CN110039156B - Tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device and method under auxiliary wire action - Google Patents
Tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device and method under auxiliary wire action Download PDFInfo
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 title claims description 46
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
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- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/04—Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/167—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a non-consumable electrode
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/235—Preliminary treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
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Abstract
本发明提供一种辅丝作用下钨‑丝电弧增材制造装置与方法，所述装置中送丝机用于输送金属丝，金属丝另一端与导丝嘴连接；第二导丝嘴和焊枪分别与电弧增材制造电源的正负极连接，主丝与焊枪两者之间产生电弧；主丝用于大量熔丝，制造成形件的基体部分，辅丝位于主丝与焊枪之间，用于消耗电弧热量，提高增材制造过程的堆积效率或制备金属间化合物构件和功能梯度材料。本发明方法通过调节工艺参数，确定不同设备的位置，得到稳定的电弧形态，对辅丝送丝时间的调整确保堆积层的成形质量，在不更换金属丝的情况下，可实现成分的连续调节；本发明有效解决了传统电弧增材制造过程中堆积层过度损伤，且堆积效率不高这一技术难题。
The invention provides a tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device and method under the action of an auxiliary wire. In the device, a wire feeder is used to convey a metal wire, and the other end of the metal wire is connected with a wire guide nozzle; a second wire guide nozzle and a welding gun are provided. They are respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of the arc additive manufacturing power supply, and an arc is generated between the main wire and the welding torch; the main wire is used for a large number of fuses to manufacture the base part of the formed part, and the auxiliary wire is located between the main wire and the welding torch. It can be used to dissipate arc heat, improve the stacking efficiency of additive manufacturing processes or prepare intermetallic compounds and functionally graded materials. The method of the invention determines the positions of different equipments by adjusting the process parameters to obtain a stable arc shape, adjusts the wire feeding time of the auxiliary wire to ensure the forming quality of the accumulation layer, and can realize the continuous adjustment of the composition without changing the metal wire. The invention effectively solves the technical problem that the accumulation layer is excessively damaged and the accumulation efficiency is not high in the traditional arc additive manufacturing process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal component additive manufacturing, and particularly relates to a tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device and method under the action of auxiliary wires.
Background
The electric arc additive manufacturing is a technology which takes welding electric arcs as heat sources and metal wire materials as filling materials and is stacked layer by layer one by one to obtain three-dimensional solid parts.
At present, the Arc Additive Manufacturing technology mainly includes Gas Metal Arc Additive Manufacturing (GMA-AM), Gas Tungsten Arc Additive Manufacturing (GTA-AM), and Plasma Arc Additive Manufacturing (PA-AM). In the traditional electric arc additive manufacturing process, an electric arc is established between an electrode and a metal component, the electric arc is not only used for melting a filling wire but also directly acts on a deposited layer, so that the thermal damage to the deposited layer is large, even molten pool metal flows, the metal component cannot be formed, and on the other hand, the serious heat accumulation can also cause the formed component to have a coarse structure and the performance to be deteriorated. The main methods for solving the problem at present are as follows: (1) increasing the interlayer cooling time; (2) a small current accumulation process is adopted; (3) and introducing a cooling liquid or using a cooling gas to forcibly cool the accumulation layer at the bottom of the substrate. Although the above method has a remarkable effect of reducing thermal damage of the deposited layer, the use of the method (1) or the method (2) tends to result in a decrease in the deposition efficiency of the formed article, while the use of the method (3) significantly increases the manufacturing cost.
Chinese patent application No.: 200810064456.9A welding device and method of indirect electric arc is provided, the tungsten electrode welding gun and the consumable electrode welding gun are respectively connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the GTA power supply, the electric arc is generated between the tungsten electrode and the welding wire, the method solves the problems of overlarge heat input to the base metal, low welding seam cladding rate and high dilution rate of the traditional electric arc welding, but when the method is used in the field of material increase manufacturing, the accumulation efficiency is low, and the continuous regulation and control of the components or the preparation of intermetallic compounds cannot be realized. Thus, there remains a need for improvements over existing methods.
