CN109946188A - Device and method for detecting thermal shock performance of sheet material by metal melt flow - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of detection flaky materials by the device and method of metal melt flow thermal shock resistance properties, and described device includes: sample frame, is used to place sample to be tested；Metal melt flow dumping system is located above the sample frame, metal melt flow is poured onto the sample to be tested on the sample frame；And infrared temperature sensor, it is set to below sample frame towards sample frame, for detecting the real time temperature at sample to be tested back side when sample to be tested is impacted by metal melt flow.Detection flaky material of the invention can once be completed the detection that ISO9185-2007 needs repeatedly complete by the device and method of metal melt flow thermal shock resistance properties, greatly improve detection efficiency.

Description

Device and method for detecting thermal shock performance of sheet material by metal melt flow

technical field

The invention relates to a device for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a metal melt flow, and belongs to the field of material performance testing instruments.

Background technique

The metal and non-metal smelting and casting industry is a highly dangerous industry, and the most frequent source of danger is the sudden splash of molten metal in the smelting furnace due to unstable factors.

Therefore, in this industry, how to wear protective clothing and how to choose suitable protective clothing is an important part of safety production management, and the most direct evaluation method for choosing suitable protective clothing is to detect the resistance of protective materials used in protective clothing Thermal shock performance by metal melt flow.

The most commonly used test method and standard for the thermal shock resistance of molten metal is the IOS9185-2007 version.

The test principle of the IOS9185-2007 version is to use a piece of embossed PVC film with a certain thickness on the back of the sheet material to be tested, and use a specified amount of metal melt at the height and impact angle specified by the standard. Under the condition, rotate the crucible containing the metal melt at the specified angular speed, pour the melt in the crucible to the sheet material to be tested, remove the sample within a certain time after the melt is poured, and observe whether the PVC film attached to the back is not. There is a denaturation between viscous flow transition or melting transition - whether the original embossing pattern becomes smooth, and based on this, it is judged whether to increase or decrease the casting amount of the metal melt. Minimum amount of metal.

This 12-year-old device version had its own advantages at the time: simplicity and low cost, but today its advantages have been greatly weakened by the high development of components, and the inherent defects have been highlighted:

1. The test cycle is long, and repeated casting is required to obtain the damage threshold of the material to be tested against thermal shock of metal melt;

2. It is impossible to know and record the thermal conduction experience in the thermal shock of the material to be tested;

3. The final judgment has a certain degree of subjectivity, and the judgment is made in the interval of about 160 degrees to about 180 degrees. The error of the PVC film itself is also a big source of error;

4. The crucible is dumped at a constant speed, the flow rate of the molten metal flow during the dumping process is not determined, and it is impossible to know the flow rate of the molten metal flow during the dumping process;

5. The damage assessment after the metal melt flow splash test is also subjective.

Therefore, how to provide a device and method for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow is a technical problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.

The information included in this Background of the Invention section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person of ordinary skill in the art .

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a device and method for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a device for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow. The device includes: a sample frame, which is used to place the sample to be tested; Above the sample frame, to pour the molten metal flow onto the sample to be tested on the sample frame; and an infrared temperature sensor, which is arranged below the sample frame towards the sample frame, and is used to detect when the sample to be tested is impacted by the molten metal flow. Measure the real-time temperature of the back of the sample.

Preferably, the device further comprises: an infrared imaging sensor, which is disposed near the infrared temperature sensor; and an industrial camera, which is coaxially opposite to the infrared imaging sensor and disposed above the sample frame, and whose optical axis is perpendicular to the sample frame And it intersects with the optical axis of the infrared temperature sensor on the surface of the sample to be tested.

Preferably, the device further comprises: a test area and a sample installation and burnout measurement area, the test area is located below the molten metal pouring system, the sample installation and burnout measurement area is located near the test area, the The sample frame can be translated between the test area and the sample installation and burnout determination area; and a laser displacement distance sensor mounted above the sample installation and burnout determination area, and the laser optical axis of the laser displacement distance sensor is the same as the The sample frame is vertical, which is used to measure the vertical distance between the entire surface of the sample to be tested and the laser displacement distance sensor.

