CN110012750B - Multilayer partition type plant cultivation device and plant cultivation system - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a multi-layer clapboard-type plant cultivation device and a plant cultivation system having the multi-layer clapboard-type plant cultivation device, which can effectively diffuse heat from an artificial illuminator to the atmosphere, Thus, the temperature of the nutrient solution flowing in the tray directly above the artificial illuminator and the temperature of the root ring of the plant placed on the tray are prevented from rising. In the multi-layer partition-type plant growing apparatuses (3 to 6) in which artificial lighting (13) is provided on the lower surface of a shelf, the artificial lighting (13) is provided with: a watering tray provided on the shelf Box (13a), fluorescent lamp (13c), and power supply unit (13g) on the lower surface side of (31). The power supply unit (13g) is provided on the bottom plate (13e) of the casing (13a), and the power supply unit (13g) is separated from the top plate (13d). The bottom plate (13e) doubles as a reflector for the fluorescent lamp (13c).

Description

Multilayer partition type plant cultivation device and plant cultivation system

The patent application of the present invention is a divisional application filed for an application with an application date of March 19, 2014, an application number of 201410103061.0, and an invention title of "multi-layer partition-type plant cultivation device and plant cultivation system".

technical field

The invention relates to a multi-layer clapboard type plant cultivation device such as a seedling raising device with an artificial illuminator, in particular to a multi-layer clapboard type plant cultivation device with an improved structure of the artificial illuminator. In addition, the present invention relates to a plant growing system including the multi-layer partition type plant growing device.

Background technique

Patent Documents 1 to 3 describe a multi-layer partition type plant growing device in which multiple shelves are provided, a tray is provided on the upper surface of each shelf, and seedlings are arranged on the tray. The seedlings are raised by watering and irradiating light from artificial lighting such as fluorescent lamps. The artificial illuminator is provided on the lower surface side of each shelf, and is configured to emit light only on the plants on the lower side of the shelf one stage lower than the shelf. Moreover, light is irradiated to the plant on the uppermost shelf from the artificial illuminator provided in the top surface part of the multi-layer partition type plant growing apparatus.

Heat is generated from this artificial luminaire. In order to prevent the temperature of the growing environment of the plant from rising higher than a set range due to the heat, Patent Document 1 describes that the heat from an artificial illuminator is transferred to a nutrient solution flowing in a tray directly above the artificial illuminator. , and set the content of the cooling unit of the nutrient solution on the circulation path of the nutrient solution. However, in this manner, a cooling unit is required, resulting in an increase in equipment cost. In addition, in the case of growing plants by intermittently supplying the nutrient solution, when the supply of the nutrient solution is stopped, the heat transmitted from the artificial illuminator passes through the tray to raise the temperature of the rhizosphere of the plant, thereby making it easier to treat the plant. breeding has adverse effects.

In order to prevent the heat from the artificial illuminator from being transferred to the tray directly above it, it is also considered to separate the tray from the artificial illuminator, but in this case, the upper and lower intervals of the shelves are increased, resulting in a reduction in the number of plants growing per unit space.

Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-34064

Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-52253

Patent Document 3: WO2004/026023

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of the present invention is to provide a device capable of efficiently diffusing heat from the artificial illuminator to the atmosphere, thereby preventing the temperature of the nutrient solution flowing in the tray directly above the artificial illuminator and the temperature of the root ring of the plant on the tray from rising. A multi-layer partition type plant cultivation device, and a plant cultivation system having the multi-layer partition type plant cultivation device.

In the multi-layer partition type plant growing device of the present invention, the shelves for plant growing are arranged in upper and lower layers, and each shelf is provided with a watering device for flowing the nutrient solution, and the lower surface of the shelf is An artificial illuminator for irradiating light to plants on the shelf on the lower side is provided, and the multi-layer partition type plant growing device is characterized in that the artificial illuminator is provided below the shelf. A box on the front side, a light-emitting body arranged on the lower surface side of the box, and a power supply unit for the operation of the light-emitting body provided in the box, the box has a top plate and a bottom plate, and the power supply unit is provided in the The bottom plate and the power supply unit are separated from the top plate.