Chinese patent application No.: 201710855161.2 entitled "auxiliary wire-filling GMA additive manufacturing device and method for manufacturing gradient material" provides a method for preparing gradient material by adding two auxiliary welding wires on the basis of GMA-AM, which consumes the energy of electric arc through the two auxiliary welding wires, thereby reducing the heat input to the accumulation layer and simultaneously realizing the continuous adjustment of the composition of the accumulation layer, but the electric arc generated in the method still directly acts on the accumulation layer, the damage to the accumulation layer is serious, and the effective heat distribution of the electric arc is unreasonable. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new method to solve the technical problems of excessive damage of the deposition layer and low deposition efficiency in the conventional arc additive manufacturing process.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention aims to solve the technical problems of excessive damage to the deposition layer and low deposition efficiency in the conventional arc additive manufacturing process, and provides an apparatus and a method for tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing under the action of auxiliary wires based on the arc additive manufacturing.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for additive manufacturing of a tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device under the action of auxiliary wires comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planning a stacking path and technological parameters according to the geometric structure of the metal component to be processed, and selecting the material of the metal wire required by the test, wherein the technological parameters comprise stacking current I, welding speed v, protective gas flow L and wire feeding speed v of the first metal wire 5a1A wire feeding speed v of the second wire 5b2；
Step two: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate 10, wiping the substrate with acetone, and fixing the substrate 10 on a workbench through a clamp; connecting a welding gun 2 with the negative electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the second wire guide nozzle 6b is connected with the positive electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the first metal wire 5a passes through the first wire guide nozzle 6a, and one end of the second metal wire 5b passes through the second wire guide nozzle 6 b; the protective gas bottle 3 is connected with the welding gun 2 through a gas supply hose and used for providing protective gas; the first wire feeder 4a and the second wire feeder 4b are used for conveying a first wire 5a and a second wire 5b, respectively; the axis of the first wire guide nozzle 6a is vertical to the upper end surface of the substrate 10 and is positioned above the molten pool 8; the axis of the welding gun 2 and the axis of the second wire guide nozzle 6b are respectively positioned at two sides of the first wire guide nozzle 6 a; an arc is generated between the welding torch 2 and the second wire 5 b; the included angle theta between the axis of the first yarn guiding nozzle 6a and the axis of the second yarn guiding nozzle 6b1Is 25-65 degrees, and the included angle theta between the axis of the first wire guide nozzle 6a and the axis of the welding gun 22Is 30-60 degrees; the vertical distance d between the tip of the first godet nozzle 6a and the tip of the second godet nozzle 6b1Is 2-5mm(ii) a The second wire 5b is used as a main wire for a large number of fuses to manufacture a piece base portion; the first metal wire 5a is used as an auxiliary wire for a small number of fuses; the perpendicular distance d between the tip of the second godet 6b and the melt pool 823-6mm, the horizontal distance d between the tip of the welding gun 2 and the tip of the second wire guide 6b3Is 3-5 mm;
step three: moving the tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device to the starting point of the path under the action of the auxiliary wire, generating an arc between the welding gun 2 and the second metal wire 5b, feeding the first metal wire 5a after the arc burns for 0.5-2s, and starting to perform a stacking process according to the planned path; wire feed speed v of the second wire 5b20.8-2.5m/min, the wire feed speed v of the first wire 5a1And the wire feeding speed v of the second wire 5b2The ratio eta of the two is 0.1-0.5; the reason why the arc is burnt for 0.5 to 2 seconds and then fed into the first wire 5a is that if the arc burning time is less than 0.5 seconds and the arc is fed into the first wire 5a, the arc is unstable and the quality of the deposit is easily affected, and if the arc burning time is more than 2 seconds and the arc is fed into the first wire 5a, the effect of the first wire 5a is weakened.
