CN110017214A - Method for determining the direction of rotation of the crankshaft of internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Method for determining the direction of rotation of the crankshaft of internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN110017214A CN110017214A CN201811542674.9A CN201811542674A CN110017214A CN 110017214 A CN110017214 A CN 110017214A CN 201811542674 A CN201811542674 A CN 201811542674A CN 110017214 A CN110017214 A CN 110017214A
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/0097—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating speed signals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D29/00—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto
- F02D29/06—Controlling engines, such controlling being peculiar to the devices driven thereby, the devices being other than parts or accessories essential to engine operation, e.g. controlling of engines by signals external thereto peculiar to engines driving electric generators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/243—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the phase or frequency of AC
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P3/00—Measuring linear or angular speed; Measuring differences of linear or angular speeds
- G01P3/42—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means
- G01P3/44—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed
- G01P3/48—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage
- G01P3/481—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals
- G01P3/488—Devices characterised by the use of electric or magnetic means for measuring angular speed by measuring frequency of generated current or voltage of pulse signals delivered by variable reluctance detectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2200/00—Input parameters for engine control
- F02D2200/02—Input parameters for engine control the parameters being related to the engine
- F02D2200/10—Parameters related to the engine output, e.g. engine torque or engine speed
- F02D2200/101—Engine speed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/14—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage
- G01D5/142—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices
- G01D5/147—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing the magnitude of a current or voltage using Hall-effect devices influenced by the movement of a third element, the position of Hall device and the source of magnetic field being fixed in respect to each other
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/12—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means
- G01D5/244—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains
- G01D5/245—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable using electric or magnetic means influencing characteristics of pulses or pulse trains; generating pulses or pulse trains using a variable number of pulses in a train
- G01D5/2454—Encoders incorporating incremental and absolute signals
- G01D5/2455—Encoders incorporating incremental and absolute signals with incremental and absolute tracks on the same encoder
- G01D5/2457—Incremental encoders having reference marks
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of for determining the direction of rotation (α of the crankshaft (17 ') of axis (17), especially internal combustion engine (112)+、α‑) method, the axis and motor (30) directly or speed change couple, the motor includes rotor (32) and stator (33), and the stator is at least one phase winding (U, V, W), wherein at least one phase signal (U of the motor (30)U、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) there is at least one value (WUu、WUd、WVu、WVd、WWu、WWd、WU0、WV0、WW0), described value occurs at least once respectively in every turn of the rotor (32), wherein uses a phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) at least one value (WUu、WUd、WVu、WVd、WWu、WWd、WU0、WV0、WW0) go out current moment and at least one other standard (K) to determine direction of rotation (α+、α‑).In addition, the computing unit is arranged for executing the method, and the computer program is for executing the method the present invention relates to a kind of corresponding computing unit and a kind of computer program.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for determining the direction of rotation of axis, especially crankshaft, the axis and motor are direct
Or speed change couple, the motor includes rotor and stator, and the stator has at least one phase winding.
Background technique
The rotary angle position and revolving speed of the crankshaft of internal combustion engine are the bases of the multiple functions for electronic engine control
This input quantity.It, can be in main body with identical angular distance setting flag, the crankshaft one of the main body and internal combustion engine for its acquisition
Play rotation.Skimming over for label can detect by sensor and can be passed to evaluation electronics as electric signal, institute
State skim over be crankshaft rotation result.
This electronic device is that crankshaft, corresponding rotary angle position determines the signal stored or measurement thus respectively
Time difference, further, it is possible to thus revolving speed to obtain angular speed and is obtained based on the known angular distance between two labels, it is described
For signal for marking, the time difference is the time difference between two labels.For motor vehicle, especially with regard to motorcycle,
For trail bike or motor-mounted bicycle, label can for example by the tooth of so-called sensing wheel, metal gear come
It provides, the tooth causes the variation in magnetic field by its movement in the sensor.The gap of some teeth can be used as reference mark, institute
State reference mark absolute position for identification.
At most using the tooth of 60-2 (60 teeth are uniformly distributed, wherein 2 tooth holdings are left a blank) in passenger car, and
The tooth of 36-2,24-2 or 12-3 are for example also used in motorcycle or motor-mounted bicycle.With regard to this revolving speed of crankshaft it is determining or
For the indirect principle that person's rotary angle position determines, the resolution ratio of tach signal or the absolute sense of rotary angle position are logical
It crosses the quantity of tooth and is determined by reference mark, reliable identification.Typically, these systems are relative to direction of rotation
It is constant, therefore be based only upon signal and can not obtain the variation of the direction of rotation of axis or the direction of rotation of axis, the signal by
Tooth generates.
Be fitted with generator in each modern vehicle with internal combustion engine, the generator by the rotation of crankshaft come
Driving.The generator provides electric signal, also, for electric energy supply of vehicles and be vehicle battery charging.In no this hair
In the case where motor, vehicle, prespecified operation is impossible or is only possible within the very short time.
Such as in 0664887 B1 of EP, the use of the electric output of motor (generator) is used for revolving speed and determines, described
Motor is driven by crankshaft.Come for this purpose, the phase of generator can be used as benchmark using application pulsation is straight at the phase
Galvanic electricity pressure.
