CN109980692B - Multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109980692B CN109980692B CN201910383158.4A CN201910383158A CN109980692B CN 109980692 B CN109980692 B CN 109980692B CN 201910383158 A CN201910383158 A CN 201910383158A CN 109980692 B CN109980692 B CN 109980692B
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 82
- 239000004449 solid propellant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010606 normalization Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- H02J3/383—
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- H02J3/386—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other DC sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E70/00—Other energy conversion or management systems reducing GHG emissions
- Y02E70/30—Systems combining energy storage with energy generation of non-fossil origin
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- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system, which comprises a solid fuel cell, an energy storage device, a wind power generation device and a solar power generation device which are mutually connected in parallel; the solid fuel cell, the energy storage device, the wind power generation device and the solar power generation device supply power to a user side load through a direct current bus; the solid fuel cell is connected with a direct current bus through a DC/DC chopper N1 and a heating DC/DC chopper N2 respectively, the energy storage device is connected with the direct current bus through a DC/DC bidirectional converter N3, the wind power generation device is connected with the direct current bus through an AC/DC rectifier N4, the solar power generation device is connected with the direct current bus through a DC/DC chopper N5, and the direct current bus supplies power to a load at a user side through a DC/AC inverter N6.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a distributed power generation system, in particular to a multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system and a control method of the distributed power generation system.
Background
The energy crisis and environmental pollution are the most important topics in the 21 st century, and solving the human energy problem and the environmental pollution problem for human to survive is the most important social development target in the 21 st century. In the aspect of comprehensive international development, new energy sources such as solar energy and wind energy are limited by meteorological conditions and must be combined with energy storage technology. However, the current energy storage technology is high in cost, and large-scale electricity storage or heat storage is difficult to realize. An effective method is multi-energy complementation, solar energy and biomass energy are effectively combined to form an energy complementation system, and the capacity of the energy storage system can be effectively reduced. However, solar energy is randomly varied, only has a certain complementarity, and needs to be coupled with other energy again in order to achieve stable energy output.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system which can fully utilize electric energy to balance power required by a load and output power, can realize stable electric energy output, realize the stability of power supply to the load and store redundant electric energy in an energy storage device.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system comprises a solid fuel cell, an energy storage device, a wind power generation device and a solar power generation device which are mutually connected in parallel; the solid fuel cell, the energy storage device, the wind power generation device and the solar power generation device supply power to a user side load through a direct current bus; the solid fuel cell is connected with a direct current bus through a DC/DC chopper N1 and a heating DC/DC chopper N2 respectively, the energy storage device is connected with the direct current bus through a DC/DC bidirectional converter N3, the wind power generation device is connected with the direct current bus through an AC/DC rectifier N4, the solar power generation device is connected with the direct current bus through a DC/DC chopper N5, and the direct current bus supplies power to a load at a user side through a DC/AC inverter N6.
The solid fuel cell, the energy storage device, the wind power generation device and the solar power generation device also supply power to the power grid through a direct current bus, and the direct current bus supplies power to the power grid through a grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7.
The system comprises a solar energy power generation device, a power grid, a power supply system, a wind power generation device, a solar energy power generation device, a power storage device, a power supply system and a power supply system, wherein the power supply system further comprises a controller, and an acquisition end of the controller acquires the temperature of the solid fuel cell, the voltage of the power grid, the required power of the user end, the output power of the solid fuel cell, the output power of the wind power generation device, the output power of the solar energy power generation device and the absorption or output power of the energy storage device respectively; the output port of the controller is respectively connected with the control port of the DC/DC chopper N1, the control port of the heating DC/DC chopper N2, the control port of the DC/DC bidirectional converter N3, the control port of the AC/DC rectifier N4, the control port of the DC/DC chopper N5, the control port of the DC/AC inverter N6 and the control port of the DC/AC inverter N7.
The output loop of the solid fuel cell is provided with a power diode D1, and the output loop of the solar power generation device is provided with a power diode D2.