Step four: when the tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device moves to the end point of the path under the action of the auxiliary wire, stopping conveying the second metal wire 5b, and stopping conveying the first metal wire 5a after 0.1-0.5s to finish a layer of stacking process; the reason why the feeding of the first wire 5a is stopped after 0.1 to 0.5s is that if the feeding of the first wire 5a is stopped before the feeding of the second wire 5b, the effect of the first wire 5a is easily weakened, and in practical situations, it is difficult to ensure that the feeding of the first wire 5a and the feeding of the second wire 5b are stopped at the same time, so that a time margin of 0.1 to 0.5s is left for stopping the feeding of the first wire 5a, and if the feeding of the first wire 5a is stopped after more than 0.5s, the first wire 5a is easily pricked to a stacking layer, which affects the surface forming quality.
Step five: when the formed piece 9 is cooled to 30-100 ℃, moving the tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device to the starting point of the next path under the action of the auxiliary wire;
step six: and repeatedly executing the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step until the forming of the whole formed part 9 is completed.
Preferably, the first step specifically comprises:
the method comprises the following steps: performing two-dimensional segmentation according to the geometric structure characteristics of a metal component to be processed, performing accumulation path planning and process parameter planning according to a two-dimensional model obtained by segmentation, and selecting a metal wire material required by a test, wherein the accumulation path planning comprises the determination of a path starting point and a path terminal point in the two-dimensional model and the rotation angle of a welding gun or a workbench in the accumulation process, and the process parameters comprise accumulation current I, welding speed v, protective gas flow L and wire feeding speed v of a first metal wire 5a1A wire feeding speed v of the second wire 5b2。
Preferably, the accumulation current I is 100-250A, and the protective gas flow rate L is 10-30L/min.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention further provides a tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing apparatus under the action of auxiliary wires, comprising an electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1, a welding gun 2, a protective gas cylinder 3, a first wire feeder 4a, a second wire feeder 4b, a first metal wire 5a, a second metal wire 5b, a first wire guide nozzle 6a, and a second wire guide nozzle 6 b;
the welding gun 2 is connected with the negative electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the second wire guide nozzle 6b is connected with the positive electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the first metal wire 5a passes through the first wire guide nozzle 6a, and one end of the second metal wire 5b passes through the second wire guide nozzle 6 b; the protective gas bottle 3 is connected with the welding gun 2 through a gas supply hose and used for providing protective gas; the first wire feeder 4a and the second wire feeder 4b are used for conveying a first wire 5a and a second wire 5b, respectively; the axis of the first wire guide nozzle 6a is vertical to the upper end surface of the substrate 10 and is positioned above the molten pool 8; the axis of the welding gun 2 and the axis of the second wire guide nozzle 6b are respectively positioned at two sides of the first wire guide nozzle 6 a; an arc is generated between the welding torch 2 and the second wire 5 b; the included angle theta between the axis of the first yarn guiding nozzle 6a and the axis of the second yarn guiding nozzle 6b1Is 25-65 degrees, and the included angle theta between the axis of the first wire guide nozzle 6a and the axis of the welding gun 22Is 30-60 degrees; the vertical distance d between the tip of the first godet nozzle 6a and the tip of the second godet nozzle 6b12-5 mm; the second wire 5b serves as a main wire,a base portion for a plurality of fuses to be manufactured into a shaped piece; the first metal wire 5a is used as an auxiliary wire for a small number of fuses; the perpendicular distance d between the tip of the second godet 6b and the melt pool 823-6mm, the horizontal distance d between the tip of the welding gun 2 and the tip of the second wire guide 6b3Is 3-5 mm; wire feed speed v of the second wire 5b20.8-2.5m/min, the wire feed speed v of the first wire 5a1And the wire feeding speed v of the second wire 5b2The ratio eta of (a) is 0.1-0.5.