Preferably, the molten metal pouring system includes: a crucible for containing molten metal; a programmable variable speed rotary drive connected to the crucible through a drive shaft, the axis of rotation of the drive shaft being connected to the crucible's rotational axis The pouring edge is tangent; the motor is connected with the programmable variable-speed rotary driver to drive the programmable variable-speed rotary driver; the infrared temperature measuring probe is arranged above the crucible and is used to detect the molten metal flow in the crucible The real-time temperature of the crucible; and a laser ranging sensor, which is arranged above the crucible for measuring the vertical distance between the pouring edge of the crucible and the surface of the sample to be measured.

Preferably, the device further includes a data processing system capable of performing analog-to-digital conversion processing on the real-time temperature of the backside of the sample to be tested detected by the infrared temperature sensor when the sample to be tested is impacted by the molten metal flow.

In addition, the present invention also provides a method for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow, the method comprising: 1) loading the sample to be tested into a sample frame; 2) rotating the crucible at a predetermined speed to pour the molten metal flow 3) The real-time temperature of the back of the sample to be measured when the sample to be measured measured by the infrared temperature sensor is impacted by the molten metal flow; When the temperature reaches the set value, the pouring of the molten metal flow is stopped.

Preferably, the step of loading the sample to be tested into the sample frame includes: loading the sample to be tested into the sample frame in the sample installation and burn-out measurement area, and scanning the surface of the sample to be tested row by row or column by column with a laser displacement distance sensor to obtain The vertical distance from the laser displacement distance sensor, and then translate the sample to be tested to the test area; after stopping the pouring of the molten metal flow, translate the sample to be tested back to the sample installation and burning damage measurement area to wait for the second laser displacement The distance sensor scans the surface of the sample to be measured row by row or column by column to obtain the vertical distance between the surface of the sample to be measured and the laser displacement distance sensor.

Preferably, after the sample to be tested is translated back to the sample installation and burnout measurement area, the surface of the sample to be tested is scanned row by row or column by column with the laser displacement distance sensor again to obtain the distance between the sample surface to be measured and the laser displacement distance sensor. Vertical distance, the difference between the front and rear distances at the same point is recorded as the deformation index of the material to be tested after thermal shock, and the amount of burning loss of the material to be tested after thermal shock.

Preferably, the predetermined speed is a variable angular speed obeying a predetermined function.

Preferably, when performing step 3), use an infrared imaging sensor to collect infrared image data, use an industrial camera to collect image data, use an infrared temperature measuring probe to detect the real-time temperature of the molten metal in the crucible, and use a laser ranging sensor to measure the crucible The vertical distance between the pouring edge and the surface of the sample to be tested.

The present invention has the following advantages:

1. The melt temperature can be continuously output and recorded in real time, because the temperature measurement point is located at the starting point of the drop of the high temperature metal melt flow;

2. It can continuously output and record the temperature behind the impact point of the high temperature melt flow in real time;

3. The heat conduction process can be known according to the difference between the melt temperature and the temperature at the back of the high temperature melt flow impact point;

4. The pouring flow rate of the high-temperature melt flow can be adjusted according to the needs. The pouring flow rate can be a constant flow rate or a variable speed, which provides great convenience for a more in-depth exploration of the material properties. One-time completion of ISO9185-2007 testing that requires multiple times to complete, greatly improves the testing efficiency;

5. It is possible to know the real-time temperature gradient distribution along the plane of the sheet material under the impact of high temperature melt flow, which has great academic value for studying the heat conduction characteristics of the material;

6. The evaluation of the burning loss caused by the high temperature melt flow is completely based on the data description, which can also indicate the number of burning loss points, the total burning loss, the burning loss area, the maximum burning loss depth, and the sheet material related to the thermal shock of the high temperature melting flow. The amount of deformation, the metal state retained on the surface of the sheet material, and the deformation index and burning loss of the material to be tested after thermal shock.

