CN110084494A - A kind of flexible power load soft readjustment method based on Spot Price - Google Patents

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, and propose a method for flexible regulation of power elastic load based on real-time electricity price. It provides a good and feasible method for the establishment of real-time electricity prices for power suppliers and the adjustment of demand-side power elastic loads. The specific steps are as follows: establish the demand response model of power elastic load, and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response. On this basis, the real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit of the power supplier and the minimum cost model of user participation in demand response are established, and finally a two-layer model of power flexible load demand response based on real-time electricity price is obtained. In the process of solving, the initial value of the real-time electricity price is first given, and based on this initial value, the optimal solution of the minimum cost model for the lower-level users to participate in demand response is obtained. The optimal solution of real-time electricity price is obtained by solving the real-time electricity price model with the largest profit, and then the optimal value of real-time electricity price is substituted into the minimum cost model for lower-level users to participate in demand response, and so on, and finally optimized to obtain the optimal real-time electricity price and the optimal solution. good response strategy.

Description

A flexible adjustment method for electric power elastic load based on real-time electricity price

technical field

The invention relates to the field of flexible regulation of power elastic loads on the demand side, in particular to a method for flexible regulation of power elastic loads based on real-time electricity prices.

Background technique

With the rapid development of social economy and technological progress, user-side controllable resources such as demand-side distributed power supply, electric vehicles, distributed energy storage, air conditioners and electric heating boilers have grown rapidly, greatly enriching the types of user-side demand response controllable resources and capacity. In addition, with the further deepening of electricity market reform, the electricity price mechanism in the electricity market has gradually changed from constant electricity price to time-of-use electricity price or even real-time electricity price. Therefore, the adjustment mechanism of demand-side elastic load based on real-time electricity price is currently a difficult problem that needs to be solved urgently. Among them, it is particularly important to coordinate the response amount and response time of various elastic loads and ensure user satisfaction based on real-time electricity price.

The adjustment methods of power elastic load in the prior art mainly include price-based flexible adjustment method and incentive-based flexible adjustment method. Among them, the price-based demand side response strategy is divided into time-of-use electricity price, peak electricity price and real-time electricity price. Time-of-use electricity price is a relatively common electricity price strategy in China. It can effectively reflect the electricity price mechanism of power supply cost differences in different periods of the grid. Improve the power consumption of users to achieve the effect of peak shaving and valley filling. However, since the time division of time-of-use electricity price is fixed, and the price ratio of each time period is also fixed, it can only reflect the statistical law of daily load and power supply cost within a certain period of time, but cannot accurately reflect the changes in load and power supply cost in each time period of the day. .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, and propose a method for flexible regulation of power elastic load based on real-time electricity price. It provides a good and feasible method for the establishment of real-time electricity prices for power suppliers and the adjustment of demand-side power elastic loads.

The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows:

A method for flexible regulation of power elastic loads based on real-time electricity prices is provided, which includes the following steps:

Step 1: Establish the demand response model of power elastic load and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response according to the parameters of power elastic load and user behavior parameters;

Step 2: Based on the demand response model of the electric power elastic load and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response, establish a real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit of the power supplier and a minimum cost model of user participation in demand response;

Step 3: Set or iteratively calculate the initial value of the real-time electricity price, based on the initial value of the real-time electricity price, optimize and solve the minimum cost model for user participation in demand response, and obtain the optimal strategy for user participation in demand response, and judge step 3 Whether the convergence requirement is met, if not, go to step 4, if it is satisfied, go to step 5 with the initial value of the optimal solution of the real-time electricity price;

Step 4: After obtaining the optimal strategy for users to participate in demand response from Step 3, substitute the response strategy into the power supplier's real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit to obtain the optimal solution for real-time electricity prices, and judge whether Step 4 meets the convergence requirements , if not satisfied, go to step 3, if satisfied, go to step 5;

Step 5: Output the optimal solution of real-time electricity price and the optimal strategy of user participation in demand response.