In the multi-layer partition type plant growing apparatus, it is preferable to provide an air flow forming mechanism for forming an air flow in a space above each of the shelves.

In this invention, it is preferable that the said box abuts the lower surface of the said shelf. Moreover, it is preferable that the bottom plate of the said box serves as a reflection plate for reflecting the light from the said light-emitting body.

The plant cultivation system of the present invention is a plant cultivation system in which the above-mentioned multi-layer partition type plant cultivation device is installed in a closed building structure.

According to the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

(1) In the multi-layer partition type plant growing device of the present invention, the artificial illuminator provided on the lower surface side of the shelf includes a box body, a light-emitting body arranged on the lower surface side of the box body, and a device provided on the lower surface side of the box body. The power supply unit in the box, the power supply unit is arranged on the bottom plate of the box body, and the power supply unit is separated from the top plate of the box body. Therefore, the heat of the power supply unit of the artificial illuminator is mainly radiated downward from the bottom plate of the box, thereby reducing the heat transferred to the upper shelf of the artificial illuminator. Thereby, the nutrient solution flowing on the shelf (on the tray) and the root ring of the plant placed on the tray are prevented from being heated by the heat of the artificial light, and the plant can be grown efficiently. In addition, a cooling unit for cooling the nutrient solution is not required, so that the equipment cost can be reduced. In addition, the nutrient solution mentioned here means the water, fresh water, etc. containing a fertilizer component.

In addition, since the plants can be grown in such a way that the flow of the nutrient solution to the trays is stopped, the amount of water applied to the plants can be limited by shortening the time for the nutrient solution to flow to the trays per day, so that even if transplanted to the field, the plants can be cultivated. , After the greenhouse, it also has excellent seedlings with drought-resistant quality.

In a general apparatus for raising seedlings, in order to prevent "over-watering" of the seedlings, it is preferable that the time for immersing the rhizosphere of the seedlings in the nutrient solution is short. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately adjust the time for pouring the nutrient solution onto the tray according to the type of the seedling to be grown, so that the root ring portion is kept as dry as possible.

(2) By allowing the airflow to flow in the space on the upper side of the shelf, the air heated by the heat of the artificial illuminator can be discharged from the space, and the temperature of the space can be kept more constant.

(3) In the present invention, even if the artificial illuminator is brought into contact with the lower surface of the shelf, the amount of heat transmitted from the artificial illuminator to the shelf is small. In this way, by contacting the artificial illuminator with the lower surface of the shelf, it is possible to reduce the height of the multi-layer partition type plant growing apparatus without reducing the height of the space, or to prevent the multi-layer partition type plant growing apparatus from being enlarged. height and increase the number of shelves.

(4) By using the bottom plate of the housing of the artificial illuminator as a reflection plate that reflects the light from the light-emitting body, the light from the light-emitting body can be effectively used for plant growth.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a plant growing system including a multi-layer partition type plant growing apparatus according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is a front view of the multi-layer partition type plant growing apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3 .

5 is a plan view of a tray of the multi-layer partition type plant growing apparatus according to the embodiment.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the tray of FIG. 5 .

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 5 .

Figure 8 is a bottom view of the artificial illuminator.

FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IX-IX of FIG. 8 .

10 is a cross-sectional view of a tray of a multi-layer partition type plant growing apparatus according to another embodiment.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS: 1...closed building structure; 3, 4, 5, 6...multilayer clapboard-type plant growing device; 3a...side panel; 3b...back panel; 3c...base; 3e...top panel; 7～10...air conditioner; 12...seedling shelf; 13...artificial lighting device; 13a...box body; 13b...lamp base; 13c...fluorescent lamp; 13d...top plate; 13e...bottom plate; 13f...circuit component; ;13s...switch; 15...air fan; 16...CO2 tank; 30, 30'...watering device; 31...watering tray; 31d...bottom plate; 33a…hole; 34…weir; 34a…notch; 35…rib; 40…plug; 41…hole; 42hole;

Detailed ways

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10 . As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , a box-shaped (four in the illustrated example) multiple layers are installed in a house of a completely light-shielding closed building structure 1 surrounded by a heat-insulating wall surface. Clapboard type plant cultivation device 3, 4, 5, 6. In this embodiment, the plant growing device is a seedling raising device.

