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CN110054912B - A method and product for preparing rubber filler based on shrimp and crab base shell pyrolysis - Google Patents

A method and product for preparing rubber filler based on shrimp and crab base shell pyrolysis Download PDF

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CN110054912B
CN110054912B CN201910285297.3A CN201910285297A CN110054912B CN 110054912 B CN110054912 B CN 110054912B CN 201910285297 A CN201910285297 A CN 201910285297A CN 110054912 B CN110054912 B CN 110054912B
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shrimp
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CN110054912A (en
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胡红云
章鹏超
谢康
邓雨婷
杨宇涵
杨福
唐华
姚洪
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Guangdong Yuneng Huanchuan Technology Co ltd
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    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01FCOMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
    • C01F11/00Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
    • C01F11/18Carbonates
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24Acids; Salts thereof
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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    • C09CTREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09CTREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C3/00Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08KUse of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/24Acids; Salts thereof
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    • C08K2003/265Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field related to rubber filler preparation, and discloses a method for preparing rubber filler based on shrimp and crab-based shell pyrolysis, which comprises the following steps: pretreating shrimp and crab shells; preparing pyrolytic carbon by pyrolyzing a shell powder sample; and (5) cleaning, drying and grinding the pyrolytic carbon. Wherein the design of the reaction participants and the pyrolysis process route can ensure that nano-scale calcium carbonate particles are obtained, and simultaneously the high rigidity and high toughness of the filler are improved by combining with organic components. In addition, the special auxiliary agent is added in the pyrolytic carbon post-treatment process, and practical tests show that the performances of the rubber such as rigidity, tensile strength, permeability, flame retardance, heat resistance and the like can be improved. The invention also discloses a corresponding rubber filler product. The invention has the advantages of relatively simple process flow, easily regulated reaction conditions and lower preparation cost, can reduce the environmental pollution caused by the disposal of the shrimp and crab shells, and realizes resource utilization.

Description

一种基于虾蟹基壳体热解制备橡胶填料的方法及产品A method and product for preparing rubber filler based on shrimp and crab base shell pyrolysis

技术领域technical field

本发明属于橡胶填料制备相关技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种基于虾蟹基壳体热解制备橡胶填料的方法及产品。The invention belongs to the technical field related to the preparation of rubber fillers, and more particularly relates to a method and a product for preparing rubber fillers based on the pyrolysis of shrimp and crab-based shells.

背景技术Background technique

众所周知,碳酸钙作为最重要的无机填料之一,其被广泛应用于橡胶、塑料、造纸等行业。橡胶填料对聚合物的机械性能的影响主要取决于它们的粒径、形状、表面特性和分散程度。对于碳酸钙,其作为橡胶填料的最大问题是亲水性,这会导致其与聚合物基质界面结合的不均匀性以及分散的不均匀性,从而影响材料的机械性能。由于纯碳酸钙颗粒在聚合物基质中的分散性较差,因此大量研究人员使用疏水性较好的偶联剂或反应性表面改性剂,通过吸附或者表面涂复的方法对碳酸钙进行表面有机改性,以期改善其分散特性。As we all know, calcium carbonate, as one of the most important inorganic fillers, is widely used in rubber, plastic, paper and other industries. The influence of rubber fillers on the mechanical properties of polymers mainly depends on their particle size, shape, surface properties and degree of dispersion. For calcium carbonate, its biggest problem as a rubber filler is its hydrophilicity, which leads to non-uniform bonding with the polymer matrix interface and non-uniform dispersion, thereby affecting the mechanical properties of the material. Due to the poor dispersion of pure calcium carbonate particles in the polymer matrix, a large number of researchers have used coupling agents or reactive surface modifiers with better hydrophobicity to surface calcium carbonate by adsorption or surface coating. Organic modification with a view to improving its dispersing properties.

例如,发明专利CN106830043 A公开了一种将铝酸酯偶联剂、硅烷、月桂酸、非离子型表面活性剂复配为改性剂,并以此表面改性纳米碳酸钙的方法;又如,发明专利CN104084059A公开了一种以油酸和硬脂酸中的一种或两者混合物为改性剂,用疏水改性纳米碳酸钙填充硅橡胶复合膜的制备方法。然而,进一步的研究表明,这类方法使用的通常都是工业级碳酸钙,并且在改性过程中需使用价格较高的化合物,这提高了碳酸钙填料的使用成本。另一方面,碳酸钙的改性条件较为苛刻,改性剂的加入往往会对聚合物的性能会带来部分负面影响。相应地,本领域亟需对此作出进一步的改进,以便符合更高质量及效率要求的橡胶填料制备需求。For example, invention patent CN106830043 A discloses a method of compounding aluminate coupling agent, silane, lauric acid, and non-ionic surfactant as modifier, and modifying nano-calcium carbonate on the surface; , Invention Patent CN104084059A discloses a preparation method for filling silicone rubber composite film with hydrophobically modified nano-calcium carbonate with one or a mixture of oleic acid and stearic acid as modifier. However, further research shows that these methods usually use technical grade calcium carbonate, and need to use higher-priced compounds in the modification process, which increases the cost of using calcium carbonate fillers. On the other hand, the modification conditions of calcium carbonate are relatively harsh, and the addition of modifiers will often have a partial negative impact on the properties of the polymer. Correspondingly, there is an urgent need to make further improvements in this field in order to meet the requirements for the preparation of rubber fillers with higher quality and efficiency requirements.

