CN110005390B - Method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil gas by medium-low maturity shale oil large well spacing - Google Patents
Method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil gas by medium-low maturity shale oil large well spacing Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
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- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
- E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/30—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells
- E21B43/305—Specific pattern of wells, e.g. optimising the spacing of wells comprising at least one inclined or horizontal well
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, which comprises the steps of deploying at least 3 horizontal well groups with odd number of wells in a reservoir according to the well spacing of 15-50 m; fracturing a reservoir, namely dividing fractures into three sections at equal intervals from a central injection well to a production well, and respectively injecting different types of proppants into the three sections in three stages; injecting hot gas into the central injection well, electrically heating the hot gas and producing the hot gas from the production well; when the temperature between the central injection well and a line wheel injection well reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature, the central injection well stops electrical heating and injects normal temperature gas into the central injection well; starting electric heating for a line wheel injection well; when the temperature between the first-line injection well and the second-line injection well reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature, the central injection well stops injecting the normal-temperature gas; stopping electric heating of the line wheel injection well, and injecting normal-temperature gas into the line wheel injection well; starting electric heating for the two-wheel injection well; the temperature of the reservoir circulated to the production well and the last wire injection well adjacent to the production well reaches the full pyrolysis temperature.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil gas by medium-low maturity shale oil with a large well spacing, and belongs to the technical field of shale oil exploitation.
Background
Oil shale is a sedimentary rock containing solid combustible organic matter, commonly known as kerogen or kerogen, often in a grayish brown or black color. In a natural state, natural oil shale is argillaceous shale with extremely low permeability and porosity, and kerogen is endowed in the oil shale in a solid state and is fused into the oil shale. The micro-bedding inside the oil shale is completely in a closed state in situ underground. Among all fossil fuels, oil shale is listed second only to coal if the reserves are converted to calorific values; the shale mother oil reserves in the world are quite large, and can reach more than 4000 hundred million tons if converted into the shale mother oil, which is equivalent to more than 5 times of the recoverable reserves of crude oil naturally proven in the world at present, so that the shale mother oil is a potential huge energy source and is one of the important substitutes of internationally recognized traditional petroleum resources. The shale oil resources in China are rich, and resource evaluation data shows that the shale oil is widely distributed in China, is spread in forty-seven basins of twenty provinces (cities and regions) in China, has the total reserve of about 476 hundred million tons of oil equivalent and is 1.5 times of the conventional oil and gas resource quantity, and is located in the fourth place of the world.
The main mining modes of shale oil are ground dry distillation and underground high-temperature in-situ conversion mining. However, the ground dry distillation is only suitable for the storage amount of the ultra-shallow shale oil with the buried depth of less than 100 meters, and the underground high-temperature in-situ conversion mining is required for the shale oil with the buried depth of more than 100 meters, even the deep shale oil with the buried depth of more than 1000 meters.
At present, the international main shale oil high-temperature in-situ conversion production technology comprises a downhole electrical heating in-situ modification technology (ICP) of SHELL, an Electrofrac technology of ExxonMobil, a CCR in-situ modification technology of AMSO and a CRUSH technology of CHEVRON. The 4 technologies are in the field test stage except that the CRUSH technology of CHEVRON is in the indoor research stage. The well spacing adopted by the technology is usually only 4-12 meters, the investment cost of intensive well deployment and completion process is extremely high, no economic benefit is realized below oil price of $ 80/barrel, and the technology is difficult to popularize commercially on a large scale.
In China, a plurality of patent applications disclose shale oil temperature in-situ conversion exploitation technologies, for example, Chinese patent application CN107387052A discloses a shale oil in-situ exploitation method, the method adopts a mode that a horizontal well and a straight well positioned at the toe of the horizontal well are communicated, and the shale oil is segmented and cracked by continuously segmenting and fracturing the horizontal well and injecting hot mixed hot gas, but the mode is based on segmented packing and high-pressure hot gas soaking, is only limited to shale oil in a near well zone of a thermal cracking horizontal well by about 3-5 meters, and cannot heat a shale oil reservoir in a far zone away from the horizontal well.
The Chinese patent application CN1676870A discloses a method for extracting oil and gas by convection heating of shale oil, which adopts a method of arranging a cluster well on the ground, the cluster well is communicated by fracturing, high-temperature steam with the temperature of 400-plus-700 ℃ is introduced into a heat injection well to generate heat exchange with the shale oil, a rock stratum is heated to be cracked to generate shale oil and gas, and the shale oil and gas is carried to the ground surface by low-temperature steam or water. Because the invention requires the injection well and the production well to carry out interval alternation in the production process, a large amount of injection heat is converted into the original injection heat well output of the production well in the alternation process, thereby causing heat invalid circulation; in addition, because high temperature shale oil inflation, in addition the injection steam in-process, the water swelling effect of shale oil of main content for clay mineral causes the crack to close again for the fracturing crack can't play the passageway of transmission heat steam, and a large amount of heat steam will come up in near the shale oil reservoir top of injection well under the effect is surpassed to the gravity, and the repeated heating cap coat makes the cap coat very easily produce the risk that high temperature crack and cap coat were broken through, thereby causes the incident.