In FIG. 1 , the two multi-layer partition type plant growth apparatuses 3 and 4 are arranged in a row so that the respective open front surfaces of the two multi-layer partition type plant growth apparatuses 3 and 4 are oriented in the same direction. The two multi-layer partition type plant cultivation devices 5 and 6 are arranged in a row so that the open front surfaces of the two multi-layer partition type plant cultivation devices 5 and 6 face the same direction, and the open front surfaces of the two multi-layer partition type plant cultivation devices 5 and 6 face each other. way to configure two columns in the house. In addition, a work space is provided between the two rows described above to the extent that one or a plurality of operators can work. A space of about 50-500 mm width is provided between the wall surface of the house and the back of each of the multi-layer partition type plant growing devices 3 to 6, thereby forming an air passage through the multi-layer partition type plant growing devices 3 to 6.

Preferably, if an air curtain is provided inside the door 2 for entering and exiting the house, it is possible to prevent outside air from entering when an operator enters and exits.

The air conditioners 7-10 are installed in the upper part of the wall surface of a house, and these have the function of adjusting the temperature and humidity of the air in the house, and circulating the air for adjusting the temperature and humidity to set conditions.

As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the multi-layer partition-type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 6 have a base 3c, left and right side panels 3a, a back panel 3b on the back, and a top panel 3e on the top, respectively, and have an open box shape on the front. Construct. Inside this box-shaped structure, a plurality of seedling raising shelves 12 are arranged in multiple layers at regular intervals in the up-down direction.

Preferably, the height of each of the multi-layer partition type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 6 is about 2000 mm, which is a height that allows the operator to work, and the width of the seedling raising shelf 12 is such that a plurality of resin-made plug trays can be placed side by side, and The temperature/humidity of the upper space of each shelf 12 is adjusted to a constant width, for example, about 1000 mm to 2000 mm, and the plug tray is formed by arranging tens to hundreds of holes (small bowls) in a lattice shape, and the seedlings are raised. The depth of the shelf 12 is 500 mm - 1000 mm. A plurality of plug trays 40 (see FIG. 1 ) are placed substantially horizontally on each seedling raising shelf 12 . The size of a plug tray is generally about 300mm in width and 600mm in length.

The seedling raising shelf 12 of the lowest stage is placed on the base 3c. It is comprised so that the horizontality of the seedling raising shelf 12 can be adjusted by the adjuster (illustration omitted) provided in the base 3c.

The watering apparatus 30 mentioned later is installed in each seedling raising shelf 12. As shown in FIG.

Artificial illuminators 13 are provided on the lower surfaces of the seedling raising shelves 12 and the top plate 3e on the second floor and above from the bottom, and are configured as plug trays 40 for the seedling raising shelves 12 directly below the artificial illuminators 13 Plants growing in irradiate light. In this embodiment, the artificial illuminators 13 other than the uppermost part are attached to the lower surface of the watering tray 31 to be described later.

As the light-emitting body of the artificial illuminator 13, a fluorescent lamp, an LED, etc. are preferable, but in this embodiment, a straight tube-shaped fluorescent lamp is used as a light source.

The detailed structure of the artificial illuminator 13 is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9 . 8 is a bottom view of the artificial illuminator 13, and FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IX-IX of FIG. 8 . The artificial illuminator 13 is an artificial illuminator in which a plurality of pairs (six pairs in this embodiment) of sockets 13b are attached to the lower surface of the box 13a, and both ends of the fluorescent lamp 13c are inserted into the sockets 13b and 13b. A switch 13s is provided on the lower surface of the case 13a.

