CN110106789A - Titanium/aluminum/titanium light high-strength emergency bridge and erection method - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to enable vehicles and machinery to overcome road obstacles such as shoals, rivers, potholes, mud and soft ground, a 6-meter-wide emergency bridge with a thickness of 2mm+6mm+2mm titanium/aluminum/titanium light-weight high-strength metal composite material was invented . The emergency bridge is mainly composed of bridge deck, transverse ties, auxiliary equipment and so on. Eight bridge decks form two equal-width ruts, and the two ruts are connected as a whole by transverse ties; the main body of the bridge deck is an I-beam structure, and the upper and lower wing plates and webs are made of titanium/aluminum/titanium laminated materials. Titanium/aluminum/titanium is a "sandwich" laminated structure. The size of the whole bridge (length × width × height) of the emergency bridge is: 6000mm × 3400mm × 240mm; the size of the bridge deck (length × width × height) is: 600mm × 260mm × 240mm; its total weight is 1600kg; the weight of a single bridge deck About 190kg. Since the weight of a single bridge deck is less than 200kg and the length exceeds 600mm, it can be erected by 4-6 people by hand, and the erection time is less than 30 minutes. This emergency bridge can be erected in combination to ensure the smooth passage of mechanical equipment with a crawler load of 40 tons and a wheeled axial pressure of 13 tons. It can also be erected and used alone to ensure that personnel can pass through deep valleys and other road obstacles.

Description

A titanium/aluminum/titanium light-weight high-strength emergency bridge and its erection method

technical field

The invention relates to a titanium/aluminum/titanium light-weight high-strength emergency bridge and its erection method, belonging to the comprehensive technical fields of metal composite material manufacturing and bridge structure design.

Background technique

During rescue and disaster relief, field operations or military operations, some shoals, rivers, potholes, muddy and soft ground seriously hinder the normal passage of rescue vehicles and machinery. Emergency bridges are important equipment and tools to overcome the above-mentioned complex road obstacles, and play an irreplaceable role in civil transportation and wartime support. Based on this, the emergency bridge should not only be light in weight and easy to erect, but also have sufficient strength and rigidity to facilitate the passage of mechanical vehicles.

At present, emergency bridges made of non-metallic materials or aluminum alloys generally have insufficient strength, and emergency bridges with steel structures are difficult to erect due to their heavy weight, which hinders the rapid repair support performance of emergency bridges. For example, the modular small-span aluminum alloy bridge (CN 201459589 U) has the characteristics of modular installation, simple structure, and convenient use, but due to the low strength of the aluminum alloy itself, it cannot well meet the passing requirements of large and heavy-duty vehicles; Bridge grid multi-point force bridge plate (CN204266119 U) uses the principle of grid multi-point force utilization to improve the service life and safety of steel bridges, but its portability and detachability are due to the cumbersome installation process. But there are some deficiencies; the mobile emergency light bridge structure (CN 204644855U) adopts vehicle folding to carry, has the advantages of fast carrying, high load strength, expandability and slope adjustment, but its erection requires relatively fixed vehicles and platforms, and is convenient It needs to be improved; how to find a new type of material for bridge structure, so that it has higher strength and lighter weight, and at the same time has better installability and operability, has become the key to the development of new emergency bridges.

Contents of the invention

The invention includes three parts: lightweight high-strength titanium/aluminum/titanium composite material and its manufacturing method, the structural composition of the 6-meter emergency bridge, and its erection and withdrawal method.

1. Lightweight and high-strength titanium/aluminum/titanium composite material for emergency bridge and its manufacturing method

In the explosive welding process, the doubler plate must first be bent, and secondly, the doubler plate cannot be damaged, that is, the explosive load must meet the following two conditions to achieve successful welding. The maximum bending moment generated by the explosive load must first exceed the dynamic yield limit bending moment of the material to cause the double plate to bend and deform, so as to meet the oblique collision conditions between the double plate and the base plate for explosive welding, and thus it is possible to obtain an effective welding interface.

The collision velocity of the base-composite plate increases rapidly with the increase of the charge thickness. Excessively high collision velocity will generate excess energy beyond the minimum interface binding energy, which will cause excessive melting of the bonding interface, and the overall plastic deformation, cracking, and burns of the composite plate will cause severe damage. Affects the quality of interface bonding and the appearance of composite panels. When the charge thickness exceeds the upper limit, the phenomenon of interface melting is extremely serious, and the extremely strong tensile wave is reflected from the foundation back to the joint interface, completely pulling apart the metal in the molten state, resulting in welding failure. Therefore, the control of the upper limit of charge amount can reduce the degree of interface melting. In addition, due to the high temperature at the interface between titanium and aluminum, brittle intermetallic compounds such as TiC, TiO, and Al ₂ O ₃ will be formed during the explosive welding process. Therefore, the determination of titanium/aluminum/titanium welding parameters should follow the lower limit rule, that is, in the welding window The optimal parameters are obtained near the lower limit, which makes the interfacial bonding strength of titanium/aluminum/titanium composites the highest.