发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

针对现有技术的以上不足之处和改进需求,本发明提供了一种基于虾蟹基壳体热解制备橡胶填料的方法及产品,其中通过专门选择虾蟹基壳体作为碳酸钙来源,并进一步针对性设计了配套的热解工艺路线及反应机理,相应可充分借助碳酸钙与有机物的结合来提高材料的高刚度和高韧性,同时与现有技术相比省去了改性步骤,显著提高了生产效率和产品质量。In view of the above deficiencies and improvement needs of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and product for preparing rubber fillers based on the pyrolysis of shrimp and crab base shells, wherein the shrimp and crab base shells are specially selected as the source of calcium carbonate, and the The matching pyrolysis process route and reaction mechanism are further designed in a targeted manner, correspondingly, the combination of calcium carbonate and organic matter can be used to improve the high stiffness and high toughness of the material. Improve production efficiency and product quality.

为实现上述目的,按照本发明的一个方面,提供了一种基于虾蟹基壳体热解制备橡胶填料的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括下列步骤:In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, a method for preparing a rubber filler based on the pyrolysis of shrimp and crab base shells is provided, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

(a)虾蟹壳的预处理步骤(a) Pretreatment steps of shrimp and crab shells

将虾蟹基壳体清洗后进行破碎处理,得到平均尺寸为0.5cm~2cm的壳体破碎料;The shrimp and crab base shells are cleaned and then crushed to obtain shell crushed materials with an average size of 0.5 cm to 2 cm;

(b)目标热解碳的制备步骤(b) Preparation steps of target pyrolytic carbon

将壳体破碎料放入内置有传热介质球的反应器中,并在惰性气体保护下进行热解处理,其中反应器内部温度被设定为300℃~1000℃,热解时间被设定为20min~24h;The shell crushed material is put into a reactor with a built-in heat transfer medium ball, and the pyrolysis treatment is carried out under the protection of inert gas, wherein the internal temperature of the reactor is set to 300℃~1000℃, and the pyrolysis time is set 20min~24h;

在此过程中,壳体破碎料受热分解为半焦成分和挥发分,该半焦成分随着所述反应器内的扬料板一同运动,并受到传热介质球的不断碰击和辅助传热,同时与该挥发分进行交互反应,最终生成目标热解碳;During this process, the shell crushed material is thermally decomposed into semi-coke components and volatile components. The semi-coke components move together with the lifting plate in the reactor, and are continuously impacted and assisted by the heat transfer medium balls. heat, and at the same time interact with the volatile matter, and finally generate the target pyrolytic carbon;

(c)热解碳的清洗、干燥与研磨处理步骤(c) Cleaning, drying and grinding treatment steps of pyrolytic carbon

将步骤(b)所生成的目标热解碳依次使用有机溶剂和去离子水进行清洗,并过滤得到干净的热解碳;将此热解碳置于50℃~105℃的烘箱中干燥一定时间,使其含水率低于5%,接着将干燥的热解碳置于研磨机中并加入助剂,充分研磨得到平均粒径为3μm~50μm的最终产物,由此获得所需的橡胶填料产品;The target pyrolytic carbon generated in step (b) is washed with organic solvent and deionized water in turn, and filtered to obtain clean pyrolytic carbon; the pyrolytic carbon is placed in an oven at 50° C. to 105° C. to dry for a certain period of time. , so that the moisture content is lower than 5%, then the dry pyrolytic carbon is placed in a grinder and additives are added to fully grind to obtain a final product with an average particle size of 3 μm to 50 μm, thereby obtaining the desired rubber filler product ;

其中所述助剂选自以下物质中的一种或混合物,且其加入量占干燥后的热解碳的质量占比为3‰~1%:三乙醇胺、二甘醇胺、2-羟基乙胺、十一烯醛、聚酰胺树脂、甘油、聚乙烯蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡、邻苯二甲酸、软脂酸。Wherein the auxiliary agent is selected from one or a mixture of the following substances, and its addition amount accounts for 3‰~1% of the mass of the dried pyrolytic carbon: triethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine, 2-hydroxyethyl alcohol Amine, undecylenal, polyamide resin, glycerin, polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, phthalic acid, palmitic acid.

作为进一步优选地,在步骤(b)中,优选采取外部热源对所述反应器进行加热;所述传热介质球优选经外置加热后送入所述反应器中,并且这些传热介质球优选被加热至500℃~1100℃的温度。As a further preference, in step (b), an external heat source is preferably used to heat the reactor; the heat transfer medium balls are preferably sent into the reactor after external heating, and these heat transfer medium balls It is preferably heated to a temperature of 500°C to 1100°C.

作为进一步优选地,在步骤(b)中,所生成的目标热解碳中包含有烃基、酯基等亲油基团以及羟基、羧基等亲水基团,以此方式促进聚合物基质界面与碳酸钙表面的偶联,并可省去碳酸钙的改性处理工艺。As a further preference, in step (b), the generated target pyrolytic carbon contains lipophilic groups such as hydrocarbon groups and ester groups and hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups and carboxyl groups, so as to promote the interface between the polymer matrix and the polymer matrix in this way. Coupling of calcium carbonate surface, and the modification process of calcium carbonate can be omitted.

作为进一步优选地,在步骤(c)中,优选采用超声清洗的方式对目标热解碳进行清洗,并且超声频率设定为30kHz~90kHz,清洗时间为1h~9h。As a further preference, in step (c), the target pyrolytic carbon is preferably cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning, and the ultrasonic frequency is set to 30kHz-90kHz, and the cleaning time is 1h-9h.

作为进一步优选地,在步骤(c)中,充分研磨后优选得到平均粒径为25μm~30μm的最终产物。As a further preference, in step (c), a final product with an average particle size of 25 μm˜30 μm is preferably obtained after sufficient grinding.

作为进一步优选地,所获得的橡胶填料优选以1phr~12phr的掺入量来制备橡胶。As a further preference, the obtained rubber filler is preferably used in an amount of 1 phr to 12 phr to prepare rubber.

