CN110054579B - 一种4 - (1-h吲哚)苯酚衍生物的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种4 - (1-h吲哚)苯酚衍生物的制备方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/04—Antibacterial agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
- C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
- C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
- C07D209/12—Radicals substituted by oxygen atoms
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- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种4‑(1‑H吲哚)苯酚衍生物、其制备方法和应用,其结构通式(I)如下:其中R为氢、卤原子、甲基、甲氧基、硝基、甲酯基、苄氧基等。本发明涉及的衍生物具有较好的抑制MRSA(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌的活性。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化工技术领域,具体来说涉及4 - (1-H吲哚)苯酚衍生物,同时还涉及该4 - (1-H吲哚)苯酚衍生物的制备方法,以及该4 - (1-H吲哚)苯酚衍生物在抑制人体细菌方面的应用。
背景技术
抗生素的发现被认为是现代医学最重要的突破之一,但近年来由于抗生素的滥用,使得细菌耐药性的日益严重,大多数抗生素的药效在逐渐降低。据统计欧洲每年有 2万多人死于耐药菌感染,美国每年有超过 6 万人死于医院内的耐药菌感染,而在中国,细菌耐药问题甚至更为严重。
目前,主要有三类超级耐药细菌威胁着人类的身体健康,第一类是 MRSA (耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌),它不但对甲氧西林具有耐药性,而且也对绝大多数β-内酰胺类抗生素具有耐药性,并可对氨基糖苷类、氯霉素、林可霉素、四环素、大环内酯类及喹诺酮类等常用的抗生素产生多重耐药性;第二类是多药耐药和广泛耐药的革兰氏阴性菌,这些菌株包括鲍曼不动杆菌、大肠杆菌、肺炎克雷伯菌和铜绿假单胞菌等,他们对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、碳青霉烯类、单环类酰胺、喹诺酮类、氨基糖苷类、四环素类和多粘菌素类均具有很强的耐药性;第三类是是多药耐药和广泛耐药的结核分枝杆菌,耐药结核病尤其是耐多药结核病发病率的不断上升,成为全球重大公共卫生问题和社会问题。
人类在与不同种类的耐药细菌的抗争中不断地开发出新型抗生素,抑制或者杀灭致病细菌,可是细菌总能在最短的时间内予以反应,随即便会有耐药菌株的出现。细菌耐药的不断增加,需要临床提供新的抗菌药物来进行治疗,尤其是能够杀灭耐药菌的新型抗耐药菌药物。但遗憾的是,面临日益扩张的耐药性细菌的威胁,新型抗生素的研发仍然滞后。用于治疗耐药菌的新药数量有限,加上新研制的药物大都是对临床上已有的抗菌药物进行结构修饰后得到的,容易产生新的耐药性,因此,研发具有新颖结构的抗菌药物尤其是抗耐药菌药物具有重要的意义。
吲哚衍生物具有广泛的生物活性,目前有不少报道都在围绕吲哚类似物的抗菌活性进行探索研究,如具有噻喃并吲哚母核的创新霉素是我国第一个全新抗生素,其结构新颖,毒性较小,与临床常用的抗生素无交叉耐药性,后来有很多围绕创新霉素这一母核进行其衍生物的合成及抗菌活性的研究;又如吲哚 3-位引入芳基或者杂芳基的这一简单小分子化合物,也有相应的报道研究其抗菌活性:2006年,Hiari1 Y. M.等( Hiari1 Y. M.;Qaisi1 A. M.; Mustafa M. Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of SomeSubstituted 3-(Aryl)- and 3-(Heteroaryl) indoles, Monatshefte fur Chemie,2006, 137, 243–248.)报道了部分三位被芳基或杂环芳基取代的吲哚具有抗菌活性,其中3-(4-三氟甲基-2-硝基苯)吲哚对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)和大肠杆菌的MIC值为 7 μg/mL,2009 年 Tlabo C.Leboho (Tlabo C.L.; Joseph P.M.; Willem A.L.et al.The synthesis of 2- and 3-aryl indoles and 1,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrano[4,3-b]indoles and their antibacterial and antifungal activity, Bioorganic &Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 2009,17,4948-4951.)报道了 3 位芳基取代的吲哚具有抗菌活性,同时列举了如对甲氧基苯基吲哚具有较好的抗菌活性;3位芳基取代的吲哚在其制备方法上一般是利用吲哚与卤代芳烃或芳烃硼酸在Pd催化下反应,因此,发展新的制备方法合成具有吲哚片段的的小分子化合物是抗菌药物发现的一重要源头。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种具有抗菌活性的具有吲哚片段的小分子化合物4 - (1-H吲哚)苯酚以及衍生物,并研究其抗菌活性,为抗菌新药的制备提供物质基础。