The box 13a is a box-shaped body having a top plate 13d and a bottom plate 13e, and the bottom plate 13e also serves as a reflector for reflecting the light of the fluorescent lamp 13c. A power supply unit 13g is provided in the box 13a, and the power supply unit 13g has built-in circuit components 13f such as a stabilizer, an inverter, a constant current circuit, a constant voltage circuit, and a current limiting resistor. In this embodiment, the three power supply units 13g are arranged between the fluorescent lamps 13c, that is, between the first row and the second row of the fluorescent lamps 13c, between the third row and the fourth row of the fluorescent lamps 13c, and between the fifth row and the Between the fluorescent lamps 13c in the sixth row. Each power supply unit 13g is attached to the bottom plate 13e of the casing 13a. A gap of about 3 to 30 mm is provided between each power supply unit 13g and the top plate 13d of the case 13a. In the artificial illuminator 13, the heat generated by the power supply unit 13g is transferred to the bottom plate 13e, and diffused from the bottom plate 13e. That is, it is transmitted to the air which flows in the seedling raising space below the artificial lighting device 13 . In addition, heat from the fluorescent lamps 13c is also transferred to the air flow.

Since a gap is provided between the power supply unit 13g and the box top plate 13d, the amount of heat transferred from the power supply unit 13g to the top plate 13d is significantly reduced. Therefore, the nutrient solution flowing on the watering tray 31 and the rhizosphere of the plant planted in the plug tray 40 can be prevented from being heated by the heat of the artificial illuminator 13 .

As shown in FIG. 4 , ventilation openings are provided on the rear panel 3b between the seedling raising shelves 12 and the space between the seedling raising shelves 12 on the uppermost layer and the top panel 3e (seedling raising space), and each ventilation hole is provided. Air fans 15 are installed at the ports, respectively. By operating the air fan 15, the circulating flow of the air shown by the arrow in FIG. 2 is generated in the house. That is, the air after temperature and humidity control by the air conditioners 7 to 10 is sucked from the open front side of the multi-layer shelf-type plant growing apparatuses 3 to 6 into the seedling raising spaces of each layer of the seedling raising shelf 12, and flows from the air vents to the back panel. 3b is discharged from the rear, passes between the rear of the back panel 3b and the building wall surface, and rises, and is sucked into the air conditioners 7 to 10, and after temperature and humidity control, it is blown out to the multi-layer partition type plant growing devices 3 to 6 again. Open the front side.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 , when two rows of the multi-layer partition type plant cultivation devices 3 and 4 and the multi-layer partition type plant cultivation devices 5 and 6 are arranged so that a work space is formed between them, This work space also functions as a circulation passage for air, thereby forming an effective circulation flow.

When the circulating flow passes through each seedling raising space of the multi-layer partition type plant growing devices 3 to 6, the water vapor evaporated from the watering device, the culture medium, the plants, etc., and the heat released from the artificial lighting device 13 are accompanied by the circulating flow. The temperature and humidity of the circulating flow can be controlled by the air conditioners 7 to 10 and continuously circulated, whereby the temperature and humidity environment in the house can be maintained at an optimum temperature and humidity environment for plant growth. The flow velocity of the air flowing in the seedling raising space is preferably 0.1 m/sec or more, more preferably 0.2 m/sec or more, and still more preferably 0.3 m/sec or more. If the speed of the airflow is too fast, there is a possibility that a problem may arise in the cultivation of plants, and it is generally preferable to be 2.0 m/sec or less.

In this embodiment, the air flow is made to flow from the front side of the seedling raising space to the back side of the shelf in a negative pressure state via the fan 15, but it may flow in a positive pressure state from the back side of the shelf plate to the front side on the contrary. However, when flowing from the front side to the back side of the shelf in a negative pressure state, the airflow in the seedling raising space is made uniform.