θ1Is set to 25-65 DEG because theta1If the arc size is too small or too large, the stability of the arc between the welding gun 2 and the second wire 5b is lowered, which is not favorable for the production of the formed part; theta2Is set to 30-60 DEG because theta2If the arc size is too small or too large, the stability of the arc between the welding gun 2 and the second wire 5b is lowered, which is not favorable for the production of the formed part; d1Is set to 2-5mm because d1Too small, interfering with the arc generated between the welding torch 2 and the second wire 5b, resulting in a decrease in arc stability, d1Too large, reducing production efficiency; d2Is set to 3-6mm because d2Too small, the arc generated between the welding torch 2 and the second wire 5b easily heats the deposit layer, reducing the action of the device, d2Too large, the residence time of the droplets 7 in the air is too long, resulting in difficulty in forming a molten pool 8; d3Is set to 3-5mm because d3Too small, too short arc, and failure to feed the first wires 5a, d3The arc is difficult to strike due to overlarge phenomenon, and the stability of the arc is reduced, so that the preparation of a formed part is not facilitated; eta is set to 0.1-0.5 because eta is too small, the melting amount of the auxiliary wire is reduced, the action of the device is weakened, eta is too large, the electric arc energy cannot completely melt the second metal wire 5b, and the wire binding phenomenon is easily caused, thereby influencing the forming quality.
Preferably, the arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 is a constant current power supply.
Preferably, the first wire 5a and the second wire 5b are homogeneous wires or heterogeneous wires. When the auxiliary wire and the main wire are made of homogeneous metal wires, the stacking efficiency can be remarkably improved, and when the auxiliary wire and the main wire are made of heterogeneous metal wires, a functionally gradient material or a metal part compound can be prepared.
Preferably, the first and second wires 5a and 5b are made of a material having low heat conduction efficiency, such as 304 stainless steel or carbon steel.
The technical difficulty of the device and the method for manufacturing the tungsten-wire electric arc additive under the action of the auxiliary wire is as follows: compared with the traditional indirect arc process, in the tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device and method under the action of the auxiliary wire, the auxiliary wire is directly fed into the arc, so that the stability of the arc is difficult to maintain; under different heat input processes, the technical problem of adjusting the wire feeding speed of the auxiliary wire to maintain the stacking efficiency and the forming quality of a formed piece exists. The tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device and method under the auxiliary wire action have the advantages that:
(1) according to the tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device under the action of the auxiliary wire, in the electric arc additive manufacturing process, a formed part is not connected with an electric arc additive manufacturing power supply, excessive damage of a deposited layer is reduced, an electric arc is established between the main wire and the welding gun, the auxiliary wire is directly fed into the electric arc, heat generated by the electric arc is directly used for melting a metal wire, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.
(2) When the main wire and the auxiliary wire are made of homogeneous metal wires, the accumulation efficiency of the electric arc additive manufacturing technology can be obviously improved.
(3) When the main wire and the auxiliary wire adopt heterogeneous metal wires, the wire feeding speed of the auxiliary wire can be adjusted to prepare intermetallic compound components with different components, and a functional gradient material can also be prepared.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device under the action of auxiliary wires.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the positional relationship between the wire and the welding gun.
In the figure: 1 is an electric arc additive manufacturing power supply, 2 is a welding gun, 3 is a protective gas cylinder, 4a is a first wire feeder, 4b is a second wire feeder, 5a is a first metal wire, 5b is a second metal wire, 6a is a first wire guide nozzle, 6b is a second wire guide nozzle, 7 is a molten droplet, 8 is a molten pool, 9 is a forming piece, and 10 is a substrate.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A method for additive manufacturing of a tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device under the action of auxiliary wires comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planning a stacking path and technological parameters according to the geometric structure of the metal component to be processed, and selecting the material of the metal wire required by the test, wherein the technological parameters comprise stacking current I, welding speed v, protective gas flow L and wire feeding speed v of the first metal wire 5a1A wire feeding speed v of the second wire 5b2(ii) a The accumulation current I is 100-250A, and the protective gas flow L is 10-30L/min.
