CN110116787A - A kind of floatation type measuring system applied to water spectral - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a floating measurement system applied to water body spectrum, which comprises a buoy body, an adjustable counterweight is arranged at the bottom of the buoy body, and a vertically upward irradiance radiometer is arranged on the top of the buoy body. There is a balance bar horizontally on the body, the balance bar is set above the waterline of the buoy body, two ends of the balance bar are respectively provided with a two-axis self-stabilizing platform and a balance weight, and a vertical downward The radiance radiometer; the buoy body includes a watertight instrument cabin, and a control part is arranged in the watertight instrument cabin, and the control part is respectively connected with the irradiance radiometer and the radiance radiometer, and is used to control the detection of each radiometer and the receiving And temporarily store the detection data of each radiometer. It can be applied to the water spectrum measurement requirements of different water body types and methods, reduce the maintenance cost of traditional optical buoys, eliminate the influence of shadows on measurement, improve the accuracy of data acquisition, and improve the accuracy of water body measurement. The equipment is easy to disassemble and assemble. .

Description

A Floating Measurement System Applied to Water Body Spectrum

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of water color remote sensing, in particular to a floating measurement system applied to water body spectrum.

Background technique

Remote sensing technology is an important technical means of environmental detection today. With the help of remote sensing technology to obtain remote sensing images of environmentally polluted areas, computer processing can quickly and effectively obtain the macroscopic, fast, and dynamically updated environmental conditions of the observation area. Among them, water color remote sensing is a counting process that uses airborne and spaceborne sensors to detect parameters related to water color (such as chlorophyll, suspended particulate matter, dissolved organic matter, etc.) according to the spectral characteristics of water body absorption and scattering in the visible light band. The parameters retrieved by water color remote sensing can provide basic data for coastal engineering and estuary and bay governance, port waterways, pollution control, fishery maintenance and development, coastal erosion, etc.: from the perspective of global application, it can enhance the understanding of marine ecological environment assessment and marine It plays a role in the global carbon cycle and provides important quantitative information for global change research. Therefore, water color remote sensing has become an indispensable branch of marine science and global change research.

From an optical point of view, the optical properties of water are not only affected by pure water, but also mainly affected by three substances: chlorophyll, suspended particulate matter, and colored soluble organic matter CDOM. Chlorophyll in water mainly exists in phytoplankton and other microorganisms. Considering that phytoplankton is the main factor affecting the optical properties of water, the hosts of chlorophyll are collectively referred to as phytoplankton. Suspended particulate matter refers to tiny solid particles suspended in water, with a diameter generally below 2mm, including clay, silt, silt, organic matter and microorganisms, etc., which are the main cause of water turbidity. Its content is one of the indicators to measure the degree of water pollution. Yellow substances are a general term for a large class of substances with dissolved organic carbon as the main component and a very complex molecular structure, mainly referring to unidentified dissolved components such as formic acid and humic acid, which can be divided into marine organisms according to their sources There are two kinds of on-the-spot explanations and land-sourced ones.

One of the foundations of water color remote sensing is the analysis of optical characteristics of water bodies and the measurement and analysis of water body spectral characteristics. There are two reasons for this: first, the contribution of the water body signal in the total signal received by the water color sensor is small (generally less than 10%); second, the water color remote sensing inversion algorithm is sensitive to the error of remote sensing reflectance. The optical characteristics of water mainly include intrinsic optical properties (IOPs) and apparent optical properties (AOPs). The inherent optical properties are only determined by the physical properties of the water body itself, and do not change with the change of the incident light field. It mainly refers to the scattering and absorption of light by the water body. Scattering and absorption are two basic processes of light propagation in seawater. caused light attenuation. The apparent optical properties refer to the distribution of the radiation field of the water body formed by the sun and sky radiation entering the water through the water body, and the optical parameters of the water body that change with the change of the light field, which are manifested as radiance distribution, irradiance attenuation, irradiance ratio and Optical properties related to radiation fields such as polarization.