Preferably, in the step 1 and step 2, the demand response model of the power elastic load and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response are established according to the power elastic load parameters and user behavior parameters; based on the power elastic load demand Response model and dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response Establish a power supplier based on the real-time electricity price model with the largest profit and the maximum revenue model with user participation in demand response. The specific steps are as follows:

1). For the demand response characteristics of different power elastic loads, the demand response model of the power elastic load includes the following four response models:

(1) Cuttable load model:

in: Indicates the state of load i in time period k, Indicates that the load is turned off, Indicates that the load is turned on; P ^{i , rated} is the rated power of the load; represents the optimal cutting time for load i, Indicates that the load is not shedding, Indicates load shedding, Indicates the cut power of load i in time period k;

(2) Transferable but non-interruptible load model:

in: Indicates the operating state of load d in time period k, means not open, Indicates open; Indicates the set operating period of the load, Indicates the user's preferred opening time, User-acceptable turn-on time deviation;

(3) Transferable and interrupted load model:

Among them: E ^f represents the total power consumption of the load within the time interval λ ^f ; Indicates the electric power of load f in k period; P ^{f , rated} indicates the rated power of load f, and N indicates the total number of demand response periods in a day;

(4) Temperature control load model:

Among them: T ⁽ⁱⁿ⁾ and T ^(out) represent the indoor temperature and outdoor temperature respectively; ε is the inertia factor; A is the thermal conductivity; the ratio of COP heat exchange to the required electric energy, +COP means heating, -COP means cooling; Indicates the power consumption of the load h during the k period;

2). Establishing the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response

The user dissatisfaction function is quantified by the following formula:

In the formula: x _i represents the strategy of load i; β _i , m _i are the parameters of response load _{i changing with xi i} , among which β _i represents the response willingness coefficient, and the larger the value, the smaller the response willingness; m _i represents the user’s willingness to respond Baseline load values that do not participate in demand response.

3). According to the following formula, establish a power supplier based on the real-time electricity price model with the maximum profit and the minimum cost model for users to participate in demand response:

(1) The minimum cost model for users to participate in demand response is:

Among them: ω is the weight factor reflecting the user's emphasis on energy use satisfaction; c _i is the real-time electricity price, Real-time electricity prices for power suppliers;

(2) The power supplier's real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit is:

Among them: C _base is the base electricity price without real-time demand response, Real-time electricity prices for power suppliers, It is the user's energy utilization strategy.

Preferably, in the steps 3) and 4), an algorithm based on alternate iterations is used to solve the real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit of the power supplier and the minimum cost model of user participation in demand response, and the steps include:

a) Set the initial value of real-time electricity price and the convergence flags flagc=1, flagx=1 of the upper and lower models (the model with the minimum cost for users to participate in demand response is the upper model, and the power supplier’s real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit is the lower model), and Based on the initial value, optimize the solution of the minimum cost model for user participation in demand response, and obtain the optimal strategy for user participation in demand response Judging whether the convergence requirements are met Update if not satisfied If the convergence requirement is met, flag flagx=0 is set; judge whether flagc and flagx are 0 at the same time, if they are 0 at the same time, then go to c), otherwise go to step b);

b) Obtain the user's response strategy from the solution of a) Finally, this strategy is substituted into the real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit of the upper power supplier to obtain the optimal solution of real-time electricity price Judging whether the convergence requirements are met Update if not satisfied If satisfying then set mark flagc=0, if judging whether it is 0 at the same time, then go to step c) if it is 0 at the same time, otherwise go to step b);

c) Output real-time electricity price and user response strategies the result of.

Preferably, in the step 3, the initial value of setting the real-time electricity price is calculated using the following formula:

is the real-time electricity price update step size of the k-th iteration, δ is the iteration step size, e is a natural constant, ΔP ^k represents the power imbalance of the k-th iteration, Indicates the real-time electricity price setting value of the kth and k+1 times; among them, the real-time electricity price of the first time Referring to the current real-time electricity price setting, the initial value of the real-time electricity price for each subsequent iteration is determined by the above formula.

