CN110047277A - Road traffic congestion arrangement method and system based on signaling data - Google Patents
Road traffic congestion arrangement method and system based on signaling data Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法及系统，属于城市交通状态监测领域，包括：根据信令数据提取各用户在基站网络中的运动轨迹；获得路网中与各段运动轨迹最相似的目标路线；获得各目标路线被基站切换点划分所得的多个路段，并根据路段长度和基站切换时间计算各路段上所有用户的运动速度；根据目标时段内各路段的机动车车速阈值筛选出机动车车速并计算平均机动车车速；获得各路段的自由流车速，以计算目标时段内各路段的交通拥堵指数；根据路段长度将属于同一道路的所有路段的交通拥堵指数进行加权平均，以得到道路交通拥堵指数；根据道路交通拥堵指数进行道路交通拥堵排名。本发明能够实现大范围且低成本的城市交通状态检测。
The invention discloses a method and system for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data, belonging to the field of urban traffic state monitoring. The target route with the most similar motion trajectories; obtain multiple road segments divided by the base station switching points for each target route, and calculate the motion speed of all users on each road segment according to the length of the road segment and the base station switching time; The vehicle speed threshold is used to filter out the vehicle speed and calculate the average vehicle speed; obtain the free-flow vehicle speed of each road segment to calculate the traffic congestion index of each road segment within the target period; weight the traffic congestion index of all road segments belonging to the same road according to the length of the road segment Average, to get the road traffic congestion index; according to the road traffic congestion index to rank the road traffic congestion. The invention can realize large-scale and low-cost urban traffic state detection.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于城市交通状态监测领域，更具体地，涉及基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法及系统。The invention belongs to the field of urban traffic state monitoring, and more particularly, relates to a method and system for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data.
背景技术Background technique
道路交通拥堵排名是缓解交通拥堵的行之有效的方法。道路交通拥堵排名依赖于对道路交通运行情况的监测，城市交通状态监测可分为两种类型，第一种是使用传统的路边固定传感器来监控交通状况，另一种类型是大数据驱动的交通监控。其中，路边的固定传感器设备包括路感线圈，蓝牙，RFID，测速摄像头等，可以直接获得有关路段交通参数的准确信息；但是，这些传感器的覆盖范围的增加会带来设备成本的大幅增加，包括设备制造成本，设备安装成本和设备维护成本，所以基于路边传感器的交通监控通常仅限于城市道路的关键路段。大数据驱动的交通监控中，数据源可以是自浮动车轨迹数据，公共交通智能卡刷卡数据，移动电话GPS定位数据等；这些数据在城市人群的日常活动中自然产生和积累，因此不需要安装额外的设备，也不需要额外进行专门的数据采集；这些数据虽然隐含了大量与交通相关的信息，却无法直接反映道路交通状况。Road congestion rankings are a proven way to ease traffic congestion. The ranking of road traffic congestion relies on the monitoring of road traffic operation. Urban traffic status monitoring can be divided into two types. The first is to use traditional roadside fixed sensors to monitor traffic conditions, and the other type is driven by big data. Traffic monitoring. Among them, the fixed sensor devices on the roadside include road sensing coils, Bluetooth, RFID, speed cameras, etc., which can directly obtain accurate information about the traffic parameters of the road section; however, the increase in the coverage of these sensors will bring about a substantial increase in equipment costs. Including equipment manufacturing costs, equipment installation costs and equipment maintenance costs, traffic monitoring based on roadside sensors is usually limited to key sections of urban roads. In traffic monitoring driven by big data, the data sources can be self-floating vehicle trajectory data, public transportation smart card swiping data, mobile phone GPS positioning data, etc. These data are naturally generated and accumulated in the daily activities of urban people, so there is no need to install additional data. There is no need for additional special data collection; although these data contain a lot of traffic-related information, they cannot directly reflect the road traffic conditions.
在日常活动中产生的所有数据中，移动电话与其通信基础设施之间的信令数据由于其高覆盖率而在全市范围的交通监控与道路拥堵排名中很有好的应用前景。根据中国工业和信息化部的统计数据，截至2018年11月底，中国手机用户数量达到15.6亿，其他技术目前都无法提供与之同等的覆盖率。Among all the data generated in daily activities, signaling data between mobile phones and their communication infrastructure is promising for city-wide traffic monitoring and road congestion ranking due to its high coverage. According to statistics from China's Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, as of the end of November 2018, the number of mobile phone users in China reached 1.56 billion, and no other technology currently provides the same coverage.
信令数据的定位信息是是一种起源于蜂窝小区定位技术的简单手机定位方法，基于手机用户所在的基站小区ID来确定位置信息。相对其他的精确定位技术(如GPS)，该定位方法在样本量、覆盖范围以及实施成本和周期上更具有优势。基站小区覆盖范围半径在市区大约为100～500m，郊区大约为400～1000m，因此根据信令数据中的注册小区位置进行定位精度较为粗糙，无法用于交通监控。The positioning information of the signaling data is a simple mobile phone positioning method originated from the cell positioning technology, and the position information is determined based on the cell ID of the base station where the mobile phone user is located. Compared with other precise positioning technologies (such as GPS), this positioning method has more advantages in sample size, coverage, and implementation cost and cycle. The coverage radius of the base station cell is about 100-500m in urban areas and 400-1000m in suburban areas. Therefore, the positioning accuracy based on the registered cell location in the signaling data is relatively rough and cannot be used for traffic monitoring.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
针对现有技术的缺陷和改进需求，本发明提供了一种基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法及系统，其目的在于，实现大范围且低成本的城市交通状态监测。In view of the defects and improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a method and system for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data, the purpose of which is to realize large-scale and low-cost monitoring of urban traffic conditions.