In this embodiment, the watering tray 31 of the watering device (bottom watering device) 30 constitutes the plate of the shelf of each seedling raising shelf 12 , and the tray 40 placed on the watering tray 31 is configured so that the water the underside. A configuration example of the watering device 30 will be described with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 . 5 is a plan view of the watering device, FIG. 6 is a perspective view, and FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line VII-VII of FIG. 5 .

The watering device 30 includes a quadrangular watering tray 31 having a bottom plate 31d, and side walls 31a, 31b, and 31c are erected on the rear and right and left sides of the bottom plate 31d. A drain groove 32 is provided on the front side without the side wall of the watering tray 31 so as to be connected to the bottom plate 31 d , and a drain port 32 a is formed at one end of the drain groove 32 . The drainage groove 32 and the bottom plate 31 d are partitioned by the weir 34 , and the nutrient solution is configured to flow out to the drainage groove 32 from the cutouts 34 a at both ends of the weir 34 . In addition, a water supply pipe 33 for supplying nutrient solution into the watering tray 31 is provided along the rear side wall 31 a of the watering tray 31 , and the nutrient solution is supplied to the tray 31 from a plurality of small holes 33 a provided in the water supply pipe 33 . .

On the upper surface of the watering tray bottom plate 31d, a plurality of ridges 35 having a height of about 7 mm are extended in parallel to each other so as to face the drainage groove 32, and the plug tray 40 is placed on the ridges 35.

As shown in FIG. 4 , the watering device 30 is formed so that the drainage groove 32 is opened from the growing devices 3 to 6 when the watering tray 31 is placed on the seedling raising shelves 12 of the multi-layer partition type plant growing devices 3 to 6 . Prominent size in the front. The nutrient solution drained from the drain port 32a of the drain groove 32 of the watering tray 31 placed on each layer of the seedling raising shelf 12 is collected by making the drainage groove 32 protrude from the open front surface of the growing device, and it is easy to flow to the building structure 1 External discharge.

When the nutrient solution is continuously supplied from the small hole 33a of the water supply pipe 33 provided in the watering device 30, the nutrient solution is blocked by the weir 34 and stored at a predetermined water level, thereby being in a storage state. While the nutrient solution is supplied from the water supply pipe 33, the nutrient solution flows out to the drainage groove 32 from the cutout portion 34a little by little. It is preferable to maintain the water storage state of the water level in the watering tray 31 at a water level of about 10 to 12 mm, for example, by adjusting the supply amount of the nutrient solution and the outflow amount from the notch portion 34a. By capillary action, water is sucked up from the wells 42 formed on the bottom surfaces of the wells 41 of the wells 40 placed on the ridges 35 and supplied to the culture medium in the wells, so that the medium in all the wells 41 can be emptied in a short time. into a water-saturated state.

The artificial illuminator 13 is attached to the lower surface of the bottom plate 31d of the watering tray 31 . In this embodiment, the top plate 13d of the box 13a of the artificial illuminator 13 is in direct contact with the lower surface of the watering tray 31, but a spacer pad and a heat insulating material may be interposed therebetween.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 7 , in this watering device 30 , the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d of the watering tray 31 is inclined in the direction of the drainage groove 32 . Thereby, when watering is stopped, the nutrient solution can be drained to the drainage tank 32 in a short time. In addition, when the upper surface of the bottom plate 31d is inclined, by changing the height of the rib 35 to make the top portion 35a of the rib horizontal, the tray 40 placed on the rib 35 can be kept horizontal. .

Fig. 10 shows another example of the watering device used in the present invention, and the same reference numerals are assigned to the same members as those of Figs. 5 to 7 . In this watering device 30 ′, when the plug tray 40 is placed on the watering tray bottom plate 31 d , the lower tray 50 is sandwiched between the watering tray bottom plate 31 d and the plug tray 40 . The lower tray 50 is rigid enough to support the plug tray 40 in which the culture medium is placed in each of the wells 41 , a plurality of small holes 51 are formed in the bottom wall surface of the lower tray 50 , and a plurality of small holes 51 are formed on the back surface of the tray 40 . protrusions 52 . The protrusions 52 function as gap maintaining means for maintaining a gap between the watering tray bottom plate 31d and the bottom surface of the plug tray 40 when the plug tray 40 is housed in the watering tray together with the lower tray 50 .

