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CN110014876B - Method for limiting the air gap torque of a synchronous machine in the event of a fault - Google Patents

Method for limiting the air gap torque of a synchronous machine in the event of a fault Download PDF

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Publication number
CN110014876B
CN110014876B CN201810938036.2A CN201810938036A CN110014876B CN 110014876 B CN110014876 B CN 110014876B CN 201810938036 A CN201810938036 A CN 201810938036A CN 110014876 B CN110014876 B CN 110014876B
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China
Prior art keywords
control system
inverter
event
contactor
battery
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Active
Application number
CN201810938036.2A
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Chinese (zh)
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CN110014876A (en
Inventor
卡斯滕·韦德曼
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Valeo eAutomotive Germany GmbH
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Valeo Siemens eAutomotive Germany GmbH
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H02P25/024—Synchronous motors controlled by supply frequency
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0061—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to electrical machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0084—Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to control modules
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04—Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0805—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for synchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors
    • H02H7/0833—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric motors for electric motors with control arrangements
    • H02H7/0844—Fail safe control, e.g. by comparing control signal and controlled current, isolating motor on commutation error
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/10—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers
    • H02H7/12—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers
    • H02H7/122—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters
    • H02H7/1225—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for converters; for rectifiers for static converters or rectifiers for inverters, i.e. DC/AC converters responsive to internal faults, e.g. shoot-through
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P1/00—Arrangements for starting electric motors or dynamo-electric converters
    • H02P1/02—Details of starting control
    • H02P1/022—Security devices, e.g. correct phase sequencing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P25/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details
    • H02P25/02—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of AC motor or by structural details characterised by the kind of motor
    • H02P25/022—Synchronous motors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
    • H02P29/02—Providing protection against overload without automatic interruption of supply
    • H02P29/024—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load
    • H02P29/0241—Detecting a fault condition, e.g. short circuit, locked rotor, open circuit or loss of load the fault being an overvoltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/10—Electrical machine types
    • B60L2220/14—Synchronous machines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for limiting the air gap torque of a synchronous machine in the event of a fault, wherein the synchronous machine (6) is connected to an inverter (2) for supplying an alternating current, wherein the inverter (2) comprises an inverter device comprising: having a plurality of power transistors (4 a,4 b) connected as a half-bridge circuit, a control system (7) for controlling the power transistors (4 a,4 b), and a direct current section (3) connected to the inverter, wherein the direct current section (3) is connected to a battery (1) and a contactor (9) is connected between the inverter and the battery (1), characterized in that in the event of a fault, a circuit signal is generated for switching off the contactor (9) by means of the control system (7) or a monitoring control system (8) for monitoring the orderly operation of the control system (7).

Description

Method for limiting the air gap torque of a synchronous machine in the event of a fault
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for limiting the air gap torque of a synchronous machine in the event of a fault.
Background
Permanent magnet synchronous motors are generally known from the prior art, which are driven by means of a direct current source, for example a battery, with an inverter connected in between, which is supplied with alternating current.
In particular in the case of a synchronous motor of this type for driving a vehicle, it is necessary for safety reasons to brake the torsional movement of the synchronous motor as little as possible in the event of a fault. In this case, the inverter rectifier provided in the inverter is operated in a so-called Pulse off operating state, in which all power semiconductors are in an open state, when the number of revolutions of the synchronous machine is very small, for example, below 5000 revolutions per minute (=rpm). In the "Pulse off" -operating state, no air gap torque is produced which counteracts the torsional movement of the synchronous machine and brakes this movement at the very few revolutions mentioned.
At high revolutions, for example above 5000RPM, the torque brought about by the "Pulse off" -operating state increases rapidly and causes an undesired braking of the synchronous motor. Above this revolution, the "Pulse off" -operating state is switched off, and instead a so-called "active short circuit" is generated in the reverse rectifier, wherein a first power transistor of the half-bridge circuit, which is connected to a first terminal of the dc section, is switched on and a second power transistor, which is connected to a second terminal of the dc section, is switched off. The "active short-circuited" on-state, in particular the air gap torque induced at revolutions in the range of, for example, 0 to 2500RPM, does not at all react to the torsional movement of the synchronous machine.
