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CN110114212B - 用于挥发性物质的扩散的多层结构 - Google Patents

用于挥发性物质的扩散的多层结构 Download PDF

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CN110114212B
CN110114212B CN201680091917.4A CN201680091917A CN110114212B CN 110114212 B CN110114212 B CN 110114212B CN 201680091917 A CN201680091917 A CN 201680091917A CN 110114212 B CN110114212 B CN 110114212B
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layer
multilayer structure
tear
barrier layer
volatile
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CN110114212A (zh
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塞德里克·莫汉
利维奥·索多
斯特凡诺·迪福里安
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Zobele Holding SpA
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Abstract

用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)包括可接触挥发性物质的半渗透层(2)和阻挡层(3)，阻挡层(3)用于防止挥发性物质在其从多层结构(1)移除之前的扩散，并且其特征在于多层结构(1)也包括放置在阻挡层(3)和半渗透层(2)之间的撕裂层(4)，当阻挡层(3)从多层结构(1)移除时，撕裂层(4)允许阻挡层(3)与半渗透层(2)分开。其允许阻挡层和半渗透层之间适当的界面强度，使得容易和安全地从半渗透层移除阻挡层。

Description

用于挥发性物质的扩散的多层结构
技术领域
本发明涉及用于挥发性物质的扩散的多层结构，其包括阻挡层和半渗透层。
背景技术
用半渗透膜的用于挥发性物质的扩散的系统是熟知的。这些系统包括允许物质释放在气相中而不是释放在液相中的膜。
该膜可为整体的或微多孔的。在整体膜的情况下，通过渗透进行物质从内侧至外侧的传输，并且如果膜是微多孔的，则传输主要通过毛细管现象进行。
对于两种膜，已经提出了数种溶液并且已经证实了具有中等的性能至非常高的性能。然而，膜本身尽管是用于用半渗透膜生产挥发性物质扩散器的系统的最重要的一部分，但也仅仅是一部分。
系统的另一重要部分是避免挥发性物质在其首次被消费者使用之前蒸发的部分。
这一般在膜的顶部施加阻挡层来进行，当他/她第一次想使用产品时，使用者移除该阻挡层，简单地使其剥落。
有一个关键点，其是半渗透层或膜和阻挡层之间的界面强度。该界面强度应足够高以避免生产或存储期间扩散器的意外激活(分开阻挡层/膜)。此外，其应足够高以克服随着其穿过膜到达界面的前进挥发性物质产生的压力。
界面强度应足够低以使得使用者平滑剥落，而不需要用于剥落阻挡层的机器。
要考虑的另外的点是如果挥发性物质是化学腐蚀性的，其必须不使界面变弱，因为在挥发性物质到达界面之后，其必须是可接受的。
膜和阻挡层之间不合适的界面强度的一个典型缺陷是在穿过膜之后挥发性物质能够在膜和阻挡层之间产生用于积聚液体的空间，其移除阻挡层时将导致重要的渗漏。
所以，显然需要用于挥发性物质的扩散的多层结构，其允许阻挡层和半渗透层之间适当的界面强度，其允许容易地和安全地从半渗透层移除阻挡层。
发明内容
利用根据本发明的多层结构，可解决所述缺点，提供下文将描述的其他优势。
根据本发明的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构包括可接触挥发性物质的半渗透层和在其从多层结构移除之前防止挥发性物质的扩散的阻挡层，并且其特征在于其也包括放置在阻挡层和半渗透层之间的撕裂层，当阻挡层从多层结构移除时，撕裂层使阻挡层与半渗透层分开。
有利地，所述撕裂层为异相层。异相应理解为撕裂层由高机械抗性的区域和较低抗性的区域组成，所述较低抗性的区域围绕高抗性的区域用作边界。
根据两个优选的实施方式，该撕裂层可包括颗粒或纤维，比如，例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或纤维素，在该情况下，撕裂层的所述纤维通过粘合剂连接在一起。
所述撕裂层可胶合、热层压或焊接至阻挡层和/或半渗透层。
有利地，所述撕裂层对挥发性物质可渗透，并且其厚度为20微米至2000微米，优选20微米至1000微米，更优选40微米至300微米，和最优选40微米至150微米。
根据本发明的用于挥发性物质的扩散的多层结构允许阻挡层和半渗透层之间适当的界面强度，其允许容易地和安全地从半渗透层移除阻挡层。
附图说明
为了更好理解所公开的内容，附加了一些图，其中图解性显示了具体实施方式并且仅仅作为非限制性实例。
图1是根据本发明的多层结构的图解性截面图。
图2是根据本发明的多层结构的根据包括矿物质填料的第二实施方式的图解性截面图。
具体实施方式
图1以图解性截面图显示了根据本发明的多层结构。
该多层结构设计为放置在扩散器的包含挥发性物质(比如香水或杀虫剂)的产品的容器上。
通常由参考数值1表示的多层结构包括接触挥发性物质的半渗透层2(本领域也称为膜)和防止挥发性物质在第一次使用扩散器之前扩散的阻挡层3。
根据本发明，多层结构1也包括放置在半渗透层2和阻挡层3之间的撕裂层4。当第一次使用扩散器时，该撕裂层4允许阻挡层3与半渗透层2分开。
撕裂层4是弱化的异相层，并且根据不同的实施方式，其可包括洞或孔，没有粘结剂或具有润滑剂的颗粒，或介入该层内部的弱边界的纤维。
撕裂层4可由不同材料的纤维制造，优选聚烯烃的纤维素、聚酯。具有高机械抗性的纤维机械结合在一起或通过使用产生较低机械抗性的粘合剂结合在一起。
可选地，如图2中显示，撕裂层4由与半渗透层2相同类型的树脂制造，但是其中已经通过添加矿物质填料而产生一些弱化区域。矿物质填料的按重量计含量优选大于40％和甚至更优选大于60％。而且，在制造撕裂层的工艺期间，材料可被拉伸，以便在填料颗粒周围产生腔(微孔)，从而具有较大的弱化区域，其将使得激活期间的撕裂更容易。
撕裂层4可与阻挡层3和半渗透层2都胶合在一起。如果胶对挥发性物质是可渗透的，则其可作为连续层施加在层2和3两者之间。如果胶对于挥发性物质具有低渗透性或没有渗透性，则应施加为非连续层，比如网格模板，施加在半渗透层上，以便一旦系统被激活时不减少蒸发。
可选地，撕裂层4可直接焊接至半渗透层2。这可以以两种方式进行：一方面，如果撕裂层4由与也由塑料制造的半渗透层2具有高相容性的塑料制造，则其可直接在压延过程中焊接。否则，如果撕裂层4是微多孔的，则其可通过熔合粘结与半渗透层2结合，从而半渗透层2的熔融塑料进入撕裂层4的多孔结构的内部，并且当其冷却下来时，其保持机械结合。
此外，撕裂层4对于挥发性物质是可渗透的、整体的或微多孔的，并且其优选不限制挥发性物质的传输。
当移除阻挡层3时，多层结构1的最弱点是撕裂层的内聚强度，并且撕裂层4在其厚度内断裂，剩余其部分在半渗透层2一侧，并且其一部分在阻挡层3的一侧。
其可为微多孔的或整体的，并且可包括由机织物或非机织物织品制造的衬垫结构。
半渗透层2可由聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚氨酯、弹性体聚酯、聚醚嵌段酰胺或聚硅氧烷制造，形成厚度为20微米至2000微米、优选40微米至150微米的整体撕裂层。
此外，半渗透层2可由微多孔聚乙烯、聚丙烯或超高分子量聚乙烯制造，厚度为20微米至1000微米，优选40微米至300微米。
阻挡层3优选地由铝制造，但是其也可由塑料(比如乙烯-乙烯基醇或聚偏二氟乙烯)或纳米材料制造。阻挡层3可在一侧或两侧上用适当的材料涂布，比如用于抗氧化保护的漆，或用于机械加固阻挡层3的聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯。
下文公开了撕裂层的三个实施例：
1、撕裂层是由通过粘合剂结合在一起的聚合物纤维(比如聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯或纤维素)制成的纤维团块，并且其用为挥发性物质提供良好渗透性的聚氨酯膜胶合。
2、撕裂层由与半渗透层相同的材料制造并且通过热层压而施加在半渗透层上。撕裂层包括用于降低机械抗性的矿物填料，并且其胶合至阻挡层。
3、撕裂层由闭孔泡沫材料制造，其材料与半渗透层的材料相同。撕裂层热层压在半渗透层上并且其被胶合在阻挡层上。
虽然参考了本发明的具体实施方式，但是对于本领域技术人员显而易见的是在不背离所附权利要求限定的保护范围的情况下，多层结构允许进行许多变型和修饰，并且所有引用的细节可被其他技术等效细节替换。

