CN109963907A - 一种使用pla树脂的可降解地板及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种使用pla树脂的可降解地板及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板及其生产工艺，其原料为聚乳酸树脂混合物，通过造粒、挤出、图案打印、淋膜、分切、开槽或切边步骤成型。该使用PLA树脂的可降解地板易于降解、废弃后方便处理。
Description
技术领域：
本发明涉及地板领域，具体讲是一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板及其生产工艺。
背景技术：
使用聚氯乙烯(PVC)等石油类树脂的地板材广泛地应用于住宅、豪宅、公寓、办公室或店铺等建筑物中。但随着环保意识的提升，废旧塑胶地板的处理成为一个难题，统一回收返回塑胶地板加工企业重新利用成本太高，而就地处理又无相应技术和设备，故如何解决废旧塑胶地板成为一个亟待解决的问题。
发明内容：
本发明所要解决的技术问题是，提供一种易于降解、方便处理的使用PLA树脂的可降解地板。
本发明的技术解决方案是，提供一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，其原料为聚乳酸树脂混合物。随着环保意识的增强，聚乳酸(PLA)作为丙交酯或乳酸的热塑性聚酯，由于具有良好的降解性能，已用于医疗用、医药品、食品、化妆品用及工业用(聚乙烯(PE)及聚丙烯(PP)替代用)等多种领域。由于聚乳酸通过聚合使从玉米、土豆等中提取的淀粉发酵而制备的乳酸来制备，通过填埋处理后，其在3个月就能降解为水和二氧化碳，非常环保。
作为优选，聚乳酸树脂混合物除聚乳酸树脂外，还包括增塑剂、熔融强度加强剂、润滑剂、耐水解剂以及扩链剂中的至少一种。
作为优选，填料为碳酸钙、木粉、二氧化钛及松木树脂中的至少一种。
作为优选，相对于100重量份的聚乳酸树脂，包含3～60重量份的非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂及0.05～12重量份的作为熔融强度加强剂的丙烯酸类共聚物。
作为优选，相对于100重量份的聚乳酸树脂，还包含作为润滑剂的0.02～5重量份的高级脂肪酸、0.01～6重量份的扩链剂、8重量份以下的耐水解剂、600重量份以下的碳酸钙、150重量份以下的木粉、50重量份以下的二氧化钛及25重量份以下的松脂中的一种以上。
作为优选，其厚度为2～10mm。
作为优选，聚乳酸树脂为非晶质聚乳酸树脂。聚乳酸树脂可区分为晶质聚乳酸(c-聚乳酸)树脂与非晶质聚乳酸(a-聚乳酸)树脂。在晶质聚乳酸树脂的情况下，可产生增塑剂向薄片的表面流出的渗出现象，因此优选地，利用非晶质聚乳酸树脂。在利用非晶质聚乳酸树脂的情况下，具有无需添加为了防止渗出现象而必须添加的相容剂的优点。在利用非晶质聚乳酸树脂的情况下，最优选地，聚乳酸树脂利用100％非晶质聚乳酸树脂。
本发明还提供一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板的生产工艺，包括以下步骤，
步骤一，造粒，将聚乳酸树脂混合物混合均匀后造粒；
步骤二，挤出，通过挤出机挤出成型，板材厚度为2～10mm，挤出温度为110-230℃；
步骤三，图案打印，通过3D技术在板材上表面打印图案；
步骤四，淋膜，利用UV涂层固化处理；
步骤五，分切，按预定尺寸进行裁切；
步骤六，开槽或切边。
采用以上方案后与现有技术相比，本发明具有以下优点：通过聚乳酸酯替代现有技术的PVC材料制备地板，利用聚乳酸酯易降解的特性，使得制备的地板可以降解，废弃后方便处理，通过填埋方式即可自行生物降解，降解周期一般在3个月作用，非常环保。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
具体实施方式：
下面就具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明：
一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，其原料为聚乳酸树脂混合物。其中，聚乳酸树脂混合物除聚乳酸树脂外，还包括增塑剂、熔融强度加强剂、润滑剂、耐水解剂以及扩链剂中的至少一种。聚乳酸树脂可区分为晶质聚乳酸(c-聚乳酸)树脂与非晶质聚乳酸(a-聚乳酸)树脂。在晶质聚乳酸树脂的情况下，可产生增塑剂向薄片的表面流出的渗出现象，因此优选地，利用非晶质聚乳酸树脂。本发明中，虽然优选非晶质聚乳酸树脂，但聚乳酸树脂的种类不受特殊限制。还包括碳酸钙、木粉、二氧化钛及松木树脂中的至少一种。当这其中，碳酸钙作为填料，二氧化钛作为着色剂，木粉和松脂分别作为天然纹理和香味来源。
增塑剂可对组合物或从组合物制备的成形体赋予优秀的柔韧性、耐冲击性及熔融效率。能够在本发明使用的增塑剂的种类只要是能够执行上述作用的，就不受特殊限制，但优选地，使用具有环保特性的增塑剂。这时，作为上述环保增塑剂，使用非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂，而这使聚乳酸树脂软化，使得热塑性增大，由此使地板在高温下容易地进行成型加工。作为上述非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂，可使用柠檬酸三丙酯(TPC)、乙酰柠檬酸三丙酯(ATPC)、柠檬酸三己酯(THC)等。