The shale oil exploitation method can not solve two problems in the shale oil high-temperature in-situ conversion exploitation process: large well spacing heat transfer problems and continuous and efficient thermal cracking of fracture fractures. Therefore, providing a novel method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing has become an urgent technical problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects and shortcomings, the invention aims to provide a method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of large heating well spacing, high heat transfer efficiency of the shale oil and the like, and is suitable for commercial development of the shale oil with the thickness of more than 4 meters.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium and low maturity shale oil large well spacing, wherein the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium and low maturity shale oil large well spacing comprises:
(1) deploying at least 3 horizontal well groups with odd number of wells and parallel horizontal sections in the medium-low maturity shale oil reservoir according to the well spacing of 15-50 m, wherein the horizontal well in the center of the horizontal well group is a central injection well, and the two horizontal wells at the two ends are production wells;
when the number of the deployed wells is more than 3, the wells between the production wells and the central injection well are injection wells;
(2) fracturing a shale oil reservoir by adopting a multi-section multi-cluster continuous volume fracturing mode, dividing fractures into three sections at equal intervals from a central injection well to a production well, sequentially injecting different types of propping agents into the three sections of fractures in three stages respectively, wherein the fractures are located in a near-well zone, a middle fracture and a farthest end fracture, and establishing a heat conduction and flow guide channel;
(3) injecting hot gas from the ground to a central injection well, and simultaneously electrically heating the central injection well and producing from a production well;
(4) when the reservoir temperature between the central injection well and the front-wheel injection well reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature, the central injection well stops electric heating, and normal-temperature gas is injected into the central injection well; starting electric heating for a line wheel injection well;
(5) when the reservoir temperature between the first wheel injection well and the second wheel injection well reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature, the central injection well stops injecting normal-temperature gas; stopping electric heating of the first-line wheel injection well, and injecting normal-temperature gas into the first-line wheel injection well; starting electric heating for the two-wheel injection well; and circulating the steps until the reservoir temperature between the production well and the last wire injection well adjacent to the production well reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature, and stopping production.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas by using the medium-low maturity shale oil with large well spacing, high-energy resistance heaters arranged on the horizontal sections of the central injection well and each injection well can be used for electrically heating the shale oil and gas.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the high-energy resistance heater may be, for example, a magnesium oxide mineral insulated heating cable, and in addition, the high-energy resistance heater needs to be used with a temperature and pressure monitoring system (such as a thermocouple, a pressure sensor, etc.) to monitor temperature and pressure; meanwhile, the temperature and pressure monitoring system is also required to be electrically connected with a ground temperature control system, and the ground temperature control system automatically adjusts the power of the high-energy resistance heater according to the change of the surface temperature of the high-energy resistance heater measured by the temperature and pressure monitoring system.
According to the method for the in-situ conversion exploitation of the shale oil and gas with the medium-low maturity shale oil and the large well spacing, the power of a high-energy resistance heater used for electric heating is preferably more than 1500W/m.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil at a large well spacing, the heat exchange energy efficiency between the heat generated by electric heating and the gas is more than 90%, namely the heat of the underground high-energy resistance heater exchanges heat with the gas in the underground shaft, so as to improve the temperature of the gas, and the heat exchange efficiency in the heat exchange process is more than 90%.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, when the number of deployed wells is more than 3, the wells between the production well and the central injection well are wheel injection wells, wherein according to the well spacing of the wheel injection wells and the central injection well, the wheel injection wells are sequentially defined as a one-line wheel injection well and a two-line wheel injection well … … n-line wheel injection well according to the sequence of the wheel injection wells and the central injection well from small to large, and when the one-line wheel injection well and the two-line wheel injection well … … n-line wheel injection wells respectively comprise two or more horizontal wells, the distances between each horizontal well and the central injection well are the same.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, the spacing between the horizontal wells can be the same or different (but the well spacing between the horizontal well serving as the same line-injection well and the central injection well is the same), and as in example 1 of the invention, the spacing between the horizontal wells is 15 m.