Therefore, expect to illustrate a kind of possibility, even if also obtaining turning for motor in the case where not using additional component
The direction of rotation of the crankshaft of son or internal combustion engine, the direction of rotation can be used for controlling internal combustion engine.
Summary of the invention
According to the invention it is proposed that a kind of method of the feature with claim 1.Advantageous scheme is that appurtenance is wanted
It sums theme described below.
Invention advantage
Be used to determine the especially axis of the internal combustion engine of motor-mounted bicycle, preferably internal combustion engine crankshaft direction of rotation method and
Speech, obtains at least one value from least one phase signal of motor, the axis and motor directly or speed change however
Coupling while there is fixed angular relationship between the rotor of motor and the crankshaft of internal combustion engine, the motor includes rotor and stator,
The stator has at least one phase winding, and described value occurs at least once respectively in every turn of the rotor, wherein uses
One phase signal at least one value goes out current moment and at least one other standard with the direction of rotation of the determination axis.
It should be appreciated that axis can be the crankshaft of internal combustion engine or the axis of rotor, the axis of the rotor fixedly with internal combustion engine
Crankshaft couple to transmit rotary motion.Within the framework of the invention, the rising of described at least one value and the phase signal
The zero crossing at edge, the trailing edge edge of the phase signal and/or the phase signal is associated, wherein uses the phase
The rising edge edge and/or trailing edge edge of signal and/or the zero crossing of the phase signal are with the determination axis
Direction of rotation.This scheme is particularly advantageous, because can be extremely simple and accurately in the voltage signal of motor
Rising edge edge, trailing edge edge and the zero crossing of phase signal are detected, this accordingly can reliably obtain the direction of rotation of axis.
The method is particularly suitable for the reverse rotation of the crankshaft of identification internal combustion engine, the fortune for counter-rotating in internal combustion engine
Capable or internal combustion engine deactivated period is likely to occur.In the case where groundless method of the invention, in crankshaft reversal rotation
Be lost the understanding of the exact position about crankshaft because based on from the prior art it is known, typically invariable rotary is
System, can not easily identify this reverse rotation of crankshaft.If such as " engine stop is (in deactivating in operating status
Combustion engine) " in there is the reverse rotation of crankshaft, then, must be longer in subsequent starting before arriving again at reference mark
Internal combustion engine is temporally for example drawn by starter, the starter and internal combustion engine couple, and the reference mark is passed in revolving speed
At sensor, synchronous regime is triggered in engine controller as a result, further, it is possible to can be into driving stroke again
Row meets defined injection and igniting.
This delays start-up course, and the time for reaching desired revolving speed, (such as it for example in the idling condition could
In the presence of as) it is unnecessary.Therefore, have an advantage in that can in the integrally rotated sub-fraction of crankshaft for the method
Identify its reverse rotation, accurate crank position continues to be recorded in continuous operation as a result, and can correspond to faster
Start-up course is completed fastly.Thereby, it is possible to quickly realize internal combustion engine, desired revolving speed.
It is special that the method also has the advantages that in motorcycle or other light motorcycles.Corresponding motorcycle protection
Can for example it be ensured in the following manner within the framework of the invention: for example when starting internal combustion engine, in piston at least
One piston will not cross (ü berwinden) igniting top dead centre and turn round.In this state, it should not be carried out in piston
Fuel-air mixture is lighted, because the mixture otherwise lighted can be arranged after the compression stroke carried out backward
Enter into fresh air channel, thereby, it is possible to lead to the fresh air channel, corresponding damage.
Such as in beginning it has been mentioned that the method can be used to determine that the crankshaft of axis, especially internal combustion engine in principle
Direction of rotation.However, particularly in, the reverse rotation (opposite with determined by internal combustion engine, the privileged direction of rotation) of crankshaft
It can reliably be identified.It is this for example to be closed with rotary motion internal combustion engine, that common privileged direction is opposite
Occur when internal combustion engine, the rotary motion hereinafter referred to as reversely rotates.This occurs in the following manner: the song of internal combustion engine
Axis before final resting position, stop for example light a fire after be subjected to reversely rotate torque, the reverse rotation torque by
At least one cylinder in the cylinder of internal combustion engine causes, and the cylinder works as gas spring.Another situation is that vehicle
The reverse rotation of crankshaft, can occur in the described situation in movement under the closed state of internal combustion engine, when power train is closed.
(eingenommen) adjustment that can result in the hypothesis to resting position when internal combustion engine deactivates as a result, in Rotating speed measring
It must be just synchronized again by means of controller under frame, when internal combustion engine is again started up, accordingly to compensate crankshaft, reality
The position on border.
When engine start interrupts, due to air-fuel mixture (the gas bullet compressed at least one cylinder
Spring) it also can result in corresponding reverse rotation motion, when engine start interrupts, the starter intervened in internal combustion engine is such
Prematurely start, so that at least one piston in the piston does not cross igniting top dead centre and therefore without starting entirely
Internal combustion engine.