The methods and apparatuses of the present invention have other features and advantages that will be apparent from, or will be apparent from, the drawings and subsequent embodiments incorporated herein The drawings are set forth in detail in the scheme, and the drawings and embodiments together serve to explain certain principles of the invention.

Description of drawings

In order that the present invention may be better understood, various forms of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

1 is a perspective view of a device for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow according to the present invention;

2 is a side view of the device for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow according to the present invention;

3 is a schematic diagram of a sample frame of the device for detecting the thermal shock performance of sheet material by metal melt flow according to the present invention;

4 is a perspective view of a high-temperature melt dumping system of the device for detecting the thermal shock performance of sheet material by metal melt flow according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a side view of a high temperature melt pouring system of the apparatus for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow according to the present invention.

It should be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a simplified representation of various features to illustrate the basic principles of the invention. The specific design features encompassed by the present invention (including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes) will be determined in part by the specific intended application and use environment.

In the figures, the same reference numbers refer to the same or equivalent parts of the present invention.

Detailed ways

Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the apparatus for detecting the thermal shock performance of sheet material by metal melt flow according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention may include: a sample frame 1 , a high temperature melt pouring system 2 and an infrared temperature sensor 3 , the sample frame 1 It is used to place the sample to be tested; the high-temperature melt pouring system 2 is located above the sample frame 1 to pour the metal melt into the sample frame 1; the infrared temperature sensor 3 is arranged under the sample frame 1 toward the sample frame 1, and the It is used to detect the real-time temperature of the backside of the sample to be tested impacted by the high temperature melt.

Specifically, the device for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by metal melt flow according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may have: a sample platform to be tested, a high temperature melt pouring system 2 and an infrared temperature sensor 3 .

The sample platform to be tested has a sample frame 1 and a sample frame sliding groove. The sample frame 1 can translate in the sample frame sliding groove, and the sample frame sliding groove can rotate.

The sliding groove of the sample frame can be driven and rotated by the shaft, and the shaft itself can also move in the axial direction. The sample installed in the sample frame 1 is pushed by the shaft to translate in the sliding groove of the sample frame, and the translation is carried out in two areas: The test area and the sample installation and burning loss measurement area, wherein the position of the solid line sample frame in Figure 1 is the test area, and the position of the dashed sample frame is the sample installation and burning loss measurement area. The test area can be used for metal melt flow thermal shock sheet material testing; the sample installation and burnout measurement area can be used to load the sample to be tested into the sample frame, and to measure the burnout result of the tested sample.

The high temperature melt pouring system 2 for pouring the metal melt is arranged above the sample frame 1 of the sample platform to be tested.

The infrared temperature sensor 3 is arranged below the sample frame 1 at a certain vertical distance from the plane where the sliding groove of the sample frame is located.

In the operation of the apparatus for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by metal melt flow according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the sample to be tested may be a sheet material, which is placed in the sample frame 1; the high temperature melt pouring system 2 pours the The metal melt is deposited on the upper surface of the sheet material in the sample frame 1; the infrared temperature sensor 3 disposed under the sample frame 1 detects the real-time temperature of the backside (ie, lower surface) of the sample to be tested impacted by the high temperature melt.

When the pouring of the metal melt is completed, the shrinkage rate of the sample, the burning volume of the melt impact position, the number of burning points, the total burning amount, the burning area, and the maximum burning loss can be measured manually or through an industrial camera and a laser displacement distance sensor. Depth, the amount of deformation of the sheet material, the remaining metal state of the sheet material surface, and other data related to the measurement of sample burnout.

