CN109979609B - A fusion reactor divertor component with tritium blocking function - Google Patents
A fusion reactor divertor component with tritium blocking function Download PDFInfo
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- CN109979609B CN109979609B CN201910192029.7A CN201910192029A CN109979609B CN 109979609 B CN109979609 B CN 109979609B CN 201910192029 A CN201910192029 A CN 201910192029A CN 109979609 B CN109979609 B CN 109979609B
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- tritium
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- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N Tritium Chemical compound [3H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 229910052722 tritium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 title abstract 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001513 hot isostatic pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005219 brazing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012958 reprocessing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] Chemical compound [Zr].[Cr].[Cu] QZLJNVMRJXHARQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 tritium ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
- G21B1/13—First wall; Blanket; Divertor
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Particle Accelerators (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有阻氚功能的聚变堆偏滤器部件，包括有多个钨瓦块、适配层、冷却流道管，各钨瓦块并排放置且中部均开有同轴、同直径的通孔，相邻钨瓦块之间设有阻氚部件，通孔内壁上固定有适配层，所述冷却流道管穿入各钨瓦块的适配层中，冷却剂从所述冷却流道管中通过。本发明制造过程不需要大幅改变原有制造工艺，可有效控制成本。通过本发明提出的阻氚结构的实施，偏滤器运行时可以在承受~10MW/m2稳态热流以及~1024m‑2s‑1稳态粒子流的同时兼具防氚渗透功能，减少放射性同位素氚进入冷却剂，缓解聚变堆氚水后处理的负荷，增加安全性；同时加速聚变堆氚循环过程，有望减小氚工厂规模，提升聚变堆的经济性。
The invention discloses a fusion reactor divertor component with tritium blocking function, which comprises a plurality of tungsten pads, an adaptation layer and a cooling channel pipe. The through holes of each tungsten block are provided with tritium blocking components, the inner wall of the through hole is fixed with a matching layer, the cooling channel pipe penetrates into the matching layer of each tungsten block, and the coolant flows from the Pass through the cooling runner pipe. The manufacturing process of the present invention does not need to significantly change the original manufacturing process, and can effectively control the cost. Through the implementation of the tritium blocking structure proposed in the present invention, the divertor can withstand ~10MW/m 2 steady-state heat flow and ~10 24 m -2 s -1 steady-state particle flow while simultaneously preventing tritium penetration during operation, reducing the The radioactive isotope tritium enters the coolant, which relieves the load of the tritium water reprocessing of the fusion reactor and increases the safety; at the same time, it accelerates the tritium cycle process of the fusion reactor, which is expected to reduce the scale of the tritium factory and improve the economy of the fusion reactor.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of magnetic confinement nuclear fusion, in particular to a fusion reactor divertor component with a tritium resistance function.
Background
The modern magnetic confinement fusion reactor generally adopts a divertor configuration, and the divertor configuration can effectively shield impurities from the wall of the reactor, reduce pollution to central plasma, and discharge particle flow and heat flow from the central plasma and helium ash generated in the nuclear fusion reaction process. The plasma-facing component (PFC) of the divertor is made of a high temperature-resistant plasma-facing material (e.g., tungsten) and a structural material having a relatively high thermal conductivity (e.g., a copper alloy or steel). In the design of the existing international thermonuclear fusion experimental reactor ITER and partial fusion reactor divertor components, in order to relieve the action of thermal stress and electromagnetic force on the divertor components, large-area integral tungsten blocks are not adopted as materials facing to plasma, a through-tube (monoblock) structure is adopted, namely tungsten tiles are welded on a heat sink tube in a penetrating mode, gaps are reserved among the tiles, and structural materials at the bottoms of the gaps are exposed out of an external vacuum chamber.