For the second-class water bodies near the shore and inland, the observation principle of the above-water method is generally adopted. The above-water measurement method uses an instrument similar to land spectral measurement. Under the premise of strict calibration, through reasonable observation geometry arrangement and measurement integration time setting, the portable transient spectrometer and standard version are used to directly measure the total signal entering the sensor. L _μ , the sky light signal L _sky , and the reflection signal L _ρ of the standard version, and then deduce the water-leaving radiance L _w , the normalized water-leaving radiance L _wn , the remote sensing reflectance R _rs and the radiance just below the water surface. Parameters such as illuminance ratio R(0 ^- ).

The basic principle of remote sensing reflectance measurement of water body above the water surface For field observation, the signal scattered by the atmosphere can be ignored. Then the composition of the spectral radiation signal above the water surface is:

L _μ ＝L _w +ρ _f ·L _sky +L _wc +L _g

In the formula: L _μ is the total signal entering the sensor, which can be directly measured; L _w is the water-leaving radiation rate of the light entering the water body after being scattered by the water body and returning to the sensor; ρ _f ·L _sky is the sky light entering after being reflected by the water The signal of the sensor does not carry any water body information, ρ _f is the air-water interface reflectivity, which also becomes the Fresnel reflection coefficient, L _sky is the sky light, which can be directly measured; L _wn is the signal from the white hat on the sea surface, and L _g is the The random reflection signal of the water surface waves to the direct sunlight, L _wc and L _g do not carry any water body information, which has uncertainty and randomness.

After adopting a standardized observation geometry, the influence of direct solar reflection _Lg (flare) and white hat _Lwc can be avoided or ignored. At this time, the spectral signal of the water body measured by the spectrometer can be expressed as:

L _μ ＝L _w ·+ρ _f ·L _sky

In order to make the spectra of water bodies measured under different time, place and atmospheric conditions comparable, it is necessary to normalize the measurement results. The so-called normalization is to move the sun directly above the measurement point to remove the influence of the atmosphere. The incident irradiance E _d (0 ⁺ ) on the water surface can be obtained by measuring the reflection L _ρ of the standard version:

E _d (0 ⁺ )＝π·L _ρ /ρ _p

In the formula: L _ρ is the reflection signal of the standard plate; ρ _p is the reflectance of the standard plate, and generally the standard plate with 10%≤ρ _p ≤30% is used, and Carder et al. The standard version of the water body works in the same state.

In addition to water-leaving radiance and normalized water-leaving radiance, remote sensing reflectance R _rs is also increasingly used in water color remote sensing inversion models, and the acquisition of remote sensing reflectance has important application value. When measuring the reflectance of remote sensing, as long as the measuring instrument is stable and has good linearity (or the signal amplitude when measuring the standard plate and the water body is close), it is only necessary to strictly calibrate the standard plate instead of the spectrometer, thereby greatly reducing the reduce the workload of instrument calibration.

From the definition of remote sensing reflectance R _rs =L _w /F _d (0 ⁺ ), combined with the above formula, the remote sensing reflectance can be calculated as:

In the formula: L _μ , L _sky , L _ρ are the measurement signals when the spectrometer faces the water body, the sky and the standard plate, respectively.

The single-channel spectrometer measurement method based on the above-water method needs to follow very strict observation set specifications, requires professional on-site measurement experience in the actual operation process, and requires high measurement capabilities of the observers. And due to differences in observation experience, the data obtained by different observers will be inconsistent. The specification requirements for on-site observation of a single-channel spectrometer are relatively high.

The sky light occlusion method is proposed based on the method above the water surface, which is an improved method in principle of water body spectral measurement. Eliminate the influence of skylight, flare, etc. through the hood, and directly measure the radiance L _w from the water and the incident irradiance E _d (0 ⁺ ) on the water surface. The remote sensing albedo can be calculated from the definition of the albedo:

The existing equipment based on the principle of sky light occlusion includes the floating spectral measurement system (GZSS_SBA), which can act as a water color remote sensing on-site observation buoy and a tethered observation buoy, which can simplify the on-site observation of water spectrum and obtain data efficiently. However, the system has the following disadvantages: the floating body has a large self-shadowing, which has a great impact on the measurement accuracy of the data; the system has a low degree of modularity, and it is difficult to carry other sensors; the equipment is bulky and inconvenient to carry.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a floating measurement system applied to water spectrum in view of the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, which can be applied to the water spectrum measurement requirements of different water types and different methods, reducing the traditional optical The maintenance cost of the buoy can eliminate the influence of shadow on the measurement, improve the accuracy of data acquisition, improve the accuracy of water body measurement, and the equipment is easy to disassemble and assemble.