In particular, the device for detecting the thermal shock performance of the sheet material by the metal melt flow according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further include an infrared imaging sensor 4 and an industrial camera 5, the infrared imaging sensor 4 being arranged near the infrared temperature sensor; The industrial camera 5 is coaxially opposed to the infrared imaging sensor 4 and is disposed above the sample frame 1, and its optical axis is perpendicular to the sample frame 1 and intersects with the optical axis of the infrared temperature sensor 3 on the surface of the sample to be measured. Although the present invention uses an industrial camera, other cameras that can satisfy the photographic function are also possible.

In particular, the apparatus for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet-like material by a molten metal flow according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further include a laser displacement distance sensor 6, which is installed above the sample mounting and burnout measurement area, and the laser displacement distance sensor 6 The optical axis of the laser is perpendicular to the sample frame 1 , and is used to measure the vertical distance between the entire surface of the sample to be tested and the laser displacement distance sensor 6 .

Specifically, an image processing system can be formed by an infrared imaging sensor 4, an industrial camera 5, and a laser displacement distance sensor 6. The optical axis of the industrial camera 5 is perpendicular to the plane where the sliding groove of the sample frame is located and is coaxially opposite to the infrared imaging sensor 4. The laser displacement distance sensor 6 is installed in the burning loss measurement area of the sample platform to be tested. Its laser optical axis is perpendicular to the plane where the sliding groove of the sample frame is located and can move parallel to the sliding groove of the sample frame. The infrared temperature sensor 3 is installed near the infrared imaging sensor 4. , the optical axis of which intersects the optical axis of the industrial camera 5 on the surface of the sample to be measured.

In operation, the infrared imaging sensor 4 can collect infrared image data on the back of the sample to be tested, and the industrial camera 5 can collect image data on the back of the sample to be tested.

The laser displacement distance sensor 6 translates parallel to the sample frame 1, scans the entire surface of the sample to be measured, and measures the vertical distance between the sample to be measured and the laser displacement distance sensor 6, and the laser displacement distance sensor 6 is paralleled along its trajectory. After the movement of the sample frame 1 completes one cycle and the column or row data is measured with a certain array density, the sample frame 1 is pushed by the axis by a column or row distance of the array density, and after repeated sampling, the unevenness of the entire surface of the sample to be tested is obtained. geometric data.

Before and after pouring the metal melt, the laser displacement distance sensor 6 can be used to sample the concave and convex geometry data of the entire surface of the sample to be tested, so that the desired results can be obtained by comparing the changes of the surface of the sample to be tested.

Referring to FIG. 3 , the high-temperature melt pouring system 2 of the device for detecting the thermal shock performance of sheet materials by metal melt flow according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes: a crucible 21 , a programmable variable-speed rotary drive 22 , a motor 23 , and infrared temperature measurement The probe 24 and the laser ranging sensor 25, the crucible 21 is used to contain the metal melt; the programmable variable speed rotary driver 22 is connected to the crucible 21 through a drive shaft, and the rotational axis of the drive shaft is tangent to the pouring edge of the crucible 21; The motor is connected with the programmable variable-speed rotary driver 22 to drive the programmable variable-speed rotary driver 22; the infrared temperature measuring probe 24 is arranged above the crucible 21 to detect the real-time temperature of the melt in the crucible 21; the laser The distance measuring sensor 25 is arranged above the crucible 21 and is used to measure the vertical distance between the pouring edge of the crucible 21 and the surface of the sample to be measured.

In particular, the motor 23 is a servo motor.

Specifically, the high-temperature melt pouring system 2 consists of a crucible 21, a crucible support, a crucible support drive shaft whose axis is tangent to the pouring edge of the crucible 21, a programmable variable-speed rotary drive 22, a servo motor 23, an infrared temperature measuring probe 24, a laser measuring The distance sensor 25 is constituted.

The high temperature melt in the crucible 21 is driven by the programmable variable speed rotary drive 22 and the servo motor 23 and is poured at the set pouring speed on the sample mounted in the sample frame which has been pushed by the shaft into the test area.

The laser ranging sensor 25 can measure the vertical distance from the pouring edge of the crucible to the sample surface.

