CN109937819A - A method for enhancing alkali tolerance of rice and increasing iron content in rice - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of methods enhancing rice resistance to alkali ability and improve iron content in rice, include the following steps: to cultivate rice seedling, and obtained rice seedling will be cultivated and be placed in the culture pond containing alkaline nutrient solution, sodium nitroprusside and pyrazinamide are added in culture pond simultaneously, and the concentration of the sodium nitroprusside and pyrazinamide is made to be held in 10-50 μm of olL^‑1.This method uses sodium nitroprusside and pyrazinamide as external source crop growth regulator, the inhibition of root growth caused by alkaline stress environment can be effectively relieved and overground part is withered and yellow, the resistance to alkali ability of rice can be significantly increased, and improve iron content, it is final to increase rice biological amount and yield, it lays a good foundation for Study On Rice to the adaptation mechanism of Saline Alkali Stress.

Description

A method for enhancing alkali tolerance of rice and increasing iron content in rice

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of rice planting, and in particular relates to a method for enhancing the alkali tolerance of rice and increasing the iron content in the rice.

Background technique

Rice is one of the most widely cultivated crops in the world and one of the most important food crops for mankind, providing food for more than 60% of the world's population. The degree of salinization of agricultural soil is becoming more and more serious, which has become one of the most important issues in modern agriculture. According to statistics, more than 30% of the cultivated soils in the world are subject to alkali stress, which seriously affects the normal growth of crops and even leads to death. High pH results in inhibition of plant growth, blocked root elongation, weakened photosynthesis, and damage to cell membranes. In particular, rice is sensitive to the pH environment of growth. Even under slightly alkaline (over 7.5) conditions, its growth will be severely inhibited, root growth will be blocked, and the shoot will gradually wither and turn yellow. Finally, the accumulation of photosynthetic products will decrease, yield will drop significantly, or even no harvest. . In northeastern China, alkali stress caused by carbonate has become an important obstacle restricting rice production.

Therefore, enhancing the alkali tolerance of rice can effectively utilize saline-alkali land resources, achieve the purpose of governance through farming, and increase grain yield.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies and defects mentioned in the above background art, and provide a method that can enhance the alkali tolerance of rice and increase the iron content in rice.

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical scheme proposed by the present invention is:

A method for enhancing the alkali tolerance of rice and increasing the iron content in rice, comprising the steps of: cultivating rice seedlings, placing the cultivated rice seedlings in a culture tank containing an alkaline nutrient solution, and adding Sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide, and the concentrations of the sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide are both kept at 10-50 μmol·L ⁻¹ .

Method principle: The present invention adopts alkaline nutrient solution to cultivate rice seedlings, and simulates the alkaline stress environment in which rice seedlings grow. Under alkaline stress, rice roots produce excessive ethylene and reactive oxygen species, which will lead to root failure, premature senescence and severe iron deficiency and yellowing, which are the main physiological obstacles of rice under alkaline stress. Pyrazinamide can specifically inhibit the activity of ethylene synthase (1-aminocyclopropane synthase), block ethylene signal transduction, and finally restore the normal growth ability of roots. At the same time, sodium nitroferricyanide can be converted into an important hormone-like substance nitric oxide by plants. As a plant signal molecule, nitric oxide can effectively reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, promote root growth, inhibit root senescence, and reduce deposition of iron films. Therefore, the simultaneous application of sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide can effectively promote root development, as well as mineral nutrient absorption, especially iron absorption, effectively relieve root growth inhibition and shoot yellowing caused by alkaline environment, thereby significantly enhancing rice Alkali tolerance and increase iron content in rice. In addition, the rice seedling stage is an important period for rice root growth and development and nutrient absorption, and it is also the period when rice has the weakest resistance to environmental stress. Therefore, the simultaneous application of sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide in rice seedling stage can enhance the Resistance of rice to alkaline stress.

In the above method, preferably, the specific method for cultivating rice seedlings includes the following steps: placing the rice seeds in 0.68% nitric acid by volume to break dormancy for 10-18 hours, placing them in water until they are white, and suspending the seedling orifice plate On the nutrient solution in the black container, the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5-6, the rice seeds obtained after the germination of Lubai are sown on the top of the nursery orifice plate, placed in an incubator for cultivation, and replaced every 3 days. culture medium to obtain rice seedlings. In the natural environment, roots grow in dark conditions, so the culture container is a black container.

Preferably, the seedling-raising orifice plate is provided with several small holes that enable the rice seeds to contact the nutrient solution without falling out of the seedling-raising orifice plate, and one rice seed is sown in each hole.

Preferably, the incubator alternately simulates the conditions of daytime illumination and night without illumination, the daytime illumination duration is 16h, the average temperature is 28°C, and the nighttime no illumination time is 8h, and the average temperature is 25°C.

