CN110014905B

CN110014905B - Wireless charging control method and power supply equipment using same

Info

Publication number: CN110014905B
Application number: CN201810887506.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张诊洙
Original assignee: Hyundai Motor Co; Kia Motors Corp
Current assignee: Hyundai Motor Co; Kia Corp
Priority date: 2017-08-07
Filing date: 2018-08-06
Publication date: 2023-12-22
Anticipated expiration: 2038-08-06
Also published as: KR20190015986A; KR102558180B1; CN110014905A

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a wireless charging control method and a power supply apparatus using the same. The wireless charging control method performed in a power supply apparatus that includes at least one charging pad and supplies power to an EV through the at least one charging pad may include: establishing a communication link with the EV; transmitting basic information about the at least one charging pad to the EV; receiving departure time information about when the EV will leave the charging station; transmitting at least one of information about an output power of the at least one charging pad and information about a charge rate of the at least one charging pad; receiving scheduling information of the EV from the EV; and supplying power to the EV according to the scheduling information.

Description

Wireless charging control method and power supply equipment using same

Cross Reference to Related Applications

The present application claims priority from korean patent application No. 10-2017-0099815, filed on 8.7.2017, to Korean Intellectual Property Office (KIPO) and from 10-2018-0065625, filed on 6.7.2018, to korean intellectual property office, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference for all purposes.

Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to a method for controlling wireless charging and an apparatus using the same, a method for controlling wireless charging of an Electric Vehicle (EV) and an apparatus using the same, and more particularly, to a method for optimally controlling wireless charging by considering a power supply capacity and a charge rate variation of a charging station and a power supply apparatus using the same, a method for controlling wireless charging of an EV and a charge control apparatus using the same.

Background

An Electric Vehicle (EV) charging system may be basically defined as a system for charging a high-voltage battery mounted on an EV by electric power of an electric grid using an energy storage device or a commercial power source. Such an EV charging system may have various forms according to the type of EV. For example, EV charging systems may be classified into a conductive type using a charging cable and a contactless Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) type (also referred to as an "induction type").

In the case where a plurality of wireless charging boards are connected to a single charger in an EV charging station, there may be a problem in that a plurality of EVs cannot be simultaneously charged wirelessly due to output restrictions of the charger.

Disclosure of Invention

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a wireless charging control method considering a change in power supply capacity and charging cost of a charging station.

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a power supply device using the wireless charging control method.

Embodiments of the present disclosure also provide a wireless charging control method of an EV that controls wireless charging by taking into account a power supply capacity and a charging cost variation of a charging station.

The embodiment of the disclosure also provides a wireless charging control device using the wireless charging control method.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a wireless charging control method performed in a power supply apparatus that includes at least one charging pad and supplies power to an EV through the at least one charging pad may include: establishing a communication link with the EV; transmitting basic information about the at least one charging pad to the EV; receiving departure time information about when the EV will leave the charging station; transmitting at least one of information about an output power of the at least one charging pad and information about a charge rate of the at least one charging pad; receiving scheduling information of the EV from the EV; and supplies power to the EV according to the schedule information.

The EV and the power supply device may exchange wireless charging-related messages according to international organization for standardization (ISO) 15118.

The basic information may be included in a service detail response (servicedetails res) message.

At least one of the information about the output power and the information about the charge rate may be included in a charge parameter discovery response (chargeable parameter discovery res) message.

The information about the output power and the information about the charge rate may include at least one of a power output start time, a maximum output power, a billing start time, and a price level of each of the at least one charging pad.

The scheduling information may be included in a power delivery request (powerdelemeryreq) message for reception.

The schedule information may include at least one of a charge start time, a maximum input power, and a charge end time of the EV.

The wireless charging control method may further include performing a process for alignment and pairing between the receiving board and the charging boards of the EV to perform wireless power transmission to the EV in at least one charging board.

The departure time information may be included in a charge parameter discovery request (chargeable parameter discovery req) message.

The wireless charging control method may further include transmitting a renegotiation request to the EV when power remaining during the supplying of power to the EV becomes available.

The renegotiation request may be included in a power delivery response (powerdeleviryres) message.

Further, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a wireless charging control method performed in an EV that receives power from a power supply apparatus including at least one charging pad may include: establishing a communication link with a power supply device; receiving basic information about the at least one charging pad from the power supply device; transmitting departure time information about when the EV will leave the charging station; receiving at least one of information on an output power of the at least one charging pad and information on a charge rate of the at least one charging pad from a power supply apparatus; performing scheduling by using at least one of information on output power and information on charge rate; and transmits the scheduling information to the power supply apparatus.

The basic information may be included in a service detail response (servicedetails res) message for receipt.

The scheduling information may be included in a power delivery request (powerdelemeryreq) message.

Further, according to an embodiment of the present disclosure, a power supply apparatus including at least one charging pad and supplying power to an EV may include: at least one processor and a memory storing at least one instruction for execution by the at least one processor. Moreover, the at least one instruction may be configured to establish a communication link with the power supply device; transmitting basic information about the at least one charging pad to the EV; receiving departure time information of when the EV will leave the charging station; transmitting at least one of information about an output power of the at least one charging pad and information about a charge rate of the at least one charging pad; receiving scheduling information of the EV from the EV; and supplies power to the EV according to the schedule information.

Using the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is made possible to perform charging scheduling of EVs over time based on the output power of all charging boards in a charging station having a limited power supply capacity, and to ensure interoperability between the charging boards and the present EV when another EV leaves the charging station. Moreover, embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by software modification without additional hardware configuration.