为了防止在熔融挤压等过程中积累沉淀物或交联物，聚乳酸树脂组合物包含了润滑剂，这种润滑剂具有很多种类，但只要是执行上述作用的，就不受特殊限制，例如，可使用硬脂酸、硬脂酸金属盐(例如，钙盐、镁盐或铅盐)和矿物油之类的硅化物。
丙烯酸类共聚物使用为熔融强度加强剂。就聚乳酸树脂而言，其本身熔融强度或耐热性比较弱，丙烯酸类共聚物弥补聚乳酸树脂的这种缺点，由此不仅可以补充熔融强度，也可以实现压制加工。
进一步地，上述润滑剂在熔融挤出过程中防止沉积物或交联副产物的累积。在多种润滑剂中，本发明的实施方案应用高级脂肪酸，其是环境友好型的润滑剂。
为了防止聚乳酸树脂混合物通过聚乳酸树脂的水解在机械性能(例如抗冲击性)的恶化，聚乳酸树脂混合物可进一步包括耐水解剂。耐水解剂的例子可包括碳化二亚胺和恶唑啉。然而，应当理解，可使用任意典型的耐水解剂而没有限制。
上述扩链剂起到增加基于扩延链子的分子量，来提高拉伸强度、耐热性等的作用，这种扩链剂可以利用二异氰酸酯、环氧群共聚物及羟基羧酸化合物等。
具体的，相对于100重量份的聚乳酸树脂，包含3～60重量份的非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂及0.05～12重量份的作为熔融强度加强剂的丙烯酸类共聚物，还包含作为润滑剂的0.02～5重量份的高级脂肪酸、0.01～6重量份的扩链剂、8重量份以下的耐水解剂、600重量份以下的碳酸钙、150重量份以下的木粉、50重量份以下的二氧化钛及25重量份以下的松脂中的一种以上。
实施例1
一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，按质量份数计，包括以下组分，聚乳酸树脂100份，非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂18份，丙烯酸类共聚物3份，高级脂肪酸1份，扩链剂2份，耐水解剂2份，碳酸钙360份，木粉15份，二氧化钛30份。
实施例2
一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，按质量份数计，包括以组分，聚乳酸树脂100份，柠檬酸三丙酯4份，丙烯酸甲酯1份，硬脂酸2份，羟基羧酸化合物0.5份，碳化二亚胺1份，碳酸钙500份，二氧化钛10份，松脂3份。另外还可以根据需要添加交联剂和着色剂。
以下，根据上述实施例的组分组成，按以下步骤进行制备，形成可降解地板。
一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，包括以下步骤，
步骤一，造粒，将聚乳酸树脂混合物投入混合机混合均匀后造粒；
步骤二，挤出，通过挤出机挤出成型，板材厚度为9m，挤出温度为150℃；
步骤三，图案打印，通过3D打印技术在板材上表面打印图案，图案根据需要设定；
步骤四，淋膜，利用UV涂层固化处理，实现耐污、耐刮、耐磨性能；
步骤五，分切，按预定尺寸进行裁切；
步骤六，开槽或切边，根据实际需要进行开槽或切边处理。
上述工艺制备的可降解地板在废弃后，通过填埋地下，在2-5个月即可实现完全降解，非常环保。
以上仅就本发明较佳的实施例作了说明，但不能理解为是对权利要求的限制。凡是利用本发明说明书所做的等效结构或等效流程变换，均包括在本发明的专利保护范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，其特征在于：其原料为聚乳酸树脂混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，其特征在于：聚乳酸树脂混合物除聚乳酸树脂外，还包括增塑剂、熔融强度加强剂、润滑剂、耐水解剂以及扩链剂中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，其特征在于：还包括碳酸钙、木粉、二氧化钛及松脂中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，其特征在于：相对于100重量份的聚乳酸树脂，包含3～60重量份的非邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂及0.05～12重量份的作为熔融强度加强剂的丙烯酸类共聚物。
5.根据权利要求4所述的使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，其特征在于：相对于100重量份的聚乳酸树脂，还包含作为润滑剂的0.02～5重量份的高级脂肪酸、0.01～6重量份的扩链剂、8重量份以下的耐水解剂、600重量份以下的碳酸钙、150重量份以下的木粉、50重量份以下的二氧化钛及25重量份以下的松脂中的一种以上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，其特征在于：其厚度为2～10mm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的使用PLA树脂的可降解地板，其特征在于：聚乳酸树脂为非晶质聚乳酸树脂。
8.一种使用PLA树脂的可降解地板的生产工艺，其特征在于，包括以下步骤，
步骤一，造粒，将聚乳酸树脂混合物混合均匀后造粒；
步骤二，挤出，通过挤出机挤出成型，板材厚度为2～10mm，挤出温度为110-230℃；
步骤三，图案打印，通过3D打印技术在板材上表面打印图案；
步骤四，淋膜，利用UV涂层固化处理；
步骤五，分切，按预定尺寸进行裁切；
步骤六，开槽或切边。
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