CN110015195B - An electric vehicle thermal management system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a heat management system for an electric vehicle, comprising a first pipeline circuit and a second pipeline circuit, heat exchange is performed between the first pipeline circuit and the second pipeline circuit through a heat exchanger; the first pipeline circuit is provided with a brake A resistance heater and a device whose working temperature satisfies the first temperature condition, the second pipeline loop is provided with a power battery heating device and a device whose working temperature satisfies the second temperature condition; the heat exchanger is provided with a first pipeline and a second pipeline, and the first pipeline A pipeline is arranged in the first pipeline circuit, and the second pipeline is arranged in the second pipeline circuit; the temperature value of the first temperature condition is greater than the temperature value of the second temperature condition. The technical solution provided by the present invention sets the equipment with relatively high temperature value requirements in the first pipeline loop, and the equipment with relatively low temperature value requirements and relatively large range changes in the second pipeline loop, which not only satisfies the requirements of various Components have different requirements for temperature, and it is convenient to control the temperature of each component.

Description

An electric vehicle thermal management system

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of electric vehicle heat management, and in particular relates to an electric vehicle heat management system.

Background technique

New energy buses, especially pure electric buses, due to the limitation of their driving methods, there is no engine waste heat that can be used to provide warm air for the vehicle during heating in winter, which makes the heating effect of the vehicle poor. This problem is particularly prominent in winter. As the temperature in the cabin is too low, it will seriously affect the comfort of the driver and passengers, so measures need to be taken to heat the vehicle. At present, the heating method commonly used in vehicles is to install electric air conditioners and electric auxiliary heating devices on the vehicle, and the two devices are used together to heat the vehicle. However, when the electric air conditioner and electric auxiliary heating work, the power battery needs to be used for power supply, which increases the power consumption of the vehicle, makes the power consumption of the power battery too fast, and reduces the cruising range of the vehicle. Mileage drops can be as much as 30% or more. And because the temperature in the morning in winter is very low, for a long time after the vehicle is started, because the power battery core temperature is too low to absorb the electric energy fed back by the vehicle, the energy consumption of the vehicle after starting is further increased.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a heat management system for an electric vehicle, which is used to meet the temperature requirements of different components on an electric vehicle in cold weather.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme provided by the present invention is:

A heat management system for an electric vehicle, comprising a first pipeline circuit and a second pipeline circuit, and heat exchange is performed between the first pipeline circuit and the second pipeline circuit through a heat exchanger;

The first pipeline loop is provided with a braking resistor heater and a device whose working temperature meets the first temperature condition. The braking resistor heater is used to cool the braking resistor and heat the coolant in the first pipeline loop. ;

The second pipeline loop is provided with a power battery temperature adjustment device and a device whose working temperature meets the second temperature condition, and the power battery temperature adjustment device is used for heating or cooling the power battery;

The heat exchanger is provided with a first pipe and a second pipe, wherein the first pipe is provided in the first pipe circuit, and the second pipe is provided in the second pipe circuit;

The first temperature condition is that the temperature is greater than the first temperature setting value, and the second temperature condition is that the temperature is less than the second temperature setting value; the first temperature setting value is greater than the second temperature setting value.

The technical solution provided by the present invention uses the heat generated by the braking resistor during energy consumption braking to heat the power battery, so that the temperature of the power battery is increased, the feedback electric energy can be absorbed, and the cruising range of the vehicle can be increased. Due to the technical solution provided by the present invention, the braking resistance heater with relatively high temperature value requirements and the device whose working temperature satisfies the first temperature condition are arranged in the first pipeline loop, and the temperature value requirements are relatively low and variable The heating device with a wide range and the device whose working temperature meets the second temperature condition are arranged in the second pipeline circuit, which not only meets the different temperature requirements of each component, but also facilitates the temperature control of each component.

Further, the device whose working temperature satisfies the second temperature condition is a cooling device, and the cooling device is arranged at the driving motor and/or the motor controller to cool the driving motor and/or the motor controller.

Using the heat generated by the driving motor and/or the motor controller to heat the coolant in the second pipeline circuit can reduce the energy loss of the braking resistor heater, reduce the battery energy loss, and increase the cruising range of the vehicle.

Further, a cooling fan is provided at the pipe connected to the cooling device for controlling the temperature value of the cooling liquid flowing into the cooling device.

A cooling fan is used to control the temperature value of the cooling liquid flowing into the cooling device, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing into the cooling device will not be too high, affecting the working state of the driving motor and/or the motor controller.