According to the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, the complete pyrolysis temperature is the temperature for thermally cracking kerogen of oil shale into shale oil and gas, which can be obtained by testing with a rock pyrolysis instrument, and the initial pyrolysis temperature is generally 300-.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, when the number of deployed wells is 3, the horizontal well positioned in the center of the horizontal well group is a central injection well, and the two horizontal wells positioned at the two ends are production wells, at this time, because no injection well exists, the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing comprises the following steps:
the horizontal well fractures a shale oil reservoir in a multi-section multi-cluster continuous volume fracturing mode, fractures are divided into three sections at equal intervals from a central injection well to a production well, the fractures are sequentially the fractures located in a near-well zone, middle fractures and farthest fractures, different types of propping agents are respectively injected into the three sections of fractures in three stages, and a heat conduction and flow guide channel is established;
injecting hot gas from the ground to a central injection well, and simultaneously electrically heating the central injection well and producing from a production well;
when the reservoir temperature between the central injection well and the production well reaches the full pyrolysis temperature, production is stopped.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (2) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, usually, fracturing construction needs to be sequentially carried out on all horizontal wells, namely, fracturing construction is sequentially carried out on a central injection well, each line wheel injection well, a production well and the like;
however, when the fracturing construction is firstly carried out on the central injection well, if the half-crack length of the crack of the central injection well is found to be 5-10 meters larger than the distance between the central injection well and the production well, the fracturing can be stopped, namely, the fracturing construction is not carried out on each wire wheel injection well, the production well and the like; of course, the fracturing construction can be continued for each of the injection well, the production well, and the like of the reel at this time.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (2) of the method for the in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with the medium-low maturity shale oil and the large well spacing, the fracture obtained by fracturing preferably has a half-fracture length of 50-200 meters and a spacing of 3-5m between every two clusters of fractures.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (2) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, oil-based fracturing fluid can be adopted to fracture each horizontal well.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (2) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, preferably, the three-stage injection of different types of proppants into the three-stage fracture comprises:
and injecting silicon carbide particle proppant into the farthest cracks, injecting high-temperature-resistant ceramsite particle proppant into the middle cracks, and finally injecting copper/aluminum particle proppant into the cracks located in the near-well zone.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (2) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, preferably, the three-stage injection of different types of proppants into the three-stage fracture comprises:
injecting silicon carbide particle proppant with the particle size of 0.4-1.6mm into the farthest crack, injecting high-temperature resistant ceramsite particle proppant with the particle size of 0.4-1.6mm into the middle crack, and finally injecting copper/aluminum particle proppant with the particle size of 0.4-1.6mm into the crack positioned in the near-well zone.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (3) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil long well spacing, preferably, the hot gas comprises N2、CO2Air and hydrocarbon gas.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (3) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil long well spacing, preferably, the injection speed of the hot gas is 200-3Per unit length of the central injection well horizontal section.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (3) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, preferably, the surface injection temperature of the hot gas is more than 300 ℃, and the temperature of the hot gas entering the oil layer is 600-650 ℃.
In the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (3), the temperature of the bottom (horizontal section) of the central injection well is measured by using a temperature and pressure monitoring system (such as a thermocouple and the like) arranged at the bottom (horizontal section) of the central injection well, and then the power of a high-energy resistance heater arranged at the bottom (horizontal section) of the central injection well is controlled according to the measured temperature change, so as to ensure that the temperature of hot gas entering an oil layer through electric heating is within the range of 600-.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (4) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, the temperature of the reservoir between the central injection well and the first-line wheel injection well is judged whether to reach the complete pyrolysis temperature or not by measuring the temperature at the bottom of the first-line wheel injection well.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (4) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil long well spacing, the complete pyrolysis temperature is preferably 450-650 ℃.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (5) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, the temperature of a reservoir between an n-1 line wheel injection well and an n line wheel injection well is judged whether to reach the complete pyrolysis temperature or not by measuring the temperature of the bottom of the n line wheel injection well, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 2.
According to the embodiment of the invention, in the step (5) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing, a simulator which is conventional and commercialized in the field, such as CMG-STARS, can be adopted to judge whether the reservoir temperature between the production well and the last wire-injection well adjacent to the production well reaches the full pyrolysis temperature by tracking the numerical simulation result.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, in the step (5) of the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil long well spacing, the complete pyrolysis temperature is preferably 450-650 ℃.
According toIn the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil gas with medium-low maturity shale oil in large well spacing, according to the specific embodiment of the invention, preferably, the injection speed of the normal temperature gas is 50-100m3Per unit of horizontal segment length of central injection well or each wire wheel injection well.
According to the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil in large well spacing, preferably, the normal temperature gas comprises N2、CO2Air and hydrocarbon gas.
According to the specific embodiment of the invention, preferably, the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil long well spacing further comprises the following steps:
and (4) separating the produced gas obtained in the step (3), reheating the separated gas and injecting the gas back into the shale oil reservoir.
According to the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil in large well spacing, the effective thickness of a single layer of the medium-low maturity shale oil is more than 4 meters, the total organic carbon content (TOC,%) is more than 6%, and the vitrinite reflectance (RO,%) is between 0.5 and 1.0%.
