CN109989714A - A drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tool for coring in deep geological exploration, in particular to a drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard strata. The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations provided by the present invention includes a drill bit body, one end of the drill bit body is fixed with a joint, the other end is fixed with a plurality of drill bit carcasses uniformly distributed along the circumference, and two adjacent bit carcasses are fixed. There is a space between them, and the working surface of the drill bit body is fixed with reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth; it also includes a number of diameter guards that are fixed to the side wall of the drill bit body and the side wall of the rotor body, and a number of guards are provided. The diameter is in one-to-one correspondence with several drill bit bodies, the top of the diameter gauge is flush with the working surface of the drill bit body, and there is a gap between two adjacent diameter gauges. The top of the gauge is flush. The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard strata provided by the invention has fast heat dissipation, fast powder discharge, small vibration and anti-stick-slip.

Description

A drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations

technical field

The present invention relates to tools for coring in deep geological exploration, in particular to a drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard strata.

Background technique

In deep exploration, domestic and foreign researchers often use high temperature resistant high-speed turbo drilling tools (2000rpm, linear speed up to 2.5m/s) with impregnated diamond bits for rock breaking, but the actual effect is limited because the WOB is difficult to load effectively. . On this basis, researchers at home and abroad began to adopt the rock breaking method with ultra-high speed (8000rpm, linear speed up to 10m/s), which improved the problem that the low WOB was difficult to penetrate into the formation, and greatly improved the rock breaking efficiency. room with good results.

In the existing diamond-impregnated drill bits, uniform diamond particles are added to the drill bit matrix, and its essence is small-particle diamond as a cutting element, which has a longer life and more footage in conventional hard formations. Therefore, the layout of impregnated insert teeth on the blade can only destroy the rock by grinding, and the cuttings are not drained smoothly under high-speed operation conditions; and the ambient temperature of the deep formation is too high, due to the existence of the geothermal gradient, the deep formation (especially the The abnormal geothermal area) often has a high temperature above 240 °C. The high temperature of the environment and the heat generated by the high-speed rotation of the drill bit to grind the rock are combined. At this temperature, it is difficult for conventional synthetic diamond to maintain the mechanical properties at room temperature, the brittleness increases significantly, and the service life of the drill bit is shortened. ;Due to the long drill pipe in deep hard formation drilling, it is difficult to effectively load the WOB, the rock breaking capacity of the drill bit is insufficient, and stick-slip phenomenon will still occur under the condition of ultra-high rotation speed, reducing the ROP; in addition, due to the application of ultra-high rotation speed technology, The drill bit is prone to the phenomenon of jumping, and the impact resistance of the existing impregnated diamond drill bit is insufficient. These factors seriously restrict the efficient development of deep geological resources by conventional impregnated diamond bits.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, and to provide a kind of drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations with fast heat dissipation, fast powder discharge, small vibration and anti-stick-slip.

In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

The invention provides a drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations, comprising a drill bit body, one end of the drill bit body is fixed with a joint, and the other end is fixed with a plurality of drill bit carcasses uniformly distributed along the circumference. There is a space between the two drill bit bodies, and the working surface of the drill bit body is fixed with reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth; it also includes a number of pieces connected to the side wall of the drill bit body and the rotor body. The diameter gauge is fixedly connected to the side wall, a plurality of the gauge gauges are in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of the drill bit carcasses, the top end of the gauge gauge is flush with the working surface of the drill bit carcass, and two adjacent There is an interval between the gauges, and a branch water channel is also arranged on the gauge, and the top of the branch water channel is flush with the top of the gauge.

Preferably, one reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting tooth is fixed on the working surface of each of the bit carcasses, the number of the drill bit carcasses is eight, and the orientation of the eight reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth is the same And distributed on the circumference of three concentric circles with different radii.

Preferably, the shunt water channel is a through groove provided on the side wall of the gauge.

Preferably, the branch water channel includes a vertical part and a bent part, the top end of the vertical part is flush with the top end of the diameter gauge, and the bottom end of the vertical part is connected with the top end of the bent part The bending portion is inclined downward and faces the other of the gauges.

Preferably, the orientations of the bent portions in several of the branch water channels are all the same.

Preferably, the width of the bending portion is greater than the width of the vertical portion.

Preferably, the joint has an inverted cone shape, and the side wall of the joint is provided with external threads.