In internal combustion engine continuous operation, can occur song in internal combustion engine, low revolving speed especially in free-runing operation
The reverse rotation of axis, when at least one combustion chamber for entering excessive filler in combustion chamber and throwing open air throttle
When middle.Especially for the engine with high compression ratio and/or few cylinder and/or big volume of cylinder, Neng Gourong
Easily there are these situations.
These situations can be identified simple and reliablely in the frame of method above-mentioned.Method above-mentioned is especially
Suitable for following systems, revolving speed identification is implemented in the frame of motor in the system.
Following disadvantages can be especially prevented by means of the method, the disadvantage is in the frame of operating status above-mentioned
It is described, wherein can only employ following system units in an advantageous manner, the system unit is with motor and/or other
The form of speed probe (especially induction type speed probe).
In of the invention, another preferred scheme, by speed probe, the letter of especially induction type speed probe
Number change procedure is used as other standard, with the direction of rotation of the determination axis.This scheme is advantageous, because also can
It is enough to use the system with induction type speed probe and motor, so as to reliably identify the reverse rotation of internal combustion engine,
The motor is constantly present in principle in such systems, with the energy supply for onboard power system.Here, enough in principle
It is: when motor is monophase machine, also, is based on one phase, the signal of phase signal and speed probe is used for
Determine the direction of rotation of crankshaft.This keeps this embodiment particularly advantageous, because the requirement to motor falls below the smallest degree,
Because a phase is only needed to determine the direction of rotation of crankshaft in conjunction with induction type speed probe.Motor also can be multiphase
Motor, wherein the signal of only one or two phases and corresponding speed probe in the phase is used, with true
Determine the reverse rotation of internal combustion engine.
In another preferred embodiment, there are slopes in the signal change procedure of induction type speed probe
When first gradient type, rotating in the forward direction for the axis, described value and hair are inferred in there is the time range after described value
The phase voltage of motor is associated, alternatively, in the signal change procedure of the induced voltage of speed probe there are slope, in addition
Gradient type when, the reversed rotation of the axis is inferred in there is the time range after the value of at least one phase signal
Turn, the other gradient type is different from first gradient type.Corresponding gradient type refers in signal change procedure just
Gradient and negative gradient.According to inductosyn or the phase position of the signal change procedure of phase signal just or
Negative gradient can be associated with positive or reverse rotation.As beginning is defined, rotate in the forward direction as internal combustion engine in its operation
Period, common preferential direction of rotation.Therefore, the reverse rotation of axis is the rotation fortune on the direction opposite with privileged direction
It is dynamic.The gradient of slope be corresponding signal signal change procedure (that is the signal change procedure of induced voltage or
The signal change procedure of corresponding phase signal) in, corresponding slope.This embodiment is particularly advantageous, because from
In can be extremely simple and reliably identify corresponding rotary motion.
In another embodiment, at least two other values of phase signal are used as other standard, wherein
First value and described two other values are derived from different phase signals respectively, wherein referring to first value and institute
The chronological order for stating two other values is inferred to the direction of rotation of the axis.Because the case where direction of rotation changes
Under, the appearance of the phase signal in three-phase or polyphase machine is not constant, the feature based on different phase signals
The order of value can conclude that the forward direction of shaft or the presence of reverse rotation.Embodiment above-mentioned is especially advantageous, because of energy
It is based only upon the phase signal of motor enough to be inferred to the direction of rotation of rotor, also, thus also can be inferred that and be connected with rotor
The direction of rotation of the axis (the especially crankshaft of internal combustion engine) connect, and do not need other sensing mechanism thus, especially induction type
Sensing mechanism.
In another embodiment, at least one other value of phase signal is used as other standard, wherein institute
State the first value and the second value derived from different phase signals respectively, wherein referring to second value edge type or
The type (rise or decline) of the gradient at person edge is inferred to the direction of rotation, and the second value follows described in time
First value.Since in the case where direction of rotation changes, the appearance of the phase signal in three-phase or polyphase machine is not not
Become, so direction of rotation can be gone out based on the edge type inference of second value.Embodiment above-mentioned is advantageous, as long as not answering
When all phases of generator to be used for the revolving speed and position detection of axis, but it should only extract the information of direction of rotation.
In another preferred embodiment, there are direct times of the first value, second value and other value time
When sequence, it is inferred to the reverse rotation of the axis, alternatively, there are first value, the other value and the second values
Direct chronological order when, be inferred to rotating in the forward direction for the axis.Embodiment above-mentioned is particularly advantageous, because being based only upon
Corresponding value can trace back to the direction of rotation of axis about the order occurred each other, and thereby, it is possible to implement the rotation to motor
Direction, extremely simple and steady identification.
The method, in another preferred embodiment, using the direction of rotation of crankshaft, for controlling
The igniting and/or injection of the internal combustion engine, at least one cylinder in particular for controlling the internal combustion engine.Especially by hair
Motivation controller, phase signal to motor detection and processing accordingly can be used to control igniting, or for
In the controller of internal combustion engine, internal combustion engine Torque Control.It is in supervisory controller (especially engine controller), right
The control answered is particularly preferred, because it has existed for and can accordingly employ system resource, as a result, anyway
Controller can be also aggregated into for direction of rotation identification, corresponding functional and for controlling internal combustion engine functionality
In, occur the synergistic effect in terms of the adjusting and communication structure that can be used in conjunction with as a result,.