按照本发明的另一方面,还提供了相应的橡胶填料产品。According to another aspect of the present invention, a corresponding rubber filler product is also provided.

作为进一步优选地,上述橡胶填料产品中,碳酸钙粒径为纳米级别,并且不易发生团聚现象。As a further preference, in the above-mentioned rubber filler product, the particle size of calcium carbonate is nano-scale, and the phenomenon of agglomeration is not easy to occur.

作为进一步优选地,上述橡胶填料产品的比表面积为30m2/g以上。As a further preference, the specific surface area of the above rubber filler product is 30 m 2 /g or more.

总体而言,通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案与现有技术相比,主要具备以下的技术优点:In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention mainly have the following technical advantages:

1、本发明通过引入虾蟹基壳体作为碳酸钙来源,并根据虾蟹壳的成分与结构特性针对性设计热解工艺路线来进行处理,热解产物为富含纳米级碳酸钙的热解碳,以及具有偶联作用的有机基团,相应为制备化产品提供了新的技术方向;1. In the present invention, the shrimp and crab shells are introduced as the source of calcium carbonate, and the pyrolysis process route is designed according to the composition and structural characteristics of the shrimp and crab shells. The pyrolysis product is a pyrolysis product rich in nanoscale calcium carbonate. Carbon, as well as organic groups with coupling effect, correspondingly provide a new technical direction for the preparation of chemical products;

2、尤其是,通过对热解工艺路线中关键参数及操作步骤的重新设计,热解碳中有机物的分布导致碳酸钙在结晶过程中被分隔,结晶后的碳酸钙粒径可以达到纳米级别,并且在热解碳中有很好的分散性,不易发生团聚现象;碳酸钙和有机物的结合可分别保证材料的高刚度和高韧性,以此提高材料的适用范围;2. In particular, by redesigning the key parameters and operating steps in the pyrolysis process route, the distribution of organic matter in the pyrolysis carbon causes calcium carbonate to be separated during the crystallization process, and the particle size of the crystallized calcium carbonate can reach nanometer level, In addition, it has good dispersibility in pyrolytic carbon, and is not easy to agglomerate; the combination of calcium carbonate and organic matter can respectively ensure high stiffness and high toughness of the material, thereby improving the application range of the material;

3、另一方面,由于热解反应过程中的半焦与挥发分发生交互作用,来自挥发分二次反应的氢自由基在半焦中占据多类活性位点,促使甲壳素、氨基酸、脂质等有机物发生分解与重整,同时虾壳中的无机组分起到一定催化作用,最终生成的残余有机物中含有烃基、酯基等亲油基团以及羟基、羧基等亲水基团,可有效促使聚合物基质界面与碳酸钙表面的偶联;与未改性的纳米碳酸钙相比,热解碳作为填料省去了改性的步骤,提高生产效率,降低生产成本。3. On the other hand, due to the interaction between the semi-coke and the volatiles during the pyrolysis reaction, the hydrogen radicals from the secondary reaction of the volatiles occupy various active sites in the semi-coke, which promotes chitin, amino acids, lipids, etc. At the same time, the inorganic components in the shrimp shell play a certain catalytic role, and the final residual organic matter contains lipophilic groups such as hydrocarbon groups and ester groups, as well as hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, which can Effectively promote the coupling between the polymer matrix interface and the calcium carbonate surface; compared with unmodified nano-calcium carbonate, pyrolytic carbon as a filler eliminates the modification step, improves production efficiency and reduces production costs.

4、按照本发明所制备的虾蟹生物基橡胶填料与普通碳酸钙填料相比,纳米粒子填料的比表面积显著增大,这有利于填料和聚合物基质之间的强界面结合,进而改善的聚合物性能;此外,本发明中通过加入特殊助剂,实际测试表明还可以有效提升橡胶的刚度、拉伸强度、渗透性、阻燃性和耐热性等性能。4. Compared with the ordinary calcium carbonate filler, the shrimp and crab bio-based rubber filler prepared according to the present invention has a significantly larger specific surface area of the nanoparticle filler, which is beneficial to the strong interfacial bonding between the filler and the polymer matrix, thereby improving the Polymer properties; in addition, by adding special additives in the present invention, actual tests show that the properties such as stiffness, tensile strength, permeability, flame retardancy and heat resistance of rubber can also be effectively improved.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是按照本发明所构建的以虾蟹基壳体为例的热解制备橡胶填料方法的整体工艺流程示意图。1 is a schematic diagram of the overall process flow of the method for preparing rubber fillers by pyrolysis, which is constructed according to the present invention, taking shrimp and crab-based shells as an example.

具体实施方式Detailed ways

为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合附图及实施例,对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。此外,下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

图1是按照本发明所构建的热解制备橡胶填料方法的整体工艺流程示意图。如图1所示,本发明通过对整个工艺过程的处理方式、反应机理及多个关键参数等方面进行研究和改进,相应与现有工艺相比可显著提高最终所获得填料产物的质量,同时具备反应条件易于调控、效率高、成本低等优点。此外,还有助于有效减少虾蟹壳的弃置而引起的环境污染,实现资源化综合利用。FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall process flow of the method for preparing rubber fillers by pyrolysis constructed according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention can significantly improve the quality of the final obtained filler product compared with the existing technology by researching and improving the treatment mode, reaction mechanism and multiple key parameters of the entire process. It has the advantages of easy regulation of reaction conditions, high efficiency and low cost. In addition, it also helps to effectively reduce the environmental pollution caused by the disposal of shrimp and crab shells, and realize the comprehensive utilization of resources.