Charge thickness δ, spacing s between base and cladding plates, and explosive detonation velocity D are three static process parameters that directly determine the quality of explosive welding. According to the established boundary conditions of the titanium-aluminum dynamic parameter window, based on the principle of minimum interface binding energy, window law and limit law, according to the welding dynamic parameter window, the lower limit of the collision velocity, the upper limit of the collision velocity, the combined lower limit mass ratio R _min , The two boundary conditions of the upper limit mass ratio R _max can be used to construct and calculate the initial parameter window of the charge mass ratio of titanium-aluminum alloy explosive welding and the doubler plate thickness.

The long-term explosive welding production shows that when the charge thickness of the dissimilar metal clad plate is near the lower limit R _min of the charge mass ratio, the bonding quality is the best, which conforms to the law of the lower limit of the charge thickness. During explosive welding, configure 60 ^# powdery emulsion explosive, that is, add 60% quartz sand to the powdery emulsion explosive, and its density Control explosive detonation velocity D≈1200m/s, effective polytropic index γ=1.8, for 2mm thick titanium and 6mm thick aluminum, calculate the lower limit charge thickness δ ₀ =20-25mm; the distance between two plates s=3-4mm. In order to eliminate the sparse wave boundary effect, the doubler plate size and charge area were increased by about 30mm at the initiation end, and 20mm at both sides and the tail end respectively; The temperature is 350°C. After cooling with the furnace, leveling and surface treatment are carried out, and then the secondary explosion is carried out. The welding parameters of the secondary explosion are 60 ^# powdery emulsion explosives. The welding parameters take the lower limit of the above primary explosion parameters to eliminate titanium/aluminum/ The technical parameters of explosive stress annealing of titanium double-sided clad plate refer to the annealing parameters of single-sided clad plate. After two times of explosive welding and annealing and leveling treatment, a 100% titanium/aluminum/titanium high-strength double-sided composite material with a thickness of 2mm+6mm+2mm was obtained. Its tensile strength is greater than 425MPa; the specified non-proportional elongation strength is greater than 305MPa; the elongation after breaking is greater than 20%; the interface shear strength is greater than 108MPa.

2. Structural composition of the 6-meter-long emergency bridge

This emergency bridge is made of titanium/aluminum/titanium lightweight high-strength metal composite laminates with a thickness of 2mm+6mm+2mm. In order to overcome shoals, rivers, potholes, muddy and soft ground or similar obstacles, this invention is designed to be 6 meters long The technical scheme of the emergency bridge can ensure that the mechanical equipment with a crawler load of 40 tons and a wheeled axial load of 13 tons can pass through the bridge smoothly.

The invented 6-meter emergency bridge consists of 8 bridge decks consisting of two equal-width ruts, and the two ruts are connected as a whole by transverse ties; the bridge deck body is an I-beam structure, and the upper and lower flanges and webs are made of titanium/ Aluminum/titanium laminated material, titanium/aluminum/titanium is a sandwich laminated structure. The size of the whole bridge (length × width × height) of the emergency bridge is: 6000mm × 3400mm × 240mm; the size of the bridge deck (length × width × height) is: 600mm × 260mm × 240mm; its total weight is 1600kg; the weight of a single bridge deck About 190kg. Since the weight of a single bridge deck is less than 200kg and the length exceeds 600mm, it can be erected by 4-6 people by hand, and the erection time is less than 30 minutes.

The 6-meter-long emergency bridge invented is mainly composed of bridge decks, transverse ties, and auxiliary equipment. As shown in Figure 1, the whole bridge consists of 8 bridge decks to form two equal-width ruts, and the two ruts are connected by transverse ties to form a whole. .

The bridge deck body is an I-beam structure, and there are single ears, double ears, outer top blocks, inner top blocks, long pins and lifting rings on the bridge deck body. The single and double lugs are used for horizontal connection; the pins are used for the connection between the single and double lugs and the connection between the horizontal tie and the bridge deck; the lifting ring is used for manual or mechanical lifting, as shown in Figure 2.

The upper and lower flanges and webs of the bridge deck are made of titanium/aluminum/titanium composite materials, the thickness of the upper and lower flanges is 8mm, and the thickness of the web is 6mm. Due to the huge difference in physical properties of the two components of titanium/aluminum/titanium composite materials, they cannot be welded. Therefore, this scheme adopts the riveting connection method, and the upper and lower wings are riveted together by hemming angle steel, as shown in Figure 3.