In addition, the apparatus for detecting the thermal shock performance of the sheet material by the metal melt flow according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention may further include a data processing system 7, which can make the sample to be tested detected by the infrared temperature sensor impact the backside of the high temperature melt. The real-time temperature is processed by analog-to-digital conversion.

Specifically, the data processing system 7 is a multi-channel data collector, which measures the real-time temperature of the backside of the sample to be measured measured by the infrared temperature sensor 3 that is impacted by the high-temperature melt, and the inside of the crucible 21 measured by the infrared temperature measuring probe 24. The real-time temperature of the melt and the vertical distance from the pouring edge of the crucible 21 to the sample surface measured by the laser ranging sensor 25 are collected, and the data obtained above are processed by analog-to-digital conversion and output.

In addition, the calculated flow rate of the high temperature melt can be obtained indirectly through the rotational speed of the drive shaft and the volume change rate function of the crucible.

In addition, an angle indicating scale can be used to measure the angle between the sample frame and the vertical direction, that is, the angle between the sample frame and the melt flow.

The following describes in detail a method for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a metal melt using the apparatus for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a metal melt flow according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.

The method for detecting the thermal shock performance of the sheet material by the metal melt may include: loading the sample to be tested into a sample frame; rotating the crucible at a predetermined speed to pour the metal melt; When the real-time temperature of the backside impacted by the high-temperature melt measured by the infrared temperature sensor reaches the set value, the pouring of the high-temperature melt is stopped.

In particular, the step of loading the sample to be tested into the sample frame includes: loading the sample to be tested into the sample frame in the sample installation and burnout measurement area, and scanning the surface of the sample to be tested row by row or column by column with a laser displacement distance sensor to obtain The vertical distance from the laser displacement distance sensor, and then translate the sample to be tested to the test area; after stopping the pouring of the molten metal flow, translate the sample to be tested back to the sample installation and burning damage measurement area to wait for the second laser displacement The distance sensor scans the surface of the sample to be measured row by row or column by column to obtain the vertical distance between the surface of the sample to be measured and the laser displacement distance sensor.

In particular, after the sample to be tested is translated back to the sample installation and burnout measurement area, the surface of the sample to be tested is scanned row by row or column by column with the laser displacement distance sensor again to obtain the distance between the surface of the sample to be measured and the laser displacement distance sensor. Vertical distance, the difference between the front and rear distances at the same point is recorded as the deformation index of the material to be tested after thermal shock, and the amount of burning loss of the material to be tested after thermal shock.

In particular, the predetermined speed is a variable angular speed obeying a predetermined function.

In particular, when collecting the real-time temperature of the sample to be tested that is impacted by the high-temperature melt measured by the infrared temperature sensor, the infrared imaging sensor is used to collect the infrared image data, the industrial camera is used to collect the image data, and the infrared temperature measuring probe is used to detect the crucible. The real-time temperature of the inner melt, and the vertical distance between the pouring edge of the crucible and the surface of the sample to be measured is determined with a laser distance sensor.

Specifically, the method for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a metal melt may include the following steps:

A. After the sample to be tested is clamped into the sample frame 1, it is placed in the sliding groove of the sample frame in the burning loss measurement area, and the test procedure is started;

B. The laser displacement distance sensor 6 translates parallel to the sample frame, scans the entire surface of the sample to be measured, and measures the vertical distance between the sample to be measured and the laser displacement distance sensor 6, and waits for the laser displacement distance sensor 6 to move along its trajectory. After the movement parallel to the sample frame 1 completes a cycle and the column or row data is measured with a certain array density, the sample frame 1 is pushed by the axis by a column or row distance of the array density, and after repeated sampling, the entire surface of the sample to be tested is obtained. Bump geometry data;

C. The shaft pushes the sample frame 1 into the test area;

D. Put the crucible 21 containing the high temperature melt on the crucible support and lock it;

E. After the data output by the infrared temperature measuring probe 24 reaches the set value, the programmable variable-speed rotary driver 22 and the servo motor 23 drive the crucible support drive shaft to rotate with a predetermined rotational speed function, which can be a constant angular velocity or a certain angular velocity. The variable angular velocity of a function, such as the function that can make the high temperature melt pour at a constant flow rate;

