind of desorber with filler, desulfurization regeneration
The sulfur dioxide that tower desorbs is sent to drier and is dried.
9. the method according to claim 1 or claim 2 using oxygen-enriched side-blowing smelting lead extracting sulfuric acid, it is characterised in that: institute
Stating retrieval of sulfuric acid tower in step S5 is a kind of destilling tower heated using conduction oil.
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CN113082946A (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-09 | 成都达奇环境科技有限公司 | Method for treating waste gas from non-ferrous metal smelting |
CN113213433A (en) * | 2021-04-14 | 2021-08-06 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | Method for directly preparing sulfuric acid for storage battery by using secondary lead smelting flue gas |
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