In the watering device 30 ′ of FIG. 10 , even when the nutrient solution is supplied from the water supply pipe 33 to achieve a water storage state of a predetermined water level, the nutrient solution is introduced into the lower tray 50 through the small holes 51 of the lower tray 50 , thereby Water is sucked up from the wells 42 formed on the bottom surfaces of the wells 41 of the well plate 40 by capillary action, and is supplied to the culture medium in the wells.

In addition, also in FIG. 10, the artificial illuminator 13 is attached to the lower surface of the watering tray bottom plate 31d.

As described above, the plug tray 40 placed on the watering tray 31 is a plug tray in which tens to hundreds of holes 41 are arranged in a grid shape and integrated into a tray shape, and the size of one plug tray is 300 mm in width and 600 mm in length around, but not limited to this.

As shown in FIG. 1 , in order to artificially supply the carbon dioxide consumed by the shoots due to photosynthesis, a liquefied carbon dioxide storage cylinder 16 is installed outside the building structure 1, and carbon dioxide is supplied from the carbon dioxide storage cylinder 16 so that the carbon dioxide concentration detection The carbon dioxide concentration in the house detected by the device is a constant concentration.

By cultivating seedlings using this seedling raising device, environmental conditions such as light quantity, temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide, and moisture suitable for the growth of seedlings can be automatically adjusted. In addition, since the seedlings of each seedling raising shelf can grow in exactly the same environment, the uniformity of the obtained seedling quality can be improved.

In this multi-layer clapboard type plant growing apparatus, the heat of the artificial illuminator 13 is transferred to the box bottom plate 13e which also serves as a reflector, and is transferred from the bottom plate 13e to the air flowing in the seedling growing space. The heat transfer from the artificial light 13 to the upper watering tray 31 is significantly reduced. Therefore, the temperature of the nutrient solution on the watering tray 31 is controlled within a predetermined range.

The above-described embodiment is an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, the size of the house and the number of installations of the multi-layer partition type plant cultivation apparatus may be other than the above. In addition, the air conditioner may be installed on the ceiling.

Claims (5)

1. A multi-layered shelf type plant cultivation apparatus in which shelves for plant cultivation are arranged in a plurality of layers, a watering device for flowing a nutrient solution is provided on each shelf, and an artificial lighting device for irradiating light to a plant on the shelf on the lower layer side is provided on the lower surface of the shelf, characterized in that,

the artificial illuminator is provided with: a box body arranged on the lower surface side of the shelf, a luminous body composed of LED, and a power supply unit for operating the luminous body,

the box body is provided with a top plate and a bottom plate,

the box body is directly abutted against the lower surface of the shelf,

the luminous body is positioned at the outer side of the box body and is arranged on the lower surface of the bottom plate of the box body,

the power supply unit has built-in circuit components,

the power supply unit is separated from the top plate,

a gap of 3-30 mm is left between the power supply unit and the top plate,

the watering device is provided with a watering tray,

an air flow forming mechanism is arranged in the space above each shelf and is used for forming air flow from the front side to the rear side of the watering tray.

2. The multi-walled baffle plant growing device of claim 1,

the space above each shelf is surrounded by the left and right side panels and the back panel at the back side, and the front side is opened,

in order to form the air flow, a vent hole is provided in the back panel, and an air fan is attached to the vent hole.

3. The multi-walled baffle plant growing device of claim 1,

the bottom plate of the case becomes a reflection plate for reflecting light from the light emitter.

4. The multi-walled baffle plant growing device of claim 2,

the bottom plate of the case becomes a reflection plate for reflecting light from the light emitter.

5. A plant cultivation system, characterized in that,

a multi-walled partition plant growing apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 disposed within an enclosed building structure.

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