Drawings

Embodiments of the present disclosure will become more apparent by describing in detail embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:

fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a WPT system;

fig. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a case where a plurality of EVs are simultaneously charging in a conventional EV charging station;

fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a chart of a charging pad related information message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a message including information of the maximum output power of the charger and the charge fee;

fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating an EV charging schedule message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 6 is a diagram showing information about the maximum output power of a charging pad and charging costs according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless charging control method performed between an EV and a charger according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating a message exchange flow when a message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to an ISO 15118-based message;

FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a message exchange flow when a message according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to an ISO 15118-based message;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a message exchange flow when a message according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to an ISO 15118-based message;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating a message exchange flow when a message according to yet another embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to an ISO 15118-based message;

fig. 12A to 12E are diagrams showing information on output power of a charger and a corresponding charging pad based on EV schedule information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating a charge scheduling method based on charging pad output power and charge rate according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

fig. 14 is a block diagram showing a charge control device in an EV according to an embodiment of the present disclosure; and

fig. 15 is a block diagram illustrating a power supply apparatus according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

It should be understood that the drawings referred to above are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various preferred features illustrative of the basic principles of the disclosure. The specific design features of the present disclosure, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes, will be determined in part by the particular intended application and use environment.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present disclosure are disclosed herein. However, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely representative for purposes of describing embodiments of the disclosure, and embodiments of the disclosure may be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments of the disclosure set forth herein. In describing the various drawings, like reference numerals refer to like elements.

It will be understood that, although the terms "first," "second," etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first component may be designated as a second component, and similarly, a second component may be designated as a first component without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of the one listed item.

It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly or indirectly connected to the other element. That is, for example, intermediate components may be present. Conversely, when an element is referred to as being "directly connected to" another element, it should be understood that there are no intervening elements present.

The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the disclosure. Unless otherwise defined in context, singular expressions include plural expressions. In this specification, the terms "comprises" or "comprising" are used to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof disclosed in the specification, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.

Unless defined otherwise, all terms including technical or scientific terms have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. It will be understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.

In the embodiment according to the present disclosure, the EV charging system may be basically defined as a system for charging a high-voltage battery mounted on an EV by using electric power of an electric grid of an energy storage device or a commercial power source. Such an EV charging system may have various forms according to the type of EV. For example, EV charging systems may be classified into a conductive type using a charging cable and a contactless Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) type (also referred to as an "induction type").

In embodiments according to the present disclosure, the power source may include a residential or public power service or a generator using on-board fuel, or the like.

Terms used in the present disclosure are defined as follows.

"electric vehicle EV":49 An automobile, as defined in CFR 523.3 for use on a highway, is powered by an electric motor that draws current from an on-board energy storage device, such as a battery, which can be recharged from an off-board power source, such as a residential or public power service or an on-board fuel-powered generator. An EV may be a four-wheel or more wheel vehicle manufactured primarily for use on public streets, roads.

The EVs may be referred to as electric vehicles, electric Road Vehicles (ERVs), plug-in vehicles (PV), plug-in vehicles (xevs), etc., and the xevs may be classified as plug-in all-electric vehicles (BEV), battery electric vehicles, plug-in electric vehicles (PEV), hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), hybrid plug-in electric vehicles (HPEV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), etc.

"plug-in electric vehicle, PEV": an electric vehicle that recharges an on-board primary battery by being connected to an electric grid.

Plug-in vehicle, PV: an electric vehicle that can be recharged by wireless charging from an Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment (EVSE) without the use of a physical plug or physical receptacle.

"heavy duty vehicle; h.d. vehicle ": any four-wheel or more vehicles as defined in 49CFR 523.6 or 49cfr 37.3 (buses).

"light plug-in electric vehicle": three-or four-wheeled vehicles driven by an electric motor drawing current from a rechargeable battery or other energy source are used primarily for traveling on public streets, roads and highways, and the total vehicle weight is rated to less than 4545 kg.

"Wireless charging System, WCS": a system for wireless power transfer and control (including alignment and communication) between GA and VA. The system electromagnetically transmits energy from the power supply network to the electric vehicle through a two-piece loosely coupled transformer.

"wireless power transfer, WPT": and transmitting power from the AC power supply network to the electric vehicle in a non-contact manner.

"public facilities": a set of systems that provide electrical energy and may include Customer Information Systems (CIS), advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), rate and revenue systems, and the like. The utility may power the EV through a tariff table and discrete events. Moreover, the utility may provide information about authentication of EVs, intervals of power consumption measurement, and tariffs.

"Intelligent charging": the EVSE and/or PEV communicate with the grid to optimize the charge or discharge rate of the EV by reflecting grid capacity or usage fees.

"automatic charging": the procedure of inductive charging is automatically performed after the vehicle is in place corresponding to the primary charger component that can transmit power. The automatic charging may be performed after the necessary authentication and authority are obtained.

"interoperability": the components of the system interact with corresponding components of the system to perform the states of the operations for which the system is intended. Moreover, information interoperability may mean the ability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to effectively share and easily use information without inconveniencing a user.

"inductive charging System": a system for transferring energy from a power source to an EV through a two-piece gapped core transformer, wherein the two halves of the transformer (primary and secondary coils) are physically separated from each other. In the present disclosure, the induction charging system may correspond to an EV power transmission system.

"inductive coupler": the transformer formed by the coils in the GA coil and the coils in the VA coil allows power to be transmitted with electrical isolation.

"inductive coupling": magnetic coupling between the two coils. In this disclosure, is the coupling between the GA coil and the VA coil.

"floor assembly, GA": the components on the base unit side, including the GA coil, the power/frequency conversion unit and the GA controller, and wiring from the power grid and between each unit, the filter circuit, the housing, etc., are necessary to serve as a power source for the wireless charging system. The GA may include communication elements necessary for communication between the GA and the VA.