F. At the same time as the pouring starts, start the multi-channel data collector to collect the real-time temperature of the melt in the crucible 21 measured by the infrared temperature measuring probe 24, and the real-time temperature of the sample to be measured measured by the infrared temperature sensor 3 that is impacted by the high-temperature melt. , the vertical distance from the pouring edge of the crucible 21 to the surface of the sample, the infrared image data of the infrared imaging sensor 4, the image data collected by the industrial camera 5, the indirect acquisition of the high temperature melt by the rotational speed of the drive shaft and the volume change rate function of the crucible Calculate the flow rate, and use the angle indicator to measure the angle between the sample frame and the vertical direction;

G. If the real-time temperature of the sample to be measured by the infrared temperature sensor 3 that is impacted by the high-temperature melt on the back reaches the set value, the pouring of the high-temperature melt is stopped, and the crucible 21 is restored to its original position;

H. Each sensor continues to collect data, pause for a set period of time, stop the sensor data collection started in this step, and push the sample frame 1 to the burning loss measurement area 1 by the shaft drive, and manually purge and brush to remove the loose carbonization on the surface of the sample. matter and dust;

1. start the laser displacement distance sensor 6 and repeat step B;

J. Compare the data obtained in step B and step 1 to obtain the shrinkage rate of the sample, the burn-out volume of the melt impact position, and perform image processing according to the image data collected by the industrial camera 5 to obtain the carbonized burn-out area, according to the infrared imaging sensor 4. The temperature gradient on the back of sample 4 was obtained, and the amount of melt required to reach the temperature threshold was obtained from the difference between the amount of metal remaining in the crucible and the initial amount of metal put into the crucible before the test.

The present invention has the following advantages:

1. The melt temperature can be continuously output and recorded in real time, because the temperature measurement point is located at the starting point of the drop of the high temperature metal melt flow;

2. It can continuously output and record the temperature behind the impact point of the high temperature melt flow in real time;

3. The heat conduction process can be known according to the difference between the melt temperature and the temperature at the back of the high temperature melt flow impact point;

4. The pouring flow rate of the high-temperature melt flow can be adjusted according to the needs. The pouring flow rate can be a constant flow rate or a variable speed, which provides great convenience for a more in-depth exploration of the material properties. One-time completion of ISO9185-2007 testing that requires multiple times to complete, greatly improves the testing efficiency;

5. It is possible to know the real-time temperature gradient distribution along the plane of the sheet material under the impact of high temperature melt flow, which has great academic value for studying the heat conduction characteristics of the material;

6. The evaluation of the burning loss caused by the high temperature melt flow is completely based on the data description, which can also indicate the number of burning loss points, the total burning loss, the burning loss area, the maximum burning loss depth, and the sheet material related to the thermal shock of the high temperature melting flow. The amount of deformation, the metal state retained on the surface of the sheet material, and the deformation index and burning loss of the material to be tested after thermal shock.

In addition, what the laser displacement distance sensor 6 obtains is the depth change of the front and rear surfaces of the experiment (the difference between the front and the back), and the accuracy and resolution of the commercially available laser displacement distance sensor can reach the micrometer level, which has sufficient accuracy.

The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing description is not intended to be exhaustive, nor to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described in order to explain certain principles of the invention and its practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to make and utilize various exemplary embodiments of the invention, as well as various alternatives and modifications thereof . The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (10)