Tritium, one of the fusion fuels, is extremely expensive and radioactive. Tritium is confined in the core by a magnetic field mainly in the form of plasma, but part of tritium particles (including ion and atomic states) can still bombard the surface of the divertor by diffusion across magnetic lines of force and charge exchange processes; at the divertor strike point, the tritium ions and atoms interact more strongly directly with the plasma-facing component. Although the gaps and the magnetic lines have a certain included angle, charged particles are prevented from entering along the magnetic lines, high-flux neutral tritium atoms in the boundary plasma are not restricted by the magnetic field, and can directly bombard structural materials at the bottom of the PFC through the gaps and enter a cooling loop in a super-permeation mode. Because the diffusivity and the permeability of the hydrogen isotope in the structural material are higher than those of tungsten serving as a material facing plasma, and the wall thickness of the pipeline is smaller, the speed and the flux of tritium permeating into the PFC from the shortcut are far higher than those of the tritium bombarding the surface of the tungsten, and the economy and the safety of the fusion reactor are further influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a fusion reactor divertor component with a tritium resistance function.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a fusion reactor divertor component with a tritium resistance function comprises a plurality of tungsten tiles, an adaptive layer and a cooling runner pipe, wherein the tungsten tiles are arranged side by side, and the middle parts of the tungsten tiles are provided with coaxial through holes with the same diameter. Be equipped with between the adjacent tungsten tile and hinder tritium part, be fixed with the adaptation layer on the through-hole inner wall, during the cooling runner pipe penetrated the adaptation layer of each tungsten tile, the coolant was followed pass through in the cooling runner pipe. The tungsten tile is a flat tungsten tile, and the surface of the flat tungsten tile is smooth and clean. The material of the adaptation layer is oxygen-free copper, and the oxygen-free copper is attached to the hole wall of the tungsten tile by casting or hot isostatic pressing. The material of the cooling runner pipe is copper alloy or low activation steel, and the cooling runner pipe is combined with the adaptive layer through a hot isostatic pressing or brazing process.
Tritium-resistant rings or boss type tungsten tiles are filled in gaps between adjacent tungsten tiles to serve as tritium-resistant components, so that the cooling runner pipe is prevented from being directly exposed to the in-pile environment, and the tritium-resistant function is achieved. If the tritium-resistant component is a tritium-resistant ring, the size of the tritium-resistant ring can completely cover the cooling runner pipe at the gap between the adjacent tungsten tiles, the tritium-resistant ring has the positioning function of controlling the size precision of the gap of the tungsten tiles in the hot isostatic pressing or brazing connection process of the whole component, and the tritium-resistant ring is made of tungsten and molybdenum materials with low hydrogen isotope permeability. If the tritium-resistant component is a boss type tungsten tile, the same side of each boss type tungsten tile is provided with an annular boss, and the size of each annular boss can completely cover the cooling runner pipe at the gap between the adjacent tungsten tiles.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the divertor component does not need to change the original manufacturing process greatly in the manufacturing process, and can effectively control the manufacturing cost; through the implementation of the tritium-resistant structure provided by the invention, the divertor can bear 10MW/m during operation2Steady state heat flow and 1024m- 2s-1The stable particle flow has the tritium permeation resistance function, the radioactive hydrogen isotope tritium entering into a coolant is reduced, the load of the fusion reactor tritium water post-treatment is relieved, and the safety is improved; meanwhile, the tritium cycle process of the fusion reactor is accelerated, the scale of a tritium plant is expected to be reduced, and the economy of the fusion reactor is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a component of a divertor with a tritium-resistant ring according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a component of the divertor with a tritium trap ring shown in FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a divertor component without a resistance tritium ring provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
In the drawings, the reference numerals denote: 1-tungsten tile, 2-adaptation layer, 3-cooling runner pipe, 4-coolant, 5-tritium-resistant ring.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The first embodiment is as follows:
fig. 1 shows the main structure of the present embodiment: the tungsten tile 1, the adaptation layer 2, the cooling runner pipe 3, the tritium-resistant ring 5 and the coolant 4 pass through the cooling runner pipe 3.
The cross section structure is shown in figure 2, in this case, the oxygen-free copper adapting layer 2 is fixed in an inner hole of an open-pore flat tungsten tile 1 with the length of 28 mm, the width of 28 mm and the thickness of 12 mm in a casting mode, and the diameter of a hole in the tungsten tile 1 is 17 mm; a chromium-zirconium copper pipe with the inner diameter of 12 mm and the outer diameter of 15 mm is used as a cooling runner pipe 3, and the cooling runner pipe 3 penetrates into the adaptation layer 2 with the inner diameter of 15 mm and the outer diameter of 17 mm; tritium-resistant rings 5 with the inner diameter of 15 mm, the outer diameter of 19 mm and the width of 0.5 mm are filled in gaps between all adjacent tungsten tiles, and the tritium-resistant rings 5 are made of pure tungsten. And finally completing hot isostatic pressing of the whole part.