按照本发明的基本构思,基于虾蟹基壳体热解制备橡胶填料的方法主要包括下列步骤:According to the basic concept of the present invention, the method for preparing rubber filler based on the pyrolysis of shrimp and crab base shell mainly comprises the following steps:

首先,是虾蟹壳体的预处理步骤。First, it is the pretreatment step of shrimp and crab shells.

将虾蟹基壳体清洗后进行破碎处理,得到平均尺寸为0.5cm~2cm的壳体破碎料;The shrimp and crab base shells are cleaned and then crushed to obtain shell crushed materials with an average size of 0.5 cm to 2 cm;

接着,是目标热解碳的制备步骤。Next, is the preparation step of the target pyrolytic carbon.

将壳体破碎料放入内置有传热介质球的反应器中,并在惰性气体保护下进行热解处理,其中反应器内部温度被设定为300℃~1000℃,热解时间被设定为20min~24h。The shell crushed material is put into a reactor with a built-in heat transfer medium ball, and the pyrolysis treatment is carried out under the protection of inert gas, wherein the internal temperature of the reactor is set to 300℃~1000℃, and the pyrolysis time is set For 20min ~ 24h.

在此过程中,壳体破碎料受热分解为半焦成分和挥发分,该半焦成分随着所述反应器内的扬料板一同运动,并受到传热介质球的不断碰击和辅助传热,同时与该挥发分进行交互反应,最终生成目标热解碳。During this process, the shell crushed material is thermally decomposed into semi-coke components and volatile components. The semi-coke components move together with the lifting plate in the reactor, and are continuously impacted and assisted by the heat transfer medium balls. heat, while interacting with the volatiles, and finally generating the target pyrolytic carbon.

最后,是热解碳的清洗、干燥与研磨处理步骤。Finally, there are the steps of cleaning, drying and grinding the pyrolytic carbon.

将所生成的目标热解碳依次使用有机溶剂和去离子水进行清洗,并过滤得到干净的热解碳;将此热解碳置于50℃~105℃的烘箱中干燥一定时间,使其含水率低于5%,接着将干燥的热解碳置于研磨机中并加入助剂,充分研磨得到平均粒径为3μm~50μm的最终产物,由此获得所需的橡胶填料产品;The generated target pyrolytic carbon is washed with organic solvent and deionized water in turn, and filtered to obtain clean pyrolytic carbon; the pyrolytic carbon is dried in an oven at 50°C to 105°C for a certain period of time to make it water-containing. If the ratio is less than 5%, then the dry pyrolytic carbon is placed in a grinding machine and additives are added to fully grind to obtain a final product with an average particle size of 3 μm to 50 μm, thereby obtaining the desired rubber filler product;

其中所述助剂选自以下物质中的一种或混合物,且其加入量占干燥后的热解碳的质量百分比为3‰~1%:三乙醇胺、二甘醇胺、2-羟基乙胺、十一烯醛、聚酰胺树脂、甘油、聚乙烯蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡、邻苯二甲酸、软脂酸。Wherein the auxiliary agent is selected from one or a mixture of the following substances, and its addition amount accounts for 3‰~1% of the mass percentage of the dried pyrolytic carbon: triethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine, 2-hydroxyethylamine , Undecenal, polyamide resin, glycerin, polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, phthalic acid, palmitic acid.

下面将通过一些具体实施例,来更为清楚地解释说明本发明。The present invention will be more clearly explained by some specific embodiments below.

实施例1Example 1

(1)壳体预处理:用清水清洗虾壳后,对其进行破碎处理,得到粒径在0.5~1cm的壳粉样品;(1) Shell pretreatment: after washing the shrimp shell with clean water, it is subjected to crushing treatment to obtain a shell powder sample with a particle size of 0.5 to 1 cm;

(2)热解壳粉样品制备热解碳:通过外部热源加热置于反应器中的壳粉样品,并通过程序控制反应器内部温度为450℃、传热介质球温度约为570℃、热解时间为8h;热解开始前向反应器通入过量惰性气体以排出空气,反应开始后停止通气,壳体破碎料受热分解为半焦成分和挥发分,该半焦成分随着所述反应器内的扬料板一同运动,并受到传热介质球的不断碰击和辅助传热,同时与该挥发分进行交互反应,最终生成目标热解碳;(2) Preparation of pyrolytic carbon by pyrolyzing the shell powder sample: heating the shell powder sample placed in the reactor by an external heat source, and controlling the internal temperature of the reactor to be 450 °C, the temperature of the heat transfer medium bulb is about 570 °C, and the heat The decomposition time is 8h; before the pyrolysis starts, an excess of inert gas is introduced into the reactor to discharge air, and the ventilation is stopped after the reaction starts, and the shell crushed material is decomposed into semi-coke components and volatile components by heating, and the semi-coke components follow the reaction. The lifting plate in the device moves together, and is continuously impacted by the heat transfer medium ball and assists heat transfer, and at the same time interacts with the volatile matter, and finally generates the target pyrolytic carbon;

(3)热解碳的清洗处理:首先使用有机溶剂清洗附着在热解碳表面的少量焦油,再使用去离子水清洗热解碳表面的残余有机溶剂;清洗过程在超声波清洗机上进行,频率为30kHz,清洗时间均为9h;(3) Cleaning treatment of pyrolytic carbon: first, use an organic solvent to clean a small amount of tar attached to the surface of the pyrolytic carbon, and then use deionized water to clean the residual organic solvent on the surface of the pyrolytic carbon; the cleaning process is carried out on an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 30kHz, cleaning time is 9h;

(4)热解碳的干燥与研磨处理:过滤清洗剂,得到干净的热解碳,将热解碳置于105℃的烘箱中,干燥后其含水率低于2%;将干燥的热解碳置于研磨机中,加入3‰的三乙醇胺助剂后,充分研磨12h得到粒径为3~6μm的热解碳样品;作为橡胶配方时该填料掺入量控制为8phr。(4) Drying and grinding treatment of pyrolytic carbon: filter the cleaning agent to obtain clean pyrolytic carbon, put the pyrolytic carbon in an oven at 105°C, and its moisture content is lower than 2% after drying; The carbon is placed in a grinding machine, and after adding 3‰ of triethanolamine auxiliary, it is fully ground for 12 hours to obtain a pyrolytic carbon sample with a particle size of 3-6 μm; when used as a rubber formulation, the filler content is controlled at 8 phr.