Further, a temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline connected to the cooling device, for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing into the cooling device, and controlling the working state of the electric fan according to the data detected by the temperature sensor.

A temperature sensor is provided to monitor the temperature of the coolant flowing into the cooling unit.

Further, a first water tank and a first water pump are arranged in the first pipeline circuit.

Further, a second water tank and a second water pump are arranged in the second pipeline circuit.

A water tank and a water pump are respectively arranged in the first pipeline circuit and the second pipeline circuit, so that the circulation speed of the cooling liquid can be adjusted, and the heat of the vehicle can be managed more easily.

Further, the power battery temperature adjustment device is also provided with a pipeline, and a one-way valve is provided on the parallel pipeline.

When the power battery temperature adjustment device is not required to work, the heating device can be bypassed through the one-way valve.

Further, a temperature adjustment device is also provided in the second pipeline loop, and the temperature adjustment device is used to be arranged in the air conditioner to provide heat for the air conditioner condenser when the air conditioner condenser is defrosted, or when the power battery needs to be cooled down. Cool the coolant in the second piping circuit.

Setting the temperature adjustment device to provide heat for the air conditioner can make full use of the waste heat of the vehicle.

Further, the temperature adjustment device is provided with pipelines, and a one-way valve is provided on the parallel pipelines.

When the temperature adjustment device is not required to work, the temperature adjustment device can be bypassed through the one-way valve.

The device whose working temperature satisfies the first temperature condition is a cabin heating device, and the cabin heating device includes a radiator and/or a hydroelectric defroster, the radiator is used for heating the cabin of the vehicle, and the hydroelectric defroster is used for defrosting the glass of the cabin .

The cabin heating device, which is set up for cabin heating, can use the braking energy to heat the cabin interior and/or to defrost the glass.

Further, the compartment heating device is also provided with a pipeline, and a one-way valve is provided on the parallel pipeline.

When the cabin heater is not required to operate, the cabin heater can be bypassed via the one-way valve.

Further, the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.

Further, a temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline connected to the power battery temperature adjustment device, which is used to detect the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing into the power battery temperature adjustment device, and control the working efficiency of the heat exchanger according to the data detected by the temperature sensor. .

Setting the temperature sensor can detect the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing into the power battery temperature adjusting device, so as to ensure the cooling or heating effect on the power battery.

Further, a temperature sensor is provided on the pipeline connected to the braking resistance heater, which is used to detect the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing out of the braking resistance heater, and control the power of the braking resistance heater according to the data detected by the temperature sensor. .

A temperature sensor is arranged to detect the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the braking resistor heater, so as to ensure the cooling effect on the braking resistor and also ensure that the working temperature meets the temperature requirement of the first temperature condition device.

Further, the first pipeline of the heat exchanger is provided with a pipeline, and a check valve is provided on the parallel pipeline.

When no heat exchange is required between the first piping circuit and the second piping circuit, the heat exchanger can be bypassed by a one-way valve.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an electric vehicle management system provided in an embodiment.

Detailed ways

The present invention provides a heat management system for an electric vehicle, which is used to meet the temperature requirements of different components on an electric vehicle in cold weather.

For achieving the above object, the technical scheme provided by the present invention is:

A heat management system for an electric vehicle, comprising a first pipeline circuit and a second pipeline circuit, and heat exchange is performed between the first pipeline circuit and the second pipeline circuit through a heat exchanger;

The first pipeline loop is provided with a braking resistor heater and a device whose working temperature meets the first temperature condition. The braking resistor heater is used to cool the braking resistor and heat the coolant in the first pipeline loop. ;

The second pipeline loop is provided with a power battery temperature adjustment device and a device whose working temperature meets the second temperature condition, and the power battery temperature adjustment device is used for heating or cooling the power battery;

The heat exchanger is provided with a first pipe and a second pipe, wherein the first pipe is provided in the first pipe circuit, and the second pipe is provided in the second pipe circuit;

The first temperature condition is that the temperature is greater than the first temperature setting value, and the second temperature condition is that the temperature is less than the second temperature setting value; the first temperature setting value is greater than the second temperature setting value.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

The present embodiment provides a heat management system for an electric vehicle, which is configured on the electric vehicle, reasonably distributes the heat of the electric vehicle, and improves the cruising range of the electric vehicle.