The technical scheme that the present invention adopts for solving the problems of the technologies described above is:

A floating measurement system applied to the spectrum of water bodies, including a columnar buoy body, the bottom of the buoy body is provided with an adjustable counterweight, the counterweight is used to adjust and determine the waterline of the buoy body, the buoy body The top of the buoy is equipped with a vertically upward irradiance radiometer, which is used to detect the upward irradiance above the water surface, and a balance bar is arranged horizontally on the buoy body. The balance bar is perpendicular to the axis of the buoy body, and the two ends of the balance bar are respectively provided with a two-axis self-stabilizing platform and a balance weight, and a vertically downward radiance radiometer is arranged on the two-axis self-stabilizing platform;

The buoy body includes a watertight instrument cabin, and the control components required for spectral detection are arranged in the watertight instrument cabin. The control components are respectively connected to the irradiance radiometer and the radiance radiometer through the watertight joints and watertight cables arranged on the surface of the watertight instrument cabin. It is used for controlling the detection of each radiometer, and receiving and temporarily storing the detection data of each radiometer.

According to the above technical scheme, the buoy body also includes several columnar floating body material blocks of equal outer diameter and watertight battery compartment, and the watertight instrument compartment, several cylindrical floating body material blocks of equal outer diameter and watertight battery compartment are connected sequentially from top to bottom, and the control components are connected with the watertight battery compartment. A watertight battery compartment is connected, which supplies power to each radiometer.

According to the above technical solution, the watertight battery compartment is arranged at a position adjacent to the counterweight, which is lower than all the floating body material blocks and the watertight instrument compartment, because the watertight battery compartment also has a relatively large weight , so setting it at the lowest position of the buoy body can also play a certain role of counterweight, which can lower the overall center of gravity, so that the columnar buoy body always maintains a vertical upward state; at the same time, an adjustable counterweight is added at the bottom of the watertight battery compartment. The interface is installed to adjust the number of counterweights according to the increase or decrease of different water areas and floating body material blocks.

According to the above technical scheme, the middle part of the balance bar is plugged into the buoy body, the two ends of the balance bar protrude from the buoy body, the balance bar and the buoy body are slidably connected, and a sliding displacement can be generated between the balance bar and the buoy body. Slide to adjust its ends to balance.

According to the above-mentioned technical scheme, the probe end of the radiance radiometer is provided with a light shield, and the lower edge of the light shield is slightly lower than the waterline of the buoy body.

According to the above technical solution, the watertight battery compartment is arranged at a position adjacent to the counterweight, and the bottom of the watertight battery compartment is provided with an adjustable counterweight installation interface, which can be adjusted according to the increase or decrease of different water areas and floating body material blocks. The number of counterweights.

According to the above technical scheme, the top of the buoy body is provided with a satellite antenna, and the control unit is connected with a satellite communication module, and the satellite communication module is connected to the satellite antenna through the watertight joint and the watertight cable; it is used to supply power to the satellite antenna and pass through The satellite antenna transmits the detection data to the outside.

According to the above technical solution, the satellite antenna is connected and fixed with the irradiance radiometer through the ring lock arm.

According to the above technical scheme, the watertight instrument cabin is arranged above the waterline of the buoy body; thus, the watertight instrument cabin can be placed above the water surface, reducing the risk of damage caused by the failure of the seal of the watertight instrument cabin, and at the same time connecting the watertight instrument cabin The watertight cables of each radiometer can be carried on the balance bar, which not only reduces the risk of water ingress, but also saves the cable length.