Preferably, the concentrations of the sodium nitroferricyanide and the pyrazinamide are both 50 μmol·L ⁻¹ . Preferably, regular replacement of sodium nitroferricyanide in the nutrient solution can maintain its activity.

Preferably, the pH value of the alkaline nutrient solution is 7-8.5.

Preferably, the nutrient solution is Yoshida rice nutrient solution, and the Yoshida rice nutrient solution includes NH ₄ NO ₃ , NaH ₂ PO ₄ , K ₂ SO ₄ , CaCl ₂ , MgCl ₂ , MnSO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ .2H ₂ O, H ₃ BO ₃ , ZnSO ₄ .7H ₂ O, CuSO ₄ .5H ₂ O and FeCl ₃ .6H ₂ O, the macronutrient elements N, P, The contents of K, Ca, and Mg are 35-45mg/L, 8-12mg/L, 35-45mg/L, 35-45mg/L, 35-45mg/L, and the micronutrient elements Mn, Mo, B, Zn, The contents of Cu and Fe were 0.4-0.6mg/L, 0.04-0.06mg/L, 0.18-0.22mg/L, 0.018-0.022mg/L, 0.008-0.012mg/L, 1.8-2.2mg/L, respectively.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The method of the present invention, using sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide as exogenous crop growth regulators, can effectively alleviate root growth inhibition and aboveground yellowing caused by alkali stress environment, and can significantly enhance the alkali tolerance of rice. , and increase the iron content, and ultimately increase the biomass and yield of rice.

2. The method of the present invention significantly enhances the alkali tolerance of rice by adding 10-50 μmol·L ^-1 sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide, which lays a foundation for studying the adaptation mechanism of rice to saline-alkali stress.

Description of drawings

In order to illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art more clearly, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the drawings in the following description are For some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is in the embodiment of the present invention under the condition of high pH (8.5), adds sodium nitroferricyanide and control group (CK) under the condition of rice growth condition figure;

Fig. 2 is in the embodiment of the present invention under the condition of high pH (8.5), adds sodium nitrosoferricyanide and control group (CK) under the condition of root system development;

Fig. 3 is under the condition of high pH (8.5) in the embodiment of the present invention, adding sodium nitroferricyanide and control group (CK) under the condition of aerial part biomass;

Fig. 4 is in the embodiment of the present invention under the condition of high pH (8.5), adding sodium nitroferricyanide and the control group (CK) under the condition of leaf SPAD value;

Fig. 5 is under the condition of high pH (8.5) in the embodiment of the present invention, adding sodium nitroferricyanide and the control group (CK) under the condition of leaf iron content;

Fig. 6 shows the root system development under the condition of high pH (8.5), adding sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide at the same time and the control group (CK) in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively and in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments of the specification, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following specific embodiments.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used hereinafter have the same meaning as commonly understood by those skilled in the art. The technical terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention.

Unless otherwise specified, various raw materials, reagents, instruments and equipment used in the present invention can be purchased from the market or can be prepared by existing methods.

Example:

A method of the present invention for enhancing the alkali tolerance of rice and improving the iron content in the rice comprises the following steps:

The first step: rice seed germination and seedling cultivation

Put the rice seeds in 0.68% nitric acid by volume to break dormancy for 18 hours, then put them in water until they are white, and suspend the seedling orifice plate on the nutrient solution in the black container. The obtained rice seeds are sown on the seedling orifice plate, placed in an incubator for cultivation, and the culture medium is replaced every 3 days to obtain rice seedlings.

The black container is a plastic pot with a length of 20cm, a width of 10cm and a height of 5cm, on which 4 96 seedling orifice plates (12 horizontal rows and 8 vertical rows) can be placed, 1 rice seed is sown in each hole, and the bottom of each hole is cut off. , so that the seeds can be sown on it, the seedlings do not fall, and the roots grow downward.

In the incubator, the conditions of daytime light and night without light were simulated alternately. The daytime light period was 16 h, the average temperature was 28 °C, and the night no light time was 8 h, and the average temperature was 25 °C.

The nutrient solution culture adopts Yoshida nutrient solution, and the Yoshida rice nutrient solution includes NH ₄ NO ₃ , NaH ₂ PO ₄ , K ₂ SO ₄ , CaCl ₂ , MgCl ₂ , MnSO ₄ , (NH ₄ ) ₆ Mo ₇ O ₂₄ · 2H ₂ O, H ₃ BO ₃ , ZnSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O, CuSO ₄ ·5H ₂ O and FeCl ₃ ·6H ₂ O, macronutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg in the Yoshida solution nutrient solution The content of 35-45mg/L, 8-12mg/L, 35-45mg/L, 35-45mg/L, 35-45mg/L, the content of trace nutrients Mn, Mo, B, Zn, Cu, Fe 0.4-0.6mg/L, 0.04-0.06mg/L, 0.18-0.22mg/L, 0.018-0.022mg/L, 0.008-0.012mg/L, 1.8-2.2mg/L, respectively.