The operating mode known from the prior art for avoiding an air gap torque of a synchronous machine in the event of a fault only works without a fault if both the power semiconductors and the control system for controlling the power semiconductors are operating in order. In addition, in particular in the event of failure of one or more power semiconductors, the reverse rectifier can no longer be put into an on-state in which "Pulse off" -operation or "active short-circuit" can be achieved. In conventional methods, therefore, it is not ensured that the torsional movement of the synchronous motor is not braked in all fault situations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art. In particular, a better method for avoiding the air gap torque of synchronous machines in the event of a fault is to be provided. According to a further object of the invention, the method is to be able to be carried out as simply and cost-effectively as possible.
This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. The effective configuration of the invention is derived from the features of the dependent claims.
According to the invention, in the event of a fault, a control signal for opening the contactor is generated by means of the control system or a monitoring control system that monitors the ordered operation of the control system.
By the fact that according to the invention the circuit is opened by opening the contactor in the region of the dc current section of the reverse rectifier or in the region of the dc power supply connected to the reverse rectifier in the event of a fault, the intermediate circuit voltage rises to the value of the rectified electromotive force. Thus, the diodes of the half-bridge circuit latch up. No air gap torque is generated that counteracts the torsional movement of the synchronous machine.
The proposed method can be implemented without large equipment investment. In order to interrupt the supply of direct current to the reverse rectifier, contactors, which are usually already provided in the motor vehicle sector, can be used. In order to carry out the method in such a case, it is only necessary to trigger an appropriate control of the contactor in the event of a fault.
The control signal can be produced by means of the control system in the event of failure or malfunction of one or more power transistors. In the event of a malfunction or malfunction of the control system, the control signal is advantageously produced by means of a monitoring control system which monitors the operation of the control system.
The contactor according to the invention may be an integral part of the inverter. In this case, the inverter itself is suitable as and arranged as a structural unit for carrying out the method according to the invention.
According to another embodiment, the contactor and the monitoring control system can also be provided in the motor vehicle. The monitoring control system can in this case be used, for example, as a component of a motor vehicle control unit provided in the motor vehicle sector. In this case, the control signal for opening the contactor is generated in the event of a failure of the data communication between the monitoring control system and the control system by means of the monitoring control system. The control signal may be generated, for example, when data communication between the supervisory control system and the control system is interrupted, whereby the contactor is opened.
According to another embodiment, an "active short circuit" can be generated in the event of a malfunction or malfunction of the control system in the reverse rectifier, by means of a first power transistor connected to a first terminal of the dc current section being switched on and a second power transistor connected to a second terminal of the dc current section being switched off. The generation of the "active short circuit" is effectively achieved by means of the supervisory control system.
In the above design, the control signal may be generated when the current flowing in the short circuit exceeds a predetermined threshold value. Wherein the current flowing in the short circuit is effectively calculated from the sum of the individual currents flowing through each of the phases.
A second aspect of the invention relates to a computer program product comprising instructions readable by a computer on a computer readable program storage medium, wherein said computer readable instructions, if read and executed by a computer, cause at least one computer to implement the flow according to the invention. The program storage medium may be, for example, a hard disk, CD-ROM, floppy disk, flash memory, or the like.
The control system and/or the supervisory control system generally involves a microprocessor with a memory unit in which a computer program for monitoring and controlling the various functions is stored. According to a very simple and cost-effective embodiment variant of the method, the computer program according to the invention only needs to be complemented by a computer program contained in the control system and/or monitoring control system. Thus, when using contactors provided in the automotive sector, the method can already be implemented by modifying and/or supplementing the computer program contained in the control system and/or the supervisory control system. The computer program product according to the invention may of course be part of a comprehensive computer program which also monitors or controls the inverter and/or other functions of the device provided with the inverter.