1. A device for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow, wherein the device comprises: a sample frame, which is used to place the sample to be tested; a molten metal pouring system positioned above the sample frame to pour the molten metal flow onto the sample to be tested on the sample frame; and The infrared temperature sensor is disposed below the sample frame toward the sample frame, and is used to detect the real-time temperature of the back of the sample to be tested when the sample to be tested is impacted by the metal melt flow. 2. The device for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises: an infrared imaging sensor disposed near the infrared temperature sensor; and The industrial camera is coaxially opposite to the infrared imaging sensor and is disposed above the sample frame, and its optical axis is perpendicular to the sample frame and intersects with the optical axis of the infrared temperature sensor on the surface of the sample to be measured. 3. The device for detecting the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow according to claim 1, wherein the device further comprises: Test area and sample mounting and burn-out determination area, the test area is located below the metal melt flow pouring system, the sample installation and burn-out determination area is located near the test area, the sample frame can be installed in the test area as well as the sample and the burn loss measurement area; and The laser displacement distance sensor is installed above the sample installation and burnout measurement area, and the laser optical axis of the laser displacement distance sensor is perpendicular to the sample frame, and is used to measure the distance between the entire surface of the sample to be tested and the laser displacement distance sensor. vertical distance between. 4. The device for detecting the thermal shock performance of sheet material by molten metal flow according to claim 1, wherein the molten metal flow dumping system comprises: a crucible, which is used to contain the molten metal stream; a programmable variable speed rotary drive connected to the crucible by a drive shaft, the axis of rotation of the drive shaft being tangential to the pouring edge of the crucible; a motor connected to the programmable variable speed rotary drive to drive the programmable variable speed rotary drive; an infrared temperature measuring probe, which is arranged above the crucible and is used to detect the real-time temperature of the molten metal in the crucible; and A laser ranging sensor, which is arranged above the crucible, is used to measure the vertical distance between the pouring edge of the crucible and the surface of the sample to be measured. 5 . The device for detecting the thermal shock performance of sheet materials by metal melt flow according to claim 1 , wherein the device further comprises a data processing system capable of subjecting the sample to be tested detected by the infrared temperature sensor to metal. 6 . The real-time temperature of the back of the sample to be tested is processed by analog-to-digital conversion during the impact of the melt flow. 6. A method for using the device according to claim 1 to detect the thermal shock performance of a sheet material by a molten metal flow, wherein the method comprises the following steps: 1) Load the sample to be tested into the sample frame; 2) Rotate the crucible to pour the molten metal flow at a predetermined speed; 3) Collect the real-time temperature of the back of the sample to be tested when the sample to be tested measured by the infrared temperature sensor is impacted by the molten metal flow; and 4) When the real-time temperature of the sample to be tested by the infrared temperature sensor impacted by the metal melt flow reaches the set value, the pouring of the metal melt flow is stopped. 7. The method of claim 6, wherein The steps of loading the sample to be tested into the sample frame include: loading the sample to be tested into the sample frame in the sample installation and burn-out measurement area, and scanning the surface of the sample to be tested row by row or column by column with a laser displacement distance sensor to obtain a correlation with the laser displacement. The vertical distance between the sensors, and then translate the sample to be tested to the test area; After stopping the pouring of the molten metal flow, move the sample to be tested back to the sample installation and burnout measurement area and wait for the second laser displacement distance sensor to scan the surface of the sample to be tested row by row or column by column to obtain the surface of the sample to be tested and the laser The vertical distance between the displacement distance sensors. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that, after the sample to be tested is translated back to the sample installation and burn-out measurement area, the surface of the sample to be tested is scanned row by row or column by column with a laser displacement distance sensor again to obtain The vertical distance between the surface of the sample to be tested and the laser displacement distance sensor, the difference between the front and rear distances at the same point is recorded as the deformation index of the material to be tested after thermal shock, and the amount of burning loss of the material to be tested after thermal shock. 9. The method of claim 6, wherein the predetermined velocity is a variable angular velocity obeying a predetermined function. 10. The method of claim 6, wherein: When performing step 3), use an infrared imaging sensor to collect infrared image data, use an industrial camera to collect image data, use an infrared temperature measuring probe to detect the real-time temperature of the molten metal in the crucible, and use a laser ranging sensor to measure the pouring edge of the crucible The vertical distance from the surface of the sample to be tested.