Preferably, the sizes of several of the drill bit bodies are equal.

Preferably, the drill bit body includes primary abrasive, auxiliary abrasive and filler material.

Preferably, the main abrasive is TSP material; the auxiliary abrasive includes silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, corundum and boron carbide; and the filler material is a Sialon series ceramic material.

The invention provides a drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations, which has the advantages of fast heat dissipation, fast powder discharge, small vibration and anti-stick-slip. The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard strata provided by the present invention improves the performance of the drill bit to penetrate into the rock by setting the reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth, and can form furrows when the drill bit is drilling, which plays a certain supporting role. At the same time, it ensures the passage of powder and drilling fluid, and solves the problem of slippage when drilling in hard and dense formations; the orderly arrangement of polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth can make the drill bit cut into the rock more smoothly, and play a supporting role to help the circulation of drilling fluid. The cuttings are discharged; the reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth embedded in the working face of each bit body are distributed according to certain horizontal and vertical positions to ensure that the bit has the ability to continuously cut rock and can be smoothly transitioned, reduce the vibration frequency of the bit, and ensure the discharge Powder and drilling fluid pass through to prevent stick-slip. The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard strata provided by the present invention can adapt the drill bit to the stress of deep hard strata by setting the diameter guard, and prevent the drill bit from shrinking in diameter. When the drill bit moves at an ultra-high speed, the friction between the drill bit and the rock will cause a lot of heat problems. The support of the reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth and the design of the shunt channel promote the circulation of the drilling fluid and can quickly remove the heat. Through the combination of the reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth and the main abrasive, the auxiliary abrasive and the filling material in the bit body, the main abrasive and the auxiliary abrasive can be exposed in time, the self-sharpening of the bit is maintained, and the drilling efficiency is improved.

Description of drawings

1 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 1 of a drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of cutting teeth in the first embodiment of the drill bit for ultra-high speed drilling in deep hard formations of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of Embodiment 2 of a drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations according to the present invention;

Among them, 1-bit body, 2-joint, 3-bit body, 4-reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth, 5-gauge, 6-split channel, 61-vertical part, 62-bending part.

Detailed ways

The invention provides a drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations, comprising a drill bit body, one end of the drill bit body is fixed with a joint, and the other end is fixed with a plurality of drill bit carcasses uniformly distributed along the circumference. There is a space between the two drill bit bodies, and the working surface of the drill bit body is fixed with reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth; it also includes a number of pieces connected to the side wall of the drill bit body and the rotor body. The diameter gauge is fixedly connected to the side wall, a plurality of the gauge gauges are in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of the drill bit carcasses, the top end of the gauge gauge is flush with the working surface of the drill bit carcass, and two adjacent There is an interval between the gauges, and a branch water channel is also arranged on the gauge, and the top of the branch water channel is flush with the top of the gauge.

As an embodiment of the present invention, one reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting tooth is fixed on the working surface of each of the drill bit bodies, and the number of the drill bit bodies is eight, and eight of the reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth are The teeth have the same orientation and are distributed on the circumference of three concentric circles with different radii.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the shunt water channel is a through groove provided on the side wall of the gauge.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the branch water channel includes a vertical portion and a bent portion, the top end of the vertical portion is flush with the top end of the gauge, and the bottom end of the vertical portion is aligned with the bent portion. The top ends of the folded parts are communicated, and the folded parts are inclined downward and face the other of the gauges.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the orientations of the bent portions in several of the branch water channels are all the same.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the width of the bent portion is greater than the width of the vertical portion.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the joint is inversely tapered, and an external thread is provided on the side wall of the joint.

As an embodiment of the present invention, the sizes of several of the drill bit carcasses are equal. In the present invention, the drill bit body preferably includes primary abrasive, secondary abrasive and filler material. In the present invention, the main abrasive is preferably TSP material (thermally stable polycrystalline diamond); the particle size of the TSP material is preferably 0.42-0.9 mm, and has any shape of taper angle. The TSP material used in the present invention can be suitable for the working requirements of the ultra-high-speed technology in deep hard rock formations, fully utilize the good heat resistance and high toughness of the TSP material, and can be used for grinding and breaking hard rock formations. The source of the TSP material is not particularly limited in the present invention, and a TSP material that is well known to those skilled in the art can be selected, specifically such as a commercially available TSP material.