Step two: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate 10, wiping the substrate with acetone, and fixing the substrate 10 on a workbench through a clamp; connecting a welding gun 2 with the negative electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the second wire guide nozzle 6b is connected with the positive electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the first metal wire 5a passes through the first wire guide nozzle 6a, and one end of the second metal wire 5b passes through the second wire guide nozzle 6 b; the protective gas bottle 3 is connected with the welding gun 2 through a gas supply hose and used for providing protective gas; the first wire feeder 4a and the second wire feeder 4b are used for conveying a first wire 5a and a second wire 5b, respectively; the axis of the first wire guide nozzle 6a is vertical to the upper end surface of the substrate 10 and is positioned above the molten pool 8; the axis of the welding gun 2 and the axis of the second wire guide nozzle 6b are respectively positioned at two sides of the first wire guide nozzle 6 a; an arc is generated between the welding torch 2 and the second wire 5 b; the included angle theta between the axis of the first yarn guiding nozzle 6a and the axis of the second yarn guiding nozzle 6b1Is 25-65 degrees, and the included angle theta between the axis of the first wire guide nozzle 6a and the axis of the welding gun 22Is 30-60 degrees; the vertical distance d between the tip of the first godet nozzle 6a and the tip of the second godet nozzle 6b12-5 mm; the second wire 5b is used as a main wire for a large number of fuses to manufacture a piece base portion; the first metal wire 5a is used as an auxiliary wire for a small number of fuses; the perpendicular distance d between the tip of the second godet 6b and the melt pool 823-6mm, the horizontal distance d between the tip of the welding gun 2 and the tip of the second wire guide 6b3Is 3-5 mm;
step three: moving the tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device to the starting point of the path under the action of the auxiliary wire, generating an arc between the welding gun 2 and the second metal wire 5b, feeding the first metal wire 5a after the arc burns for 0.5-2s, and starting to perform a stacking process according to the planned path; wire feed speed v of the second wire 5b20.8-2.5m/min, the wire feed speed v of the first wire 5a1And the wire feeding speed v of the second wire 5b2The ratio eta of the two is 0.1-0.5;
step four: when the tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device moves to the end point of the path under the action of the auxiliary wire, stopping conveying the second metal wire 5b, and stopping conveying the first metal wire 5a after 0.1-0.5s to finish a layer of stacking process;
step five: when the formed piece 9 is cooled to 30-100 ℃, moving the tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device to the starting point of the next path under the action of the auxiliary wire;
step six: and repeatedly executing the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step until the forming of the whole formed part 9 is completed.
Example 2
A method for additive manufacturing by using a tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device under the action of auxiliary wires comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: planning a stacking path and technological parameters according to the geometric structure of the metal component to be processed, and selecting the material of the metal wire required by the test, wherein the technological parameters comprise stacking current I, welding speed v, protective gas flow L and wire feeding speed v of the first metal wire 5a1A wire feeding speed v of the second wire 5b2(ii) a The accumulation current I is 100-250A, and the protective gas flow L is 10-30L/min.