为实现上述目的，按照本发明的一个方面，提供了一种基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法，包括：To achieve the above object, according to an aspect of the present invention, a method for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data is provided, including:
(1)根据目标时段内采集到的信令数据提取各用户在基站网络中的一段或多段运动轨迹；(1) According to the signaling data collected in the target time period, one or more segments of motion trajectories of each user in the base station network are extracted;
(2)获得路网中与各段运动轨迹最相似的路线，分别作为各段运动轨迹对应的目标路线；(2) Obtain the route most similar to the motion trajectory of each segment in the road network, and use it as the target route corresponding to the motion trajectory of each segment;
(3)获得各目标路线被基站切换点划分所得的多个路段，并根据路段长度和基站切换时间计算各路段上所有用户的运动速度；(3) Obtaining a plurality of road segments obtained by dividing each target route by the base station switching point, and calculating the motion speed of all users on each road segment according to the length of the road segment and the base station switching time;
(4)根据目标时段内各路段的机动车车速阈值从对应路段上所有用户的运动速度中筛选出机动车车速，以计算目标时段内各路段上的平均机动车车速；(4) According to the motor vehicle speed threshold of each road section within the target period, the motor vehicle speed is screened from the motion speeds of all users on the corresponding road section to calculate the average motor vehicle speed on each road section within the target period;
(5)获得各路段的自由流车速，以根据自由流车速和平均机动车车速计算目标时段内各路段的路段交通拥堵指数；(5) Obtain the free-flow vehicle speed of each road section to calculate the road-section traffic congestion index of each road-section within the target period according to the free-flow vehicle speed and the average motor vehicle speed;
(6)根据路段长度将属于同一道路的所有路段的交通拥堵指数进行加权平均，以得到目标时间段内各道路的道路交通拥堵指数；(6) According to the length of the road segment, the traffic congestion index of all road segments belonging to the same road is weighted and averaged to obtain the road traffic congestion index of each road in the target time period;
(7)根据道路交通拥堵指数对目标范围内的道路进行交通拥堵排名。(7) According to the road traffic congestion index, the roads within the target range are ranked by traffic congestion.
进一步地，基站网络的建立方法包括：根据基站的定位信息确定各基站的覆盖范围，分别作为对各基站对应的基站小区；由所有基站小区组成该基站网络。Further, the method for establishing a base station network includes: determining the coverage of each base station according to the positioning information of the base station, respectively serving as the base station cell corresponding to each base station; and forming the base station network from all base station cells.
进一步地，步骤(1)还包括：提取各用户在基站网络中的运动轨迹之前，对采集到的信令数据中的乒乓切换数据进行删除并对漂移数据进行纠偏，以提高道路交通拥堵排名的准确度。Further, step (1) also includes: before extracting the movement track of each user in the base station network, delete the ping-pong handover data in the collected signaling data and correct the drift data to improve the ranking of road traffic congestion. Accuracy.
进一步地，步骤(1)中，根据目标时段内采集到的信令数据提取各用户在基站网络中的一段或多段运动轨迹，包括：Further, in step (1), one or more motion trajectories of each user in the base station network are extracted according to the signaling data collected in the target period, including:
若用户在同一个基站小区内停留时间大于对应的驻留时间阈值，则判定该基站小区为一个驻留点；If the user stays in the same base station cell for longer than the corresponding dwell time threshold, it is determined that the base station cell is a dwell point;
由驻留点将各用户的运动划分为一段或多段，从而提取出各用户在基站网络中的一段或多段运动轨迹。The motion of each user is divided into one or more segments by the dwell point, so as to extract one or more segments of motion trajectories of each user in the base station network.
作为进一步优选地，任意一个基站小区对应的驻留时间阈值的获取方法为：As a further preference, the method for obtaining the dwell time threshold corresponding to any base station cell is:
获得路网中位于该基站小区内的所有路段，并根据历史运动数据获得各路段上的最小运动速度；Obtain all road segments located in the base station cell in the road network, and obtain the minimum motion speed on each road segment according to historical motion data;
根据路段长度和对应的最小运动速度计算用户沿各路段从该基站小区切换至另一基站小区的基站切换时间，将其中最长的基站切换时间作为该基站小区对应的驻留时间阈值。Calculate the base station handover time for the user to switch from the base station cell to another base station cell along each road section according to the length of the road section and the corresponding minimum motion speed, and take the longest base station handover time as the residence time threshold corresponding to the base station cell.
进一步地，步骤(2)包括：Further, step (2) includes:
(21)对于每一条运动轨迹c，获得路网中该运动轨迹的起点和终点之间的所有可行路线；(21) For each motion track c, obtain all feasible routes between the starting point and the end point of the motion track in the road network;
(22)根据运动轨迹及各路线经过基站小区的情况，分别获得各路线所对应的基站ID序列；(22) Obtain the base station ID sequence corresponding to each route respectively according to the motion trajectory and the situation that each route passes through the base station cell;
(23)计算运动轨迹c与各路线所对应的基站ID序列之间的相似程度，作为运动轨迹c与对应路线之间的相似程度；(23) Calculate the similarity between the motion track c and the base station ID sequence corresponding to each route, as the similarity between the motion track c and the corresponding route;
(24)将与运动轨迹c相似程度最高的路线作为目标路线。(24) The route with the highest degree of similarity to the motion trajectory c is taken as the target route.
进一步地，目标时间段内任意路段的机动车车速阈值的获取方法为：Further, the method for obtaining the vehicle speed threshold of any road section within the target time period is:
根据历史运动数据获得目标时段内该路段上的历史运动速度；Obtain the historical motion speed on the road section within the target period according to the historical motion data;
对所获取到的历史运动速度进行聚类分析，以得到目标时段内该路段上的机动车车速阈值。Cluster analysis is performed on the obtained historical motion speed to obtain the vehicle speed threshold value on the road section within the target time period.