"vehicle component, VA": components on the vehicle, including the VA coil, rectifier/power conversion unit and VA controller, and wiring to and between each unit, filter circuit, housing, etc., are necessary for use as a power source for the wireless charging system. The VA may include the communication elements necessary to communicate between the VA and the GA.

The GA may be referred to as a Primary Device (PD) and the VA may be referred to as a Secondary Device (SD).

"Primary unit": an apparatus for contactless coupling with a secondary device is provided. That is, the primary device may be a device external to the EV. When the EV is receiving power, the primary device may serve as a source of power to be transmitted. The primary unit may include a housing and all covers.

"secondary device": an EV-mounted device that provides contactless coupling with the primary. That is, the secondary device may be installed in the EV. When the EV is receiving power, the secondary device may transfer power from the primary device to the EV. The secondary device may include a housing and all covers.

"GA controller": a portion of the GA adjusts to the output power level of the GA coil based on information from the vehicle.

"VA controller": a portion of the VA monitors certain on-board parameters during charging and initiates communication with the GA to control the output power level.

The GA controller may be referred to as a primary unit communication controller (PDCC), and the VA controller may be referred to as an Electric Vehicle Communication Controller (EVCC).

"magnetic gap": when the higher plane in the top of the strands or the top of the magnetic material in the GA coil is aligned with the lower plane in the bottom of the strands or the bottom of the magnetic material in the VA coil.

"ambient temperature": the ground temperature of the air is measured in the subsystem under consideration, not under direct sunlight.

"vehicle ground clearance": vertical distance between the ground and the lowest part of the vehicle floor.

"vehicle magnetic ground clearance": vertical distance between lower plane in bottom of litz wire or magnetic material in VA coil mounted on vehicle and ground.

"VA coil magnetic surface distance": the distance between the plane of the nearest magnetic or conductive component surface and the lower outer surface of the VA coil at the time of installation. This distance includes any protective covering and additional items that may be enclosed in the VA coil housing.

The VA coil may be referred to as a secondary coil, a vehicle coil, or a receiver coil. Similarly, the GA coil may be referred to as a primary coil or a transmit coil.

"exposed conductive part": conductive parts of electrical equipment (e.g., electric vehicles) that may contact and are typically not energized but may become energized in the event of a fault.

"dangerous charged parts": charged components that may cause detrimental electrical shocks under certain conditions.

"live part": any conductor or conductive component that will be energized in normal use.

"direct contact": personnel are in contact with the charged member. (see IEC 61440)

"indirect contact": personnel make contact with exposed, conductive and energized components that are energized by insulation failure. (see IEC 61440)

"alignment": a process of finding the relative positions of the primary and secondary devices and/or finding the relative positions of the secondary and primary devices for a specified efficient power transfer. In the present disclosure, alignment may guide fine positioning of a wireless power transfer system.

"pairing": the process by which the vehicle is associated with the unique dedicated primary device will transmit power at the location of and from which the device is located. Pairing may include a process of associating the VA controller with the GA controller of the charging-spot. The correlation/association procedure may comprise a procedure for establishing a relationship between two peer communication entities.

"command and control communication": communication of information necessary for starting, controlling, and terminating the WPT process is exchanged between the EV power supply equipment and the EV.

Advanced communication (HLC) ": HLC is a special type of digital communication. HLC is necessary for additional services not covered by command and control communications. The data link of HLC may use Power Line Communication (PLC), but is not limited thereto.

"Low Power Excitation (LPE)": LPE refers to a technique of activating a primary device for fine positioning and pairing so that an EV can detect the primary device, and vice versa.

"Service Set Identifier (SSID)": the SSID is a unique identifier comprising 32 characters connected to the header of a data packet transmitted over the wireless LAN. The SSID identifies a Basic Service Set (BSS) to which the wireless device attempts to connect. The SSID distinguishes between a plurality of wireless LANs. Therefore, all Access Points (APs) and all terminal/station apparatuses that want to use a particular wireless LAN can use the same SSID. Devices that do not use a unique SSID cannot join the BSS. Since the SSID is shown in plain text, it may not be possible to provide any security features for the network.

"Extended Service Set Identifier (ESSID)": the ESSID is the name of the network to which an individual wishes to connect. It is similar to SSID but can be a broader concept.

"Basic Service Set Identifier (BSSID)": including 48 bits of BSSID for distinguishing a specific BSS. In the case of an infrastructure BSS network, the BSSID may be a Medium Access Control (MAC) of the AP device. For an independent BSS or an ad hoc network, the BSSID may be generated using any value.

The charging station may include at least one GA and at least one GA controller configured to manage the at least one GA. The GA may include at least one wireless communication device. The charging station may refer to a place having at least one GA installed in a home, an office, a public place, a road, a parking area, etc.

Additionally, it should be understood that one or more of the following methods or aspects thereof may be performed by at least one controller. The term "controller" may refer to a hardware device that includes a memory and a processor. The memory is configured to store program instructions and the processor is specifically programmed to execute the program instructions to perform one or more processes described further below. Furthermore, it should be understood that the following methods may be performed by an apparatus comprising a controller in combination with one or more other components, as will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art.

In an embodiment according to the present disclosure, the light load driving or the light load operation may include, for example, in the latter half charging of the high voltage battery connected to the VA in the WPT system, charging the high voltage battery with a charging voltage lower than a predetermined rated voltage. Also, the light load operation may include a case where the high-voltage battery of the EV is charged at a relatively low voltage and a low speed by using a low-speed charger such as a home charger.

Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present disclosure will be explained in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a WPT system.

As described above, the EV charging system may include a conductive charging system using a charging cable and a contactless WPT system, but may not be limited thereto. An EV charging system may be basically defined as a system for charging a high-voltage battery mounted on an EV by electric power of an electric grid using an energy storage device or a commercial power source. Such an EV charging system may have various forms according to the type of EV.

SAE TIR J2954 is the leading standard for EV wireless charging, which establishes guidelines defining interoperability, electromagnetic compatibility, minimum performance, safety and acceptance criteria for testing wireless charging of light EVs and PEVs.

According to SAE TIR J2954, referring to fig. 1, a WPT system (also referred to as an "EV WPT system") may include a utility interface between a vehicle energy charging/storage system and a power converter connected to the utility, a high frequency power converter, a coupling coil, a rectifier, a filter, an optional regulator, and a communication device. The utility interface may be similar to a conventional EVSE connection for single-phase or three-phase AC power.

EV WPT systems may generally contain three blocks. The first block may contain a GA coil 12, a power converter 11 connected to the grid, and a communication module 13 with a communication link with the vehicle system. The second block may comprise a VA coil 21 with rectifying and filtering elements, charging control electronics 22 for regulation, safety and shutdown, and a communication module 23 with a communication link with the charging station side. The third block may include a secondary energy storage system, a Battery Management System (BMS), and an on-board communication (e.g., CAN, LIN, etc.) module required to exchange information about battery state of charge (SOC) and charge rate with other necessary information.

Fig. 2A and 2B are diagrams showing a case where a plurality of EVs are simultaneously charging in a conventional EV charging station.

For example, as shown in fig. 2A, if vehicle B requests a charger charged at 75kW and having a total output of 150kW to perform WPT on vehicle a at 100kW, the charger may supply only 50kW of power to vehicle B. In this case, if a new vehicle C enters the charging station and requests charging, as shown in fig. 2B, since the charger is no longer able to supply power, the vehicle C cannot be charged even if the charging station has an idle charging pad.

In this case, in order to schedule charging of the vehicle C by predicting when the power of the charger is available, the point in time when the vehicle a or the vehicle B completes charging should be identified. Therefore, a charging curve of the charger and the charging pad reflecting the charging schedule of the existing vehicle may be required. This situation may occur more frequently in late night when low charge fees are applied or where charge demand increases, and the situation may become more complicated when considered together with the charge scheduling function of the respective vehicles.

As described above, when a plurality of wireless charging boards are connected to one charger of EV charging stations, a plurality of EVs may not be simultaneously charged wirelessly due to output restrictions of the charger.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a chart of a charging pad related information message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

For example, fig. 3 shows an example of a chart of a "service detail response (servicedetails)" message according to the ISO 15118 standard. ISO 15118 defines the send and receive messages and charging sequences between EVs and chargers for wireless charging of EVs. Specifically, ISO 15118 standardizes communication between EVCCs of EVs and SECCs of chargers. Accordingly, the ISO 15118 standard specifies various service scenarios of authentication and verification of application EV charging service, start or stop of wireless charging, and the like, and defines various messages for functions such as fine positioning, alignment checking, pairing, power demand, and the like.

Observing the wireless charging sequence associated with these messages, the EVCC of the vehicle may establish intercommunication with the SECC of the charger upon entering the charging station, and an authentication procedure for wireless charging may be performed. At this time, the EVCC may receive a service detail response (servicedetails) message 3000 from the SECC, as shown in fig. 3, to confirm basic information (also referred to as "charging-board related information") of all charging boards in the charging station. The information of all charging boards in the charging station may be sent to the EV through a message set as shown in fig. 3.

When a user or driver selects a charging pad based on charging pad related information received from a charging station, parking of the EV may be completed through a fine positioning scheme supported by the charging pad. After parking of the EV is completed, alignment checking and pairing may be performed between the EV and the charging pad.

In an embodiment of the present disclosure, in a case where there are a plurality of charging boards in one charging station of an EV charging station having a limited power supply capacity, charging board related information including charging schedule information of other EVs in the charging station may be used to schedule a newly entered EV.

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing a message including information of the maximum output power of the charger and the charge fee.

To perform WPT, the EV and the charger (or the power supply device) may exchange various messages, and each pair of messages may include a request message transmitted to the charger by the EV and a response message transmitted to the EV by the charger.

After the alignment check and pairing described above, messages for charge scheduling may be exchanged between the EVCC 100 of the EV and the SECC 200 of the charger. Referring to fig. 4, the messages exchanged between the EVCC 100 of the vehicle and the SECC 200 of the charger may be a pair of "charge parameter discovery" messages. The charging parameter discovery message may be a message for the EV and the charger to exchange their status and configuration before actually transferring power between them.

In particular, a "charge parameter discovery request" (chargeable parameter discovery req) message may include state information (EV state) such as a current energy reserve of the EV, a power output start time of the charger, a maximum output power of the charger, a maximum acceptable current, power, voltage, and EV energy capacity, etc. The EV may notify the charger of the physical limit of the EV through a charging parameter discovery request message. The charge parameter discovery request message may also provide the EV requested energy (i.e., EV energy request), the energy expected when fully charged (i.e., full SOC), the energy expected at the requested end of charge (i.e., main SOC), etc., in percent form.

Referring to fig. 4, the SECC 200, which receives the charging parameter discovery request message, may transmit information such as a power output start time of the charger, a maximum output power of the charger, a charging start time, a price level of the charger, etc., to the EVCC 100 through a "charging parameter discovery response" (chargeable parameter discovery response) message 4000 so that the EV may perform charging scheduling based on the information.