According to the above-mentioned technical scheme, an attitude sensor module, a power management module, a storage module and a satellite communication module are also arranged in the watertight instrument cabin; connection, the power management module is connected to the watertight battery compartment through a watertight cable and a watertight connector, and supplies power to the control unit; The radiometer supplies power and receives the data of each radiometer and the attitude sensor module; the storage module is used to temporarily store the data from each radiometer and attitude sensor module, the attitude sensor module is used to collect the attitude data of the buoy body in real time, and the satellite communication module It is used to transmit the above-mentioned data to the outside through the above-mentioned satellite antenna.

According to the above technical solution, the interior of the buoyant material block is filled with a solid buoyancy material based on thermosetting resin, and the exterior is enclosed by a hard plastic shell, and the upper and lower ends of the shell are respectively provided with docking structures for easy disassembly.

According to the above technical solution, the connection and fixation of adjacent floating body material blocks is realized by fixing the butt joint structure with screws.

According to the above technical solution, two sets of propellers with opposite directions are symmetrically arranged on the buoy body along the circumferential direction, and the propellers are connected with the control components.

According to the above technical solution, a group of propellers in opposite directions are arranged symmetrically along the circumference of the buoy body at a position close to the counterweight on the outer surface of the buoy, and the group of propellers in opposite directions passes through the watertight cable Connect the main control module in the watertight instrument compartment with the watertight joint, and provide tangential propulsion in the opposite direction for the buoy body at the same time when needed (for example, when the observation is affected by the self-shadowing of the buoy body), causing the buoy body to rotate. The above-mentioned radiance radiometer is always in the best observation position, and the above-mentioned main control module is the control component.

According to the above technical scheme, both the irradiance radiometer and the irradiance radiometer are equipped with a probe electric cleaning device, which can automatically clean the probe before each measurement to ensure the long-term validity of the data; the buoy is also equipped with a waterline adjustment Auxiliary ring, the auxiliary ring for waterline adjustment is circumferentially sleeved on the outer surface of the buoy, the auxiliary ring for waterline adjustment can move along the axial direction on the outer surface of the buoy, and is used for adjustment on the basis of the weight Auxiliary fine-tuning is performed on the waterline of the buoy to meet more and more detailed observation requirements.

According to the above technical solution, the auxiliary waterline adjustment ring is a buoyant material ring with a certain thickness, and its outer diameter is at least 5cm larger than the outer diameter of the buoy.

According to the above technical scheme, the two-axis self-stabilizing platform is a variety of instrument-mounted platforms that can automatically adjust the two directions of pitch and roll; the preferred two-axis self-stabilizing platform in the present invention includes: a control cabin, a pitch rotating shaft and a rolling rotating shaft ; The control cabin is provided with a gyroscope sensor and a motor control module, and a semi-circular first arm is arranged outside the control cabin; the pitch rotating shaft is arranged on the inner surface of the first arm, and The ring-shaped second arm is fixedly connected in the first arm; the roll rotation shaft is arranged on the inner side of the second arm, and the ring-shaped third arm is further fixedly connected in the second arm arm; the pitching shaft and the rolling shaft are perpendicular to each other and are respectively connected with rotating motors, so that the rolling shaft can drive the third arm to roll in the second arm, And the pitching shaft can drive the second arm and the third arm to do pitch rotation in the first arm; the gyroscope sensor is used to measure the angular velocity of the radiance radiometer, sense As for the action variable, the motor control module is connected to the rotating motor and the gyroscope sensor respectively, and then the motor control module controls the rotating motor to drive the two rotating shafts to carry out the repairing action, so that the radiance radiometer always maintains the preset observation direction.

According to above-mentioned technical scheme, described irradiance radiometer and radiance radiometer all can be the existing radiometer that can be used for water body spectral observation; Among the present invention, preferred any hyperspectral radiometer recorded in patent document CN208171441U A luminance radiometer and any hyperspectral irradiance radiometer described in the patent document CN208171436U. The radiometer is equipped with a probe electric cleaning device, which can automatically clean the probe before each measurement to ensure the long-term validity of the data.