对实施例1中掺入热解碳填料的橡胶进行性能测试,其密度、硬度、拉伸强度、扯断伸长率见表1。The properties of the rubber mixed with the pyrolytic carbon filler in Example 1 were tested, and its density, hardness, tensile strength, and elongation at break are shown in Table 1.

表1橡胶性能参数表Table 1 Rubber performance parameter table

性能指标Performance 密度density 硬度hardness 拉伸强度Tensile Strength 扯断伸长率Elongation at break 单位unit g/cm<sup>3</sup>g/cm<sup>3</sup> 邵氏A度Shore A degree MpaMpa % 国家标准National standard GB4472-84GB4472-84 GB/T531-1999GB/T531-1999 GB/T528-1998GB/T528-1998 GB/T528-1998GB/T528-1998 实施例1Example 1 1.651.65 7878 4.504.50 500500

实施例2Example 2

(1)壳体预处理:用清水清洗虾壳后,对其进行破碎处理,得到粒径在1~2cm的壳粉样品;(1) Shell pretreatment: after washing the shrimp shell with clean water, it is subjected to crushing treatment to obtain a shell powder sample with a particle size of 1 to 2 cm;

(2)热解壳粉样品制备热解碳:通过外部热源加热置于反应器中的壳粉样品,并通过程序控制反应器内部温度为300℃、传热介质球温度约为500℃、热解时间为24h;热解开始前向反应器通入过量惰性气体以排出空气,反应开始后停止通气,壳体破碎料受热分解为半焦成分和挥发分,该半焦成分随着所述反应器内的扬料板一同运动,并受到传热介质球的不断碰击和辅助传热,同时与该挥发分进行交互反应,最终生成目标热解碳;(2) Pyrolysis of shell powder samples to prepare pyrolytic carbon: the shell powder samples placed in the reactor are heated by an external heat source, and the internal temperature of the reactor is controlled by a program to be 300 °C, the heat transfer medium bulb temperature is about 500 °C, and the heat The decomposition time is 24h; before the pyrolysis begins, an excess of inert gas is introduced into the reactor to discharge air, and the ventilation is stopped after the reaction begins, and the shell crushed material is decomposed into semi-coke components and volatiles by heating, and the semi-coke components follow the reaction. The lifting plate in the device moves together, and is continuously impacted by the heat transfer medium ball and assists heat transfer, and at the same time interacts with the volatile matter, and finally generates the target pyrolytic carbon;

(3)热解碳的清洗处理:首先使用有机溶剂清洗附着在热解碳表面的少量焦油,再使用去离子水清洗热解碳表面的残余有机溶剂;清洗过程在超声波清洗机上进行,频率为40kHz,清洗时间均为7h;(3) Cleaning treatment of pyrolytic carbon: first, use an organic solvent to clean a small amount of tar attached to the surface of the pyrolytic carbon, and then use deionized water to clean the residual organic solvent on the surface of the pyrolytic carbon; the cleaning process is carried out on an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 40kHz, cleaning time is 7h;

(4)热解碳的干燥与研磨处理:过滤清洗剂,得到干净的热解碳,将热解碳置于105℃的烘箱中,干燥后其含水率低于2%;将干燥的热解碳置于研磨机中,加入20‰的二甘醇胺助剂后,充分研磨10h得到粒径为6~12μm的热解碳样品;作为橡胶配方时该填料掺入量控制为12phr。(4) Drying and grinding treatment of pyrolytic carbon: filter the cleaning agent to obtain clean pyrolytic carbon, put the pyrolytic carbon in an oven at 105°C, and its moisture content is lower than 2% after drying; The carbon was placed in a grinding machine, and after adding 20‰ of diethylene glycol amine auxiliary, it was fully ground for 10 hours to obtain a pyrolytic carbon sample with a particle size of 6-12 μm; when used as a rubber formulation, the filler content was controlled to be 12 phr.

实施例3Example 3

(1)壳体预处理:用清水清洗蟹壳后,对其进行破碎处理,得到粒径在1~1.5cm的壳粉样品;(1) Shell pretreatment: after cleaning the crab shell with clean water, it is subjected to crushing treatment to obtain a shell powder sample with a particle size of 1 to 1.5 cm;

(2)热解壳粉样品制备热解碳:通过外部热源加热置于反应器中的壳粉样品,并通过程序控制反应器内部温度为600℃、传热介质球温度约为660℃、热解时间为5.5h;热解开始前向反应器通入过量惰性气体以排出空气,反应开始后停止通气,壳体破碎料受热分解为半焦成分和挥发分,该半焦成分随着所述反应器内的扬料板一同运动,并受到传热介质球的不断碰击和辅助传热,同时与该挥发分进行交互反应,最终生成目标热解碳;(2) Pyrolysis of shell powder samples to prepare pyrolytic carbon: the shell powder samples placed in the reactor are heated by an external heat source, and the internal temperature of the reactor is controlled by a program to be 600 °C, the temperature of the heat transfer medium ball is about 660 °C, and the heat The decomposition time is 5.5h; before the pyrolysis starts, an excess of inert gas is introduced into the reactor to exhaust air, and the ventilation is stopped after the reaction starts, and the shell crushed material is decomposed into semi-coke components and volatile components by heating, and the semi-coke components are decomposed into semi-coke components and volatile components with the The lifting plate in the reactor moves together, and is continuously hit by the heat transfer medium ball and assists heat transfer, and at the same time interacts with the volatile matter, and finally generates the target pyrolysis carbon;