For this purpose, used computing unit has corresponding integrated circuit and/or computer program, the computing unit is excellent
Choosing is configured to the engine controller of internal combustion engine, the computer program storage on a memory, the integrated circuit or
Computer program described in person is arranged for executing method and step above-mentioned.
The implementation of the method in the form of a computer program is advantageous, because which results in especially low costs, especially
It is the computer program when the controller of execution is also used for other task and therefore has existed anyway
It is preferably stored in data medium, especially stores on a memory in a software form, also, for implementing the method
It can be used or be arranged integrated circuit, especially ASIC(specific integrated circuit in computing unit).For providing computer program
, suitable data medium especially magnetic memory, optical memory or electrical storage, as its repeatedly from the prior art known to
's.
Of the invention, other advantage and scheme in specification and appended attached drawing by obtaining.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 diagrammatically illustrates sensing wheel with sensor, determining in particular for revolving speed；
Fig. 2 a to c shows the schematic diagram (a, b) with the motor of internal combustion engine coupling, and, the signal change procedure (c) attached；
Fig. 3 schematically shows motor together with phase signal that is corresponding, attaching；
Fig. 4 a and 4b show the phase of three-phase motor, possible voltage change process (a), and, a phase in phase
The enlarged drawing (b) of position；
Fig. 5 shows system according to first embodiment, and the system has motor and inductosyn, and the induction type passes
Sensor is used to detect the direction of rotation of the crankshaft of internal combustion engine；
Fig. 6 shows the system according to another embodiment, and the system has polyphase machine to detect the crankshaft of internal combustion engine
Direction of rotation；
Fig. 7 a, 7b show the phase change process of motor, different phase signal and when the rotor of motor rotate in the forward direction
(a) signal of (b) induction type speed probe when and reversely rotating；And
Fig. 8 a, 8b show the phase of the motor from Fig. 7 a and 7b, different phase signal with view amplify, Utopian
Position change procedure.
Specific embodiment
In Fig. 1, it is schematically shown that sensing wheel 20 and inductosyn 10 attach, speed probe G, such as
They the rotary angle position determining or for approximatively obtaining crankshaft for revolving speed obtain in the prior art using
Like that.Here, sensing wheel 20 and the crankshaft of internal combustion engine are permanently connected, also, 10 position of sensor is fixedly installed in conjunction
At suitable position.
Sensing wheel 20 has tooth 22, and the sensing wheel is usually made of ferromagnetic material, and the tooth is arranged in outside, institute
Outside is stated with the distance 21 between two teeth 22.At a position on the outside, sensing wheel 20 is in predetermined number
Tooth length in have gap 23.This gap 23 is used as reference mark, reference mark sensing wheel 20 for identification
Absolute position.
Sensor 10 has bar magnet 11, and the pole pin 12 of soft magnetism is equipped at the bar magnet.Pole pin 12 again by
Induction coil 13 surrounds.In sensing wheel rotation, tooth 22 and the clearance space between every two tooth pass alternately between sensing
The induction coil 13 of device 10.Since sensing wheel is made and therefore tooth 22 is also made of ferromagnetic material of ferromagnetic material, just rotate
When, signal is induced in coil, therefore can distinguish between tooth 22 and air gap.
By being associated with for time difference between two teeth and angle, angular velocity or revolving speed and furthermore can be calculated
Also crankshaft, corresponding angle position can be approximatively calculated, the two teeth surround out the angle.
At gap 23, signal in induction coil, being induced has a change procedure, and the change procedure is different
The case where when elsewhere in tooth 22 alternate using clearance space.In this way, however only with reference to primary complete bent
Axis rotation, absolute position mark is possible.Only from the voltage U to be inducedInd(to this ginseng in the output signal of form
See Fig. 7 a and 7b) direction of rotation of sensing wheel can not be read out, because induced in the case where direction of rotation changes
Voltage is by UIndDo not changed with determining by geometry.
Internal combustion engine 112 is shown in fig. 2 a, motor 30 is directly or speed change is connected at the internal combustion engine with coupling,
In, motor 30 is driven by the crankshaft 17 ' of internal combustion engine 112.Therefore, the revolving speed n of motor 30GenWith the revolving speed n of crankshaft 17 'BKM,
And the Angle Position θ of the rotor of motor 301There is fixed ratio each other with the rotary angle position θ of crankshaft 17 '.This
Outside, charging regulator LR is associated with motor 30, and according to battery B, still remaining capacity, the charging regulator is in vehicle mounted electric
Battery B supplying energy in net 110.