The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

The invention can be applied to the water spectrum measurement requirements of different water body types and different methods, reduces the maintenance cost of traditional optical buoys, can eliminate the influence of shadows on measurement, improves the accuracy of data acquisition, and can be combined with section method measurement and sky light occlusion method Directly measure the radiance away from the water, and the target sensor can be assembled modularly around the buoy body to improve the accuracy of water body measurement. The equipment is easy to disassemble and assemble.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a floating measurement system applied to water body spectrum in an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a partial schematic diagram of K in Fig. 1;

In the figure, 10-buoy body, 11-columnar floating body material block, 12-watertight instrument compartment, 13-watertight battery compartment, 14-counterweight, 15-irradiance radiometer, 16-balance bar, 17-satellite antenna , 18-ring lock arm, 19-two-axis self-stabilizing platform, 20-horizontal counterweight, 21-radiance radiometer, 22-light hood, 23-watertight joint, 25-propeller, 26-control cabin, 27 -pitch rotating shaft, 28-rolling rotating shaft, 29-first arm, 30-second arm, 31-third arm, 32-, 33-waterline adjustment auxiliary ring.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Referring to Figures 1 to 2, the floating measurement system applied to water spectrum in an embodiment provided by the present invention includes a columnar buoy body 10, and the main part of the buoy body 10 is composed of 3 sections, etc. A columnar buoy material block 11 with an outer diameter is connected to a watertight instrument compartment 12 and a watertight battery compartment 13; the bottom of the buoy body 10 is provided with an adjustable counterweight 14 for adjusting and determining the overall draft of the buoy 10 line; the watertight battery compartment 13 is arranged on the top of the counterweight 14, which is lower than all the floating body material blocks 11 and the position of the watertight instrument compartment 12. Since the watertight battery compartment 13 is equipped with a rechargeable battery, Therefore also have bigger weight, be arranged in the low position of buoy body 10 also can play certain counterweight effect, can pull down overall center of gravity, make cylindrical buoy body keep vertical upward state all the time; Meanwhile, described watertight battery compartment 13 An adjustable counterweight installation interface is added at the bottom to adjust the number of counterweights according to the increase or decrease of different water areas and floating body material blocks; the watertight instrument cabin 12 is arranged at a position above the waterline, higher than all The buoyant material block 11 can make the watertight instrument compartment 12 above the water surface, reducing the risk of damage caused by the watertight instrument compartment 12 sealing failure.

As shown in Figure 1, on the top of the buoy body 10, a vertically upward irradiance radiometer 15 is provided for detecting the upward irradiance above the water surface, and a satellite antenna 17 is also provided at the same time. The satellite antenna 17 and the irradiance radiometer 15 are fixed together by a conjoined annular locking arm 18; a balance bar 16 perpendicular to the axial direction of the buoy body is arranged on the buoy body 10 above the waterline, and the balance bar 16 The middle part is plugged in the buoy body 10, and the two ends extend out of the buoy body 10. One end is provided with a two-axis self-stabilizing platform 19, and the other end is provided with a horizontal counterweight 20. The balance bar 16 and Sliding displacement can be generated between the buoy bodies 10, and the two ends of the balancing bar 16 can be slid to achieve balance; The radiance radiometer 21, the probe end of the radiance radiometer 21 has a light shield 22, and the lower edge of the light shield 22 is slightly lower than the waterline of the buoy body;

As shown in Figure 1, the buoy body 10 is also provided with a waterline adjustment auxiliary ring 33, the waterline adjustment auxiliary ring 33 is a buoy material ring with a certain thickness, through a pair of quick release type wrench The locking mechanism is circumferentially sleeved on the outer surface of the buoy body 10, and its outer diameter is 10 cm larger than the outer diameter of the buoy body 10; when the quick-release locking mechanism is opened, the waterline The adjustment auxiliary ring 33 can move along the axial direction on the outer surface of the buoy body 10, and is used for auxiliary fine-tuning of the water line of the buoy 10 on the basis of the adjustment of the counterweight 14, so as to meet more and more requirements. Detailed observation needs.