In the present invention, the auxiliary abrasive preferably includes silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, corundum and boron carbide; the invention utilizes the auxiliary abrasive to realize the self-sharpening of the drill bit, so that the main abrasive is easily exposed, and the grinding is carried out with TSP. Work. In the present invention, the main material of the auxiliary abrasive is preferably silicon carbide, and the auxiliary material of the auxiliary abrasive preferably includes tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, corundum and boron carbide. The present invention does not specifically limit the addition amount of the auxiliary material, and silicon carbide can be used as the main material of the auxiliary abrasive.

The main abrasive and the auxiliary abrasive of the present invention run through the entire working layer of the drill bit matrix, and the wear resistance and temperature resistance of the drill bit matrix can be improved through the combination of the main abrasive and the auxiliary abrasive, so that the drill bit matrix and the rock can be rubbed against each other. Heat, weaken the rock, reduce the rock performance, improve the penetration ability, and meet the requirements of low WOB.

In the present invention, the filler material is preferably a Sialon series ceramic material, more preferably a solid solution material formed by Si ₂ N ₂ O and Al ₂ O ₃ . The present invention has no special requirements on the ratio of Si ₂ N ₂ O to Al ₂ O ₃ in the Sialon series ceramic materials, and commercially available materials well known to those skilled in the art can be selected. By utilizing the high wear resistance and high toughness of the filling material, the present invention can avoid drill burning, reduce the influence of skip drills on the drill bit, improve the temperature resistance of the drill bit carcass, ensure normal wear of deep high-temperature hard formations, and ensure that abrasives Normal exposure to prevent the main abrasive from falling off in advance and failing.

The drill bit matrix in the present invention is an organic combination of the main abrasive, the auxiliary abrasive and the filler material. The drill bit matrix of the present invention can not only improve the thermal stability and impact resistance of the drill bit, but also assist in improving the penetration of the drill bit. The possible slip problems in deep hard formations meet the needs of ultra-high-speed drilling technology.

In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all materials are commercially available products well known to those skilled in the art.

In order to make the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example 1

As shown in Fig. 1-2, the drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations of this embodiment includes a drill bit body 1, a joint 2 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the drill bit body 1, and eight diameters of different sizes are fixedly distributed evenly along the circumference at the top end of the drill bit body 1. Equal drill bit bodies 3, there is an interval between two adjacent drill bit bodies 3, and a reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting tooth 4 is fixed on the working surface of each drill bit body 3; eight reinforced polycrystalline diamonds The orientations of the diamond cutting teeth 4 are all the same and are distributed on the circumference of three concentric circles with different radii. Referring to Figure 2, the three reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4 on the left are distributed on the circumference of the concentric circles with larger radii. , the middle two reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4 are distributed on the circumference of a concentric circle with a central radius, and the three reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4 on the right are distributed on the circumference of a concentric circle with a smaller radius, of which three The radii of the concentric circles differ by 0.5 mm in turn, and the eight reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4 are arranged in this way to increase the width of the furrow when the drill bit is drilling. By setting the reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4, the performance of the drill bit to penetrate into the rock is improved, so that furrows can be formed on the rock when the drill bit is drilling. The reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4 play a certain supporting role, and can Ensure the passage of powder and drilling fluid, and solve the problem of slippage when drilling in hard and dense formations; the reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4 embedded in the working surface of each bit matrix 3 are distributed in a certain horizontal and vertical position to ensure that the drill bit has Continuous rock cutting ability and smooth transition, reduce the vibration frequency of the drill bit, ensure the passage of powder and drilling fluid, and prevent stick-slip.

The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations in this embodiment also includes eight gauges 5, each of which is fixedly connected to the sidewall of the drill bit body 3 and the sidewall of the rotor body, and the eight gauges 5 In one-to-one correspondence with the eight drill bit bodies 3 , the top end of the gauge 5 is flush with the working surface of the drill bit body 3 , and there is an interval between two adjacent gauge gauges 5 . The diameter gauge 5 can make the drill bit adapt to the stress of deep hard formations and prevent the drill bit from shrinking in diameter.