The invention first establishes a demand response model of power elastic load and a dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response. On this basis, the real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit of the power supplier and the minimum cost model of user participation in demand response are established, and finally a power flexible load demand response model based on real-time electricity price is obtained. In the process of solving, the initial value of the real-time electricity price is given first, and based on this initial value, the optimal solution of the model with the minimum cost of user participation in demand response is carried out, and then the response strategy of the user is obtained by solving the solution, and the strategy is substituted into the power supplier based on the maximum profit. The optimal real-time electricity price is obtained by solving the real-time electricity price model, and then the optimal value of the real-time electricity price is substituted into the minimum cost model for users to participate in demand response. By analogy, the optimal real-time electricity price and the optimal response strategy are finally optimized .

It can be simply described as: Step 1: Establish a demand response model for power elastic loads and a dissatisfaction model for user participation in demand response;

Step 2: Establish a real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit for power suppliers and a minimum cost model for users to participate in demand response;

Step 3: Set the initial value of real-time electricity price, based on this initial value, optimize and solve the minimum cost model of user participation in demand response, and obtain the optimal strategy for user participation in demand response, and judge whether step 3 meets the convergence requirements, if not If it is satisfied, go to step 4, if it is satisfied, go to step 5;

Step 4: After obtaining the user's response strategy from the solution in step 3, substitute the strategy into the power supplier's real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit to obtain the optimal real-time electricity price solution, and judge whether step 4 meets the convergence requirements. If not, enter step 3. If satisfied, go to step 5.

Step 5: Output the results of real-time electricity prices and user response strategies.

Owing to adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

The invention comprehensively considers the real-time electricity price strategy with the largest profit for the power supplier under the real-time electricity price mechanism and the energy utilization strategy with the lowest cost for users to participate in demand response by establishing a two-layer model of electric power flexible load demand response based on real-time electricity price. Realized the formulation mechanism of real-time electricity price and the response mechanism of demand response under the real-time electricity price, improved the further refined time scale of demand response, and provided a reference for the research on the flexible adjustment method of power elastic load based on real-time electricity price.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a brief flow chart of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a detailed flowchart of the present invention.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be further described below.

As shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the flow of a method for flexible regulation of electric power elastic load based on real-time electricity price in the present invention is as follows:

Step 1: Establish the demand response model of power elastic load and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response based on each power elastic load parameter and user behavior parameters.

According to the following formulas, the demand response model of power elastic load and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response are established:

1. Demand response model of power elastic load

(1) Cuttable load model:

in: Indicates the state of load i in time period k, Indicates that the load is turned off, Indicates that the load is turned on; P ^{i , rated} is the rated power of the load; represents the optimal cutting time for load i, Indicates that the load is not shedding, Indicates load reduction.

(2) Transferable but non-interruptible load model:

in: Indicates the operating state of load d in time period k, means not open, Indicates open; Indicates the set operating period of the load, Indicates the user's preferred opening time, User-acceptable turn-on time deviation.

(3) Transferable and interrupted load model:

Among them: E ^f represents the total power consumption of the load within the time interval λ ^f ; Indicates the electric power of load f in k period; P ^{f , rated} indicates the rated power of load f.

(4) Temperature control load model:

Among them: T ⁽ⁱⁿ⁾ and T ^(out) represent the indoor temperature and outdoor temperature respectively; ε is the inertia factor; A is the thermal conductivity; the ratio of COP heat exchange to the required electric energy, +COP means heating, -COP means cooling; Indicates the power consumption of load h in k period.

2. Dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response

The user dissatisfaction function is quantified by the following formula:

In the formula: _xi represents the strategy of load i; β _i , m _i are the parameters of reaction load _i changing with xi.