The solid fuel cell comprises a fuel inlet and an oxidant inlet, the solid fuel cell is connected with the hydrocarbon fuel storage tank through the fuel inlet, and an electric control valve K1 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the solid fuel cell and the hydrocarbon fuel storage tank; the solid fuel cell is connected with the oxidant accumulator tank through an oxidant inlet, and an electric control valve K2 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the solid fuel cell and the oxidant accumulator tank; the electric control valve K1 and the electric control valve K2 are respectively connected with the controller through cables.
The ten energy storage devices are connected in parallel and then connected with the direct current bus through the DC/DC bidirectional converter; and the electromagnetic relay on each output loop is connected with the controller through a cable.
The control method of the multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system specifically comprises the following steps:
let the sum of the output power P1 of the solid fuel cell, the output power P2 of the wind power generation device and the output power P3 of the solar power generation device be P Closing device I.e. P Closing device =p1+p2+p3; setting the absorption or output power of the energy storage device as P4; knowing the required power P0 at the user side;
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a controller detects power grid voltage U at all times, and when the controller detects that the power grid voltage U fluctuates severely, a DC/AC inverter N7 is controlled to be disconnected, so that the whole system is in an island operation mode;
a second step, under the precondition of the first step, the controller detects the temperature T of the solid fuel cell again, when the controller detects that the temperature T of the solid fuel cell is smaller than T Gauge for measuring When the system is in operation, the heating DC/DC chopper N2 is controlled to be turned on, so that the system heats the solid fuel cell 1; when the controller detects that the temperature T of the solid fuel cell is greater than T Rule and enlarge When the heating DC/DC chopper N2 is controlled to be disconnected, the system stops heating the solid fuel cell;
third, under the precondition of the second step, the controller finally detects P0 and P Closing device Power difference Pe of (2); when the controller detects that P0 is less than P1+P2+P3, firstly controlling the quantity of the energy storage devices connected in parallel to be maximum, simultaneously controlling the energy storage devices to be in a charging state, detecting the size of P4 at the moment, and if P0+P4 is less than P1+P2+P3, controlling the DC/AC inverter N7 to be connected, so that the system supplies power to a power grid through a direct current bus; if P0+P4>P1+P2+P3, the grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7 is controlled to be disconnected, and calculation is carried out through a fuzzy control algorithmThe number of energy storage devices which are required to be connected in parallel is output; when the controller detects P0>The energy storage device is controlled to be in a discharging state at the same time, the controller detects the size of P4, and if P0>Controlling the grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7 to be connected so as to enable the power grid to supply power for a system direct current bus when P1+P2+P3+P4; if P0 is less than P1+P2+P3+P4, the grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7 is controlled to be disconnected, and the number of energy storage devices required to be connected in parallel is calculated through a fuzzy control algorithm.
The quantity of the energy storage devices which are required to be connected in parallel in the charging or discharging process is calculated through a fuzzy control algorithm, and the quantity of the energy storage devices is specifically as follows:
let the sum of the output power P1 of the solid fuel cell, the output power P2 of the wind power generation device and the output power P3 of the solar power generation device be P Closing device I.e. P Closing device =p1+p2+p3; knowing the power P0 required at the user side, let the power difference pe=p0-P between the two be Closing device ；
(1) Determining input-output variables
Input variables:
x1: the power difference Pe;
x2: absorption or output power P4 of the energy storage device;
output variable:
u: the number Num of energy storage devices connected in parallel;
(2) Design input-output variable domain of theory
The basic domain of each input variable is (-pkw, pkw), the absorption power is negative, the output power is positive, the basic domain of the output quantity is (-10, 10), the charge is negative, the discharge is positive, the basic domain is uniformly converted into the basic domains of [ -10, +10] through the scale transformation of normalization processing, and the variable quantity is divided into 7 language variables E, namely positive large (PB), medium (PM), positive Small (PS), zero (ZO), negative Small (NS), negative Medium (NM) and negative large (NB); the membership function adopts a triangle function; if the final disambiguation results in an output argument value of y, num= |y| and if y >0, controlling the parallel energy storage device to generate power, otherwise, controlling the parallel energy storage device to charge;
(3) Design fuzzy control rule
The principle of designing the fuzzy control rule is that when no power difference exists or the absorption and output power of the energy storage device are zero, the energy storage device is not needed; when the power difference is small, the number of the energy storage devices is reasonably controlled; when the power difference is large, the quantity of the energy storage devices is controlled to be large as much as possible;
the fuzzy control rule is as follows:
(4) Deblurring
The deblurring is performed by a weighted average method. (the fuzzy rule is obtained by fuzzy variables such as NB, ZO, PB and the like, the fuzzy variables are not recognized by a controller, and the analog control signal required by the controller can be obtained by solving the fuzzy by a weighted average method).