本发明一种4-(1-H 吲哚)苯酚衍生物,其结构通式如式( I )
式( I )中:R 为氢、卤原子、甲基、甲氧基、硝基、甲氧羰基、苄氧基等;所指4 -(1-H吲哚)苯酚衍生物制备方法;所指的衍生物具有抗菌活性。
上述所指的的一种4 - (1-H吲哚)苯酚衍生物,其制备方法为将相应的取代吲哚与苯醌溶于二甲基亚砜或含有二甲基亚砜的混合溶液,加入钯催化剂,40~120℃下通过或者不通过惰性气体保护进行反应,反应结束后,用柱层析分离纯化得到。
如上所述制备方法,所述取代吲哚与苯醌的摩尔比为1/1~1/6。
如上所述的制备方法,所述反应的溶剂为二甲基亚砜或含有二甲基亚砜的混合溶液。
如上所述的制备方法,所述的钯催化剂是指醋酸钯、氯化钯等含钯二价离子的钯催化剂。
如上所述的制备方法,反应温度为油浴40~120℃。
如上所述的制备方法,可通过惰性气体保护也可不通过惰性气体保护进行反应12~24h。
如上所述的制备方法,所述利用柱层析分离纯化,固定相为200-300目的柱层析硅胶,流动相为乙酸乙酯与石油醚体积比为1/6~1/8。
如上所述一种4 - (1-H吲哚)苯酚衍生物的应用,是指在制备抑制MRSA(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌药物和药剂方面的应用。
优选的制备了部分衍生物如表 1 ,其中已合成的化合物均具有较为显著的抗菌活性。
表 1:合成的部分化合物
发明效果
在本发明中的衍生物,其制备方法为首次提出,并对衍生物进行了体外的抗菌活性测试,发现对MRSA(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌均有显著的抑制作用,这也为首次报道。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实例对本发明做详细阐述,需要说明的是,下述实施例仅是用于说明,而并非用于限制本发明。本领域技术人员根据本发明的教导所做出的各种变化均应在本申请权利要求所要求的保护范围之内。
实施例1,ZL-1的制备:
制备ZL-1的技术路线为:
具体操作方法为:将吲哚234 mg(2 mmol),1,4-苯醌432 mg(4mmol),Pd(OAc)2 22.5mg(0.1 mmol)溶于DMSO(6 ml),抽去空气,用氮气保护,油浴温度为80℃反应18h。反应完全后,冷却,加3 ml水淬灭,加30 ml EtOAc搅拌后过滤掉残渣。滤液用EtOAc萃取,有机层用饱和Na2CO3溶液洗涤3次。分出有机层,用饱和食盐水溶液洗涤,有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩得粗产物,柱层析分离纯化,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为 1/8作为洗脱剂,得纯品ZL-1,棕色固体,产率89%,其数据表征见表2。
实施例 2
ZL-2的制备:
制备ZL-2的技术路线为:
具体操作方法为:将6-氟吲哚(2mmol),1,4-苯醌432mg(4mmol),Pd(OAc)2 22.5mg(0.1mmol)溶于DMSO(6ml),抽去空气,用氮气保护80℃反应18h。反应完全后,冷却,加3ml水淬灭,加30 ml EtOAc搅拌后过滤掉残渣,滤液用EtOAc萃取,有机层用饱和Na2CO3溶液洗涤3次。分离并合并有机层,用饱和食盐水洗涤,有机层用无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,减压浓缩,粗产物柱层析分离纯化,用乙酸乙酯/石油醚体积比为 1/6作为洗脱剂,得纯品ZL-2,棕色固体,产率71%,其数据表征见表2。
实施例 3
ZL-3的制备:
制备ZL-3的技术路线为:
制备方法如实施例2的条件和方法,区别在于取代吲哚用6-氯吲哚,油浴温度为100℃,得到ZL-3,白色固体,产率78%,其数据表征见表2。
实施例 4
ZL-4的制备:
制备ZL-4的技术路线为:
制备方法如实施例2的条件和方法,区别在于取代吲哚用5-溴吲哚,得到ZL-4,白色固体,产率80%,其数据表征见表2。
实施例 5
ZL-5的制备:
制备ZL-5的技术路线为:
制备方法如实施例2的条件和方法,区别在于取代吲哚用5-甲基吲哚,得到ZL-5,棕色固体,产率87%,其数据表征见表2。
实施例 6
ZL-6的制备:
制备ZL-6的技术路线为:
制备方法如实施例2的条件和方法,区别在于取代吲哚用5-甲氧基吲哚,得到ZL-6,棕色固体,产率89%,其数据表征见表2。