The method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil gas by using medium-low maturity shale oil with large well spacing provided by the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the well is divided by adopting a well pattern mode with a large well spacing horizontal well area, the spacing between the horizontal sections of the adjacent horizontal wells is 15-50 m, and the problem of small well spacing of all shale oil in-situ exploitation at present is solved;
(2) the method is realized by adopting a special fracturing sand adding method for effectively communicating thermal fields under large well spacing, namely, three-level special fracturing sand adding. The method is realized in the following specific mode: dividing the fractures into three sections at equal intervals from an injection well to a production well, wherein the fractures are located in a near well zone, a middle fracture and a farthest end fracture in sequence; injecting silicon carbide particle proppant into the farthest cracks, wherein the silicon carbide particle proppant can absorb the residual heat of hot gas by utilizing the excellent heat absorption capacity of the silicon carbide, so that the heat brought out of the produced gas is reduced; high-temperature resistant ceramsite proppant is injected into the middle cracks, and can play a role in supporting crack flow guide channels, preventing the cracks at high temperature from being closed again and promoting gas flow; and finally, injecting a copper/aluminum particle propping agent into the fractures located in the near-well zone, and utilizing the excellent heat transfer performance of the copper/aluminum particles to quickly transfer the heat of the hot gas to the deep part of the reservoir, so that the near-well zone is prevented from being repeatedly heated, and the high-strength metal propping particles can also obviously inhibit the closing of the high-temperature fractures.
Therefore, the method integrates 'near-wellbore zone efficient heat transfer + high-strength support in the middle of an oil layer + rapid heat absorption near a production well', and can realize efficient heat transfer.
(3) The adoption is along the strategy of injecting the gas injection of taking turns step by step to the outside production well of central injection well, and complete pyrolysis zone normal atmospheric temperature gas heat transfer continues to drive to the production well to stop continuing the gas injection after the temperature drops, effectively trade out the high temperature heat energy in complete pyrolysis zone, improve heat utilization rate, and drive out the pyrolysis shale oil gas that remains in this region, further improve the recovery ratio.
In conclusion, the method provided by the invention can effectively solve the problems of large-well-spacing heat transfer and continuous and effective thermal cracking of the fracturing cracks in shale oil in-situ conversion exploitation, and can realize effective development of a large-well-spacing shale oil reservoir, wherein the thermal cracking rate of shale oil kerogen is over 90% and the recovery rate is over 85% in the development process.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of well pattern deployment in the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with a large well spacing for medium and low maturity shale oil provided in embodiments 1-3 of the present invention.
Fig. 2a is a schematic diagram of a fracture design of fracturing of only a central injection well in the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with a medium-low maturity shale oil large well spacing provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2b is a specific schematic diagram of fracture design of fracturing of only a central injection well in the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with a medium-low maturity shale oil long well spacing provided in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2c is a schematic diagram of a multi-well repeated fracturing fracture design in the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with a large well spacing for medium and low maturity shale oil provided in embodiment 2 or 3 of the present invention.
The main reference numbers illustrate:
1. a first production well;
2. a first and second wire wheel injection well;
3. a first horizontal line wheel injection well;
4. a central injection well;
5. a second line wheel injection well;
6. a second wire wheel injection well;
7. a second production well;
21. a first heating cable;
31. a second heating cable;
41. a third heating cable;
51. a fourth heating cable;
61. a fifth heating cable;
8. fracturing the crack;
81. a distal-most slit;
82. a middle part is cracked;
83. fractures located in the near-wellbore zone.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, objects and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention will be made with reference to the following specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a method for exploiting shale oil and gas through in-situ conversion of medium-low maturity shale oil with a large well spacing, wherein the conditions of a medium-low maturity shale oil reservoir are as follows: the effective thickness of the single layer is 5 meters, the total organic carbon content (TOC,%) is 7 percent, and the vitrinite reflectance (RO,%) is 0.5;
the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing comprises the following steps:
(1) 7 horizontal well groups with parallel horizontal sections are deployed in the medium-low maturity shale oil reservoir according to the well spacing of 15 meters; the horizontal well positioned in the center of the horizontal well group is a central injection well 4, and the two horizontal wells positioned at the two ends of the central horizontal well group are a first production well 1 and a second production well 7 respectively; the wells between the first production well 1 and the second production well 7 and the central injection well 4 are respectively a first two-wheel injection well 2, a second two-wheel injection well 6, a first one-wheel injection well 3 and a second one-wheel injection well 5, and the schematic diagram of well pattern deployment is shown in figure 1;
(2) the central injection well 4 fractures a shale oil reservoir in a multi-section multi-cluster continuous volume fracturing mode, oil-based fracturing fluid is adopted for construction, and the interval between every two clusters of fractures is 3 meters; the half-seam length of the crack is 5 meters greater than the well spacing between the central injection well 4 and the production wells at the two ends;