The stainless steel component described in this embodiment is a multi-layer single-pass thin-wall component, the width of the component is 6mm, the total height is 25mm, and the length of the forming path is 160 mm. In the test, a Fornis welding machine provides an electric arc additive manufacturing power supply, a motion execution device is an ABB robot, a tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device (shown in figure 1) is fixed on the ABB robot under the action of an auxiliary wire, a base plate is a 304 stainless steel thin plate, the size of the base plate is 200mm multiplied by 80mm multiplied by 6mm, ER304 stainless steel wires are adopted for a first metal wire 5a and a second metal wire 5b, argon with the purity of 99.99 percent is used as protective gas,
step two: mechanically cleaning the surface of the substrate 10, wiping the substrate with acetone, and fixing the substrate 10 on a workbench through a clamp; connecting a welding gun 2 with the negative electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the second wire guide nozzle 6b is connected with the positive electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the first metal wire 5a passes through the first wire guide nozzle 6a, and one end of the second metal wire 5b passes through the second wire guide nozzle 6 b; the protective gas bottle 3 is connected with the welding gun 2 through a gas supply hose and used for providing protective gas; the first wire feeder 4a and the second wire feeder 4b are used for conveying a first wire 5a and a second wire 5b, respectively; the axis of the first wire guide nozzle 6a is vertical to the upper end surface of the substrate 10 and is positioned above the molten pool 8; the axis of the welding gun 2 and the axis of the second wire guide nozzle 6b are respectively positioned at two sides of the first wire guide nozzle 6 a; an arc is generated between the welding torch 2 and the second wire 5 b; the included angle theta between the axis of the first yarn guiding nozzle 6a and the axis of the second yarn guiding nozzle 6b1Is 45 degrees, and the included angle theta between the axial line of the first wire guide nozzle 6a and the axial line of the welding gun 22Is 30-60 degrees; the vertical distance d between the tip of the first godet nozzle 6a and the tip of the second godet nozzle 6b1Is 3 mm; the second wire 5b is used as a main wire for a large number of fuses to manufacture a piece base portion; the first metal wire 5a is used as an auxiliary wire for a small number of fuses; the perpendicular distance d between the tip of the second godet 6b and the melt pool 823mm, the horizontal distance d between the tip of the welding gun 2 and the tip of the second wire guide 6b3Is 5 mm;
step three: moving the tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device to the starting point of the path under the action of the auxiliary wire, generating an arc between the welding gun 2 and the second metal wire 5b, and feeding the first metal wire 5a after the arc burns for 0.5-2sStarting to carry out a stacking process according to the planned path; the test process parameters are as follows: the stacking current I is 150A, the welding speed v is 0.6m/min, and the wire feeding speed v of the first metal wire 5a1A wire feeding speed v of the second wire 5b of 0.5m/min22m/min, and gas flow rate 15L/min.
Step four: when the tungsten-wire arc additive manufacturing device moves to the end point of the path under the action of the auxiliary wire, stopping conveying the second metal wire 5b, and stopping conveying the first metal wire 5a after 0.1-0.5s to finish a layer of stacking process;
step five: when the formed piece 9 is cooled to 60 ℃, moving the tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device to the starting point of the next path under the action of the auxiliary wire;
step six: and repeatedly executing the third step, the fourth step and the fifth step until the forming of the whole formed part 9 is completed.
When the auxiliary wire and the main wire are made of homogeneous metal wires, the stacking efficiency can be remarkably improved, and when the auxiliary wire and the main wire are made of heterogeneous metal wires, a functionally gradient material or a metal part compound can be prepared.