实施例 7
ZL-7的制备:
制备ZL-7的技术路线为:
制备方法如实施例2的条件和方法,区别在于取代吲哚用5-硝基吲哚,油浴温度为120℃,得到ZL-7,黄色固体,产率67%,其数据表征见表2。
实施例 8
ZL-8的制备:
制备ZL-8的技术路线为:
制备方法如实施例2的条件和方法,区别在于取代吲哚用5-硝基吲哚,得到ZL-8,棕色固体,产率57%,其数据表征见表2。
实施例 9
ZL-9的制备:
制备ZL-9的技术路线为:
制备方法如实施例2的条件和方法,区别在于取代吲哚用4-苄氧基吲哚,得到ZL-9,棕色固体,产率50%,其数据表征见表2。
实施例 10
ZL-10的制备:
制备ZL-10的技术路线为:
制备方法如实施例2的条件和方法,区别在于取代吲哚用5-苄氧基吲哚,得到ZL-10,棕色固体,产率50%,其数据表征见表2。
表2 实施例1-10中所制备的衍生物(ZL-1~10)的理化性质、NMR及HRMS数据
实施例例11,目标化合物对MRSA(耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌的抑制活性。
所获得的化合物对于MRSA (耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌)、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌进行抗菌活性测试,采用微量肉汤二倍稀释法进行实验获得最小抑菌浓度MIC值,其具体操作方法是:
一、菌悬液的制备:1、菌液培养:取待测菌保存液10µL加入1mLMH肉汤(可根据实际需要做调整),置37℃温箱过夜静止培养12小时左右;2、 OD600值测定:利用紫外分光光度仪测定OD值,MH肉汤调整菌液浓度使其OD600值落在0.08-0.1之间,此时菌液浓度约108cfu/mL(大约需将培养菌液稀释7-10倍左右);3、上样菌液稀释:将待测菌液在步骤②所得稀释倍数的基础上再稀释1000倍,此时菌液浓度约105 cfu/mL(即7000-10,000倍),此时的菌液即为上样菌悬液;
二、抗菌药物的制备:抗生素母液配制:参照NCCLS标准上抗菌药物相应的R(抗药)值制备待测抗菌药物(母液浓度要远远大于R值,至少160倍),分装于无菌小管置-20℃备用;
三、药敏试验的操作:1、将待测抗菌药物进行10倍稀释;2、无菌96孔板第1-11列加入灭菌MH肉汤100µL(一药一板);3、无菌96孔板第1列加入10倍稀释的药液100µL,逐次倍比稀释至第11列(每孔液体终体积是100µL);4、无菌96孔板的每一孔加入待测菌液100µL,每孔液体终体积是200µL(由于整板都是一种药物,所以96孔板的每一行可进行一种细菌的药敏试验,为了保证实验的可靠性,每株菌进行一次重复,即一株菌做两行,一块板可做四株细菌的药敏试验);5、无菌96孔板的第12列上4孔加入200µL/孔灭菌MH肉汤作为阴性对照,第12列下4孔加入200µL/孔菌液(四株菌的菌液)作为阳性对照;6、药物和菌液上样完毕后,盖好板盖,置37℃温箱培18-22小时观察结果。其MIC值见表3:
表3 化合物ZL-1~10的MIC值
化合物编号 | MIC(μmol/ml)-MASR | MIC(μmol / ml)-金黄色葡萄球菌 | MIC(μmol / ml)-枯草杆菌 |
ZL-1 | 0.299 | 0.019 | 0.009 |
ZL-2 | 0.138 | 0.068 | 0.034 |
ZL-3 | 0.064 | 0.064 | 0.016 |
ZL-4 | 0.217 | 0.006 | 0.108 |
ZL-5 | 0.140 | 0.070 | 0.035 |
ZL-6 | 0.065 | 0.008 | 0.032 |
ZL-7 | 0.246 | 0.061 | 0.123 |
ZL-8 | 0.234 | 0.468 | 0.117 |
ZL-9 | 1.587 | 0.396 | 0.793 |
ZL-10 | 0.198 | 0.099 | 0.049 |
苯唑西林 | 0.008 | 0.343 | 0.003 |
上述表3实验结果表明,对表3化合物结构与活性相关分析知,吲哚苯环上取代基的类型和位置影响化合物的抑菌活性,其中大部分的化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制活性比对照的苯唑西林好,如ZL-1~7。这一种4 - (1-H吲哚)苯酚衍生物是一类新的具有抗菌活性的衍生物,利于对耐药菌株药物的进一步研究。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,任何未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (2)
2.一种如权利要求1所述的4 - (1-H 吲哚)苯酚衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,利用所述柱层析分离纯化,固定相为200-300目的柱层析硅胶,流动相为乙酸乙酯与石油醚体积比为1/6~1/8。
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