(3)热解碳的清洗处理:首先使用有机溶剂清洗附着在热解碳表面的少量焦油,再使用去离子水清洗热解碳表面的残余有机溶剂;清洗过程在超声波清洗机上进行,频率为50kHz,清洗时间均为5h;(3) Cleaning treatment of pyrolytic carbon: first, use an organic solvent to clean a small amount of tar attached to the surface of the pyrolytic carbon, and then use deionized water to clean the residual organic solvent on the surface of the pyrolytic carbon; the cleaning process is carried out on an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 50kHz, cleaning time is 5h;

(4)热解碳的干燥与研磨处理:过滤清洗剂,得到干净的热解碳,将热解碳置于105℃的烘箱中,干燥后其含水率低于2%;将干燥的热解碳置于研磨机中,加入80‰的2-羟基乙胺助剂后,充分研磨8h得到粒径为12~20μm的热解碳样品;作为橡胶配方时该填料掺入量控制为9phr。(4) Drying and grinding treatment of pyrolytic carbon: filter the cleaning agent to obtain clean pyrolytic carbon, put the pyrolytic carbon in an oven at 105°C, and its moisture content is lower than 2% after drying; The carbon was placed in a grinding machine, and 80‰ of 2-hydroxyethylamine was added, and then fully ground for 8 hours to obtain a pyrolytic carbon sample with a particle size of 12-20 μm; as a rubber formulation, the filler content was controlled at 9 phr.

实施例4Example 4

(1)壳体预处理:用清水清洗蟹壳后,对其进行破碎处理,得到粒径在1~2cm的壳粉样品;(1) Shell pretreatment: after cleaning the crab shell with clean water, it is subjected to crushing treatment to obtain a shell powder sample with a particle size of 1 to 2 cm;

(2)热解壳粉样品制备热解碳:通过外部热源加热置于反应器中的壳粉样品,并通过程序控制反应器内部温度为710℃、传热介质球温度约为780℃、热解时间为3.5h;热解开始前向反应器通入过量惰性气体以排出空气,反应开始后停止通气,壳体破碎料受热分解为半焦成分和挥发分,该半焦成分随着所述反应器内的扬料板一同运动,并受到传热介质球的不断碰击和辅助传热,同时与该挥发分进行交互反应,最终生成目标热解碳;(2) Preparation of pyrolytic carbon by pyrolyzing the shell powder sample: heating the shell powder sample placed in the reactor by an external heat source, and controlling the internal temperature of the reactor to be 710 °C, the temperature of the heat transfer medium bulb is about 780 °C, and the heat The decomposition time is 3.5h; before the pyrolysis starts, an excess of inert gas is introduced into the reactor to discharge air, and the ventilation is stopped after the reaction starts, and the shell crushed material is decomposed into semi-coke components and volatile components by heating. The lifting plate in the reactor moves together, and is continuously hit by the heat transfer medium ball and assists heat transfer, and at the same time interacts with the volatile matter, and finally generates the target pyrolysis carbon;

(3)热解碳的清洗处理:首先使用有机溶剂清洗附着在热解碳表面的少量焦油,再使用去离子水清洗热解碳表面的残余有机溶剂;清洗过程在超声波清洗机上进行,频率为70kHz,清洗时间均为4h;(3) Cleaning treatment of pyrolytic carbon: first, use an organic solvent to clean a small amount of tar attached to the surface of the pyrolytic carbon, and then use deionized water to clean the residual organic solvent on the surface of the pyrolytic carbon; the cleaning process is carried out on an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 70kHz, cleaning time is 4h;

(4)热解碳的干燥与研磨处理:过滤清洗剂,得到干净的热解碳,将热解碳置于50℃的烘箱中,干燥后其含水率低于5%;将干燥的热解碳置于研磨机中,加入0.1%的十一烯醛与聚酰胺树脂复配而成的助剂后,充分研磨6h得到粒径为20~25μm的热解碳样品;作为橡胶配方时该填料掺入量控制为6phr。(4) Drying and grinding treatment of pyrolytic carbon: filter the cleaning agent to obtain clean pyrolytic carbon, put the pyrolytic carbon in an oven at 50°C, and its moisture content is lower than 5% after drying; The carbon is placed in a grinding machine, and after adding 0.1% of undecylenal and polyamide resin as an auxiliary, it is fully ground for 6 hours to obtain a pyrolytic carbon sample with a particle size of 20 to 25 μm; when used as a rubber formulation, the filler The amount of incorporation was controlled at 6 phr.