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the distributed power generation system adopts various novel energy sources to supply power for the load, and the system can fully utilize the electric energy to balance the power required by the load and the output power, so that not only can stable electric energy output be realized and the stability of power supply to the load be realized, but also redundant electric energy can be stored in the energy storage device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a system architecture of a distributed power generation system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a solid fuel cell in a distributed power generation system according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a membership function graph of fuzzy controller output variables of the distributed power generation system of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will be better understood from the following examples. However, it will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the description of the embodiments is provided for illustration only and should not limit the invention as described in detail in the claims.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system of the present invention comprises a solid fuel cell (SOFC) 1, an energy storage device 6, a wind power generation device 4 and a solar power generation device 5 which are arranged in parallel with each other; the solid fuel cell 1, the energy storage device 6, the wind power generation device 4 and the solar power generation device 5 supply power to a user side load through a direct current bus; the solid fuel cell 1 is connected with a direct current bus through a DC/DC chopper N1 and a heating DC/DC chopper N2 respectively, the energy storage device 6 is connected with the direct current bus through a DC/DC bidirectional converter N3, the wind power generation device 4 is connected with the direct current bus through an AC/DC rectifier N4, the solar power generation device 5 is connected with the direct current bus through a DC/DC chopper N5, and the direct current bus supplies power to a load at a user side through a DC/AC inverter N6; the solid fuel cell 1, the energy storage device 6, the wind power generation device 4 and the solar power generation device 5 can also supply power to the power grid through a direct current bus, and the direct current bus supplies power to the power grid through a grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7; the output circuit of the solid fuel cell 1 is provided with a power diode D1, and the output circuit of the solar power generation device is provided with a power diode D2.
The multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system also comprises a controller 7, wherein the acquisition end of the controller 7 acquires the temperature T of the solid fuel cell 1, the voltage U of the power grid, the required power P0 of the user end, the output power P1 of the solid fuel cell 1, the output power P2 of the wind power generation device 4, the output power P3 of the solar power generation device 5 and the absorption or output power P4 of the energy storage device 6 respectively; the output port of the controller 7 is connected to the control port C1 of the DC/DC chopper N1, the control port C2 of the heating DC/DC chopper N2, the control port C3 of the DC/DC bidirectional converter N3, the control port C4 of the AC/DC rectifier N4, the control port C5 of the DC/DC chopper N5, the control port C6 of the DC/AC inverter N6, and the control port C7 of the DC/AC inverter N7, respectively.
The solid fuel cell 1 consists of a cell anode 1-1, a cell cathode 1-2, an oxidant outlet 1-3, a fuel outlet 1-4, a fuel inlet 1-5, an oxidant inlet 1-6, a heating rod 1-7, a protective heat-insulating layer 1-8 and a cell stack body 1-9; the protective heat-insulating layer 1-8 is wrapped outside the cell stack body 1-9, the heating rod 1-7 is connected with the direct current bus through the heating DC/DC chopper N2, the cell anode 1-1 and the cell cathode 1-2 are connected with the direct current bus, the solid fuel cell 1 is connected with the hydrocarbon fuel accumulator tank 2 through the fuel inlet 1-5, and the electric control valve K1 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the solid fuel cell 1 and the hydrocarbon fuel accumulator tank 2; the solid fuel cell 1 is connected with the oxidant accumulator tank 3 through oxidant inlets 1-6, and an electric control valve K2 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the solid fuel cell 1 and the oxidant accumulator tank 3; the electric control valve K1 and the electric control valve K2 are respectively connected with the controller 7 through cables.