In addition, being provided with computing unit, especially engine controller 122, the engine controller passes through communication link
It connects 124 and exchanges data with motor 30 or with internal combustion engine 112, and be arranged for, accordingly manipulate internal combustion engine 112 and motor
30.External sensing data also can be similarly integrated into communication connection 124, and the sensing data of the outside is such as
Sensor 10, for inductive detection internal combustion engine 122 or motor 30(n preferably fixedly coupled with itEM) revolving speed
Revolving speed nBKMSensing data, wherein sensing data and/or sensor 10 based on motor 30, other sensor number
According to engine controller 122 sends the control signal for being used to control internal combustion engine 112 at the internal combustion engine.Also illustrate rotor
The direction of rotation α of 30 and its axis 17+、α-, wherein α+Rotating in the forward direction in the privileged direction of internal combustion engine 112 is described, also,
α-The reverse rotation of description in the opposite direction.Also illustrate the rotary angle position θ of crankshaft 17 ' or the θ of rotor 321。
In figure 2b, motor 30 is again schematically shown in expanded form.Motor 30 has to be turned with axis 17
Son 32, the rotor have excitation winding and stator 33, and the stator has stator winding U, V, W.Therefore it is related to a kind of separate excitation
Machine, as it is especially common in the motor vehicle.Then, particularly with for motor-mounted bicycle, especially
For small-sized or light automotive bicycle, usually using the motor (motor of i.e. permanent excitation) with permanent magnet.In this hair
In bright frame, two kinds of motor can be used in principle, wherein be not dependent on especially in accordance with method of the invention
The use of the respective type (for example, the permanent motor of excitation or motor of separate excitation) of motor.
Illustratively, motor 30 is configured to alternating current generator, in the motor, induces phase shift relative to each other
Dynamic 120 ° of three phase voltage signals.This threephase generator is used in modern motor vehicles usually as generator,
Also, it is adapted for carrying out according to the method for the present invention.Within the framework of the invention, it is able to use all motors in principle and independence
In the quantity of its phase, wherein be not dependent on the use of the respective type of motor especially in accordance with method of the invention.
Three phases of alternating current generator 30 are indicated with U, V, W.By constructing be positive diode 34 and negative diode 35
Rectifier cell, at the phase decline voltage rectified.Therefore, apply generator voltage between pole B+ and B-
UG, cathode is grounded at the generator voltage.By this alternating current generator 30 for example, battery B or in onboard power system 110
Interior other electrical appliances power supply.
Three charts are shown in figure 2 c, and the chart is shown relative to the rotation angle of the rotor 32 of motor 30 matches
The voltage change process of category.In the chart on top, the voltage change process at phase U, V, W is delineated.In general
It should be appreciated that be only exemplary in this chart and in the digital sum value range illustrated in subsequent chart, also,
Therefore there is no limit the present invention in principle.
Generator voltage U is shown in the chart at middle partG, the generator voltage is by voltage change process U, V, W
The envelope curve of positive and negative half-wave is formed.
In the chart of lower part, rectified generator voltage U is finally shownG-(referring to fig. 2 a) together with this generator
Voltage UGeffVirtual value, they are all applied between B+ and B-.
In Fig. 3, it is schematically shown that stator 33, the stator have phase U, V, W and from Fig. 2 b positive two
Pole pipe 34 and negative diode 35.In principle it should be appreciated that it is as shown here, in the form of positive diode 34 and negative diode 35
Rectifier cell, transistor, especially MOSFET(metal-oxide-half can be also configured in the case where active rectifier
Conductor-field effect transistor) (not shown).Further there is illustrated the names of hereinafter used, appearance voltage and current
Method.
UU、UV、UWThe phase voltage for alternatively indicating attached phase U, V, W, such as them in outer conductor and stator 33
As declining between star convergence point.UUV、UVW、UWUIndicate the voltage between two phases or its outer conductor attached it
Between voltage.
IU、IV、IWIndicate the phase current of phase U, V, W to star convergence point, corresponding outer conductor.I is indicated in rectification
The total current of all phases afterwards.
In fig.4, three phase voltage U are now illustratedU、UV、UW, the phase voltage is in three charts with phase
Potential reference for the time, about B-, it is described outer such as it appeared in the generator with external pole rotor
There are six permanent magnets for portion pole rotor tool.This view of motor 30 with threephase stator winding 33 only can illustratively be seen
Out, wherein in principle in the case where not limiting generality, can also implement on generator according to the method for the present invention, institute
Stating generator has the phase for corresponding to the quantity for meeting demand or permanent magnet or magnet exciting coil.Similarly, instead of stator-line
Star-wiring of circle can also select triangle-wiring or other kinds of wire laying mode.
Phase voltage U for the motor 30 with electric current output, in the first approximationU、UV、UWChange procedure be square
Shape.This is explained particularly by following manner: by generator voltage, positive diode or negative diode are flowing through direction
Upper conduction, and therefore measure about 15-16 volts of (battery charging voltage for 12V lead-acid accumulator and positive two
Voltage at pole pipe) or it is 0.7-1 volts negative (voltage at negative diode).The reference potential of measurement is respectively greatly.?
It can select other with reference to point, such as the star convergence point of stator.This shows the signal change procedure deviateed, however not
Change the information that can be assessed, its acquisition and analysis.
In principle, phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) can obtain in different ways.Such as it is likely that
Mutually obtain phase voltage (UUV、UUW、UWU), it is obtained by the rectifier of connection relative to the diode of its output terminal (B+, B-)
Phase voltage is taken, as long as the stator of motor and the star convergence point that can be intercepted are in star-like connection, is considered harness (Str nge)
Relative to star convergence point (UU、UV、UW) output voltage or similar, phase current assessment.