The control components required for spectral detection are set in the watertight instrument cabin 12, including a main control module, an attitude sensor module, a power management module, a storage module and a satellite communication module; The connector 23 and the watertight cable are electrically connected to the radiance radiometer 21, the irradiance radiometer 15 and the watertight battery compartment 13, the main control module shown is used to control the detection of each radiometer, and the power management module shown It is used to supply power to each radiometer and satellite antenna, the storage module shown is used to receive and temporarily store the detection data of each radiometer, and the satellite communication module is the same as transmitting the detection data outward through the satellite antenna; The attitude sensor module described above is used to collect the overall attitude data of the buoy in real time.

As shown in Figure 1, at the position where the outer surface of the buoy body 10 is close to the counterweight 14, a group of propellers 25 in opposite directions are arranged symmetrically along the circumference of the buoy body, and the group of propellers 25 in opposite directions propels The device 25 is connected to the main control module in the watertight instrument cabin 12 through a watertight cable and a watertight joint 23, and provides tangential propulsion for the buoy body 10 in the opposite direction when needed (for example, when the observation is affected by the self-shadowing of the buoy body) , causing the buoy body 10 to rotate, so that the radiance radiometer 21 is always at the best observation position.

As shown in Figure 2, the two-axis self-stabilizing platform 19 is provided with a control cabin 26, a pitch shaft 27 and a roll shaft 28; a gyroscope sensor and a motor control module are arranged in the control cabin 26, and a semi-circular first Arm 29; the pitching shaft 27 is arranged on the inner side of the first arm 29, and is fixedly connected to the ring-shaped second arm 30 in the first arm 29; the rolling shaft 28 It is arranged on the inner side of the second arm 30, and is further fixedly connected to the ring-shaped third arm 31 in the second arm 30; the pitch rotation axis 27 and the roll rotation axis 28 are perpendicular to each other and respectively A rotating motor is provided so that the rolling shaft 28 can drive the third arm 31 to rotate in the second arm 30, and the pitching shaft 27 can rotate in the second arm 30. The first arm 29 drives the second arm 30 and the third arm 31 to do pitch rotation together; the gyroscope sensor is used to measure the angular velocity of the radiance radiometer and sense the action variable, and then control it through the motor control module The rotating motor drives the two rotating shafts to carry out the restoration action, so that the radiance radiometer 21 always maintains the preset observation direction.

Described irradiance radiometer 15 and radiance radiometer 21 all can be existing radiometers that can be used for water body spectrum observation; For example, the hyperspectral radiance radiometer and the patent document described in embodiment 1 in the patent document CN208171441U The hyperspectral irradiance radiometer described in embodiment 1 among CN208171436U. The radiometer is equipped with a probe electric cleaning device, which can automatically clean the probe before each measurement to ensure the long-term validity of the data.

In the observation system of the present invention, the interior of the buoyant material block 11 is filled with a solid buoyancy material based on thermosetting resin, and the exterior is encapsulated by a hard plastic shell, and the two ends of the shell are respectively provided with docking structures for easy disassembly and assembly. Connection and fixation are realized by fixing the butt joint structure with screws between adjacent floating body material blocks.

During the working process of the observation system of the present invention, first cascade a suitable number of buoy material blocks 11 according to needs, then adjust the water line according to the length of the buoy body 10, and adjust the water line by adjusting the water line on the basis of increasing or decreasing the counterweight 14. The position of the auxiliary ring 33 on the buoy body 10 finally determines the waterline, so that the lower edge of the light shield 22 is slightly lower than the waterline of the buoy body 10; The main control module quasi-synchronously collects the data of each radiance radiometer 21 and irradiance radiometer 15, and the attitude sensor module in the watertight instrument cabin 12 synchronously collects the attitude data of the buoy, and passes the data through the buoy under the control of the satellite communication module. The satellite antenna 17 on the top transmits to the global mobile satellite communication system, and then the global mobile satellite communication system sends it to the shore-based data reception management center server, and the reception management center processes the data according to the established method. The above-mentioned data collection working hours are from 8:00 am to 4:00 pm, and the collection cycle is usually half an hour.