Step 2: Based on the demand response model of electric power elastic load and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response in step 1, establish the power supplier's real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit and the maximum revenue model of user participation in demand response.

According to the following formulas, the demand response model of power elastic load and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response are established:

1. The minimum cost model for users to participate in demand response

Among them: ω is the weight factor reflecting the user's emphasis on energy satisfaction; c _i is the real-time electricity price;

2. The power supplier is based on the real-time electricity price model with the largest profit

Among them: C _base is the base electricity price without real-time demand response; Real-time electricity prices for power suppliers; It is the user's energy utilization strategy.

Step 3: Determine the initial value of real-time electricity price and the convergence flag flagc=1, flagx=1 of the upper and lower model, to Based on the initial value, optimize the solution of the minimum cost model for user participation in demand response, and obtain the optimal strategy for user participation in demand response Judging whether the convergence requirements are met Update if not satisfied If the convergence requirement is met, set the flag flagx=0. Determine whether flagc=0 is true, if true, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 4.

Step 4: Get the user's response strategy from Step 3 Finally, this strategy is substituted into the power supplier's real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit to obtain the optimal solution of real-time electricity price Judging whether the convergence requirements are met Update if not satisfied If it is satisfied, set the flag flagc=0, if it is judged whether it is 0 at the same time, if it is 0 at the same time, go to step 5, otherwise go to step 3.

Step 5: Output real-time electricity price and user response strategies the result of.

In step 3, the initial value of setting the real-time electricity price is calculated by the following formula:

is the real-time electricity price update step size of the k-th iteration, δ is the iteration step size, e is a natural constant, ΔP ^k represents the power imbalance of the k-th iteration, Indicates the real-time electricity price setting value of the kth and k+1 times; among them, the real-time electricity price of the first time Referring to the current real-time electricity price setting, the initial value of the real-time electricity price for each subsequent iteration is determined by the above formula.

Claims (6)