Transverse ties are used for horizontal connection and fixation between bridge decks, and the width can be adjusted according to the type of equipment. When connecting, the horizontal tie can be lengthened or shortened by rotating the adjusting handle clockwise or counterclockwise, as shown in Figure 4. The adjustment width of the emergency bridge is 2800mm～3300mm.

Auxiliary equipment includes crowbar, anchor drill, hammer. The crowbar is mainly used for the movement of the bridge deck, the withdrawal of the anchor and the withdrawal of the bolt during assembly. Anchor drills are mainly used for mooring. The hammer is used to fix the anchor drill on the ground and withdraw the bolt, as shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6.

3. Erection and withdrawal methods of 6-meter-long emergency bridge

The erection method of the 6 meter long emergency bridge of invention is as follows:

(1) Erection of the first bridge deck

6 personnel hold the lifting ring of the bridge deck at the same time, lift the first bridge deck to the erection position (near the shallows, potholes, bomb craters and other similar obstacles, the two people in the middle withdraw, and lift them on the two sides of the bridge deck respectively. terminal until it reaches the specified position, as shown in Figure 8).

(2) Erection of the second bridge deck

Lift the second bridge deck to the side of the first bridge deck according to the first step, and connect it horizontally with the first bridge deck, as shown in Figure 9. When connecting, pull out the pins on the two ears, move the bridge deck by hand or a crowbar, insert the corresponding single and double ears on the two bridge decks, and at the same time insert the inner and outer top blocks on the two bridge decks accordingly. Then, fix the single and double ears with pins.

(3) Erection of the third and fourth bridge decks

According to the above method, the third and fourth bridge decks are erected to form a rut, as shown in Figure 10.

(4) Erection of the fifth to eighth bridge decks

According to the above method, the fifth to eighth bridge decks are erected to form another rut, as shown in Figure 11.

(5) Connecting horizontal ties

Connect the transverse ties to the single and double lugs at both ends of the inner web of the rut respectively. When connecting, connect the end with the fork head to the single ear, and the end with the ring head to the double lugs, as shown in Figure 12 Show.

(6) Fixed bridge span

Insert the anchors into the single and double lugs on both ends of the bridge deck outside the rut of the bridge span, fix the anchors on the subgrades on both sides of the crater with a sledgehammer, and fix the bridge span, as shown in Figure 13.

The withdrawal process of the 6-meter emergency bridge is basically the opposite of the erection process. This emergency bridge can be erected in combination to ensure the smooth passage of mechanical equipment with a crawler load of 40 tons and a wheeled axial pressure of 13 tons. It can also be erected and used alone to ensure that personnel can pass through deep valleys and other road obstacles.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a 6-meter emergency bridge, 1-bridge deck, 2-horizontal ties, 3, auxiliary equipment; Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the bridge deck, 1-lift ring, 2-single ear joint, 3, bridge deck body, 4 -outer top block, 5-inner top block, 6-ear joint, 7-bolt; Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the main body of the bridge deck, 1-flange (Ti/Al/Ti composite material), 2-web (Ti /Al/Ti composite material), 3-flange angle steel, 4-rivet; Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the horizontal tie material, 1-fork head screw, 2-sleeve, 3, adjusting handle, 4-ring head screw; Figure 5 Figure 6 is a hammer; Figure 7 is a crowbar; Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of erecting the first bridge deck; Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of erecting the second bridge deck; Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of erecting the third and fourth bridge decks; Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of erecting the fifth to eighth bridge decks; Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of connecting transverse ties; Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of fixed bridge spans.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of titanium/aluminium/titanium light-high-strength emergency bridge and erection method, it is characterized in that light-high-strength titanium/aluminium/titanium is compound Material and its manufacturing method；6 meters long titanium/aluminium/titanium emergency bridge structure composition；It is 6 meters long emergency bridge erection and remove receiving method.

2. a kind of titanium/aluminium/titanium light-high-strength emergency bridge according to claim 1 and erection method, it is characterized in that gently Matter high strength titanium/aluminium/titanium composite material and its manufacturing method, titanium/aluminium/titanium composite material charge depth is in charge to mass ratio lower limit Near Rmin when value, bond quality is best, meets charge depth lower limit rule, configuration 60^#Powdery emulsifying explosive, i.e., in powdery 60% quartz sand, density are added in emulsionExplosion velocity of explosive D ≈ 1200m/s is controlled, it is effectively multi-party Exponent gamma=1.8, the aluminium of titanium and 6mm thickness for 2mm thickness, can be calculated lower limit charge depth δ₀=20-25mm, two plates Distance s=3-4mm；It carries out eliminating detonation stresses annealing, annealing temperature 350 after composite plate titanium/explosive welding of aluminium one time DEG C, it is smoothed and is surface-treated after furnace cooling, then carry out subsequent explosion, subsequent explosion welding parameter 60^#It is powder emulsified fried Medicine, welding parameter take the most lower limit value of an above-mentioned explosive parameters, eliminate titanium/aluminium/titanium double-sided composite plate detonation stresses lehr attendant Skill parameter reference single side composite plate annealing parameter；100% thickness has been obtained after explosive welding twice and annealing smoothing process For 2mm+6mm+2mm titanium/aluminium/titanium high-strength double-face composite material, it is strong that tensile strength is greater than 425MPa, regulation Non-proportional extension Degree is greater than 305MPa, elongation after fracture is greater than 20%；Interface shear strength is greater than 108MPa.