Phase voltage U from Fig. 4 aU、UV、UWIt is drawn jointly in fig. 4b.Here, can clearly identify uniform
Phase offset.
During the primary complete rotation of the rotor 32 of motor 30, voltage signal passes through six magnet (especially permanent magnetism
Body), i.e. it is so-called extremely to repeat six times.Therefore, each phase, that is to say, that each revolution of each phase voltage of each rotor 32
UU、UV、UWThere are six trailing edges along FLDWith six rising edges along FLU(for corresponding phase FLUU、FLVU、FLWUAnd FLUD、
FLVD、FLWD).
These edges determine angle segment, that is, are precisely the angle segment covered along the radial circumference of stator by magnet.Accordingly,
Recognizing corresponding edge FLUOr FLDWhen, can obtain when understanding the absolute reference point of each circulation, the absolute ginseng
Examination point utilizes phase voltage U referring for example to reference magnetU、UV、UW, different from other magnets characteristic characterizes.
Now, using suitable device, it can recognize that trailing edge along FLDWith rising edge along FLU.For example, for each phase
For voltage, TTL- signal can be generated by means of so-called Schmidt-trigger, further, it is possible to be transmitted to controller,
Especially engine controller 122.Required Schmidt-trigger can integrate in the controller or in control electronic device
In (such as controller, adjuster for cell voltage), and/or, corresponding hair is integrated in the case where active rectifier
In regulex, alternatively, also it can be associated in outside.Especially for use controller, especially engine control
Device 122(referring to fig. 2 a) the case where for, each TTL- signal by every route or can pass through the combination of upstream electricity
Sub- device or other devices are suitably integrated into, and only can a) be transmitted referring to fig. 2 by a data line 124(.
In fig. 4b, value WU、WV、WWIt is associated with phase voltage U respectivelyU、UV、UW, the end on corresponding trailing edge edge, it is described
Value is also indicated as WUd、WVd、WWd.Similarly, corresponding value WUu、WVu、WWuAlso rising edge can be associated with along FLU.These values
Also it can be used in identifying the direction of rotation α of crankshaft 17 ' rotor 32 or coupled with it+、α-.Referring to the plateau of phase signal
Flat region (Plateaubereiche) or therebetween other regions and the rotary angle position α for identifying rotor 321Being also may
's.Similarly, described value could be used for, reference time difference △ t1、△t2、△t3To obtain the revolving speed of motor 30.Below
In, in the case where not limiting generality, direction of rotation α+It is referred to as positive.This is internal combustion engine 112 or electricity coupled with it
Machine 30 during operation, typical direction of rotation.Direction of rotation α-It is corresponding opposite direction and is referred to as reversed.
Here, occurring 18 trailing edges in total along FL when six permanent magnets are uniformly distributed in motor 30d, and
And thus every turn of 18 values attached distance appearance to be equal to each other respectively.Therefore, in time difference △ t1、△t2Or △ t3
360 °/18=20 ° of angle that period is inswept.Such as beginning it has been mentioned that this could be used for the rotation side of identification rotor 32
Toα+、α-, wherein exemplary 20 ° of acquired expression angle steps that can be detected.In addition, thus can also obtain angular speed
ωi.This is by ωi=20°/△tiIt obtains, also, is associated with its revolving speed niBy revolving speed n per minutei=ωi/360°·60s/
Min is obtained.
In principle it is understood that substituting the trailing edge of corresponding phase U, V, W along FLD, rising edge is along FLUAlso can be used in
Obtain the direction of rotation α of rotor 32+、α-, also can be used in the transient speed n for obtaining motor 30Gen.Pass through the double of each revolution of value
Quantity correspondingly obtains the direction of rotation α of rotor 32+、α-With revolving speed nGen, higher resolution ratio.In addition, the edge energy of phase
It is enough to be assessed in a manner of various other, such as by the rising edge of each identical phase along FLUWith trailing edge along FLDTime
Interval perhaps the time interval between corresponding phase or by the rising edge of identical phase along FLUOr decline
Edge FLDTime interval or the common time interval of all phases.
In addition to rising edge is along FLUWith trailing edge along FLDExcept, for this acquisition or for the direction of rotation of rotor 32
α+、α-With revolving speed nGenAcquisition, improve resolution ratio, be also able to use phase signal UU、UV、UWZero crossing WU0、WV0、
WW0。
The direction of rotation α of rotor 32+、α-With its axis 17 and therefore the rotary angle position θ or rotor 32 of crankshaft 17 '
Rotary angle position θ1Can according to first embodiment the electric signal (referring to Fig. 6) from motor 30 (especially in independent position
In phase voltage UU、UV、UWOr it is associated with its phase current IU、IV、IW) in, and/or, according to another embodiment (referring to figure
5) it is used as phase voltage UU、UV、UWIn at least one phase voltage (or be associated with its phase current IU、IV、IWAnd speed probe
10 voltage signal Uind) combination obtain.
It should be appreciated that other number of pole-pairs mesh can also occur, implement relative to above, the number of magnet, rise and under
Drop edge correspondingly changes.