Each gage 5 is provided with a shunt channel 6, and the top of the shunt channel 6 is flush with the top of the gage 5. In this embodiment, the branch water channel 6 is a through groove provided on the side wall of the gauge 5 . The diversion channel 6 includes a vertical part 61 and a bent part 62. The top end of the vertical part 61 is flush with the top end of the gage 5; the bottom end of the vertical part 61 is communicated with the top end of the bent part 62. Slope down and towards the other gauge 5. In addition, the orientations of the bent parts 62 in the eight branch water channels 6 are all the same, and the width of the bent parts 62 in the same branch water channel 6 is larger than the width of the vertical part 61.

The drill bit body 1 and the joint 2 are used for connection, the joint 2 is in the shape of an inverted cone, and the side wall of the joint 2 is provided with external threads.

When the drill bit moves at an ultra-high speed, the friction between the drill bit and the rock will cause a lot of heat problems. Through the support of the reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4 and the design of the shunt channel 6, the circulation of the drilling fluid is promoted, and the drilling fluid can pass through the shunt. The water channel 6 flows quickly, thereby improving the heat dissipation capability of the drill bit.

Embodiment 2

This embodiment provides a drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations. On the basis of Embodiment 1, the drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations in this embodiment also has the following characteristics: As shown in FIG. 3 , In this embodiment, the number of drill bit bodies 3 is four, and three reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4 are evenly fixed on the working surface of each drill bit body 3; the orientation of the 12 reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4 are the same and distributed on the same circumference. In this embodiment, eight gauges 5 are also included, and the difference is that the sidewalls of each carcass are connected with two gauges 5 arranged at intervals. In this embodiment, by reducing the number of drill bit bodies 3 and increasing the number of reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth 4, compared with the first embodiment, on the basis of sacrificing a small amount of heat dissipation capacity, the penetration performance of the drill bit is greatly improved. EXAMPLES The ultra-high-speed drilling bit for deep hard formation is suitable for drilling formations with higher hardness.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "top", "bottom", "bottom", etc. is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing the present invention and to simplify the description, rather than to indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operate in a particular orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the invention.

The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made. It should be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard strata, characterized in that: comprising a drill bit body, one end of the drill bit body is fixed with a joint, and the other end is fixed with a number of drill bit carcasses that are evenly distributed along the circumference. There is an interval between two adjacent drill bit bodies, and reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth are fixed on the working surface of the drill bit body; it also includes a number of side walls and a rotor that are connected to the drill bit body. The diameter gauge is fixedly connected to the side wall of the body, a plurality of the gauge gauges are in one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of the drill bit carcasses, the top end of the gauge gauge is flush with the working surface of the drill bit carcass, two adjacent ones There is an interval between the gauges, and a diversion water channel is also provided on the gauge, and the top of the diversion water channel is flush with the top of the gauge. 2. The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations according to claim 1, characterized in that: a reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting tooth is fixed on the working surface of each of the drill bit carcasses, and the drill bit There are eight carcasses, and the eight reinforced polycrystalline diamond cutting teeth have the same orientation and are distributed on the circumference of three concentric circles with different radii. 3 . The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations according to claim 1 , wherein the diversion channel is a through groove provided on the side wall of the gauge. 4 . 4 . The ultra-high-speed drilling bit for deep hard formations according to claim 3 , wherein the diverter channel comprises a vertical part and a bent part, and the top end of the vertical part is connected to the diameter-gauge part. 5 . The top end is flush, the bottom end of the vertical part communicates with the top end of the bending part, and the bending part is inclined downward and faces the other one of the gauges. 5 . The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations according to claim 4 , characterized in that: the orientations of the bent portions in the plurality of distributary channels are all the same. 6 . 6 . The drill bit for ultra-high rotational speed drilling in deep hard formations according to claim 5 , wherein the width of the bent portion is greater than the width of the vertical portion. 7 . 7 . The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations according to claim 1 , wherein the joint is in an inverted cone shape, and an external thread is provided on the side wall of the joint. 8 . 8 . The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations according to claim 1 , characterized in that: the sizes of several of the drill bit carcasses are equal. 9 . 9 . The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations according to claim 1 or 8 , wherein the drill bit body includes primary abrasives, auxiliary abrasives and filler materials. 10 . 10. The drill bit for ultra-high-speed drilling in deep hard formations according to claim 9, characterized in that: the main abrasive is TSP material; the auxiliary abrasive includes silicon carbide, tungsten carbide, silicon nitride, corundum and carbide Boron; the filling material is Sialon series ceramic material.