In the system, ten energy storage devices 6 are arranged, and the ten energy storage devices 6 are connected in parallel and then connected with a direct current bus through a DC/DC bidirectional converter N3; the output loop of each energy storage device 6 is provided with an electromagnetic relay, and the electromagnetic relay on each output loop is connected with the controller 7 through a cable.
The controller 7 controls the on-off of the DC/DC chopper N1 through controlling the control port C1 of the DC/DC chopper N1; the on-off control of the heating DC/DC chopper N2 is realized through the control of the control port C2 of the heating DC/DC chopper N2; the control of the energy transmission direction of the energy storage bidirectional DC/DC converter N3 is realized through the control of the control port C3 of the DC/DC bidirectional converter N3, namely the absorption or output power P4 of the parallel energy storage device 6 is indirectly controlled; the control of the on-off of the AC/DC rectifier N4 is realized through the control of the control port C4 of the AC/DC rectifier N4; the control of the on-off of the DC/DC chopper N5 is realized through the control of the control port C5 of the DC/DC chopper N5; the control of the on-off of the DC/AC inverter N6 is realized through the control of the control port C6 of the DC/AC inverter N6; the control of the on-off of the DC/AC inverter N7 is realized through the control of the control port C7 of the DC/AC inverter N7; the control of the on-off of the electric control valve K2 is realized through the control of the control port C8 of the electric control valve K2; the control of the on-off of the electric control valve K1 is realized through the control of the control port C9 of the electric control valve K1; the control of the parallel connection number of the energy storage devices 6 is realized through the control of the control port C10 of the energy storage devices 6, and the maximum parallel connection number of the energy storage devices 6 is 10.
The invention relates to a control method of a multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system, which follows the following rules:
let the sum of the output power P1 of the solid fuel cell, the output power P2 of the wind power generation device and the output power P3 of the solar power generation device be P Closing device I.e. P Closing device =p1+p2+p3; setting the absorption or output power of the energy storage device as P4; knowing the required power P0 at the user side;
rule one
The controller detects the power grid voltage U from time to time, and when the controller detects the severe fluctuation of the power grid voltage U, the controller controls the DC/AC inverter N7 to be disconnected, so that the whole system is in an island operation mode;
rule two
On the premise of rule one, the controller detects the temperature T of the solid fuel cell again, when the controller detects that the temperature T of the solid fuel cell is smaller than T Gauge for measuring When the heating DC/DC chopper N2 is controlled to be switched on (heating is started after the heating rods 1-7 in the solid fuel cell are electrified), so that the system heats the solid fuel cell 1; when the controller detects that the temperature T of the solid fuel cell is greater than T Rule and enlarge When the heating DC/DC chopper N2 is controlled to be disconnected (heating rod 1-7 in the solid fuel cell stops heating after power is off), so that the system stops heating the solid fuel cell;
rule III
On the premise of rule two, the controller finally detects P0 and P Closing device Power difference Pe of (2); when the controller detects that P0 is less than P1+P2+P3, firstly controlling the quantity of the energy storage devices connected in parallel to be maximum, simultaneously controlling the energy storage devices to be in a charging state, detecting the size of P4 at the moment, and if P0+P4 is less than P1+P2+P3, controlling the DC/AC inverter N7 to be connected, so that the system supplies power to a power grid through a direct current bus; if P0+P4>Controlling the grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7 to be disconnected by P1+P2+P3, and calculating the number of energy storage devices required to be connected in parallel through a fuzzy control algorithm; when the controller detects P0>The energy storage device is controlled to be in a discharging state at the same time, the controller detects the size of P4, and if P0>P1+P2+P3+P4, the grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7 is controlled to be switched on, so thatThe power grid supplies power to a system direct current bus; if P0 is less than P1+P2+P3+P4, the grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7 is controlled to be disconnected, and the number of energy storage devices required to be connected in parallel is calculated through a fuzzy control algorithm.