According to one embodiment, the computer program product according to the invention is also part of the monitoring control system for monitoring the ordered operation of the control system. The supervisory control system is in this case an integral part of the inverter.
Another aspect of the invention relates to an electric vehicle comprising a synchronous motor, an inverter for supplying alternating current to the permanent magnet synchronous motor and comprising an inverse rectifier with a plurality of power transistors connected in series in a half-bridge circuit, a control system for controlling the power transistors, a direct current section connected to the inverse rectifier, wherein the direct current section is connected to a battery and a contactor is connected into the connection between the inverter and the battery, and a monitoring control system connected to the contactor and the control system for monitoring the orderly operation of the control system. Wherein said control system and said supervisory control system comprise said computer program product. In the proposed electric vehicle, the contactor, the battery and the monitoring control system are arranged in the vehicle, i.e. the inverter forms a separate component which is connected at least to the monitoring control system.
The synchronous motor preferably relates to a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
The computer program product has the function of triggering a control signal for opening the contactor when a specific predefined event occurs. If the computer program product is made part of the control system, such an event may be, for example, a malfunction or failure of one or more power transistors. If the computer program product is an integral part of the supervisory control system, a control system may be generated, for example, when data communication with the control system is interrupted. Thus, the computer program product may be designed differently in terms of the events used to trigger the control signals. The computer program product may comprise a plurality of sub-computer programs which are part of the control system on the one hand and the supervisory control system on the other hand.
Drawings
The invention is further elucidated below with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is an on state of an inverter in a "pulse-disjoint" operation;
FIG. 2 is an air gap torque for revolutions in a "pulse disjoint" operation;
fig. 3 is an on state of the inverter at "active short circuit";
FIG. 4 is an air gap torque for revolutions in "active short"; and
fig. 5 is an example of a circuit according to the invention.
Detailed Description
In fig. 1, 3 and 5, the battery provided on the vehicle is marked with the symbol 1. The inverter, generally designated 2, has a dc current section 3 and a plurality of power transistors 4a and 4b connected in a half-bridge circuit. Diodes arranged in parallel with the power transistors 4a,4b are marked with references 5a and 5b. The inverter 2 is connected on the output side to a synchronous motor, in particular a permanent magnet synchronous motor, which is generally designated 6.
In "pulse-disjoint" operation as shown in fig. 1 and 2, all power transistors 4a and 4b, which for example relate to IGBTs, are off-state. Depending on the number of revolutions of the synchronous machine, a rectified electromotive force (EMF) is produced in "pulse-disconnected" operation, which electromotive force is greater than the dc voltage present in the intermediate circuit or dc section 3. Thus exciting a direct current, generating reverse power resulting in a braking torque. Fig. 2 shows a braking torque curve due to the voltage difference of the battery 1. It can be seen that significant braking torque or air gap torque is only built up in the range of revolutions exceeding 5000 RPM.
Fig. 3 and 4 reflect the operating state in the case of a so-called "active short circuit". Wherein a first power transistor 4a connected to one of the poles is turned off and a second power transistor 4b connected to the other pole of the battery 1 is turned on. As can be seen in particular from fig. 4, a significant air gap torque is produced at low revolutions as early as during an "active short circuit". The power transistor is operated normally, and the circuit state shown in fig. 3 can be switched on and off, which is imperatively required during the "active short-circuit" operation.
Fig. 5 shows an example of a circuit according to the invention. The control system 7 may control the power transistors 4a, 4b. The control system 7 is connected with a monitoring control system 8 arranged on the vehicle. The monitoring control system 8 can switch on or off the contactor 9.
According to the method of the invention, in the event of a fault, the first power transistor 4a is turned off and the second power transistor 4b is turned on by means of the control system 7, so that the "active short-circuited" circuit state is formed. At the same time, the control system 7 transmits a signal to the monitoring control system 8, whereby the contactor 9 is opened by means of the monitoring control system 8. Thus cutting off the circuit to the battery 1. The air gap torque that constitutes the brake is thereby safely and reliably avoided.