进一步地，任意一个路段的自由流车速的获取方法为：Further, the method for obtaining the free-flow vehicle speed of any road section is:
根据历史运动数据获得该路段上的最大运动速度vmax，并获得大数据平台所提供的该路段上的自由流车速vd以及该路段所属道路的限制车速vr；Obtain the maximum motion speed v max on the road section according to the historical motion data, and obtain the free-flow vehicle speed v d on the road section provided by the big data platform and the limited vehicle speed v r of the road to which the road section belongs;
将最大运动速度vmax，自由流车速vd以及限制车速vr中的最小值作为该路段上的自由流车速vf。The minimum value among the maximum moving speed v max , the free-flow vehicle speed v d and the restricted vehicle speed v r is taken as the free-flow vehicle speed v f on the road section.
进一步地，任意一个路段的路段交通拥堵指数为： Further, the traffic congestion index of any road segment is:
其中，V和Vf分别为该路段的平均机动车车速和自由流车速，N为放大系数，N≥1。Among them, V and V f are the average vehicle speed and free flow speed of the road section, respectively, N is the amplification factor, N ≥ 1.
按照本发明的另一方面，提供了一种基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名系统，包括：运动轨迹提取模块、路网匹配模块、运动速度获取模块、机动车车速获取模块、第一计算模块、第二计算模块以及排名模块；According to another aspect of the present invention, a road traffic congestion ranking system based on signaling data is provided, comprising: a motion trajectory extraction module, a road network matching module, a motion speed acquisition module, a motor vehicle speed acquisition module, and a first calculation module , the second calculation module and the ranking module;
运动轨迹提取模块用于根据目标时段内采集到的信令数据提取各用户在基站网络中的一段或多段运动轨迹；The motion trajectory extraction module is used to extract one or more motion trajectories of each user in the base station network according to the signaling data collected in the target period;
路网匹配模块用于获得路网中与各段运动轨迹最相似的路线，分别作为各段运动轨迹对应的目标路线；The road network matching module is used to obtain the route that is most similar to the motion trajectory of each segment in the road network, and use it as the target route corresponding to the motion trajectory of each segment;
运动速度获取模块用于获得各目标路线被基站切换点划分所得的多个路段，并根据路段长度和基站切换时间计算各路段上所有用户的运动速度；The movement speed acquisition module is used to obtain a plurality of road segments obtained by dividing each target route by the base station switching point, and calculate the movement speed of all users on each road segment according to the length of the road segment and the base station switching time;
机动车车速获取模块用于根据目标时段内各路段的机动车车速阈值从对应路段上所有用户的运动速度中筛选出机动车车速，以计算目标时段内各路段上的平均机动车车速；The motor vehicle speed acquisition module is used to filter out the motor vehicle speed from the motion speeds of all users on the corresponding road segment according to the motor vehicle speed threshold value of each road segment within the target time period, so as to calculate the average motor vehicle speed on each road segment within the target time period;
第一计算模块用于获得各路段的自由流车速，以根据自由流车速和平均机动车车速计算目标时段内各路段的路段交通拥堵指数；The first calculation module is used to obtain the free-flow vehicle speed of each road section, so as to calculate the road-section traffic congestion index of each road-section within the target period according to the free-flow vehicle speed and the average vehicle speed;
第二计算模块用于根据路段长度将属于同一道路的所有路段的交通拥堵指数进行加权平均，以得到目标时间段内各道路的道路交通拥堵指数；The second calculation module is configured to perform a weighted average of the traffic congestion indexes of all road segments belonging to the same road according to the length of the road segment, so as to obtain the road traffic congestion index of each road within the target time period;
排名模块用于根据道路交通拥堵指数对目标范围内的道路进行交通拥堵排名；The ranking module is used to rank the roads within the target range according to the traffic congestion index;
其中，基站切换点为运动轨迹或路线与基站小区边界的交点，基站切换时间为用户从进入基站小区至移动到相邻基站小区的时间。The base station handover point is the intersection of the motion track or route and the cell boundary of the base station, and the base station handover time is the time from the user entering the base station cell to moving to the adjacent base station cell.
总体而言，通过本发明所构思的以上技术方案，能够取得以下有益效果：In general, through the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, the following beneficial effects can be achieved:
(1)本发明所提供的基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法及系统，利用信令数据计算道路的交通拥堵指数并完成道路交通拥堵排名，由于信令数据在用户的日常生活中自然产生和积累，无需投入额外的设备安装和维护成本，并且信令数据的覆盖率高，因此，本发明能够实现大范围且低成本的城市交通状态监测。(1) The method and system for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data provided by the present invention utilize signaling data to calculate the traffic congestion index of roads and complete the ranking of road traffic congestion, because signaling data is naturally generated in the daily life of users Therefore, the present invention can realize large-scale and low-cost urban traffic state monitoring.
(2)本发明所提供的基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法及系统，具体利用基站切换数据进行相关的计算并将计算结果与具体的道路绑定，由于基站切换数据产生与两个基站小区的交界处，包含了更精确的定位信息，因此，本申请能够准确地获取到道路的交通拥堵情况，从而提高道路交通拥堵排名的准确性。(2) The method and system for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data provided by the present invention specifically use base station handover data to perform related calculations and bind the calculation results to specific roads. Since base station handover data is generated with two base stations The junction of the cells contains more accurate positioning information, therefore, the present application can accurately obtain the traffic congestion situation of the road, thereby improving the accuracy of the road traffic congestion ranking.
(3)本发明所提供的基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法及系统，综合多维信息确定目标时段内各路段的自由流车速，能够提高路段交通拥堵指数的准确性，进而提高道路交通拥堵指数的准确性。(3) The method and system for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data provided by the present invention, comprehensive multi-dimensional information to determine the free flow speed of each road section within the target period, can improve the accuracy of road traffic congestion index, and then improve road traffic congestion accuracy of the index.