dividing the fracturing fracture 8 into three sections at equal intervals from a central injection well to a production well, wherein the three sections are a fracture 83 located in a near-well zone, a middle fracture 82 and a farthest-end fracture 81 in sequence, and the fracture design schematic diagrams of the fracturing well are respectively shown in fig. 2 a-2 b; injecting a silicon carbide particle proppant with the particle size of 0.4mm into the farthest crack 81, injecting a high-temperature-resistant ceramsite particle proppant with the particle size of 0.4mm into the middle crack 82, and finally injecting a copper/aluminum particle proppant with the particle size of 0.4mm into the crack 83 located in the near-well zone to establish a heat conduction and flow guide channel;
(3) respectively putting a third heating cable 41, a first heating cable 21, a fifth heating cable 61, a second heating cable 31 and a fourth heating cable 51 and temperature and pressure monitoring systems (such as thermocouples, pressure sensors and the like) matched with the heating cables into horizontal sections of a central injection well 4, a first two-wheel injection well 2, a second two-wheel injection well 6, a first one-wheel injection well 3 and a second one-wheel injection well 5;
the power of the heating cables is 1600W/m, the heat exchange energy efficiency between the heat generated by the heating cables and the gas flowing through the section of the shaft in the shaft is 91%, and the heating cables used in the embodiment have a constant temperature/constant power heating function;
(4) injecting hot gas from the ground to the central injection well 4, starting electric heating on the central injection well 4, and producing from the first production well 1 and the second production well 7;
in this embodiment, the hot gas used is high pressure N2The ground injection temperature of hot gas is 310 ℃, the temperature of the bottom (horizontal section) of the central injection well is measured by a temperature and pressure monitoring system arranged at the bottom (horizontal section) of the central injection well, and the power of a high-energy resistance heater (a third heating cable 41) arranged at the bottom (horizontal section) of the central injection well is controlled according to the measured temperature change so as to ensure that the temperature of the hot gas entering an oil layer through electric heating is 600 ℃;
the injection velocity of the hot gas is 200m3Per unit of central injection well horizontal section length;
(5) separating the produced gas, reheating and reinjecting the separated gas into a shale oil reservoir;
(6) when the reservoir temperature between the central injection well 4 and the first and second linear wheel injection wells 3 and 5 reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature of 450 ℃, the central injection well 4 stops electric heating, and normal temperature gas (N) is injected into the central injection well 42) Normal temperature gas (N)2) Is 50m3Per unit of central injection well horizontal section length; the first wire wheel injection well 3 and the second wire wheel injection well 5 are electrically heated;
(7) when the reservoir temperature between the first uniaxial injection well 3 and the first biaxial injection well 2 and the reservoir temperature between the second uniaxial injection well 5 and the second biaxial injection well 6 reach the complete pyrolysis temperature of 450 ℃, stopping gas injection of the central injection well 4; stopping the electric heating of the first wire wheel injection well 3 and the second wire wheel injection well 5, and injecting normal temperature gas (N) into the first wire wheel injection well 3 and the second wire wheel injection well 52) (ii) a The first two-wheel injection well 2 and the second two-wheel injection well 6 are electrically heated;
and stopping the production when the reservoir temperature between the first two-wheel injection well 2 and the first production well 1 and the reservoir temperature between the second two-wheel injection well 6 and the second production well 7 reach the complete pyrolysis temperature of 450 ℃.
By adopting the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with the medium-low maturity shale oil and the large well spacing provided by the embodiment, high-temperature in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil with the well spacing of a horizontal well being 15 meters is realized, the shale kerogen thermal cracking rate reaches 92%, and the recovery rate reaches 86%.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a method for exploiting shale oil and gas through in-situ conversion of medium-low maturity shale oil with a large well spacing, wherein the conditions of a medium-low maturity shale oil reservoir are as follows: the effective thickness of the single layer is 5 meters, the total organic carbon content (TOC,%) is 8 percent, and the vitrinite reflectance (RO,%) is 0.75;
the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing comprises the following steps:
(1) 7 horizontal well groups with parallel horizontal sections are arranged in the medium-low maturity shale oil reservoir according to the well spacing of 35 m; the horizontal well positioned in the center of the horizontal well group is a central injection well 4, and the two horizontal wells positioned at the two ends of the horizontal well group are a first production well 1 and a second production well 7 respectively; the wells between the first production well 1 and the second production well 7 and the central injection well 4 are respectively a first two-wheel injection well 2, a second two-wheel injection well 6, a first one-wheel injection well 3 and a second one-wheel injection well 5, and the schematic diagram of well pattern deployment is shown in figure 1;
(2) the central injection well 4, the first primary wheel injection well 3, the second primary wheel injection well 5, the first secondary wheel injection well 2, the second secondary wheel injection well 6, the first production well 1 and the second production well 7 are all fractured into a shale oil reservoir in a multi-section multi-cluster continuous volume fracturing mode, oil-based fracturing fluid is adopted for construction, and the interval between every two clusters of fractures is 4 meters; the half-seam length of the crack is 100 meters;