Step 2: Administration of sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide

The rice seedlings with consistent growth were selected, the pH value in the nutrient solution was adjusted to 8.5 with NaOH to simulate saline-alkali stress, and exogenous crop growth regulators were added to the nutrient solution, and sodium nitroferricyanide was added to one treatment. 50μmol·L ^-1 , treatment 2 was added with sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide at the same time, and the concentrations of sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide were both 50 μmol·L ^-1 , and treatment 3 was used as the control group (sub The concentrations of sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide were both 0 μmol·L ^-1 ). The nutrient solution was replaced every 3 days, and the cultivation time was 15 days. The harvested rice was sampled and photographed, and the biomass, SPAD value and iron content were determined.

It can be seen from Fig. 1 that the addition of 50 μmol·L ^-1 sodium nitroferricyanide to treatment 1 can significantly promote the growth of rice under saline-alkali stress.

It can be seen from Figure 2 that adding 50 μmol·L ^-1 sodium nitroferricyanide to treatment 1 can significantly promote root growth and alleviate root senescence.

It can be seen from Fig. 3 that the addition of 50 μmol·L ^-1 sodium nitroferricyanide can significantly increase the biomass of rice in one treatment.

It can be seen from Figure 4 that the addition of 50 μmol·L ^-1 sodium nitroferricyanide in treatment 1 can significantly increase the SPAD value of leaves and the content of iron in the shoots.

It can be seen from Figure 5 that the addition of 50 μmol·L ^-1 sodium nitroferricyanide to treatment 1 can increase the content of iron in the aerial part.

It can be seen from Fig. 6 that the addition of 50 μmol·L ^-1 sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide in treatment 2 can further enhance root growth under alkaline stress.

In Figures 1-6, "pH8.5+50μM sodium nitroferricyanide" represents treatment 1, "pH8.5+sodium nitroferricyanide+pyrazinamide" represents treatment 2, and "pH8.5" Indicates treatment 3 (control group).

Claims (7)

1. a method for enhancing the alkali tolerance of rice and improving iron content in rice, comprising the steps: cultivating rice seedlings, and the rice seedlings that are cultivated are placed in the culturing pond containing alkaline nutrient solution, and simultaneously in the culturing ponds Sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide are added to the solution, and the concentrations of the sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide are both maintained at 10-50 μmol·L ⁻¹ . 2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the concrete method for cultivating rice seedlings comprises the steps of: placing the rice seeds in 0.68% nitric acid by volume to break dormancy for 10-18h, then placing them in water Until Lubai, the seedling orifice plate is suspended on the nutrient solution in the black container, the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5-6, the rice seeds obtained after Lubai germination are sown on the nursery orifice plate, and placed in the incubator Cultivation was performed, and the culture medium was replaced every 3 days to obtain rice seedlings. 3. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described seedling raising orifice plate is provided with several small holes that can make rice seed contact nutrient solution without falling out of seedling raising orifice plate, every hole sows one rice seed . 4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the incubator, the conditions of daytime illumination and nighttime no illumination are simulated alternately, the daytime illumination duration is 16h, the average temperature is 28°C, the nighttime illumination duration is 8h, and the average duration is 8h. The temperature was 25°C. 5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the concentrations of the sodium nitroferricyanide and pyrazinamide are both 50 μmol·L ⁻¹ . 6 . 6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the pH value of the alkaline nutrient solution is 7-8.5. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the nutrient solution is a Yoshida rice nutrient solution, and the Yoshida rice nutrient solution comprises NH ₄ NO ₃ , NaH ₂ PO ₄ , K _2SO4 , _CaCl2 , _MgCl2 , _{MnSO4 , ( NH4 ) 6Mo7O24.2H2O , H3BO3 , ZnSO4.7H2O , CuSO4.5H2O and FeCl3.6H 2} O, the contents of macronutrient elements N, P, K, Ca, Mg in the Yoshida solution nutrient solution are respectively 35-45mg/L, 8-12mg/L, 35-45mg/L, 35-45mg/L , 35-45mg/L, the content of trace nutrients Mn, Mo, B, Zn, Cu, Fe are 0.4-0.6mg/L, 0.04-0.06mg/L, 0.18-0.22mg/L, 0.018-0.022mg respectively /L, 0.008-0.012mg/L, 1.8-2.2mg/L.