(4)本发明所提供的基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法及系统，在获取到路段的平均机动车车速和自由流车速后，所计算的路段拥堵指数限定在一个更具体的范围内，使得最终计算的道路交通拥堵指数既能够反映道路的交通拥堵情况，又便于结果的可视化，从而为城市交通状态的实时监测提供了便利。(4) In the method and system for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data provided by the present invention, after obtaining the average vehicle speed and free-flow speed of the road section, the calculated road section congestion index is limited to a more specific range , so that the final calculated road traffic congestion index can not only reflect the road traffic congestion, but also facilitate the visualization of the results, thus providing convenience for real-time monitoring of urban traffic conditions.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1为本发明实施例提供的基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法流程图；1 is a flowchart of a method for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例提供的应用实例示意图；2 is a schematic diagram of an application example provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例提供的任意路段上的平均机动车车速获取方法流程图。FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method for obtaining an average vehicle speed on an arbitrary road section according to an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。此外，下面所描述的本发明各个实施方式中所涉及到的技术特征只要彼此之间未构成冲突就可以相互组合。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not to limit the present invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
在详细解释本发明的技术方案之前，先对信令数据进行简单介绍。Before explaining the technical solutions of the present invention in detail, the signaling data is briefly introduced.
信令数据定位是一种起源于蜂窝小区定位技术的简单手机定位方法，基于手机用户所在的基站小区ID来确定位置信息；实现的原理是：GSM(Global System for MobileCommunication，全球移动通信)具有“蜂窝”的网络结构，手机用户如果进行通信业务就需要在所处的基站小区进行位置注册，通过提取注册的基站小区的ID号就可以将用户定位到该基站小区信号覆盖的区域；相对其他的精确定位技术(如GPS)，该定位方法在样本量、覆盖范围以及实施成本和周期上更具有优势；Signaling data positioning is a simple mobile phone positioning method originated from the cell positioning technology. It determines the position information based on the cell ID of the base station where the mobile phone user is located; the principle of implementation is: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication, Global Mobile Communication) has " "Cellular" network structure, if a mobile phone user performs communication services, he needs to register the location in the base station cell where he is located. By extracting the ID number of the registered base station cell, the user can be located in the area covered by the signal of the base station cell; Precise positioning technology (such as GPS), which is more advantageous in terms of sample size, coverage, and implementation cost and cycle;
当正在通话的手机用户从基站小区移动到另一个基站小区时，将发生位置区切换；为了保证用户通信的质量和连续性，基站平台将移动平台从某一通话信道切换到另一通话信道的过程，即为基站小区切换。When the mobile phone user who is talking moves from the base station cell to another base station cell, the location area handover will occur; in order to ensure the quality and continuity of user communication, the base station platform will switch the mobile platform from one call channel to another call channel. The process is the cell handover of the base station.
基站小区覆盖范围半径在市区大约为100～500m，郊区大约为400～1000m，因此根据信令数据中的注册小区位置进行定位精度较为粗糙，无法用于交通监控。但其中的基站切换数据，则发生在两个基站小区的交界处，包含了更精确的位置信息，而该位置信息较为隐蔽，无法直接获取，为了从中得到道路交通情况，需要进行更为细致的路网绑定与行为判定工作。The coverage radius of the base station cell is about 100-500m in urban areas and 400-1000m in suburban areas. Therefore, the positioning accuracy based on the registered cell location in the signaling data is relatively rough and cannot be used for traffic monitoring. However, the base station handover data occurs at the junction of the two base station cells, and contains more accurate location information, which is relatively hidden and cannot be obtained directly. In order to obtain road traffic conditions from it, more detailed Road network binding and behavior judgment work.
针对现有的道路交通拥堵排名方法无法实现大范围且低成本的城市交通状态的实时监测的问题，本发明所提供的基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法，如图1所示，包括：Aiming at the problem that the existing road traffic congestion ranking method cannot realize the large-scale and low-cost real-time monitoring of urban traffic conditions, the signaling data-based road traffic congestion ranking method provided by the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, includes:
(1)根据目标时段内采集到的信令数据提取各用户在基站网络中的一段或多段运动轨迹；(1) According to the signaling data collected in the target time period, one or more segments of motion trajectories of each user in the base station network are extracted;
其中，目标时段的长度可根据具体需求设定，以实现不同粒度的交通状态监测；Among them, the length of the target period can be set according to specific needs, so as to realize traffic state monitoring of different granularities;
在一个可选的实施方式中，步骤(1)中，根据目标时段内采集到的信令数据提取各用户在基站网络中的一段或多段运动轨迹，具体包括：In an optional implementation manner, in step (1), one or more motion trajectories of each user in the base station network are extracted according to the signaling data collected in the target period, which specifically includes:
若用户在同一个基站小区内停留时间大于对应的驻留时间阈值，则判定该基站小区为一个驻留点；If the user stays in the same base station cell for longer than the corresponding dwell time threshold, it is determined that the base station cell is a dwell point;