Then, the EVCC 100 may transmit a "power delivery request (powerdelivery reyreq)" message to the SECC 200 and receive a "power delivery response (powerdelivery res)" message in response thereto.

Even if this charging process is used, a charging station having only one charging pad connected to one charger may not present a problem in charging schedule of an EV based on information about the maximum output power and charging cost of the charger.

However, in the case of using a charger having a plurality of charging boards for a charging station having a limited power supply capacity, since the power output of the boards cannot exceed the maximum power output of the charger, there may be a difference between an actual charging completion time and a charging completion time calculated by the EV using only information of the total output of the charger. Also, if there is no available electric power due to the limitation of the power supply capacity, it may be necessary to perform scheduling by reflecting the charge completion time of other vehicles.

In order to solve the above-described problems, an embodiment of the present disclosure proposes a method of transmitting information about the maximum output power and the charge cost of each charging pad to an EV.

Fig. 5 is a diagram illustrating messages for EV charging schedule according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

According to the embodiment of the present disclosure of fig. 5, the EVCC 100 entering the EV of the charging station may provide departure time information about the EV to the charger through the charging parameter discovery request message (S510). The EVCC 100 of the EV may also provide charging schedule information, including an EV charging start time and a maximum input power of the EV, to the charger through a power transfer request message (S520). Then, the SECC 200 of the charger may manage and update the maximum output power of all charging boards connected to the charger over time based on information about the departure time of the EV and the charging schedule information. In addition, the charger (or SECC) may provide basic information of the charging pad to other EVs by including the maximum output power of each charging pad over time.

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing information on the maximum output power and charge rate of a charging pad according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to fig. 6, when a new EV enters a charging station, the SECC 200 of the charger may provide basic information of each charging pad to the new EV (S600). Here, the basic information of each charging pad may include information about the maximum output power of each charging pad and the charge cost. More specifically, the basic information of each charging pad may include information such as a power output start time of each charging pad, a maximum output power of each charging pad, a billing start time of each charging pad, and a price level of each charging pad.

The EV 100 having received the charge-related information about each charging pad may perform scheduling of charging by predicting a time required for charging based on the received information, and transmit the charge scheduling information of the EV 100 to the charger 200.

Meanwhile, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, when there is an EV waiting for charging due to no available power, the charger may notify the EV waiting for charging when the charging power is available, so that renegotiation of charging may be started.

Fig. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a wireless charging control method performed between an EV and a charger according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

The embodiment shown in fig. 7 may show a message exchange flow between EV and charger based on the wireless charging message of ISO 15118.

In order to exchange messages between the EV and the charger, a communication setup procedure for exchanging messages may be first performed (S710). Then, a process for identification, authentication, and authorization may follow (S720). Here, the SECC of the charger may notify itself to the EV (i.e., the SECC may cause the EV to identify the SECC), and perform authentication to check whether the EV is permitted to be charged by the charger. Typically, if the EV or the user of the EV provides a payment mechanism, the SECC may collect a charge fee. To this end, the EVCC of the EV may provide contract credentials to the SECC, or the user of the EV may provide credit card, debit card, cash, etc. to the SECC.

Here, the basic information of all charging boards (i.e., charging board related information) in the charging station according to the present disclosure may be transmitted to the EV in the identification, authentication, and authorization process.

In addition, positioning, alignment, and pairing processes of the EV may be performed (S730). In order to perform efficient wireless charging, fine positioning of the EV with respect to the charging pad of the charger, alignment of the transmitting pad of the charger and the receiving pad of the EV, and pairing therebetween are required.

The wireless charging method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may further include a target setting and charging schedule process (S740) and a charging loop control and rescheduling process (S750). Also, the wireless charging control method according to the embodiment of the present disclosure may optionally include a renegotiation process for optimal charging (S760).

In the embodiment of fig. 7, the respective processes have been described as being sequentially performed, but this is merely an example, and the respective processes may be simultaneously performed or their operation order may be changed to be performed, and one process may be included in another process.

Hereinafter, each process shown in fig. 7 will be described in more detail with reference to fig. 8 to 11.

Fig. 8 is a diagram illustrating a message exchange flow when a message according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to an ISO 15118-based message.

Referring to fig. 8, a communication establishment procedure (i.e., "sequence communication establishment") for establishing communication between the EVCC 100 and the SECC 200 may include a sequence for establishing an IP-based connection (i.e., "sequence establishment of an IP-based connection"). Here, the sequence for IP-based connection establishment may include a "supported application protocol request (supportda ppprotocol req)" message, a "supported application protocol response (supportda ppprotocol res)" message, a "session establishment request (SessionSetupReq)" message, and a "session establishment response (sessionsetupes)" message.

Also, the procedure for identification, authentication, and authorization (i.e., "sequence identification, authentication, and authorization") may include a "service discovery request (servicediscover req)" message, a "service discovery response (servicediscover res)" message, a "service detail request (ServiceDetailReq)" message, a "service detail response (ServiceDetailRes)" message, a "service payment selection request (servicepay selection req)" message, and a "service payment selection response (servicepay selection res)" message.

According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, basic information about the charging pad included in the service detail response message may be transmitted to the EVCC 100 based on ISO 15118 (S711). Here, the service detail response message is a message that the SECC 200 transmits to the EVCC 100 in response to the service detail request message received from the EVCC 100, and may include details of the selected wireless charging service. Also, the basic information of the charging pad may include information on real-time maximum output power and charging cost of each of the plurality of charging pads controlled by the charging station.

Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating a message exchange flow when a message according to another embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to an ISO 15118-based message.