According to a variant of the invention shown, it is also possible to automatically open the contactor 9 by means of the supervisory control system 8 when, for example, the signal transmission between the control system 7 and the supervisory control system 8 is disturbed.
According to a further variant of the invention, it is also conceivable to directly generate a circuit signal for opening the contactor 9 by means of the control system 7.
The method provided by the invention is very safe and reliable. Even when the "active short" circuit state is not achievable due to a malfunction of the power transistors 4a,4b, an undesired air gap torque is avoided in this case due to the simultaneous opening of the contactors 9. When the contactor 9 is opened, the intermediate circuit voltage in the dc voltage section 3 increases to the value of the rectified electromotive force. The diodes 5a, 5b are thus open, no longer conducting any current, thereby avoiding the generation of air gap torque.
List of reference numerals
1. Battery cell
2. Inverter with a power supply
3. DC voltage section
4a first circuit breaker
4b second circuit breaker
5a first diode
5b second diode
6. Synchronous motor
7. Control device
8. Monitoring control system
9. Contactor

Claims (8)

1. Method for limiting the air gap torque of a synchronous machine in the event of a fault, wherein the synchronous machine (6) is connected to an inverter (2) for supplying an alternating current, wherein the inverter (2) comprises the following inverter means: having a plurality of power transistors (4 a,4 b) connected as a half-bridge circuit, a control system (7) for controlling the power transistors (4 a,4 b), and a direct current section (3) connected to the inverter, the direct current section (3) being connected to a battery (1) and a vehicle-side contactor (9) being connected to the connection between the inverter and the battery (1), wherein in the event of a fault, a circuit signal is generated for switching off the contactor (9) by means of a vehicle-side monitoring control system (8) monitoring the orderly operation of the control system (7), wherein the circuit signal is generated by means of the monitoring control system (8) in the event of a malfunction or malfunction of the control system (7) and/or in the event of a data communication failure between the monitoring control system (8) and the control system (7).
2. Method according to claim 1, wherein an active short circuit is generated in the inverter in case of a malfunction or malfunction of the control system (7) by means of a first power transistor (4 a) connected to a first pole of the dc section (3) being disconnected and a second power transistor (4 b) connected to a second pole of the dc section (3) being connected.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the circuit signal is generated when a current flowing in the short circuit exceeds a predetermined threshold.
4. A method according to claim 3, wherein the current flowing in the short circuit is calculated from the sum of the respective currents flowing through each of the phases.
5. Method according to one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the control system (7) simultaneously transmits a signal to the monitoring control system (8), whereby the contactor (9) is broken by means of the monitoring control system (8).
6. A computer program product comprising instructions readable by a computer on a computer readable program storage medium, wherein the computer readable instructions, if read and executed by a computer, cause at least one computer to implement the method of any of the preceding claims.
7. Inverter (2) for supplying an alternating current to a synchronous motor (6), comprising an inverter rectifier with a plurality of power transistors (4 a,4 b) connected as a half-bridge circuit, a control system (7) for controlling the power transistors (4 a,4 b), and a direct current section (3) connected to the inverter rectifier, wherein the direct current section (3) is connectable to a battery (1) and a contact (9) is connected between the inverter rectifier and the battery (1), characterized in that the control system comprises the computer program product according to claim 6.
8. An electric vehicle comprising:
a synchronous motor;
an inverter (2) for supplying an alternating current to a synchronous motor (6) and comprising an inverter rectifier having a plurality of power transistors (4 a,4 b) connected in a half-bridge circuit;
a control system (7) for controlling the power transistors (4 a,4 b); and
a direct current section (3) connected to the inverter rectifier, wherein the direct current section (3) is connected to a battery (1) and a contactor (9) is connected to the connection between the inverter (2) and the battery (1); and
a monitoring control system (8) connected to the contactor (9) and the control system (7) for monitoring the orderly operation of the control system;
characterized in that the control system (7) and the monitoring control system (8) comprise a computer program product according to claim 6.
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