由驻留点将各用户的运动划分为一段或多段，从而提取出各用户在所述基站网络中的一段或多段运动轨迹；Dividing the motion of each user into one or more segments by the dwell point, thereby extracting one or more segments of motion trajectories of each user in the base station network;
其中，各基站小区对应的驻留时间阈值可根据交通状态特点设定为固定时长，比如半个小时，以保证能够准确识别用户是处于运动状态还是处于驻留状态，从而确定驻留点；也可以根据各个基站小区内路段的具体拥堵情况设定，在本实施例中，任意一个基站小区对应的驻留时间阈值的获取方法具体为：Among them, the dwell time threshold corresponding to each base station cell can be set to a fixed duration according to the characteristics of the traffic state, such as half an hour, so as to ensure that the user can accurately identify whether the user is in a moving state or a dwelling state, so as to determine the dwelling point; It can be set according to the specific congestion situation of the road sections in each base station cell. In this embodiment, the method for obtaining the dwell time threshold corresponding to any base station cell is as follows:
获得路网中位于该基站小区内的所有路段，并根据历史运动数据获得各路段上的最小运动速度；Obtain all road segments located in the base station cell in the road network, and obtain the minimum motion speed on each road segment according to historical motion data;
根据路段长度和对应的最小运动速度计算用户沿各路段从该基站小区切换至另一基站小区的基站切换时间，将其中最长的基站切换时间作为该基站小区对应的驻留时间阈值；Calculate the base station handover time for the user to switch from the base station cell to another base station cell along each road section according to the length of the road section and the corresponding minimum motion speed, and take the longest base station handover time as the residence time threshold corresponding to the base station cell;
(2)获得路网中与各段运动轨迹最相似的路线，分别作为各段运动轨迹对应的目标路线；(2) Obtain the route most similar to the motion trajectory of each segment in the road network, and use it as the target route corresponding to the motion trajectory of each segment;
在一个可选的实施方式中，步骤(2)具体包括：In an optional embodiment, step (2) specifically includes:
(21)对于每一条运动轨迹c，获得路网中该运动轨迹的起点和终点之间的所有可行路线；(21) For each motion track c, obtain all feasible routes between the starting point and the end point of the motion track in the road network;
具体可采用OpenStreetMap等开源地图获取相关的可行路线；Specifically, open source maps such as OpenStreetMap can be used to obtain relevant feasible routes;
(22)根据运动轨迹及各路线经过基站小区的情况，分别获得运动轨迹c和各路线所对应的基站ID序列；(22) According to the movement track and the situation that each route passes through the base station cell, obtain the base station ID sequence corresponding to the movement track c and each route respectively;
具体可根据采集到的信令数据获取运动轨迹c对应的基站ID序列，各路线所对应的基站ID序列则可借助AreGIS平台获取；Specifically, the base station ID sequence corresponding to the motion track c can be obtained according to the collected signaling data, and the base station ID sequence corresponding to each route can be obtained with the help of the AreGIS platform;
(23)计算运动轨迹c与各路线所对应的基站ID序列之间的相似程度，作为运动轨迹c与对应路线之间的相似程度；(23) Calculate the similarity between the motion track c and the base station ID sequence corresponding to each route, as the similarity between the motion track c and the corresponding route;
计算运动轨迹c与其中一条路线所对应的基站ID序列之间的相似度，具体可采用基于编辑距离(ED)的序列比较算法，或者基于最长公共子序列(LCS)的序列比较算法，也可采用其他序列比较算法；基于ED和LCS的算法均具有以下优点：①对采样率没有要求；②不要进行对比的轨迹长度相等；Calculate the similarity between the motion trajectory c and the base station ID sequence corresponding to one of the routes. Specifically, a sequence comparison algorithm based on edit distance (ED) or a sequence comparison algorithm based on longest common subsequence (LCS) can be used. Other sequence comparison algorithms can be used; both ED and LCS-based algorithms have the following advantages: ① No requirement for sampling rate; ② Do not compare the trajectories with equal lengths;
在本实施例中，所采用的具体为Needleman-Wunsch算法，该算法为一种基于最长公共子序列的序列比较算法，其基本思想是当匹配两个序列时，找出在这两个序列中都存在并且最长的相同子序列；最长公共子序列不需要元素连续出现，但是要求出现的顺序一致，如序列X＝{P1，P2，P3，P4}，序列Y＝{Pl，P3，P2}，那么序列X和Y的最常公共子序列为{P1，P3}；相比于基于编辑距离的算法，本实施例所采用基于LCS的序列比较算法只关注匹配点，不需要对每个轨迹点进行匹配，因此对轨迹中的噪声点和数据缺损的情况更具有鲁棒性；In this embodiment, the specific Needleman-Wunsch algorithm is used, which is a sequence comparison algorithm based on the longest common subsequence. The longest common subsequence does not require the elements to appear consecutively, but the order of appearance is required to be consistent, such as sequence X={P1, P2, P3, P4}, sequence Y={P1, P3 , P2}, then the most common subsequences of sequences X and Y are {P1, P3}; compared with the edit distance-based algorithm, the LCS-based sequence comparison algorithm adopted in this embodiment only focuses on matching points, and does not need to Each trajectory point is matched, so it is more robust to noise points and data defects in the trajectory;
(24)将与运动轨迹c相似程度最高的路线作为目标路线；(24) The route with the highest degree of similarity to the motion trajectory c is used as the target route;
(3)获得各目标路线被基站切换点划分所得的多个路段，并根据路段长度和基站切换时间计算各路段上所有用户的运动速度；(3) Obtaining a plurality of road segments obtained by dividing each target route by the base station switching point, and calculating the motion speed of all users on each road segment according to the length of the road segment and the base station switching time;
其中，路段长度由路网信息提供，基站切换时间由基站切换数据提供；Among them, the length of the road segment is provided by the road network information, and the base station switching time is provided by the base station switching data;