The fuzzy algorithm for determining the number of energy storage devices 6 to be connected in parallel optimally is as follows:
let the sum of the output power P1 of the solid fuel cell, the output power P2 of the wind power generation device and the output power P3 of the solar power generation device be P Closing device I.e. P Closing device =p1+p2+p3; knowing the power P0 required at the user side, let the power difference pe=p0-P between the two be Closing device ；
(1) Determining input-output variables
Input variables:
x1: the power difference Pe;
x2: absorption or output power P4 of the energy storage device;
output variable:
u: the number Num of energy storage devices connected in parallel;
(2) Design input-output variable domain of theory
The basic domain of each input variable is (-pkw, pkw), the absorption power is negative, and the output power is positive; the basic domain design of the output quantity is (-10, 10), the charge is negative, and the discharge is positive; the scale transformation through normalization processing is uniformly converted into basic domains [ -10, +10], and the variation is divided into 7 linguistic variables E, namely positive large (PB), positive Small (PS), zero (ZO), negative Small (NS), negative Medium (NM) and negative large (NB); as shown in fig. 3, the membership function adopts a triangle function; if the final disambiguation results in an output argument value of y, num= |y|, if y >0, controlling the energy storage device 6 to generate power, otherwise, controlling the energy storage device 6 to charge;
(3) Design fuzzy control rule
The principle of designing the fuzzy control rule is that when no power difference exists or the absorption and output power of the energy storage device are zero, the energy storage device is not needed; when the power difference is small, the number of the energy storage devices is reasonably controlled; when the power difference is large, the quantity of the energy storage devices is controlled to be large as much as possible;
the fuzzy control rule is as follows:
(4) Deblurring
The deblurring is performed by a weighted average method. For example, the finally solved argument y= -2.4 controls the parallel energy storage device 6 to charge, and the number num= |[ -2.4] |=2.
Claims (2)
1. A control method of a multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the system comprises a solid fuel cell, an energy storage device, a wind power generation device and a solar power generation device which are mutually connected in parallel; the solid fuel cell, the energy storage device, the wind power generation device and the solar power generation device supply power to a user side load through a direct current bus; the solid fuel cell is connected with a direct current bus through a DC/DC chopper N1 and a heating DC/DC chopper N2 respectively, the energy storage device is connected with the direct current bus through a DC/DC bidirectional converter N3, the wind power generation device is connected with the direct current bus through an AC/DC rectifier N4, the solar power generation device is connected with the direct current bus through a DC/DC chopper N5, and the direct current bus supplies power to a load at a user side through a DC/AC inverter N6; the solid fuel cell, the energy storage device, the wind power generation device and the solar power generation device also supply power to the power grid through a direct current bus, and the direct current bus supplies power to the power grid through a grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7; also comprises a controller, wherein the controller is used for controlling the controller, the acquisition end of the controller acquires the temperature of the solid fuel cell, the voltage of the power grid, the required power of the user end, the output power of the solid fuel cell, the output power of the wind power generation device, the output power of the solar power generation device and the absorption or output power of the energy storage device respectively; the output port of the controller is respectively connected with the control port of the DC/DC chopper N1, the control port of the heating DC/DC chopper N2, the control port of the DC/DC bidirectional converter N3, the control port of the AC/DC rectifier N4, the control port of the DC/DC chopper N5, the control port of the DC/AC inverter N6 and the control port of the DC/AC inverter N7;
the solid fuel cell comprises a fuel inlet and an oxidant inlet, the solid fuel cell is connected with the hydrocarbon fuel storage tank through the fuel inlet, and an electric control valve K1 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the solid fuel cell and the hydrocarbon fuel storage tank; the solid fuel cell is connected with the oxidant accumulator tank through an oxidant inlet, and an electric control valve K2 is arranged on a connecting pipeline of the solid fuel cell and the oxidant accumulator tank; the electric control valve K1 and the electric control valve K2 are respectively connected with the controller through cables; the solid fuel cell also comprises a cell anode, a cell cathode, a cell stack body, a heating rod and a protective heat-insulating layer wrapping the cell stack body; the heating rod is connected with a direct current bus through a heating DC/DC chopper N2, and the anode and the cathode of the battery are connected with the direct current bus; ten energy storage devices are connected in parallel and then connected with a direct current bus through a DC/DC bidirectional converter; the electromagnetic relays are arranged on the output loops of each energy storage device, and the electromagnetic relays on each output loop are connected with the controller through cables;