It has been illustrated in Figure 5 the direction of rotation α of the rotor 32 for obtaining motor 30+、α-First embodiment topology knot
Structure.This topological structure has speed probe G, and the speed probe has inductosyn 10 and sensing wheel 20, institute
Sensing wheel is stated to be arranged for determining the revolving speed of the crankshaft of internal combustion engine 112 (referring to Fig. 1).The signal U of speed probe GindIt is passed
Engine controller 122 is delivered to be further processed.In addition, motor 30 has the rectifier 34 for being arranged in downstream, 35(referring to figure
2b) and corresponding charging regulator LR, the motor are currently configured to the three-phase motor with phase U, V, W, the charging
Adjuster is used for battery B, and the battery is that corresponding component (especially controller 122) supplies electric energy.In charging regulator LR
Data connection 124 is provided between engine control 122, the data connection will be having pre-processed, electric from phase
The rotary speed data n or corresponding phase signal of pressure are transferred directly to engine controller 122.In principle, it will be noted that: for
For embodiment as described in Figure 5, at least one phase motor be it is required, the embodiment be used for based on turn
The direction of rotation of fast sensor G and motor identifies α+、α-, can also reduce as a result, phase quantity (U, V as described in currently,
W).
Describe another topological structure according to another embodiment, wherein in Fig. 6 in order to identify the rotation of motor 30
Turn direction α+、α-, only employed phase signal U, V, W.Rest part, refering in the description of the embodiment about Fig. 5 to corresponding
Component description.
In figure 7 a, phase voltage U is shownU、UV、UWChange procedure and the induction that is obtained by speed probe 10
Signal Uind, the inductive signal for motor, reversely rotate α-(Fig. 7 a) or rotate in the forward direction α+The rotor 32 of (Fig. 7 b).
As the U for corresponding phase signalU、UV、UWCharacteristic value, the zero crossing W of currently used phase voltageu0、Wv0、Ww0.However,
It in principle also can be accordingly by the rising of phase voltage (a, 4b referring to fig. 4) or trailing edge along as characteristic value, the feature
Value is used for the U of phase signalu、Uv、Uw。
It can recognize that herein, over time, the zero passage for the rotor 32 above reversely rotated in reversed α-
Point has the zero crossing W of corresponding phase U, V, W, U, V, W, U, V, Wu0To Ww0Order eigenperiod.Just in so-called forward direction
α+On for the rotor 32 that rotates in the forward direction, zero crossing Wu0To Ww0Chronological order be U, W, V, U, W, V etc..Referring to this feature,
The rotation that rotor 32 can be reliably obtained according to another embodiment is reversed, also, therefore, can be according to another embodiment
Obtain the direction of rotation of the crankshaft 17 ' of internal combustion engine.
It according to another embodiment, can be derived from Fig. 7 a, there are reversed α-If such as zero crossing Wu0Later
Follow the zero crossing W of the gradient with declinev0.Conversely, Fig. 7 b is shown, there are positive α+If such as zero crossing Wu0Heel
With the zero crossing W with the gradient risenv0。
In order to preferably, illustrate phase signal relative to each other, rotate in the forward direction α for rotor 32 in Fig. 8 a+And
And it is directed to the reverse rotation α of rotor 32 in figure 8b-, phase voltage U is exaggerated in a manner of Utopian againu、Uv、UwWith it is corresponding
Zero crossing, also, it is ideally shown as sinusoidal change procedure.In an identical manner, can also make
With other characteristic value WUu、WUd、WVu、WVd、WWu、WWdTo be used for direction of rotation α+、α-Identification.
According to first embodiment, direction of rotation α is further illustrated based on embodiment out shown in fig. 5+、α-'s
It determines.
In Fig. 7 a and b, illustrate angle offset or-, the angle offset illustrates in the signal U incudedind's
The phase voltage U of coordinate system and motor 30u、Uv、UwPhase position between movement.Here, should identify that, passing through example
Phase that property selects (currently for the zero crossing of U) after, the signal voltage U of speed probe 10indThe axis U just rotated in the forward direction+And
The lasting axis U for rising, also, just reversely rotating of speech-For continue to decline.If it is assumed that in principle in the voltage U incudedind
And there are phase offset (that is, ≠ 0) between the phase position of the corresponding phase in generator, then can based on it is above-mentioned,
The zero crossing of corresponding phase and it is subsequent in time, in the voltage signal U incudedindIn the association of gradient infer
α is rotated in the forward direction out+Or reversely rotate α-.In principle it should be appreciated that in order to identify shaft forward direction or reversely rotate α+or
α-, can ignore that possible interference volume (for example, in the first approximation, with regard to load generator for pole wheel angle
Precise knowledge), or can also be considered if known to the interference volume.
In some cases, the signal voltage U of speed probe 10indOnly for the zero crossing with following gradient types
And be evaluated, the gradient type is only to decline or is only to rise.For example, if only having evaluated the gradient of non-rising type,
It is obtained from Fig. 7 a, in reversed α-On, and in signal voltage UindZero crossing and generator phase, subsequent zero crossing it
Between compare, in the zero crossing and signal voltage U of generator phaseind, there are the significantly larger times between subsequent zero crossing
Section.It is immediately arrived at from Fig. 7 b: for opposite direction of rotation (positive α+) for, there are time interval, opposite relationships.