如图2所示，通过路网匹配，确定的目标路线为路线L，用户在路线L上运动时，采集到的基站ID序列为：A-B-C-D-E-F-G-H，则左侧为基站小区进入点，基站切换点对应为1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8，路线L被基站切换点划分为7个路段，路段长度分别为SA-SB-SC-SD-SE-SF-SG，因此根据速度公式V＝S/t可求得该用户在7个路段的运动速度，V1-2，V2-3，V3-4，V4-5，V5-6，V6-7，V7-8；As shown in Figure 2, through road network matching, the determined target route is route L. When the user moves on route L, the collected base station ID sequence is: ABCDEFGH, then the left side is the entry point of the base station cell, and the base station handover point corresponds to It is 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8, the route L is divided into 7 sections by the base station switching point, and the section lengths are S A -S B -S C -S D -S E -SF -S G , so according to the speed formula V=S/t, the moving speed of the user in 7 road sections can be obtained, V 1-2 , V 2-3 , V 3-4 , V 4-5 , V 5-6 , V 6-7 , V 7-8 ;
采用同样的方法计算每一段运动轨迹所对应的各路段的运动速度，即可获取到各路段上所有用户的运动速度；Using the same method to calculate the motion speed of each road section corresponding to each motion trajectory, the motion speed of all users on each road section can be obtained;
(4)根据目标时段内各路段的机动车车速阈值从对应路段上所有用户的运动速度中筛选出机动车车速，以计算目标时段内各路段上的平均机动车车速；(4) According to the motor vehicle speed threshold of each road section within the target period, the motor vehicle speed is screened from the motion speeds of all users on the corresponding road section to calculate the average motor vehicle speed on each road section within the target period;
在一个可选的实施方式中，如图3所示，目标时间段内任意路段的机动车车速阈值的获取方法为：In an optional embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 , the method for obtaining the vehicle speed threshold value of any road section within the target time period is:
根据历史运动数据获得目标时段内该路段上的历史运动速度；Obtain the historical motion speed on the road section within the target period according to the historical motion data;
对所获取到的历史运动速度进行聚类分析，以得到目标时段内该路段上的机动车车速阈值；Perform cluster analysis on the obtained historical motion speed to obtain the vehicle speed threshold value on the road section within the target period;
在本实施例中，对历史运动速度进行聚类分析的具体方法为kmeans聚类，该方法使得同一聚类内速度接近，不同聚类间速度差异较大；道路上主要的出行方式包括步行、自行车出行以及机动车出行，由于步行、自行车、机动车这三类出行方式的速度关系满足类内接近，类间差异较大的特征，因此该算法可以很好的将历史速度值归类为这三种方式，进而可以得到用于区分各类出行方式的速度阈值，包括机动车车速阈值；In this embodiment, the specific method for cluster analysis of historical motion speed is kmeans clustering, which makes the speed within the same cluster close, and the speed difference between different clusters is relatively large; the main travel modes on the road include walking, Bicycle travel and motor vehicle travel, because the speed relationship of the three types of travel modes: walking, bicycle, and motor vehicle satisfies the characteristics of closeness within the class and large difference between classes, so the algorithm can well classify the historical speed value as this. three ways, and then the speed thresholds used to distinguish various travel modes, including the speed thresholds of motor vehicles, can be obtained;
(5)获得各路段的自由流车速，以根据自由流车速和平均机动车车速计算目标时段内各路段的路段交通拥堵指数；(5) Obtain the free-flow vehicle speed of each road section to calculate the road-section traffic congestion index of each road-section within the target period according to the free-flow vehicle speed and the average motor vehicle speed;
在城市道路网络中，由于受限道路几何形态、交通管制等因素制约，往往不能达到自由流车速；对于目标时段内的某一路段，在不同的应用场景下，可采用道路限制车速、路段最大运动速度以及互联网大数据平台所提供的自由流车速等任意一种参考车速该路段在目标时段内的自由流车速；In the urban road network, due to the constraints of restricted road geometry, traffic control and other factors, it is often impossible to reach the free-flow speed; The free-flow vehicle speed of the road section within the target period of any reference vehicle speed, such as the movement speed and the free-flow vehicle speed provided by the Internet big data platform;
在本实施例中，任意一个路段的自由流车速的获取方法具体为：In this embodiment, the method for obtaining the free-flow vehicle speed of any road section is as follows:
根据历史运动数据获得该路段上的最大运动速度vmax，并获得大数据平台所提供的该路段上的自由流车速vd以及该路段所属道路的限制车速vr；Obtain the maximum motion speed v max on the road section according to the historical motion data, and obtain the free-flow vehicle speed v d on the road section provided by the big data platform and the limited vehicle speed v r of the road to which the road section belongs;
将最大运动速度vmax，自由流车速vd以及限制车速vr中的最小值作为该路段上的自由流车速vf，即vf＝{vmax,vd,vr}；Take the minimum value of the maximum moving speed v max , the free-flow vehicle speed v d and the restricted vehicle speed v r as the free-flow vehicle speed v f on the road section, that is, v f ={v max ,v d ,v r };
百度、高德等互联网大数据平台是主要通过手机GPS信号来获取平均车速以及计算自由流车速vd；限制车速vr可根据四维、高德、凯立德等电子地图导航数据生成商所提供的路网数据获取，比如城际快速路限速80公里每小时，市内主要道路限速60公里每小时，高速匝道限速30公里每小时等；在本实施例中，同时综合上述多维度的值确定目标时段内各路段的自由流车速，并不断的调整和维护，能够提高所计算的交通拥堵指数的准确性；Internet big data platforms such as Baidu and AutoNavi mainly obtain the average vehicle speed and calculate the free-flow speed v d through the GPS signal of the mobile phone; Network data acquisition, for example, the speed limit of intercity expressways is 80 kilometers per hour, the speed limit of main roads in the city is 60 kilometers per hour, and the speed limit of high-speed ramps is 30 kilometers per hour. Determining the free flow speed of each road section within the target period, and continuously adjusting and maintaining it, can improve the accuracy of the calculated traffic congestion index;