Referring to fig. 9, in order to perform alignment and pairing between the EV and the boards of the charger, a "fine positioning request (finepositionreq)" message, a "fine positioning response (finepositionres)" message, an "alignment check request (AlignmentCheckReq)" message, an "alignment check response (AlignmentCheckRes)" message, a "pairing request (pairing req)" message, and a "pairing response (pairing res)" message may be exchanged between the EVCC 100 and the SECC 200.

The fine positioning request message and the fine positioning response message may be used to start and stop the position adjustment process, which may include data required to calculate the offset of the charger and EV according to the positioning scheme used.

The alignment check request message and the alignment check response message may be messages exchanged between the EV and the charger for determining whether alignment between a transmitting board of the charger and a receiving board of the EV is suitable for power transmission.

The pairing request message and the pairing response message may be a pair of messages for performing a pairing process between the transmitting board and the receiving board, and the EVCC 100 may inform the SECC 200 that the EVCC 100 wishes to start the pairing process by transmitting the pairing request message to the SECC 200.

Fig. 10 is a diagram illustrating a message exchange flow when a message according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to an ISO 15118-based message.

Referring to fig. 10, a process for setting a target and performing charge scheduling (i.e., "sequential target setting and charge scheduling") and a process for controlling a charge loop and performing rescheduling (i.e., "sequential charge loop control and rescheduling") are shown.

In the process for setting the target and performing the charging schedule, the SECC 200 and the EVCC 100 may exchange information about WPT restrictions using advanced communication. The SECC 200 may transmit information about the maximum power that can be transmitted through the WPT to the EVCC 100.

Referring to fig. 10, the target setting and charging scheduling process may include step S741 in which the SECC 200 transmits information on real-time maximum output power and charging cost of each charging pad to the EVCC 100, and step S742 in which the EVCC 100 transmits scheduling information of EVs (i.e., EV charging scheduling information) to the SECC 200.

Here, information on the real-time maximum output power of the charging pad and the charge rate, which are included in the charge parameter discovery response message, may be transmitted to the EVCC 100. By means of the charging parameter discovery response message, the SECC 200 can provide information about the charging parameters applicable on the grid side. The charging parameter discovery response message may contain information about the price per hour, the price per demand or the price per consumption, and the basic charging parameters.

Also, the scheduling information may be transmitted from the EVCC 100 to the SECC 200 in a power transfer request message. The exchange of power transfer messages may specify a point in time at which the SECC 200 begins to supply power and, correspondingly, the battery of the EV begins to charge. The EVCC 100 may request the SECC 200 to supply power by transmitting a power transfer request message.

Meanwhile, a renegotiation request may be made while wireless charging is performed. The charging loop control and rescheduling process shown in fig. 10 may be a process in which the SECC 200 requests renegotiation from the EVCC 100 when the remaining power becomes available when wireless charging is performed (i.e., the EVSE notification element in the power demand response message is set to "renegotiation").

Referring to fig. 10, the ev requests a specific power from the SECC 200 by transmitting a power demand request message to the SECC during charging. Upon receiving the power demand request message, the SECC 200 may transmit a power demand response message informing of the EVSE state to the corresponding EV. For example, the SECC 200 may request renegotiation by transmitting a power demand response message to the EVCC 100, wherein the value of the EVSE notification element included in the power demand response message is set to "renegotiation" (S751). The EVSE notification is an element for the SECC to control the operation of the EVCC, and may include information about the operation that the SECC wishes the EVCC to perform.

Meanwhile, a metering receipt message (S752) for calculating the charge up to now may be exchanged between the SECC 200 and the EVCC 100.

Fig. 11 is a diagram illustrating a message exchange flow when a message according to still another embodiment of the present disclosure is applied to an ISO 15118-based message.

Referring to fig. 11, the evcc 100 may notify the SECC 200 of the completion of charging through a power transfer request message (e.g., the charging process element in the power transfer request message is set to "renegotiation") (S761). In addition, the SECC 200, which receives the charging parameter discovery request message from the EVCC 100, may transmit update information on the real-time maximum output power of the charging pad and the charging cost to the EVCC 100 through the charging parameter discovery response message (S762). The EVCC 100 may transmit EV charging schedule information to the SECC 200 through a power transfer request message (S763).

Fig. 12A to 12E are diagrams showing information on output power of a charger and a corresponding charging pad based on EV schedule information according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to fig. 12A, the first to third boards are connected to chargers of charging stations connected to 150kW power distributors. Assume that the capacity of the first board is 100kW and is reserved from 21:00 to 01:30 to charge vehicle a that has entered. Also, assume that the capacity of the second board is 75kW and is reserved from 22:30 to 04:30 to charge the vehicle B that has entered.

Meanwhile, fig. 12B shows the maximum output power of the charger over time, indicating that the maximum output power of the charger may be affected by the charging of the vehicle a and the charging of the vehicle B. From the perspective of the entire charger, the charger may output 50kW from periods 21:00 to 22:30 where vehicle a is charged alone, and 0kW from periods 22:30 to 01:30 where both vehicle a and vehicle B are charged. Further, the charger may output 75kW from the period 01:30 to 04:30 in which the vehicle B is charged alone, and may output 150kW at other periods excluding the period in which the vehicle a and/or the vehicle B is charged, according to the output of the distributor.

Referring to fig. 12C and 12D, the maximum output power over time for the first board of vehicle a is shown in fig. 12C, and the maximum output power over time for the second board of vehicle B is shown in fig. 12D.

Referring to fig. 12C, the first board may output 0kW from charging period 21:00 to 01:30, 75kW from 01:30 to 03:00 of the vehicle a, and the total capacity of the first board may output 100kW at other periods.