A heat management system for an electric vehicle provided in this embodiment has a structural principle as shown in FIG. 1 , including two parts: a first pipeline loop and a second pipeline loop, and heat exchange is performed between the first pipeline loop and the second pipeline loop for heat exchange. The heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger and is provided with a first pipe and a second pipe.

The first pipeline loop is the braking resistance heater 11, and the braking resistance heater 11 is connected in series with the hydroelectric defroster 13, the first pipeline of the heat exchanger 1, the first water tank 14 and the first water pump 15 through pipelines to form a loop, This loop is the first pipeline loop. An electronic one-way valve 102 is provided on the pipeline connecting the braking resistance heater 11 to the hydroelectric defroster 13, and the pipeline formed by the electronic one-way valve 102 and the hydroelectric defroster 13 is connected with two pipelines, one of which is a pipeline. A radiator 12 and an electronic one-way valve 101 are arranged in series in the pipeline, and an electronic one-way valve 103 is arranged in the other pipeline. The first pipeline of the heat exchanger 1 is also provided with a pipeline, and the pipeline is provided with an electronic one-way valve 104 in series. The braking resistor heating device 11 is arranged at the braking resistor of the vehicle. When the power battery cannot accept the energy fed back by the vehicle, the heat generated by the braking resistor is used for energy consumption braking to heat the coolant in the first pipeline circuit, and also heat the coolant in the first pipeline loop. Cooling the braking resistor; when the power battery can receive the vehicle energy feedback, if the braking resistor works in the heater mode, the power battery electric energy is used to heat the coolant to provide heat for the first pipeline loop; the hydroelectric defroster 13 uses the braking The heat of the resistance heater is used to defrost the glass of the vehicle, and the radiator 12 is arranged inside the vehicle, and the heat of the braking resistance heater is used to heat the cabin.

The second pipeline loop is a second pipeline loop formed by connecting the temperature adjustment device 21, the power battery temperature adjustment device 22, the second water tank 23, the second water pump 24, the cooling device and the second pipeline of the heat exchanger 1 in series through pipelines, The temperature adjustment device 21 is used to be installed at the air conditioner, and the cooling liquid in the second pipeline circuit can be used to provide heat for the condenser of the air conditioner, to defrost the condenser of the air conditioner in winter, or to use the refrigeration effect of the air conditioner to provide heat for the condenser of the air conditioner. The cooling liquid in the two-pipe loop is cooled; the power battery temperature adjustment device 22 is arranged in the power battery to heat or cool the power battery and maintain the temperature of the power battery; the cooling device includes a first cooling device 261 and a second cooling device 261 and a second cooling device The device 262 consists of two parts, wherein the first cooling device 261 is arranged in the driving motor of the vehicle for cooling the driving motor, and the second cooling device 262 is arranged in the motor controller for cooling the motor brake. An electric fan 25 is provided beside the pipe connecting the first cooling device 261 and the second cooling device 262 , and the electric fan 25 is used for cooling the cooling liquid flowing into the first cooling device 261 and the second cooling device 262 . The temperature adjusting device 21 is also provided with a valve 202 , and the power battery temperature adjusting device 22 is also provided with a valve 201 .

A temperature sensor 31 is provided on the pipeline connecting the braking resistance heater 11 to the hydroelectric defroster 13 , and the heating power of the braking resistance heater 11 is controlled according to the data detected by the temperature sensor 31 . A temperature sensor 32 is provided at the pipe connecting the temperature adjustment device 21 to the power battery temperature adjustment device 22 , and the heat exchange power of the heat exchanger 1 is controlled according to the data detected by the temperature sensor 32 . A temperature sensor 33 is provided on the pipe connecting the first cooling device 261 and the second cooling device 262 , and the working state of the electric fan 252 is controlled according to the data detected by the temperature sensor 33 .

When the air temperature is relatively low in the morning with low temperature in winter, the working mode of the heat system provided by this embodiment is as follows:

Control the electronic one-way valve 202 to close, the electronic one-way valve 201 to open, the second pipeline loop obtains heat from the first pipeline loop through the heat exchanger 1 for heating the power battery, and controls the heat exchange according to the temperature detected by the temperature sensor 32 The heat exchange power of the device 1 ensures that the water inlet temperature of the power battery meets the heating requirements of the power battery, for example, the data detected by the temperature sensor 32 is controlled between 50-55 °C; The working state of the fan 25 ensures that the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the first cooling device 261 and the second cooling device 262 meets the heat dissipation requirements of the driving motor and the motor controller, for example, the data detected by the temperature sensor 33 is controlled to be no greater than 55°C. When the temperature of the power battery reaches the temperature required for full power operation, the power battery generates heat during the working process, the temperature can be maintained by itself, and no external heat is needed. At this time, the electronic one-way valve 201 is opened, the heating device 22 is bypassed, and the coolant does not Then flow through the power battery temperature adjustment device 22 . After the second pipeline loop runs for a period of time, the power battery can maintain the temperature required for work without losing temperature by the heat generated by the driving motor and the motor controller, as well as by the heat generated by the power battery itself. The working state ensures that the system does not overheat, so that the heat generated by the drive motor and motor driver is used efficiently. At the same time, after the electronic one-way valve 202 is closed, the excess heat can be used for defrosting the condenser of the air conditioner, thereby reducing the defrosting time of the air conditioner and improving the working efficiency of the air conditioner. Because the system makes full use of the heat generated by the dynamic braking and electric drive system, using the system in winter will greatly reduce the power consumption of the system and increase the cruising range of the vehicle.

The working mode of the low temperature system in summer, under the combined action of the air-conditioning refrigeration unit and the electric fan 25, ensures that the inlet water temperature of the power battery temperature adjustment device 22 is not higher than 25°C, and the inlet water temperature of the first cooling device 261 and the second cooling device 262 is guaranteed. When the temperature is not higher than 55 degrees, the electronic one-way valve 201 and the electronic one-way valve 202 are both turned off, and the system controls the water temperature by adjusting the power of the refrigeration and air-conditioning unit, the electric fan 25 and the flow rate of the water circulation system. In addition, the heat generated by the working of the braking resistor in the first pipeline circuit will be exchanged into the second pipeline circuit through the heat exchanger and consumed in the second pipeline circuit. In summer, since the system will not be able to receive electrical feedback because the power battery core is too cold, the braking resistor will only work intermittently when the power battery SOC is too high, and the operating frequency is low.

The working mode of the high temperature system in winter: the electronic one-way valve 101 and the electronic one-way valve 102 are opened, the electronic one-way valve 103 and the electronic one-way valve 104 are closed, and the braking resistance heater 11 works to ensure that the data detected by the temperature sensor 31 is not When the temperature is lower than 70°C, the radiator 12 is used to heat the interior of the vehicle, the hydroelectric defroster 13 is used to defrost the front windshield, and a part of the heat is transferred to the second pipeline circuit through the heat exchanger 1 . The braking resistor heater 11 can either directly utilize the heat generated by the dynamic braking of the vehicle, or work in the heater mode to heat the coolant in the first pipeline circuit. The first pipeline loop adjusts the working power of the braking resistor heater 11 and the heat exchange power of the heat exchanger 1 according to the temperature fed back by the temperature sensor 31 . And through the first water pump 15 to adjust the water flow speed and water pressure, to ensure that the temperature of the system is stable.

In summer, the car does not need to be heated, and the hydroelectric defroster 13 can work in the natural wind position. At this time, the electronic one-way valve 102 and the electronic one-way valve 101 are closed, and the electronic one-way valve 104 and the electronic one-way valve 103 are open. When the SOC of the vehicle is too high, the first water pump 15 starts to work, and the electronic one-way valve 104 is closed at this time, and the heat generated by the braking resistor due to electric braking is exchanged by the heat exchanger 1 to the low-temperature pipeline circuit, and the low-temperature pipeline circuit Cool and dissipate heat. When the SOC decreases to the point where the power battery can absorb the electric energy generated by the electric feedback, the electronic one-way valve 104 is closed, the first water pump 15 stops working, and the first pipeline circuit stops working.

In this embodiment, the power battery temperature adjusting device 22 can be a water-cooling plate inside the water-cooled battery, or a pipe arranged inside the power battery, as long as it is a device that can provide heat exchange for the power battery, as long as it is set at the power battery It can be used as the heating device 22 in this embodiment.

In this embodiment, the braking resistor heater 11 is a water-cooled braking resistor that has been matched and calculated to meet the braking power requirements of Type II of the vehicle. At the same time, it can also work in the heater state and rely on the braking feedback or the energy of the battery to heat the flow The coolant of the modified brake resistor is used as the heat source of the system.