dividing the fracturing fracture 8 into three sections at equal intervals from the injection well to the production well, wherein the three sections are a fracture 83 located in a near-well zone, a middle fracture 82 and a farthest-end fracture 81 in sequence, and the fracture design schematic diagrams of the fracturing well are respectively shown in fig. 2 c; injecting a silicon carbide particle proppant with the particle size of 1.0mm into the farthest crack 81, injecting a high-temperature-resistant ceramsite particle proppant with the particle size of 1.0mm into the middle crack 82, and finally injecting a copper/aluminum particle proppant with the particle size of 1.0mm into the crack 83 located in the near-well zone to establish a heat conduction and flow guide channel;
(3) respectively putting a third heating cable 41, a first heating cable 21, a fifth heating cable 61, a second heating cable 31 and a fourth heating cable 51 and temperature and pressure monitoring systems (such as thermocouples, pressure sensors and the like) matched with the heating cables into horizontal sections of a central injection well 4, a first two-wheel injection well 2, a second two-wheel injection well 6, a first one-wheel injection well 3 and a second one-wheel injection well 5;
the power of the heating cables is 2000W/m, the heat exchange energy efficiency between the heat generated by the heating cables and the gas flowing through the section of the shaft in the shaft is 92%, and the heating cables used in the embodiment have a constant temperature/constant power heating function;
(4) injecting hot gas from the ground to the central injection well 4, starting electric heating on the central injection well 4, and producing from the first production well 1 and the second production well 7;
in this example, the hot gas used was high pressure CO2The ground injection temperature of hot gas is 350 ℃, the temperature of the bottom (horizontal section) of the central injection well is measured by a temperature and pressure monitoring system arranged at the bottom (horizontal section) of the central injection well, and the power of a high-energy resistance heater (a third heating cable 41) arranged at the bottom (horizontal section) of the central injection well is controlled according to the measured temperature change so as to ensure that the temperature of the hot gas entering an oil layer through electric heating is 620 ℃;
the injection velocity of the hot gas is 1000m3Per unit of central injection well horizontal section length;
(5) separating the produced gas, reheating and reinjecting the separated gas into a shale oil reservoir;
(6) when the reservoir temperature between the central injection well 4 and the first and second linear wheel injection wells 3 and 5 reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃, the central injection well 4 stops electric heating, and normal temperature gas (CO) is injected into the central injection well 42) Normal temperature gas (CO)2) Has an implantation velocity of 75m3Per unit of central injection well horizontal section length; the first wire wheel injection well 3 and the second wire wheel injection well 5 are electrically heated;
(7) when the reservoir temperature between the first uniaxial injection well 3 and the first biaxial injection well 2 and the reservoir temperature between the second uniaxial injection well 5 and the second biaxial injection well 6 reach the complete pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃, stopping gas injection of the central injection well 4; stopping the electrical heating of the first wire wheel injection well 3 and the second wire wheel injection well 5, and injecting normal temperature gas (CO) into the first wire wheel injection well 3 and the second wire wheel injection well 52) (ii) a The first two-wheel injection well 2 and the second two-wheel injection well 6 are electrically heated;
and stopping the production when the reservoir temperature between the first two-wheel injection well 2 and the first production well 1 and the reservoir temperature between the second two-wheel injection well 6 and the second production well 7 reach the complete pyrolysis temperature of 500 ℃.
By adopting the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with the medium-low maturity shale oil and the large well spacing provided by the embodiment, high-temperature in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil with the well spacing of a horizontal well of 35 m is realized, the shale kerogen thermal cracking rate reaches 95%, and the recovery rate reaches 87%.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a method for exploiting shale oil and gas through in-situ conversion of medium-low maturity shale oil with a large well spacing, wherein the conditions of a medium-low maturity shale oil reservoir are as follows: the effective thickness of the single layer is 5 meters, the total organic carbon content (TOC,%) is 10%, and the vitrinite reflectance (RO,%) is 1.0;
the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing comprises the following steps:
(1) deploying 7 horizontal well groups with parallel horizontal sections in the medium-low maturity shale oil reservoir according to the well spacing of 50 meters; the horizontal well positioned in the center of the horizontal well group is a central injection well 4, and the two horizontal wells positioned at the two ends of the horizontal well group are a first production well 1 and a second production well 7 respectively; the well between the first production well 1, the second production well 7 and the central injection well 4 is respectively a first two-wheel injection well 2, a second two-wheel injection well 6, a first one-wheel injection well 3 and a second one-wheel injection well 5, and the schematic diagram of well pattern deployment is shown in figure 1;
(2) the central injection well 4, the first primary wheel injection well 3, the second primary wheel injection well 5, the first secondary wheel injection well 2, the second secondary wheel injection well 6, the first production well 1 and the second production well 7 are all fractured into a shale oil reservoir in a multi-section multi-cluster continuous volume fracturing mode, oil-based fracturing fluid is adopted for construction, and the interval between every two clusters of fractures is 5 meters; the half-seam length of the crack is 200 meters;
dividing the fracturing fracture 8 into three sections at equal intervals from the injection well to the production well, wherein the three sections are a fracture 83 located in a near-well zone, a middle fracture 82 and a farthest-end fracture 81 in sequence, and the fracture design schematic diagrams of the fracturing well are respectively shown in fig. 2 c; injecting a silicon carbide particle proppant with the particle size of 1.0mm into the farthest crack 81, injecting a high-temperature-resistant ceramsite particle proppant with the particle size of 1.0mm into the middle crack 82, and finally injecting a copper/aluminum particle proppant with the particle size of 1.0mm into the crack 83 located in the near-well zone to establish a heat conduction and flow guide channel;