In summary, the present invention can be applied to the water spectrum measurement requirements of different water body types and different methods, reduce the maintenance cost of traditional optical buoys, eliminate the influence of shadows on measurement, improve the accuracy of data acquisition, and can be combined with the profile method to measure K _d (490) and using the sky light occlusion method to directly measure the radiance away from the water, the target sensor can be assembled modularly around the buoy body, and the equipment is easy to disassemble and assemble.

The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, which certainly cannot limit the scope of rights of the present invention. Therefore, equivalent changes made according to the patent scope of the present invention still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of floatation type measuring system applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that including a columnar buoy float, buoy float Bottom is equipped with the clump weight of weight-adjustable, and clump weight is used to adjust and determine the water line of the buoy float, the top of buoy float Equipped with irradiation level radiometer straight up, irradiation level radiometer is used to detect the upward irradiation level of the water surface or more, on buoy float It is transversely provided with balance bar, balance bar is set to the water line of buoy float or more, and the both ends of balance bar are respectively equipped with two axis and put down from steady Spoke brightness radiometer straight down is arranged from steady platform for platform and balance counterweight, two axis；

Buoy float includes watertight instrument room, is equipped with control unit in watertight instrument room, control unit respectively with irradiation level radiometer It is connected with spoke brightness radiometer, for controlling the detection of each radiometer, and receives and keep in the detection number of each radiometer According to.

2. the floatation type measuring system according to claim 1 applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that buoy float also wraps Include the column floating body material block and watertight battery flat of several equal outer diameters, the column floating body material of the outer diameters such as watertight instrument room, several Block and watertight battery flat are from top to bottom sequentially connected, and control unit is connect with watertight battery flat, and watertight battery flat is each radiometer Power supply.

3. the floatation type measuring system according to claim 1 applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that in balance bar Portion is plugged in buoy float, and the both ends of balance bar stretch out in outside buoy float, and balance bar is slidably connected with buoy float, passes through balance bar Its both ends of slidable adjustment reach balance.

4. the floatation type measuring system according to claim 1 applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that spoke brightness radiation It counts sound end and has hood, hood lower edge is lower than the water line of buoy float.

5. the floatation type measuring system according to claim 1 applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that the top of buoy float Portion is equipped with satellite antenna, and control unit is connected with satellite communication module, and satellite communication module is connect with satellite antenna.

6. the floatation type measuring system according to claim 1 applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that watertight instrument room It is set to the position of the water line of buoy float or more.

7. the floatation type measuring system according to claim 1 applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that watertight instrument room Inside it is additionally provided with attitude transducer module, power management module, memory module and satellite communication module；Control unit respectively with posture Sensor module, power management module, memory module are connected with satellite communication module, and power management module is supplied to control unit Electricity；Control unit is separately connected the irradiation level radiometer, spoke brightness radiometer, powers for each radiometer and receives each radiation The data of meter and the attitude transducer module；Memory module comes from each radiometer and attitude transducer module for temporarily storing Data, attitude transducer module is used for for acquiring the attitude data of buoy float, satellite communication module in real time by the number According to outside transmission.

8. the floatation type measuring system according to claim 2 applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that the floating body The solid buoyancy material based on thermosetting resin is filled inside material block, outside is encapsulated by rigid plastic shell, above and below shell Both ends are respectively equipped with easy-to-mount docking structure.

9. the floatation type measuring system according to claim 1 applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that edge on buoy float Two groups of contrary propellers circumferentially are arranged symmetrically, propeller is connect with control unit.

10. the floatation type measuring system according to claim 1 applied to water spectral, which is characterized in that irradiation level spoke It penetrates meter and spoke brightness radiometer has probe Motorized cleaning apparatus；It is additionally provided with water line on buoy float and adjusts subring, drinking water Line adjusts subring and is circumferentially socketed on the buoy external surface, and water line adjusts subring can be in the buoy external surface It moves along its axis.