Claims (7)

1. The electric vehicle heat management system is characterized by comprising a first pipeline loop and a second pipeline loop, wherein heat exchange is carried out between the first pipeline loop and the second pipeline loop through a heat exchanger;

a brake resistance heater and a device with working temperature meeting a first temperature condition are arranged in the first pipeline loop, and the brake resistance heater is used for cooling the brake resistance and heating the cooling liquid in the first pipeline loop; a first temperature sensor is arranged on a pipeline connected with the brake resistance heater and used for detecting the temperature of cooling liquid flowing out of the brake resistance heater and controlling the power of the brake resistance heater according to data detected by the first temperature sensor;

a power battery temperature adjusting device, a second temperature adjusting device and a cooling device with working temperature meeting a second temperature condition are arranged in the second pipeline loop, and the power battery temperature adjusting device is used for heating or cooling the power battery;

the power battery temperature adjusting device is also provided with a pipeline, and a first electronic one-way valve is arranged on the pipeline; a second temperature sensor is arranged on a pipeline connected with the power battery temperature adjusting device and used for detecting the temperature of cooling liquid flowing into the power battery temperature adjusting device and controlling the working efficiency of the heat exchanger according to data detected by the second temperature sensor;

the second temperature adjusting device is arranged in the air conditioner and used for providing heat for the air conditioner condenser when the air conditioner condenser is defrosted or cooling the cooling liquid in the second pipeline loop when the power battery needs to be cooled; the second temperature regulating device is also provided with a pipeline, and a second electronic one-way valve is arranged on the pipeline;

the cooling device comprises a first cooling device and a second cooling device, wherein the first cooling device is arranged in a driving motor of the vehicle and used for cooling the driving motor, and the second cooling device is arranged in the motor controller and used for cooling the motor controller; an electric fan is arranged beside a pipeline connecting the first cooling device and the second cooling device and used for cooling the cooling liquid flowing into the first cooling device and the second cooling device; a third temperature sensor is arranged on a pipeline connected with the cooling device and used for detecting the temperature of the cooling liquid flowing into the cooling device and controlling the working state of the electric fan according to the data detected by the third temperature sensor;

the heat exchanger is provided with a first pipeline and a second pipeline, wherein the first pipeline is arranged in a first pipeline loop, and the second pipeline is arranged in a second pipeline loop;

the first temperature condition is that the temperature is higher than a first temperature set value, and the second temperature condition is that the temperature is lower than a second temperature set value; the first temperature set value is greater than the second temperature set value;

when the temperature is low in the morning in winter, the working mode of the electric vehicle heat management system is as follows:

the first electronic one-way valve is controlled to be closed, the second electronic one-way valve is controlled to be opened, the second pipeline loop obtains heat from the first pipeline loop through the heat exchanger for heating the power battery, and the heat exchange power of the heat exchanger is controlled according to the temperature detected by the second temperature sensor, so that the water inlet temperature of the power battery can meet the heating requirement of the power battery; meanwhile, the working state of the electric fan is controlled according to the data detected by the third temperature sensor, so that the temperature of the cooling liquid entering the first cooling device and the second cooling device is ensured to meet the heat dissipation requirements of the driving motor and the motor controller;

when the temperature of the power battery reaches the temperature required by full-power work, the power battery heats in the working process, the temperature can be self-maintained, external heat is not needed any more, the first electronic one-way valve is opened at the moment, the power battery temperature adjusting device is bypassed, and cooling liquid does not flow through the power battery temperature adjusting device any more; after the second pipeline loop operates for a period of time, the power battery can maintain the temperature required by the work by the heat generated by the driving motor and the motor controller and the heat generated by the self-heating of the power battery without losing the temperature, and can ensure that the system is not over-temperature by controlling the working state of the electric fan, so that the heat generated by the driving motor and the motor driver is effectively utilized; meanwhile, the second electronic one-way valve is closed, and redundant heat can be used for defrosting of the air conditioner condenser.

2. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein a first water tank and a first water pump are disposed in the first conduit loop.

3. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein a second water tank and a second water pump are disposed in the second conduit loop.

4. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the device whose operating temperature satisfies the first temperature condition is a cabin heating device, the cabin heating device comprises a radiator and/or an electric defroster, the radiator is used for heating a cabin of the vehicle, and the electric defroster is used for defrosting glass of the cabin.

5. The thermal management system for electric vehicles of claim 4, wherein the cabin heater is further provided with a pipe, and a third check valve is provided on the pipe.

6. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger.

7. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the first conduit of the heat exchanger is provided with a pipeline, and a fourth check valve is arranged on the pipeline.

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