在一个可选的实施方式中，获取目标时段内各路段的自由流车速Vf和平均机动车车速V后，计算对应路段的路段交通拥堵指数为： In an optional embodiment, after obtaining the free-flow vehicle speed V f and the average vehicle speed V of each road segment within the target period, the road segment traffic congestion index of the corresponding road segment is calculated as:
其中，N为放大系数，在本实施例中N＝10；相比于其他的计算交通拥堵指数的方法，本发明通过上述公式计算路段交通拥堵指数，能够将所计算的路段拥堵指数限定在一个更具体的范围内，使得最终计算的道路交通拥堵指数既能够反映道路的交通拥堵情况，又便于结果的可视化，从而为城市交通状态的实时监测提供了便利；Wherein, N is an amplification factor, and in this embodiment, N=10; compared with other methods for calculating the traffic congestion index, the present invention calculates the traffic congestion index of the road segment through the above formula, and can limit the calculated road segment congestion index to a In a more specific range, the final calculated road traffic congestion index can not only reflect the road traffic congestion situation, but also facilitate the visualization of the results, thus providing convenience for the real-time monitoring of urban traffic conditions;
(6)根据路段长度将属于同一道路的所有路段的交通拥堵指数进行加权平均，以得到目标时间段内各道路的道路交通拥堵指数；(6) According to the length of the road segment, the traffic congestion index of all road segments belonging to the same road is weighted and averaged to obtain the road traffic congestion index of each road in the target time period;
由于基站切换点间的路段只是城市路网道路的一部分，根据道路ID可获取到组成每一条道路的所有路段，将属于同一道路的路段TPI根据路段长度计算加权平均值，即可得到道路的道路交通拥堵指数；Since the sections between the base station switching points are only a part of the roads of the urban road network, all the sections that make up each road can be obtained according to the road ID, and the TPI of the sections belonging to the same road can be calculated according to the length of the weighted average according to the length of the sections. traffic congestion index;
(7)根据道路交通拥堵指数对目标范围内的道路进行交通拥堵排名；(7) Rank the roads within the target range according to the road traffic congestion index;
具体地，可按照道路交通拥堵指数升序或降序的顺序对目标范围(如具体城市)内的道路进行排名，从而实现道路交通拥堵排名。Specifically, the roads within the target range (eg, a specific city) may be ranked in ascending or descending order of the road traffic congestion index, so as to achieve road traffic congestion ranking.
在上述基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名的方法中，基站网络的建立方法包括：根据基站的定位信息确定各基站的覆盖范围，分别作为对各基站对应的基站小区；具体可通过建立泰森多边形的方式确定各基站的覆盖范围，也可采用其他方式确定；In the above-mentioned method for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data, the method for establishing a base station network includes: determining the coverage of each base station according to the positioning information of the base station, respectively as the base station cell corresponding to each base station; The coverage of each base station is determined in a polygonal manner, and other methods can also be used;
确定各基站小区后，由所有基站小区组成该基站网络；图2所示为一种基站网络，其中，每一个基站小区为一个正六边形。After each base station cell is determined, the base station network is composed of all base station cells; FIG. 2 shows a base station network, wherein each base station cell is a regular hexagon.
在一个可选的实施方式中，在上述基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法中，为了清洗数据以提高对道路交通拥堵排名的准确度，步骤(1)还可包括：提取各用户在基站网络中的运动轨迹之前，对采集到的信令数据中的乒乓切换数据进行删除并对漂移数据进行纠偏；In an optional embodiment, in the above-mentioned method for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data, in order to clean the data to improve the accuracy of ranking road traffic congestion, step (1) may further include: extracting data from each user at the base station Before the motion track in the network, delete the ping-pong handover data in the collected signaling data and correct the drift data;
GSM通信系统中，如果移动终端刚好落在相邻蜂窝小区的重叠区，可能会出现移动终端在两个基站间往返切换，造成“乒乓效应”的现象；为了克服乒乓切换对运动轨迹分析的不利影响，可采用相邻基站切换时间阈值法进行判别，具体包括如下步骤：In the GSM communication system, if the mobile terminal happens to fall in the overlapping area of adjacent cells, the mobile terminal may switch back and forth between the two base stations, resulting in the phenomenon of "ping-pong effect"; in order to overcome the disadvantage of ping-pong handover to the trajectory analysis The influence can be judged by the handover time threshold method of adjacent base stations, which specifically includes the following steps:
Stepl:如果某一次切换的开始切换位置与随后切换的结束切换位置相同，并且这样的切换连续发生两次或两次以上，转到Step2；Step1: If the starting switching position of a certain switching is the same as the ending switching position of the subsequent switching, and such switching occurs twice or more consecutively, go to Step2;
Step2：计算发生相同切换时间间隔Δt如果Δt小于预设的乒乓切换判别时间阈值Tp，则判定该用户的定位数据中存在乒乓切换现象，并转到Step3；Step2: Calculate the same handover time interval Δt. If Δt is less than the preset ping-pong handover judgment time threshold T p , it is determined that there is a ping-pong handover phenomenon in the user's positioning data, and go to Step 3;
Step3：把第一次切换的开始切换位置称作乒乓切换开始位置，把最后一次切换的结束切换位置称作乒乓切换结束位置，乒乓切换数据处理规则是删除乒乓切换开始位置到乒乓切换结束位置之间的坐标数据。Step3: The starting switching position of the first handover is called the ping-pong switching start position, and the ending switching position of the last switching is called the ping-pong switching end position. The ping-pong switching data processing rule is to delete the ping-pong switching start position to the ping-pong switching end position. coordinate data between.