3. a kind of titanium/aluminium/titanium light-high-strength emergency bridge according to claim 1 and erection method, it is characterized in that this Bridge of meeting an urgent need is manufactured using above-mentioned with a thickness of 2mm+6mm+2mm titanium/aluminium/titanium light-high-strength metal composite laminate, 6 meters long emergency bridge It is mainly made of floorings, horizontal system's material, auxiliary appliance, whole bridge forms two wide tracks by 8 pieces of floorings, leads between two tracks It is whole for crossing horizontal system's material connection；Floorings ontology is structural I-beam, and upper and lower wing plate and web use titanium/aluminium/titanium laminated material Material, it is ensured that 40 tons of crawler type load, wheeled axis press 13 tons of mechanized equipment to pass through bridge；Meet an urgent need bridge its whole bridge (it is long × It is wide × high) size are as follows: 6000mm × 3400mm × 240mm, floorings (length × width × height) size are as follows: 600mm × 260mm × 240mm, its total weight are 1600kg, floorings monolithic weight is about 190kg；Since floorings monolithic weighs less than 200kg, and Length is more than 600mm, can manually be set up by 4-6 people, sets up the time less than 30 minutes；Floorings ontology is I-beam knot Structure is provided with monaural, ears, outer jacking block, interior jacking block, cremorne bolt and drop handle on floorings ontology；Single ears are for transverse direction Between be coupled, bolt is used between single ears and horizontal system's material is coupled with floorings, and drop handle is transported or machinery handling for manually lifting；Bridge floor The upper and lower wing plate of plate main body and web are titanium/aluminium/titanium composite material, and upper and lower wing plate is with a thickness of 8mm, web thickness 6mm；Horizontal system Transverse splicing is fixed between material is used for floorings, can adjust width according to the type of equipment.When connection, by rotating clockwise or inverse Hour hands rotation regulation handle can be such that horizontal system's material elongates or shortens；The adjustment width of emergency bridge is 2800mm~3300mm；Auxiliary Equipment includes crowbar, anchor pricker, hammer；Floorings, which are moved, when crowbar is mainly used for assembly removes receipts with anchor pricker and bolt removes receipts；Anchor pricker It is mainly used for being tethered at；It hammers into shape and removes receipts for what anchor pricker was fixed on ground and bolt.

4. a kind of titanium/aluminium/titanium light-high-strength emergency bridge according to claim 1 and erection method, it is characterized in that 6 meters The erection of long emergency bridge and remove receiving method are as follows: set up first piece of floorings, 6 personnel hold the drop handle of floorings simultaneously, by the One piece of floorings lifts to decorating position, and when near the similar obstacles such as shoal, hollow, crater, two intermediate people are withdrawn from, respectively The two ends in floorings are lifted, only to arrival designated position；Second piece of floorings is set up, by the first one step process by second piece of bridge floor Plate is lifted to beside first piece of floorings, laterally couple with first piece of floorings, when connection, by the bolt extraction on ears, uses hand Single, double ear corresponding on two floorings is inserted by lift or the mobile floorings of crowbar, at the same the inside and outside jacking block on two floorings with Correspondence insertion, then, single ears are fixed with bolt；Third and fourth block floorings is set up, sets up third and fourth by the above process Block floorings form a track；The five~eight piece of floorings are set up, set up the five~eight piece of floorings, group by the above process At another track；Couple horizontal system's material, horizontal system's material is connected in respectively in track on the single, double ear at coxostermum both ends, couples When, it will be connected equipped with plug one end with monaural, one end equipped with ring head will be connected with ears；Fixed bridge is across by anchor pricker insertion bridge In single Double-ear-hole across bridge floor board ends on the outside of track, anchor pricker is fixed on the roadbed of crater both sides with sledgehammer, spanning is consolidated It is fixed；The removing of 6 meters of emergency bridges receives process and erection process is substantially opposite；This emergency bridge can be set up by combination to be used, and guarantees crawler belt 40 tons of formula load, wheeled axis press 13 tons of mechanized equipment to pass through, can also individually set up passed through using guarantee personnel it is deeper The road barriers such as mountain valley.