The second embodiment:
as shown in FIG. 3, no tritium-resistant ring is needed in this case, and the same side of each boss-type tungsten tile is provided with an annular boss which has tritium-resistant function. The oxygen-free copper adaptation layer 2 is fixed in an open-pore boss type tungsten tile block 1 with the length of 18mm, the width of 16mm and the thickness of 4mm in a casting mode, the outer diameter of a boss is 11mm, and the height of the boss is 0.2 mm; the diameter of a hole in the tungsten tile 1 is 9 mm; the low activation steel pipe with the inner diameter of 6mm and the outer diameter of 7mm is used as a cooling runner pipe 3, the runner pipe 3 penetrates into the oxygen-free copper adaptation layer 2 with the inner diameter of 7mm and the outer diameter of 9mm, and finally hot isostatic pressing of the whole component is completed.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A fusion reactor divertor component having a tritium resistance, comprising: the tungsten tile cooling structure comprises a plurality of tungsten tiles, an adaptive layer and a cooling runner pipe, wherein the tungsten tiles are arranged side by side, the middle parts of the tungsten tiles are provided with coaxial through holes with the same diameter, the adaptive layer is fixed on the inner wall of each through hole, the cooling runner pipe penetrates into the adaptive layer of each tungsten tile, and a coolant passes through the cooling runner pipe; the method is characterized in that: tritium-resistant rings are filled in gaps between the adjacent tungsten tiles to serve as tritium-resistant components, and the tungsten tiles are boss-type tungsten tiles; the same side of each lug boss type tungsten tile block is provided with an annular lug boss which is used as a tritium resistance component.
2. A fusion reactor divertor component having a tritium resistance function according to claim 1, wherein: the tungsten tile is a flat tungsten tile, and the surface of the flat tungsten tile is smooth and clean.
3. A fusion reactor divertor component having a tritium resistance function according to claim 1, wherein: the tritium-resistant ring is made of a material with low hydrogen isotope permeability.
4. A fusion reactor divertor component having a tritium resistance function according to claim 3, wherein: the tritium-resistant ring is made of tungsten, molybdenum or ceramic materials.
5. A fusion reactor divertor component having a tritium resistance function according to claim 1, wherein: the material of the adaptation layer is oxygen-free copper, and the oxygen-free copper is attached to the hole wall of the tungsten tile by casting or hot isostatic pressing.
6. A fusion reactor divertor component having a tritium resistance function according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling runner pipe is made of copper alloy or low-activation steel, and is combined with the adaptation layer through a hot isostatic pressing or brazing process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910192029.7A CN109979609B (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | A fusion reactor divertor component with tritium blocking function |
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| CN201910192029.7A CN109979609B (en) | 2019-03-14 | 2019-03-14 | A fusion reactor divertor component with tritium blocking function |
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| CN109979609A CN109979609A (en) | 2019-07-05 |
| CN109979609B true CN109979609B (en) | 2021-04-23 |
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Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112927822A (en) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-08 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | First wall with tritium resistance function for fusion reactor and preparation method |
| CN111145919A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-05-12 | 中国科学院大学 | Divertor |
| CN110931138A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-03-27 | 中国科学院大学 | Divertor |
| CN111063457A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-04-24 | 中国科学院大学 | Divertor |
| CN113012825B (en) * | 2019-12-20 | 2022-07-26 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | Method for determining potential discharge waveform of snowflake divertor |
| CN111477352B (en) * | 2020-04-22 | 2023-03-10 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | U-shaped device for adjacent cooling channel of first wall of divertor of fusion device and assembly method thereof |
| CN112651154B (en) * | 2020-12-11 | 2022-09-16 | 成都大学 | A Finite Element Simulation Method for Propagation of Multiple Cracks on the Surface of Al2O3/316L Stainless Steel Tritium Inhibitor System with Rough Base |
| CN114203313A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-18 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A fusion reactor divertor through-tube assembly for effectively alleviating heat concentration |
| CN114420314A (en) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-04-29 | 核工业西南物理研究院 | First wall structure for high-dose neutron irradiation and megawatt-scale heat loads in fusion reactors |
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| JPH0814633B2 (en) * | 1989-05-24 | 1996-02-14 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Nuclear fusion reactor |
| JP3124140B2 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 2001-01-15 | 株式会社東芝 | In-core equipment for fusion reactors |
| JPH07140275A (en) * | 1993-11-19 | 1995-06-02 | Toshiba Corp | Nuclear fusion devce repairing method and devce therefor |
| CN105551530B (en) * | 2015-12-11 | 2018-06-05 | 中国科学院等离子体物理研究所 | A kind of fusion reactor tungsten Divertor structure based on high-temperature molten salt cooling |
| CN108039209B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-08-25 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Divertor monolithic building blocks with gradient adaptation layers for fusion reactors |
| CN108615563B (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2020-05-22 | 西安交通大学 | Divertor water-cooling module of fusion device and divertor cooling target plate structure applied by divertor water-cooling module |
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