由上面规则可知，对于如表1所示的基站切换行为中，切换2、切换3以及切换4之间存在乒乓切换现象，经过删除乒乓切换数据的操作后，切换2和切换3的切换数据将被删除；在表1中，Cell表示基站；It can be seen from the above rules that in the handover behavior of the base station shown in Table 1, there is a ping-pong handover phenomenon between handover 2, handover 3 and handover 4. After the operation of deleting the ping-pong handover data, the handover data of handover 2 and handover 3 will be changed. is deleted; in Table 1, Cell represents the base station;
表1基站切换示例Table 1 Example of base station handover
考虑实际城市路网环境以及基站架设方式不同的影响，可能造成移动终端忽然接收到距离它较远的小区的信号进行通信，变成它逻辑上的邻接小区，出现虚假切换的现象；其数据特征表现为，不太可能在很短的时间内就在一个位置超出合理范围的移动速度快速移动到另外一个位置；对于原始数据中存在的异常漂移数据，可采用如下方法对其进行纠偏：Considering the influence of the actual urban road network environment and the different construction methods of the base station, it may cause the mobile terminal to suddenly receive the signal of the cell far away from it for communication, and become its logical adjacent cell, resulting in the phenomenon of false handover; its data characteristics It is shown that it is unlikely to move from one location to another location within a short period of time at a speed beyond a reasonable range; for abnormal drift data existing in the original data, the following methods can be used to correct the deviation:
给定经过以上Stepl步骤处理后的位置轨迹数据中的连续三个位置点A(lngi，lati，ti)，B(lngj，latj，tj)和C(lngk，latk，tk)分别计算位置点A和B间的最小移动速度Vij、位置点B和C间的最小移动速度Vjk：Given three consecutive position points A(lng i , lat i , t i ), B(lng j , lat j , t j ) and C(lng k , lat k ) in the position trajectory data processed by the above Step1 steps , t k ) calculate the minimum moving speed V ij between position points A and B, and the minimum moving speed V jk between position points B and C, respectively:
若Vij＞Vth，Vjk＞Vth，表明B点为数据异常点，将该点数据删除；其中，lngi、lngj和lngk分别表示位置点A、B和C的经度，lati、latj和latk分别表示位置点A、B和C的纬度，ti、tj和tk分别表示用户到达位置点A、B和C的时间，Vth为出行极限速度，在城市环境下可将城市道路交通的最高限速设置为速度限值。If V ij >V th , V jk > V th , it indicates that point B is an abnormal point in the data, and the data of this point is deleted; wherein, lng i , lngj and lng k represent the longitudes of location points A, B and C, respectively, lat i , lat j and lat k represent the latitudes of location points A, B and C, respectively, t i , t j and t k represent the time when the user arrives at locations A, B and C, respectively, and V th is the travel limit speed. The maximum speed limit for urban road traffic can be set as the speed limit.
本发明还提供了一种用于实现上述基于信令数据的道路交通拥堵排名方法的系统，包括：运动轨迹提取模块、路网匹配模块、运动速度获取模块、机动车车速获取模块、第一计算模块、第二计算模块以及排名模块；The present invention also provides a system for implementing the above-mentioned method for ranking road traffic congestion based on signaling data, including: a motion trajectory extraction module, a road network matching module, a motion speed acquisition module, a motor vehicle speed acquisition module, a first calculation module module, second calculation module and ranking module;
运动轨迹提取模块用于根据目标时段内采集到的信令数据提取各用户在基站网络中的一段或多段运动轨迹；The motion trajectory extraction module is used to extract one or more motion trajectories of each user in the base station network according to the signaling data collected in the target period;
路网匹配模块用于获得路网中与各段运动轨迹最相似的路线，分别作为各段运动轨迹对应的目标路线；The road network matching module is used to obtain the route that is most similar to the motion trajectory of each segment in the road network, and use it as the target route corresponding to the motion trajectory of each segment;
运动速度获取模块用于获得各目标路线被基站切换点划分所得的多个路段，并根据路段长度和基站切换时间计算各路段上所有用户的运动速度；The movement speed acquisition module is used to obtain a plurality of road segments obtained by dividing each target route by the base station switching point, and calculate the movement speed of all users on each road segment according to the length of the road segment and the base station switching time;
机动车车速获取模块用于根据目标时段内各路段的机动车车速阈值从对应路段上所有用户的运动速度中筛选出机动车车速，以计算目标时段内各路段上的平均机动车车速；The motor vehicle speed acquisition module is used to filter out the motor vehicle speed from the motion speeds of all users on the corresponding road segment according to the motor vehicle speed threshold value of each road segment within the target time period, so as to calculate the average motor vehicle speed on each road segment within the target time period;
第一计算模块用于获得各路段的自由流车速，以根据自由流车速和平均机动车车速计算目标时段内各路段的路段交通拥堵指数；The first calculation module is used to obtain the free-flow vehicle speed of each road section, so as to calculate the road-section traffic congestion index of each road-section within the target period according to the free-flow vehicle speed and the average vehicle speed;
第二计算模块用于根据路段长度将属于同一道路的所有路段的交通拥堵指数进行加权平均，以得到目标时间段内各道路的道路交通拥堵指数；The second calculation module is configured to perform a weighted average of the traffic congestion indexes of all road segments belonging to the same road according to the length of the road segment, so as to obtain the road traffic congestion index of each road within the target time period;
排名模块用于根据道路交通拥堵指数对目标范围内的道路进行交通拥堵排名；The ranking module is used to rank the roads within the target range according to the traffic congestion index;
其中，所述基站切换点为运动轨迹或路线与基站小区边界的交点，所述基站切换时间为用户从进入基站小区至移动到相邻基站小区的时间；Wherein, the base station switching point is the intersection of the motion track or route and the boundary of the base station cell, and the base station switching time is the time from the user entering the base station cell to moving to the adjacent base station cell;
在本实施例中，各模块的具体实施方式可参考上述方法实施例中的描述，在此将不再复述。In this embodiment, reference may be made to the descriptions in the foregoing method embodiments for the specific implementation of each module, which will not be repeated here.
本领域的技术人员容易理解，以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。Those skilled in the art can easily understand that the above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention, etc., All should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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