Therefore, in the signal voltage U for only assessing speed probe 10indGradient type in the case where, also can in conjunction at least one hair
The signal of motor phase is inferred to direction of rotation.
Claims (11)
1. direction of rotation (the α of the crankshaft (17 ') for determining axis (17), especially internal combustion engine (112)+、α-) method, it is described
Axis and motor (30) directly or speed change couple, the motor includes rotor (32) and stator (33), and the stator is with extremely
A few phase winding (U, V, W), wherein at least one phase signal (U of the motor (30)U、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) have
At least one value (WUu、WUd、WVu、WVd、WWu、WWd、WU0、WV0、WW0), described value goes out respectively in every turn of the rotor (32)
Now at least once, wherein use a phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) at least one value (WUu、WUd、WVu、WVd、WWu、
WWd、WU0、WV0、WW0) go out current moment and at least one other standard (K) with the direction of rotation (α of the determination axis (17)+、
α-).
2. according to the method described in claim 1, wherein, at least one value (WUu、WUd、WVu、WVd、WWu、WWd、WU0、WV0、
WW0) and the phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) rising edge along (FlUu、FlVu、FlWu), the phase signal (UU、
UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) trailing edge along (FlUd、FlVd、FlWd) and/or the phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) zero passage
Point (FlU0、FlV0、FlW0) associated, wherein use the phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) the rising edge edge
(FlUu、FlVu、FlWu) and/or the phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) the trailing edge along (FlUd、FlVd、FlWd)
And/or phase signal (the UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) the zero crossing (FlU0、FlV0、FlW0) with the determination rotation side
To (α+、α-).
3. according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein by speed probe (G), especially induction type revolution speed sensing
Signal change procedure (the U of device (10)ind) it is used as other standard (K), with the direction of rotation (α of the determination axis (17)+、α-).
4. according to the method described in claim 3, wherein, in the signal change procedure (Uind) in there are slope first ladder
When spending type, there is described value (WUu、WUd、WVu、WVd、WWu、WWd、WU0、WV0、WW0) after time range in be inferred to institute
That states axis (17) rotates in the forward direction (α+), alternatively, in the signal change procedure (Uind) in there are slopes, other gradient class
When type, there is described value (WUu、WUd、WVu、WVd、WWu、WWd、WU0、WV0、WW0) after time range in be inferred to the axis
(17) reverse rotation (α-).
5. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein another using at least two as other standard (K)
Outer value (WUu、WUd、WVu、WVd、WWu、WWd、WU0、WV0、WW0), wherein the first value (WUu、WUd、WU0) and it is described two other
It is worth (WVu、WVd、WWu、WWd、WV0、WW0) respectively from different phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) in derive, wherein ginseng
According to the first value (WUu、WUd、WU0) and described two other value (WVu、WVd、WWu、WWd、WV0、WW0) chronological order infer
Direction of rotation (the α of the axis (17) out+、α-).
6. according to the method described in claim 5, wherein, there are the first value (WUu、WUd、WU0), second value (WVu、WVd、
WV0) and other value (WWu、WWd、WW0) direct chronological order when, be inferred to the reverse rotation (α of the axis (17)-), or
Person, there are the first value (WUu、WUd、WU0), the other value (WWu、WWd、WW0) and the second value (WVu、WVd、
WV0) direct chronological order when, be inferred to the axis (17) rotates in the forward direction (α+).
7. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein by the phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW)
At least one other value (WUu、WUd、WU0) it is used as other standard, wherein the first value (WUu、WUd、WU0) and it is described
Second value (WUu、WUd、WU0) respectively from different phase signal (UU、UV、UW、IU、IV、IW) in derive, wherein referring to edge
Type inference goes out the direction of rotation (α+、α-), the edge type and the second value (WUu、WUd、WU0) associated, described the
Two-value follows the first value (W in timeUu、WUd、WU0).
8. method according to any of the preceding claims, wherein use the direction of rotation (α of the axis (17)+、
α-), with the point of at least one cylinder for controlling the internal combustion engine (112), in particular for controlling the internal combustion engine (112)
Fire and/or injection.
9. computing unit, is preferably used to the engine controller (122) of internal combustion engine (112), the computing unit passes through correspondence
Integrated circuit and/or be arranged for by computer program, execute side according to any one of the preceding claims
Method, the computer program storage is on a memory.
10. computer program, the computer program promotes computing unit to execute according to claim 1 to any one of 8 institutes
The method stated, when it is executed on the computing unit.
11. the storage medium that machine can be read, the storage medium has being stored thereon, according to claim 10
Computer program.
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| DE102017222834.2A DE102017222834A1 (en) | 2017-12-15 | 2017-12-15 | Method for determining a direction of rotation of a crankshaft of an internal combustion engine |
| DE102017222834.2 | 2017-12-15 |
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| CN119004051B (en) * | 2024-10-24 | 2024-12-31 | 合肥工业大学 | District phase identification and topology identification method based on intelligent lockset positioning of metering box |
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| US20030089336A1 (en) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-15 | Leo Kiessling | Microelectronic ignition method and ignition module with ignition spark burn-time prolonging for an internal combustion engine |
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