Referring to fig. 12D, the second board may output 0kW from the charging period 22:30 to 04:30 of the vehicle B, 50kW from 21:00 to 22:30, and 75kW of capacity of the second board at other periods.

Fig. 12E shows the maximum output power over time for the third board of vehicle C when vehicle C enters the third board having a capacity of 50kW. Referring to fig. 12E, the third plate may output 0kW from 21:00 to 01:30, and output 50kW of capacity of the third plate at other periods. Thus, the vehicle C may perform charging in a period from 18:00 to 21:00 and in a period after 01:30.

According to the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in fig. 12E, it is made possible to manage information on the outputs of all the charging boards in the charging station, thereby achieving efficient charging schedule.

Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating a charge scheduling method based on a charging pad output power and a charge fee according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

In fig. 13, a charge scheduling method is shown that takes into account a change in charge rate in addition to information about the output power of each charging pad shown in fig. 12A to 12E.

Referring to fig. 13, the charging period of the vehicle C may be scheduled in consideration of the maximum output power and the charging cost variation of the third board over time. In the examples shown in fig. 12A to 12E, it can be seen that the vehicle C can perform charging in a period from 18:00 to 21:00 and in a period after 01:30. In this case, when considering the change of the charge cost with time, it is most preferable in terms of economy to perform the charging in a period from 21:00 to 06:00.

Therefore, the charging period of the vehicle C may be arranged from 01:30 to 07:30 in consideration of the maximum output power and charging cost variation of the third board over time. Thus, a fee per 1kwh 20 won (about 2 cents) may be charged from 1:30 to 06:00, and a fee per 1kwh 100 won (about 10 cents) may be charged from 06:00 to 07:30.

Fig. 14 is a block diagram showing a charge control device in an EV according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

Referring to fig. 14, a charge control apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present disclosure may be provided at an EV that receives power from a power supply apparatus including at least one charging pad, and may control wireless charging of the EV.

The charge control device 100 may include at least one processor 110 and a memory 120, the memory 120 storing at least one instruction to be executed by the at least one processor 110.

The at least one instruction is configured for execution by the at least one processor 110 to: establishing a communication link with a power supply device; receiving basic information about the at least one charging pad from the power supply device; providing departure time information to the power supply device when the EV will leave the charging station; receiving at least one of information on an output power of the at least one charging pad and information on a charge rate of the at least one charging pad from a power supply apparatus; scheduling of EV wireless charging is performed by using at least one of information on output power and information on charging cost; and provides the scheduling information to the power supply apparatus.

The power supply apparatus 100 may further include a communication module 140. The communication module 140 is a module for communicating with the charging station side, and may exchange messages with the charging station side based on the ISO 15118 standard.

Here, the basic information about the at least one charging pad may be included in the service detail response message for reception. Also, at least one of the information about the output power and the information about the charge rate may be included in the charge parameter discovery response message for reception.

Here, the information on the output power and the information on the charge fee may include at least one of a power output start time point of each charging pad, a maximum output power of each charging pad, a billing start time of each charging pad, and a price level of each charging pad.

Meanwhile, the scheduling information of the EV may be included in the power transfer request message to be transmitted. The schedule information may further include at least one of a charge start time of the EV, a maximum input power of the EV, and a charge end time of the EV. The departure time information about the EV may be included in the charging parameter discovery request message to be transmitted. The renegotiation request message may be included in a power transfer response message for transmission.

Referring to fig. 15, the power supply apparatus 200 may include a power converter 210, at least one processor 220, and a memory 230.

The power converter 210 may interoperate with a transmitting board (i.e., a charging board) for the WPT, convert voltage input under the control of the at least one processor 220, and output the converted voltage to a receiving board of the EV through the transmitting board.

The memory 230 may store at least one instruction to be executed by the at least one processor 220, and the at least one instruction is configured for execution by the at least one processor 220 to: establishing a communication link with the EV; providing basic information about at least one charging pad to the EV; receiving departure time information of when the EV will leave the charging station; transmitting at least one of information about output power of the at least one charging pad and information about charge rate of the at least one charging pad to the EV; receiving scheduling information of the EV from the EV; and supplies power to the EV according to the schedule information.

The power supply apparatus 100 may further include a communication module (not shown). The communication module may exchange messages with the EV based on the ISO 15118 standard.

Here, the basic information about the at least one charging pad may be included in a service detail response message to be transmitted. Also, at least one of the information about the output power and the information about the charge rate may be included in the charge parameter discovery response message to be transmitted.

Meanwhile, the scheduling information of the EV may be included in the power transmission request message for reception. The schedule information may further include at least one of a charge start time of the EV, a maximum input power of the EV, and a charge end time point of the EV. The departure time information about the EV may be included in the charging parameter discovery request message for reception. The renegotiation request message may be included in a power transfer response message for receipt.

Using the embodiments of the present disclosure, it is made possible to perform charging scheduling of EVs over time based on the output power of all charging boards in a charging station having a limited power supply capacity, and to ensure interoperability between a charging board and another EV when the EV leaves the charging station. Moreover, embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by software modification without additional hardware configuration.

Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in chargers capable of communicating with EVs, and may be implemented in EVs and chargers in which WPT systems are built. Moreover, these embodiments may be implemented in a vehicle capable of charge scheduling.

The various embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to wireless charging, and may be applied to a conductive type charging process even though wireless charging is described in the above embodiments. In this case, the EV and the charging station may be connected to each other through a charging cable, and wireless communication may be performed therebetween using the wireless communication module in the same manner.