1. A method for flexible regulation of electric power elastic load based on real-time electricity price, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Step 1: Establish the demand response model of power elastic load and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response according to the parameters of power elastic load and user behavior parameters; Step 2: Based on the demand response model of the electric power elastic load and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response, establish a real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit of the power supplier and a minimum cost model of user participation in demand response; Step 3: Set or iteratively calculate the initial value of the real-time electricity price, based on the initial value of the real-time electricity price, optimize and solve the minimum cost model for user participation in demand response, and obtain the optimal strategy for user participation in demand response, and judge step 3 Whether the convergence requirement is met, if not, go to step 4, if it is satisfied, go to step 5 with the initial value of the optimal solution of the real-time electricity price; Step 4: After obtaining the optimal strategy for users to participate in demand response from Step 3, substitute the response strategy into the power supplier's real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit to obtain the optimal solution for real-time electricity prices, and judge whether Step 4 meets the convergence requirements , if not satisfied, go to step 3, if satisfied, go to step 5; Step 5: Output the optimal solution of real-time electricity price and the optimal strategy of user participation in demand response. 2. A method for flexible adjustment of electric power elastic load based on real-time electricity price as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 1 and step 2, said electric power elastic load is established according to electric power elastic load parameters and user behavior parameters The demand response model and the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response, the specific steps are as follows: 1). For the demand response characteristics of different power elastic loads, the demand response model of the power elastic load includes the following four response models: (1) Cuttable load model: in: Indicates the state of load i in time period k, Indicates that the load is turned off, Indicates that the load is turned on; P ^i,rated is the rated power of the load; represents the optimal cutting time for load i, Indicates that the load is not shedding, Indicates load reduction, Indicates the cut power of load i in time period k; (2) Transferable but non-interruptible load model: in: Indicates the operating state of load d in time period k, means not open, Indicates open; Indicates the set operating period of the load, Indicates the user's preferred opening time, User-acceptable turn-on time deviation; (3) Transferable and interrupted load model: Among them: E ^f represents the total power consumption of the load within the time interval λ ^f ; Indicates the power consumption of load f in period k; P ^f,rated indicates the rated power of load f, and N indicates the total number of demand response periods in a day; (4) Temperature control load model: Among them: T ⁽ⁱⁿ⁾ and T ^(out) represent the indoor temperature and outdoor temperature respectively; ε is the inertia factor; A is the thermal conductivity; the ratio of COP heat exchange to the required electric energy, +COP means heating, -COP means cooling; Indicates the power consumption of the load h during the k period; 2). Establishing the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response The user dissatisfaction function is quantified by the following formula: In the formula: x _i represents the strategy of load i; β _i , m _i are the parameters of response load _{i changing with xi i} , among which β _i represents the response willingness coefficient, and the larger the value, the smaller the response willingness; m _i represents the user’s willingness to respond Baseline load values that do not participate in demand response. 3. A method for flexible adjustment of electric power elastic load based on real-time electricity price as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, in said step 2, based on the demand response model of said electric power elastic load and the dissatisfaction of users participating in demand response The degree model establishes the power supplier based on the real-time electricity price model with the maximum profit and the minimum cost model for users to participate in demand response. The specific steps are as follows: 2). Establishing the dissatisfaction model of user participation in demand response The user dissatisfaction function is quantified by the following formula: In the formula: x _i represents the strategy of load i; β _i , m _i are the parameters of response load _{i changing with xi i} , among which β _i represents the response willingness coefficient, and the larger the value, the smaller the response willingness; m _i represents the user’s willingness to respond Baseline load values that do not participate in demand response; 3). According to the following formula, establish a power supplier based on the real-time electricity price model with the maximum profit and the minimum cost model for users to participate in demand response: (1) The minimum cost model for users to participate in demand response is: Among them: ω is the weight factor reflecting the user's emphasis on energy use satisfaction; c _i is the real-time electricity price, Real-time electricity prices for power suppliers; (2) The power supplier's real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit is: Among them: C _base is the base electricity price without real-time demand response, Real-time electricity prices for power suppliers, It is the user's energy utilization strategy. 4. A kind of electric power elastic load flexible adjustment method based on real-time electricity price as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step 3) and 4), the algorithm based on alternate iteration is solved based on the maximum profit of the power supplier A real-time electricity price model and a cost-minimizing model for user participation in demand response, the steps of which include: a) Set the initial value of real-time electricity price and the convergence flag flagc=1, flagx=1 of the upper and lower model, to Based on the initial value, optimize the solution of the minimum cost model for user participation in demand response, and obtain the optimal strategy for user participation in demand response Judging whether the convergence requirements are met Update if not satisfied If the convergence requirement is met, flag flagx=0; judge whether flagc and flagx are 0 at the same time, if they are 0 at the same time, then go to c), otherwise go to step b); wherein, the minimum cost model for the user to participate in demand response is the upper-level model, and the power supplier’s real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit is the lower-level model; b) Obtain the user's response strategy from the solution of a) Finally, this strategy is substituted into the power supplier's real-time electricity price model based on the maximum profit to obtain the optimal solution of real-time electricity price Judging whether the convergence requirements are met Update if not satisfied If satisfying then set mark flagc=0, if judging whether it is 0 at the same time, then go to step c) if it is 0 at the same time, otherwise go to step b); c) Output real-time electricity price and user response strategies the result of. 5. A kind of electric power elastic load flexible regulation method based on real-time electricity price as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 3, the initial value of the real-time electricity price setting value of each iteration is calculated by the following formula: is the real-time electricity price update step size of the k-th iteration, δ is the iteration step size, e is a natural constant, ΔP ^k represents the power imbalance of the k-th iteration, Indicates the first real-time electricity price; Indicates the real-time electricity price setting value of the kth and k+1th times. 6. A kind of electricity elastic load flexible adjustment method based on real-time electricity price as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, the real-time electricity price for the first time Refer to the current real-time electricity price setting.