Example 3
The invention also provides a tungsten-wire electric arc additive manufacturing device under the auxiliary wire action, which comprises an electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1, a welding gun 2, a protective gas cylinder 3, a first wire feeder 4a, a second wire feeder 4b, a first metal wire 5a, a second metal wire 5b, a first wire guide nozzle 6a and a second wire guide nozzle 6 b;
the welding gun 2 is connected with the negative electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the second wire guide nozzle 6b is connected with the positive electrode of the electric arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 through a cable; one end of the first metal wire 5a passes through the first wire guide nozzle 6a, and one end of the second metal wire 5b passes through the second wire guide nozzle 6 b; the protective gas bottle 3 is connected with the welding gun 2 through a gas supply hose and used for providing protective gas; the first wire feeder 4a and the second wire feeder 4b are used for conveying a first wire 5a and a second wire 5b, respectively; the axis of the first wire guide nozzle 6a is vertical to the upper end surface of the substrate 10 and is positioned above the molten pool 8; the axis of the welding gun 2 and the axis of the second wire guide nozzle 6b are respectively positioned at two sides of the first wire guide nozzle 6 a; an arc is generated between the welding torch 2 and the second wire 5 b; what is needed isThe included angle theta between the axial line of the first yarn guiding nozzle 6a and the axial line of the second yarn guiding nozzle 6b1Is 25-65 degrees, and the included angle theta between the axis of the first wire guide nozzle 6a and the axis of the welding gun 22Is 30-60 degrees; the vertical distance d between the tip of the first godet nozzle 6a and the tip of the second godet nozzle 6b12-5 mm; the second wire 5b is used as a main wire for a large number of fuses to manufacture a piece base portion; the first metal wire 5a is used as an auxiliary wire for a small number of fuses; the perpendicular distance d between the tip of the second godet 6b and the melt pool 823-6mm, the horizontal distance d between the tip of the welding gun 2 and the tip of the second wire guide 6b3Is 3-5 mm; wire feed speed v of the second wire 5b20.8-2.5m/min, the wire feed speed v of the first wire 5a1And the wire feeding speed v of the second wire 5b2The ratio eta of (a) is 0.1-0.5.
θ1Is set to 25-65 DEG because theta1If the arc size is too small or too large, the stability of the arc between the welding gun 2 and the second wire 5b is lowered, which is not favorable for the production of the formed part; theta2Is set to 30-60 DEG because theta2If the arc size is too small or too large, the stability of the arc between the welding gun 2 and the second wire 5b is lowered, which is not favorable for the production of the formed part; d1Is set to 2-5mm because d1Too small, interfering with the arc generated between the welding torch 2 and the second wire 5b, resulting in a decrease in arc stability, d1Too large, reducing production efficiency; d2Is set to 3-6mm because d2Too small, the arc generated between the welding torch 2 and the second wire 5b easily heats the deposit layer, reducing the action of the device, d2Too large, the residence time of the droplets 7 in the air is too long, resulting in difficulty in forming a molten pool 8; d3Is set to 3-5mm because d3Too small, too short arc, and failure to feed the first wires 5a, d3The arc is difficult to strike due to overlarge phenomenon, and the stability of the arc is reduced, so that the preparation of a formed part is not facilitated; eta is set to 0-0.5 because eta is too small, the melting amount of the auxiliary wire is reduced, the action of the device is weakened, eta is too large, the arc energy cannot completely melt the second metal wire 5b, and the wire binding phenomenon is easily caused, so the forming quality is influenced.
The arc additive manufacturing power supply 1 is a constant current power supply.
The first wire 5a and the second wire 5b are either homogeneous wires or heterogeneous wires. When the auxiliary wire and the main wire are made of homogeneous metal wires, the stacking efficiency can be remarkably improved, and when the auxiliary wire and the main wire are made of heterogeneous metal wires, a functionally gradient material or a metal part compound can be prepared.
The first and second wires 5a and 5b are made of a material having low heat conduction efficiency, such as 304 stainless steel or carbon steel.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and utilities of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or change the above-mentioned embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Accordingly, it is intended that all equivalent modifications or changes which can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical spirit of the present invention be covered by the claims of the present invention.
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| CN112775520B (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2022-05-06 | 九江学院 | Method for realizing gradient surfacing by asynchronous wire feeding |
| CN111531252A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-08-14 | 西南交通大学 | Method and apparatus for improving the efficiency and heat accumulation of GMA additive manufacturing of thin-walled parts |
| CN112643175A (en) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-04-13 | 天津大学 | Method and device for manufacturing nickel-based alloy-low alloy high-strength steel functionally gradient material |
| CN112935470B (en) * | 2021-02-04 | 2022-12-06 | 浙江智熔增材制造技术有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of multi-component new alloy and composition gradient alloy material |
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