实施例5Example 5

(1)壳体预处理:用清水清洗虾、蟹壳各占50%的混合物后,对其进行破碎处理,得到粒径在0.5~1.5cm的壳粉样品;(1) Shell pretreatment: After washing the mixture of shrimp and crab shells each accounting for 50% with clean water, it is crushed to obtain a shell powder sample with a particle size of 0.5 to 1.5 cm;

(2)热解壳粉样品制备热解碳:通过外部热源加热置于反应器中的壳粉样品,并通过程序控制反应器内部温度为750℃、传热介质球温度约为800℃、热解时间为1.5h;热解开始前向反应器通入过量惰性气体以排出空气,反应开始后停止通气,壳体破碎料受热分解为半焦成分和挥发分,该半焦成分随着所述反应器内的扬料板一同运动,并受到传热介质球的不断碰击和辅助传热,同时与该挥发分进行交互反应,最终生成目标热解碳;(2) Pyrolysis of shell powder samples to prepare pyrolytic carbon: the shell powder samples placed in the reactor are heated by an external heat source, and the internal temperature of the reactor is controlled by a program to be 750 °C, the temperature of the heat transfer medium ball is about 800 °C, and the heat The decomposition time is 1.5h; before the pyrolysis starts, an excess of inert gas is introduced into the reactor to discharge air, and the ventilation is stopped after the reaction starts, and the shell crushed material is decomposed into semi-coke components and volatile components by heating. The lifting plate in the reactor moves together, and is continuously hit by the heat transfer medium ball and assists heat transfer, and at the same time interacts with the volatile matter, and finally generates the target pyrolysis carbon;

(3)热解碳的清洗处理:首先使用有机溶剂清洗附着在热解碳表面的少量焦油,再使用去离子水清洗热解碳表面的残余有机溶剂;清洗过程在超声波清洗机上进行,频率为80kHz,清洗时间均为3h;(3) Cleaning treatment of pyrolytic carbon: first, use an organic solvent to clean a small amount of tar attached to the surface of the pyrolytic carbon, and then use deionized water to clean the residual organic solvent on the surface of the pyrolytic carbon; the cleaning process is carried out on an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 80kHz, cleaning time is 3h;

(4)热解碳的干燥与研磨处理:过滤清洗剂,得到干净的热解碳,将热解碳置于50℃的烘箱中,干燥后其含水率低于5%;将干燥的热解碳置于研磨机中,加入0.5%的甘油与聚乙烯蜡复配而成的助剂后,充分研磨5h得到粒径为25~30μm的热解碳样品;作为橡胶配方时该填料掺入量控制为4phr。(4) Drying and grinding treatment of pyrolytic carbon: filter the cleaning agent to obtain clean pyrolytic carbon, put the pyrolytic carbon in an oven at 50°C, and its moisture content is lower than 5% after drying; The carbon is placed in a grinding machine, after adding 0.5% of glycerol and polyethylene wax as an additive, fully ground for 5 hours to obtain a pyrolytic carbon sample with a particle size of 25-30 μm; as a rubber formulation, the amount of the filler added Control is 4phr.

实施例6Example 6

(1)壳体预处理:用清水清洗虾、蟹壳各占50%的混合物后,对其进行破碎处理,得到粒径在1.5~2cm的壳粉样品;(1) Shell pretreatment: after washing the mixture of shrimp and crab shells each accounting for 50% with clean water, it is crushed to obtain a shell powder sample with a particle size of 1.5 to 2 cm;

(2)热解壳粉样品制备热解碳:通过外部热源加热置于反应器中的壳粉样品,并通过程序控制反应器内部温度为1000℃、传热介质球温度约为1100℃、热解时间为20min;热解开始前向反应器通入过量惰性气体以排出空气,反应开始后停止通气,壳体破碎料受热分解为半焦成分和挥发分,该半焦成分随着所述反应器内的扬料板一同运动,并受到传热介质球的不断碰击和辅助传热,同时与该挥发分进行交互反应,最终生成目标热解碳;(2) Pyrolysis of shell powder samples to prepare pyrolytic carbon: the shell powder samples placed in the reactor are heated by an external heat source, and the internal temperature of the reactor is controlled by a program to be 1000 °C, the heat transfer medium bulb temperature is about 1100 °C, and the heat The decomposition time is 20min; before the pyrolysis begins, an excess of inert gas is introduced into the reactor to discharge air, and the ventilation is stopped after the reaction begins, and the shell crushed material is decomposed into semi-coke components and volatiles by heating, and the semi-coke components follow the reaction. The lifting plate in the device moves together, and is continuously impacted by the heat transfer medium ball and assists heat transfer, and at the same time interacts with the volatile matter, and finally generates the target pyrolytic carbon;

(3)热解碳的清洗处理:首先使用有机溶剂清洗附着在热解碳表面的少量焦油,再使用去离子水清洗热解碳表面的残余有机溶剂;清洗过程在超声波清洗机上进行,频率为90kHz,清洗时间均为1h;(3) Cleaning treatment of pyrolytic carbon: first, use an organic solvent to clean a small amount of tar attached to the surface of the pyrolytic carbon, and then use deionized water to clean the residual organic solvent on the surface of the pyrolytic carbon; the cleaning process is carried out on an ultrasonic cleaner with a frequency of 90kHz, cleaning time is 1h;

(4)热解碳的干燥与研磨处理:过滤清洗剂,得到干净的热解碳,将热解碳置于50℃的烘箱中,干燥后其含水率低于5%;将干燥的热解碳置于研磨机中,加入1%的氧化聚乙烯蜡、邻苯二甲酸和软脂酸复配而成的助剂后,充分研磨4h得到粒径为30~50μm的热解碳样品;作为橡胶配方时该填料掺入量控制为1phr。(4) Drying and grinding treatment of pyrolytic carbon: filter the cleaning agent to obtain clean pyrolytic carbon, put the pyrolytic carbon in an oven at 50°C, and its moisture content is lower than 5% after drying; The carbon was placed in a grinding machine, and after adding 1% oxidized polyethylene wax, phthalic acid and palmitic acid, the auxiliary agent was fully ground for 4 hours to obtain a pyrolytic carbon sample with a particle size of 30-50 μm; In the rubber formulation, the filler content is controlled to be 1 phr.