(3) respectively putting a third heating cable 41, a first heating cable 21, a fifth heating cable 61, a second heating cable 31 and a fourth heating cable 51 and temperature and pressure monitoring systems (such as thermocouples, pressure sensors and the like) matched with the heating cables into horizontal sections of a central injection well 4, a first two-wheel injection well 2, a second two-wheel injection well 6, a first one-wheel injection well 3 and a second one-wheel injection well 5;
the power of the heating cables is 2500W/m, the heat exchange energy efficiency between the heat generated by the heating cables and the gas flowing through the section of the shaft in the shaft is 95%, and the heating cables used in the embodiment have a constant temperature/constant power heating function;
(4) injecting hot gas from the ground to the central injection well 4, starting electric heating on the central injection well 4, and producing from the first production well 1 and the second production well 7;
in the embodiment, the used hot gas is high-pressure air, the ground injection temperature of the hot gas is 400 ℃, the temperature of the bottom hole (horizontal section) of the central injection well is measured by using a temperature and pressure monitoring system arranged at the bottom hole (horizontal section) of the central injection well, and the power of a high-energy resistance heater (a third heating cable 41) arranged at the bottom hole (horizontal section) of the central injection well is controlled according to the measured temperature change so as to ensure that the temperature of the hot gas entering an oil layer through electric heating is 650 ℃;
hot gasThe injection speed of the body is 2000m3Per unit of central injection well horizontal section length;
(5) separating the produced gas, reheating and reinjecting the separated gas into a shale oil reservoir;
(6) when the reservoir temperature between the central injection well 4 and the first and second linear wheel injection wells 3 and 5 reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature of 550 ℃, the central injection well 4 stops electric heating, and normal temperature gas (air) is injected into the central injection well 4 at the injection speed of 100m3Per unit of central injection well horizontal section length; the first wire wheel injection well 3 and the second wire wheel injection well 5 are electrically heated;
(7) when the reservoir temperature between the first uniaxial injection well 3 and the first biaxial injection well 2 and the reservoir temperature between the second uniaxial injection well 5 and the second biaxial injection well 6 reach the complete pyrolysis temperature of 550 ℃, stopping gas injection of the central injection well 4; stopping electric heating of the first wire wheel injection well 3 and the second wire wheel injection well 5, and injecting normal temperature gas (air) into the first wire wheel injection well 3 and the second wire wheel injection well 5; the first two-wheel injection well 2 and the second two-wheel injection well 6 are electrically heated;
and stopping the production when the reservoir temperature between the first two-wheel injection well 2 and the first production well 1 and the reservoir temperature between the second two-wheel injection well 6 and the second production well 7 reach the complete pyrolysis temperature of 550 ℃.
By adopting the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with the medium-low maturity shale oil and the large well spacing provided by the embodiment, high-temperature in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil with the well spacing of a horizontal well of 50 meters is realized, the shale kerogen thermal cracking rate reaches 98%, and the recovery rate reaches 95%.
The above description is only exemplary of the invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention, so that the invention is intended to cover all modifications and equivalents of the embodiments described herein. In addition, the technical features and the technical inventions of the present invention, the technical features and the technical inventions, and the technical inventions can be freely combined and used.
Claims (23)
1. The method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing is characterized in that the method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing comprises the following steps:
(1) deploying at least 3 horizontal well groups with odd number of wells and parallel horizontal sections in the medium-low maturity shale oil reservoir according to the well spacing of 15-50 m, wherein the horizontal well in the center of the horizontal well group is a central injection well, and the two horizontal wells at the two ends are production wells;
when the number of the deployed wells is more than 3, the wells between the production wells and the central injection well are injection wells;
(2) fracturing a shale oil reservoir by adopting a multi-section multi-cluster continuous volume fracturing mode, dividing fractures into three sections at equal intervals from a central injection well to a production well, sequentially injecting different types of propping agents into the three sections of fractures in three stages respectively, wherein the fractures are located in a near-well zone, a middle fracture and a farthest end fracture, and establishing a heat conduction and flow guide channel;
(3) injecting hot gas from the ground to a central injection well, and simultaneously electrically heating the central injection well and producing from a production well;
(4) when the reservoir temperature between the central injection well and the front-wheel injection well reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature, the central injection well stops electric heating, and normal-temperature gas is injected into the central injection well; starting electric heating for a line wheel injection well;
(5) when the reservoir temperature between the first wheel injection well and the second wheel injection well reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature, the central injection well stops injecting normal-temperature gas; stopping electric heating of the first-line wheel injection well, and injecting normal-temperature gas into the first-line wheel injection well; starting electric heating for the two-wheel injection well; and circulating the steps until the reservoir temperature between the production well and the last wire injection well adjacent to the production well reaches the complete pyrolysis temperature, and stopping production.
2. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that in step (2), the fracturing construction is carried out on the central injection well, and if the half-seam length of the central injection well fracture is found to be 5-10 meters larger than the distance between the central injection well and the production well, the fracturing is stopped.
3. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the half-fracture length of the fracture obtained by fracturing is 50-200 meters, and the interval between every two clusters of fractures is 3-5 m.
4. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing according to claim 2, wherein in the step (2), the half-fracture length of the fracture obtained by fracturing is 50-200 meters, and the interval between every two clusters of fractures is 3-5 m.
5. The method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein in the step (2), the three-stage injection of different types of proppant into the three-stage fracture respectively comprises:
and injecting silicon carbide particle proppant into the farthest cracks, injecting high-temperature-resistant ceramsite particle proppant into the middle cracks, and finally injecting copper/aluminum particle proppant into the cracks located in the near-well zone.
6. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), injecting different types of propping agents into three sections of cracks in three stages respectively comprises:
injecting silicon carbide particle proppant with the particle size of 0.4-1.6mm into the farthest crack, injecting high-temperature resistant ceramsite particle proppant with the particle size of 0.4-1.6mm into the middle crack, and finally injecting copper/aluminum particle proppant with the particle size of 0.4-1.6mm into the crack positioned in the near-well zone.
7. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating power per meter of the high energy resistance heater used for electric heating is > 1500W.
8. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the hot gas comprises N2、CO2Air and hydrocarbon gas.
9. The method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (3), the injection velocity of the hot gas is 200-2000m3Per unit length of the central injection well horizontal section.
10. The method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing as claimed in claim 8, wherein in step (3), the injection velocity of the hot gas is 200-2000m3Per unit length of the central injection well horizontal section.
11. The method for in-situ conversion exploitation of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil large well spacing according to any one of claims 1, 8-10, characterized in that in step (3), the hot gas surface injection temperature is >300 ℃, and the hot gas temperature entering the oil reservoir is 600-650 ℃.
12. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (4), the complete pyrolysis temperature is 450-650 ℃.
13. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (5), the complete pyrolysis temperature is 450-650 ℃.
14. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil and large well spacing according to claim 1, wherein the injection rate of the normal temperature gasThe degree is 50-100m3Per unit of horizontal segment length of central injection well or each wire wheel injection well.
15. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium-low maturity shale oil large well spacing according to claim 1 or 14, wherein the normal temperature gas comprises N2、CO2Air and hydrocarbon gas.
16. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium and low maturity shale oil and large well spacing according to claim 1, wherein the method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium and low maturity shale oil and large well spacing further comprises:
and (4) separating the produced gas obtained in the step (3), reheating the separated gas and injecting the gas back into the shale oil reservoir.
17. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas in large well spacing of medium and low maturity shale oil according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the single layer effective thickness of the medium and low maturity shale oil is greater than 4 meters, the total organic carbon content is > 6%, and the vitrinite reflectance is between 0.5 and 1.0%.
18. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas with medium and low maturity shale oil and large well spacing according to claim 5, wherein the effective thickness of the single layer of the medium and low maturity shale oil is more than 4 meters, the total organic carbon content is more than 6%, and the vitrinite reflectivity is between 0.5 and 1.0%.
19. The method for in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas in large well spacing of medium and low maturity shale oil according to any one of claims 6 to 10, wherein the medium and low maturity shale oil has a monolayer effective thickness of greater than 4 meters, a total organic carbon content of > 6%, and a vitrinite reflectance of between 0.5 and 1.0%.
20. The method for large-hole-spacing in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas according to claim 11, wherein the effective thickness of the single layer of the medium-low maturity shale oil is greater than 4 meters, the total organic carbon content is greater than 6%, and the vitrinite reflectance is between 0.5 and 1.0%.
21. The method for in situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas in large well spacing of medium and low maturity shale oil according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the medium and low maturity shale oil has a monolayer effective thickness of greater than 4 meters, a total organic carbon content of > 6%, and a vitrinite reflectance of between 0.5 and 1.0%.
22. The method for large-hole-spacing in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas according to claim 15, wherein the effective thickness of the single layer of the medium-low maturity shale oil is greater than 4 meters, the total organic carbon content is greater than 6%, and the vitrinite reflectance is between 0.5 and 1.0%.
23. The method for large-hole-spacing in-situ conversion mining of shale oil and gas according to claim 16, wherein the effective thickness of the single layer of the medium-low maturity shale oil is greater than 4 meters, the total organic carbon content is > 6%, and the vitrinite reflectance is between 0.5 and 1.0%.
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| CN111706312B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-05-18 | 中国地质大学（北京） | System and working method for improving coalbed methane production rate by mixing hot air proppant |
| CN112727418B (en) * | 2021-01-20 | 2022-09-02 | 太原理工大学 | Simulation device for extracting oil shale from high-temperature fluid under control of multivariate factors |
| CN114017032B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2022-09-30 | 吉林大学 | Self-heating in-situ conversion development method for medium-low-maturity organic-rich shale |
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