the control method specifically comprises the following steps:
let the sum of the output power P1 of the solid fuel cell, the output power P2 of the wind power generation device and the output power P3 of the solar power generation device be P Closing device I.e. P Closing device =p1+p2+p3; setting the absorption or output power of the energy storage device as P4; knowing the required power P0 at the user side;
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a controller detects power grid voltage U at all times, and when the controller detects that the power grid voltage U fluctuates severely, a DC/AC inverter N7 is controlled to be disconnected, so that the whole system is in an island operation mode;
a second step, under the precondition of the first step, the controller detects the temperature T of the solid fuel cell again, when the controller detects that the temperature T of the solid fuel cell is smaller than T Gauge for measuring When the system is in operation, the heating DC/DC chopper N2 is controlled to be turned on, so that the system heats the solid fuel cell 1; when the controller detects that the temperature T of the solid fuel cell is greater than T Rule and enlarge At the time, the heating DC/DC chopper N2 is controlled to be turned off to make the systemStopping heating the solid fuel cell;
third, under the precondition of the second step, the controller finally detects P0 and P Closing device Power difference Pe of (2); when the controller detects P0<Controlling the parallel connection quantity of the energy storage devices to be maximum at first, controlling the energy storage devices to be in a charging state, detecting the size of P4 at the moment, and if P0+P4<P1+P2+P3, controlling the DC/AC inverter N7 to be connected, so that the system supplies power to the power grid through a direct current bus; if P0+P4>Controlling the grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7 to be disconnected by P1+P2+P3, and calculating the number of energy storage devices required to be connected in parallel through a fuzzy control algorithm; when the controller detects P0>The energy storage device is controlled to be in a discharging state at the same time, the controller detects the size of P4, and if P0>Controlling the grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7 to be connected so as to enable the power grid to supply power for a system direct current bus when P1+P2+P3+P4; if P0<Controlling the grid-connected DC/AC inverter N7 to be disconnected by P1+P2+P3+P4, and calculating the number of energy storage devices required to be connected in parallel through a fuzzy control algorithm;
the quantity of the energy storage devices which are required to be connected in parallel in the charging or discharging process is calculated through a fuzzy control algorithm, and the quantity of the energy storage devices is specifically as follows:
let the sum of the output power P1 of the solid fuel cell, the output power P2 of the wind power generation device and the output power P3 of the solar power generation device be P Closing device I.e. P Closing device =p1+p2+p3; knowing the power P0 required at the user side, let the power difference pe=p0-P between the two be Closing device ；
(1) Determining input-output variables
Input variables:
x1: the power difference Pe;
x2: absorption or output power P4 of the energy storage device;
output variable:
u: the number Num of energy storage devices connected in parallel;
(2) Design input-output variable domain of theory
The basic domain of each input variable is (-pkw, pkw), the absorption power is negative, the output power is positive, the basic domain of the output quantity is (-10, 10), the charge is negative, the discharge is positive, the basic domains are uniformly converted into basic domains [ -10, +10] through the scale transformation of normalization processing, and the variable quantity is divided into 7 language variables E, namely positive large PB, medium PM, positive small PS, zero ZO, negative small NS, negative medium NM and negative large NB; the membership function adopts a triangle function; if the final disambiguation results in an output argument value of y, num= |y| and if y >0, controlling the parallel energy storage device to generate power, otherwise, controlling the parallel energy storage device to charge;
(3) Design fuzzy control rule
The principle of designing the fuzzy control rule is that when no power difference exists or the absorption and output power of the energy storage device are zero, the energy storage device is not needed; when the power difference is small, the number of the energy storage devices is reasonably controlled; when the power difference is large, the quantity of the energy storage devices is controlled to be large as much as possible;
the fuzzy control rule is as follows:
(4) Deblurring
The deblurring is performed by a weighted average method.
2. The control method of a multi-energy complementary distributed power generation system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the output circuit of the solid fuel cell is provided with a power diode D1, and the output circuit of the solar power generation device is provided with a power diode D2.
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