本领域的技术人员容易理解,以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, etc., All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1.一种基于虾蟹基壳体热解制备橡胶填料的方法,其特征在于,该方法包括下列步骤:1. a method for preparing rubber filler based on shrimp and crab base shell pyrolysis, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps: (a)虾蟹壳的预处理步骤(a) Pretreatment steps of shrimp and crab shells 将虾蟹基壳体清洗后进行破碎处理,得到平均尺寸为0.5cm~2cm的壳体破碎料;The shrimp and crab base shells are cleaned and then crushed to obtain shell crushed materials with an average size of 0.5 cm to 2 cm; (b)目标热解碳的制备步骤(b) Preparation steps of target pyrolytic carbon 将壳体破碎料放入内置有传热介质球的反应器中,并在惰性气体保护下进行热解处理,其中反应器内部温度被设定为300℃~1000℃,热解时间被设定为20min~24h;The shell crushed material is put into a reactor with a built-in heat transfer medium ball, and the pyrolysis treatment is carried out under the protection of inert gas, wherein the internal temperature of the reactor is set to 300℃~1000℃, and the pyrolysis time is set 20min~24h; 在此过程中,壳体破碎料受热分解为半焦成分和挥发分,该半焦成分随着所述反应器内的扬料板一同运动,并受到传热介质球的不断碰击和辅助传热,同时与该挥发分进行交互反应,最终生成目标热解碳;During this process, the shell crushed material is thermally decomposed into semi-coke components and volatile components. The semi-coke components move together with the lifting plate in the reactor, and are continuously impacted and assisted by the heat transfer medium balls. heat, and at the same time interact with the volatile matter, and finally generate the target pyrolytic carbon; (c)热解碳的清洗、干燥与研磨处理步骤(c) Cleaning, drying and grinding treatment steps of pyrolytic carbon 将步骤(b)所生成的目标热解碳依次使用有机溶剂和去离子水进行清洗,并过滤得到干净的热解碳;将此热解碳置于50℃~105℃的烘箱中干燥一定时间,使其含水率低于5%,接着将干燥的热解碳置于研磨机中并加入助剂,充分研磨得到平均粒径为3μm~50μm的最终产物,由此获得所需的橡胶填料产品;The target pyrolytic carbon generated in step (b) is washed with organic solvent and deionized water in turn, and filtered to obtain clean pyrolytic carbon; the pyrolytic carbon is placed in an oven at 50°C to 105°C to dry for a certain period of time. , so that the moisture content is lower than 5%, then the dry pyrolytic carbon is placed in a grinder and additives are added to fully grind to obtain a final product with an average particle size of 3 μm to 50 μm, thereby obtaining the desired rubber filler product ; 其中,所述助剂选自三乙醇胺、二甘醇胺、2-羟基乙胺、十一烯醛、聚酰胺树脂、甘油、聚乙烯蜡、氧化聚乙烯蜡、邻苯二甲酸、软脂酸中的一种或混合物,且其加入量占干燥后的热解碳的质量占比为3‰~1%。Wherein, the auxiliary agent is selected from triethanolamine, diethylene glycol amine, 2-hydroxyethylamine, undecylenal, polyamide resin, glycerin, polyethylene wax, oxidized polyethylene wax, phthalic acid, palmitic acid One or a mixture of them, and the added amount accounts for 3‰ to 1% of the mass of the dried pyrolytic carbon. 2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(b)中,采取外部热源对所述反应器进行加热;所述传热介质球经外置加热后送入所述反应器中,并且这些传热介质球被加热至500℃~1100℃的温度。2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein in step (b), an external heat source is used to heat the reactor; the heat transfer medium balls are externally heated and then fed into the reactor. 3 . and these heat transfer medium balls are heated to a temperature of 500°C to 1100°C. 3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(b)中,所生成的目标热解碳中包含有烃基或酯基的亲油基团以及羟基或羧基的亲水基团,以此方式促进聚合物基质界面与碳酸钙表面的偶联,并可省去碳酸钙的改性处理工艺。3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in step (b), the generated target pyrolytic carbon contains a lipophilic group of a hydrocarbon group or an ester group and a hydrophilic group of a hydroxyl group or a carboxyl group In this way, the coupling between the polymer matrix interface and the calcium carbonate surface can be promoted, and the modification treatment process of calcium carbonate can be omitted. 4.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(c)中,采用超声清洗的方式对目标热解碳进行清洗,并且超声频率设定为30kHz~90kHz,清洗时间为1h~9h。4 . The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (c), the target pyrolytic carbon is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning, and the ultrasonic frequency is set to 30 kHz to 90 kHz, and the cleaning time is 1 h to 1 h. 5 . 9h. 5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在步骤(c)中,充分研磨后得到平均粒径为25μm~30μm的最终产物。5 . The method of claim 1 , wherein in step (c), a final product with an average particle size of 25 μm to 30 μm is obtained after sufficient grinding. 6 . 6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所获得的橡胶填料以1phr~12phr的掺入量来制备橡胶。6 . The method of claim 1 , wherein the rubber filler is prepared in an amount of 1 phr to 12 phr. 7 . 7.一种橡胶填料产品,其采用如权利要求1-6任一项所述的方法而制备。7. A rubber filler product prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-6. 8.如权利要求7所述的橡胶填料产品,其特征在于,所述橡胶填料产品中,碳酸钙粒径为纳米级别,并且不易发生团聚现象。8 . The rubber filler product according to claim 7 , wherein, in the rubber filler product, the particle size of calcium carbonate is nano-scale, and agglomeration is not easy to occur. 9 . 9.如权利要求7所述的橡胶填料产品,其特征在于,所述橡胶填料产品的比表面积为30m2/g以上。9 . The rubber filler product according to claim 7 , wherein the specific surface area of the rubber filler product is 30 m 2 /g or more. 10 .
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