Claims (13)

1.用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，包括：能够接触所述挥发性物质的半渗透层(2)和阻挡层(3)，所述阻挡层(3)用于防止在所述挥发性物质从所述多层结构(1)移除之前所述挥发性物质的扩散，所述多层结构(1)的特征在于所述多层结构(1)也包括放置在所述阻挡层(3)和所述半渗透层(2)之间的撕裂层(4)，当所述阻挡层(3)从所述多层结构(1)移除时，所述撕裂层(4)允许所述阻挡层(3)与所述半渗透层(2)分开，
其中所述撕裂层(4)是异相层，其在激活之后部分保留在所述半渗透层(2)和所述阻挡层(3)二者上，所述撕裂层(4)由高机械抗性的区域和较低抗性的区域组成，所述较低抗性的区域围绕所述高抗性的区域用作边界，并且
其中所述撕裂层(4)包括矿物填料或所述撕裂层(4)由闭孔泡沫材料制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)是微多孔的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)包括颗粒。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)包括纤维。
5.根据权利要求4所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)的所述纤维通过粘合剂结合在一起。
6.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)胶合至所述阻挡层(3)和/或胶合至所述半渗透层(2)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)热层压至所述阻挡层(3)和/或热层压至所述半渗透层(2)。
8.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)焊接至所述阻挡层(3)和/或焊接至所述半渗透层(2)。
9.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)对于所述挥发性物质是可渗透的。
10.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)的厚度为20微米至2000微米。
11.根据权利要求10所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)的所述厚度为20微米至1000微米。
12.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)的厚度为40微米至300微米。
13.根据权利要求1所述的用于挥发性物质扩散器的多层结构(1)，其中所述撕裂层(4)的厚度为40微米至150微米。
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