Methods according to embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented as program instructions executable by various computers and recorded on computer-readable media. The computer readable medium may include program instructions, data files, data structures, or combinations thereof. The program instructions recorded on the computer-readable medium may be specially designed and configured for the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure, or may be those well known and available to those having skill in the computer software arts.

Examples of the computer readable medium may include hardware devices including ROM, RAM, and flash memory configured to store and execute program instructions. Examples of program instructions include machine code, such as produced by a compiler, and high-level language code that may be executed by the computer using an interpreter. The above example hardware apparatus may be configured to operate as at least one software module to perform the operations of the present disclosure, and vice versa.

Although some aspects of the present disclosure have been described in the context of apparatus, it may also represent descriptions in terms of corresponding methods wherein a block or apparatus corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of methods may also be represented by corresponding blocks or items or features of corresponding devices. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) hardware devices, such as microprocessors, programmable computers, or electronic circuits, for example. In various exemplary embodiments, one or more of the most important method steps may be performed by such an apparatus.

In an embodiment, a programmable logic device (e.g., a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In an embodiment, an FPGA may operate in conjunction with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. In general, these methods are preferably performed by some hardware means.

For convenience in explanation and accurate definition in the appended claims, the terms "upper", "lower", "inner", "outer", "upper", "lower", "downward", "forward", "rearward", "back", "inner", "outer", "inward", "outward", "inner", "outer", "forward" and "rearward" are used to describe features of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the positions of such features as displayed in the figures.

The foregoing descriptions of specific embodiments of the present disclosure have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the disclosure to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the present disclosure and their practical application to enable others skilled in the art to make and utilize the various embodiments of the present disclosure and their various alternatives and modifications. It is intended that the scope of the disclosure be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A wireless charging control method performed in a power supply apparatus that includes at least one charging pad and supplies power to an electric vehicle through the at least one charging pad, the wireless charging control method comprising:

establishing a communication link with the electric vehicle;

transmitting basic information about the at least one charging pad to the electric vehicle;

receiving departure time information of when the electric vehicle will leave a charging station;

transmitting information on only an output power of the at least one charging pad, or information on an output power of the at least one charging pad and information on a charge rate of the at least one charging pad, the information on the output power including a maximum output power of each of the at least one charging pad that varies with time, the electric vehicle performing charge scheduling by using the information on only the output power, or the information on the output power and the information on the charge rate;

Receiving charge schedule information of the electric vehicle from the electric vehicle; and

supplying power to the electric vehicle according to the charging schedule information,

wherein a maximum output power of each of the at least one charging pad that varies with time is updated based on the departure time information and the charging schedule information of the electric vehicle.

2. The wireless charging control method according to claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle and the power supply apparatus exchange wireless charging-related messages according to international organization for standardization 15118.

3. The wireless charging control method of claim 2, wherein the basic information is transmitted in a service detail response message.

4. The wireless charging control method according to claim 2, wherein the information on the output power and the information on the charging cost are transmitted in a charging parameter discovery response message.

5. The wireless charging control method of claim 4, wherein the information about the output power and the information about the charging rate further include at least one of a power output start time, a billing start time, and a price level of each of the at least one charging pad.

6. The wireless charging control method of claim 2, wherein the charging schedule information is received in a power transfer request message.

7. The wireless charging control method according to claim 1, wherein the charging schedule information includes at least one of a charging start time, a maximum input power, and a charging end time of the electric vehicle.

8. The wireless charging control method of claim 1, further comprising performing a process for alignment and pairing between a receiving board and a charging board of the electric vehicle to perform wireless power transmission to the electric vehicle in the at least one charging board.

9. The wireless charging control method according to claim 2, wherein the departure time information is transmitted in a charging parameter discovery request message.

10. The wireless charging control method according to claim 1, further comprising sending a renegotiation request to the electric vehicle when power remaining during power supply to the electric vehicle becomes available.

11. The wireless charging control method of claim 10, wherein the renegotiation request is sent in a power transfer response message.

12. A wireless charging control method performed in an electric vehicle that receives power from a power supply apparatus including at least one charging pad, the wireless charging control method comprising:

establishing a communication link with the power supply device;

receiving basic information about the at least one charging pad from the power supply apparatus;

transmitting departure time information of when the electric vehicle will leave a charging station;

receiving, from the power supply apparatus, only information on the output power of the at least one charging pad, or information on the output power of the at least one charging pad and information on the charge rate of the at least one charging pad, the information on the output power including the maximum output power of each of the at least one charging pad over time;

performing charge scheduling by using information on only the output power, or information on the output power and information on the charge fee; and

transmitting charging schedule information regarding a charging schedule to the power supply device,

13. The wireless charging control method according to claim 12, wherein the electric vehicle and the power supply apparatus exchange wireless charging-related messages according to international organization for standardization 15118.

14. The wireless charging control method of claim 13, wherein the basic information is received in a service detail response message.

15. The wireless charging control method of claim 13, wherein the information about the output power and the information about the charging cost are received in a charging parameter discovery response message.

16. The wireless charging control method of claim 13, wherein the charging schedule information is sent in a power transfer request message.

17. A power supply apparatus comprising at least one charging pad and providing power to an electric vehicle, the power supply apparatus comprising at least one processor and a memory storing at least one instruction for execution by the at least one processor, wherein the at least one instruction is configured to:

establishing a communication link with the electric vehicle;

18. The power supply apparatus of claim 17, wherein the electric vehicle and the power supply apparatus exchange wireless charging-related messages according to international organization for standardization 15118.

19. The power supply apparatus of claim 18, wherein the basic information is sent in a service detail response message.

20. The power supply apparatus of claim 18, wherein at least one of the information about the output power and the information about the charging cost is included in a charging parameter discovery response message.