CN109937648B - Fertilization test bench - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of seeding and fertilization, and provides a fertilization test bench, comprising a transmission mechanism, a control mechanism and a fertilization mechanism, wherein the fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism is arranged above the transmission mechanism; the control mechanism is respectively connected with the transmission mechanism. The mechanism is connected with the fertilization mechanism, and is used to monitor the seeds on the conveying mechanism and turn on the fertilization mechanism when the seeds are transferred to the lower side of the fertilization mechanism. The synchronous sowing effect of sowing and fertilization is realized; the intermittent fixed-point quantitative sowing and fertilization are realized, thereby improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and the sowing effect.

Description

Fertilization test bench

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of sowing and fertilization, in particular to a fertilization experimental bench.

Background technique

The cultivation of corn and other crops mainly requires the application of granular compound fertilizer. Improving the quality of sowing and applying reasonable fertilizers are important guarantees for the growth of the seedlings. At present, most of the seeding and fertilizing machines in my country have achieved precise seeding in fixed holes, but the method of sowing fertilizers is still the traditional external groove drilling. There are no intermittent fixed-point fertilization test benches on the market, most of them are variable fertilization test benches, 2F-12 variable fertilization test benches developed by the Key Laboratory of Agricultural Mechanization Engineering of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural Reclamation University, the fertilizer falls from the fertilizer box into the fertilizer discharger , The hydraulic motor is controlled by the electronic control system to provide power for the fertilizer discharger, and the initial speed of the fertilization control system is given by the host computer to simulate the speed value of the locomotive, so as to adjust the motor speed of the fertilizer discharger, and adjust the fertilizer discharge by changing the driving speed. The amount of fertilizer applied by the fertilizer device; the fertilizer falls into the measuring cup of the test bench through the fertilizer discharge port, and the fertilizer monitoring terminal equipment is used to observe whether the fertilizer device can discharge fertilizer smoothly.

The disadvantage of the existing experimental bench is that it can only simulate variable fertilization, and the fertilization method is still the traditional external groove wheel fertilization, which cannot simulate intermittent fixed-point quantitative fertilization; it is impossible to intuitively test the distance between fertilization points, the position of the fertilizer drop from the seeding point, and the fertilizer. The distribution of particles; it cannot be linked with the seeding part, and it cannot simulate the synchronous and fixed-point application of seed fertilizer.

Precise intermittent fixed-point fertilization can reduce the amount of fertilizer sowing and improve the utilization rate of fertilizer. The change of fertilization method directly affects the utilization rate of fertilizer and fertilizer pollution. Therefore, a set of intermittent fixed-point (strain) quantitative fertilization experimental bench is established to study and test fertilizers The parameters of fixed-point precision injection are very important.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The embodiment of the present invention provides a fertilization test bench, so as to solve the problem that intermittent fixed-point quantitative sowing and fertilization cannot be performed in the prior art.

An embodiment of the present invention provides a fertilization test bench, which includes a transmission mechanism, a control mechanism and a fertilization mechanism. The fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism is provided above the transmission mechanism; the control mechanism is respectively connected with the transmission mechanism and the fertilization mechanism. The mechanism is connected to monitor the fertilization mechanism when the seeds on the transfer mechanism are transferred to the lower side of the fertilization mechanism.

Wherein, a seeding mechanism is also included, and the seed outlet of the seeding mechanism and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizing mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying mechanism along the conveying direction of the conveying mechanism.

Wherein, the fertilization mechanism includes a fertilizer box and a fertilizer discharger, the inlet of the fertilizer discharger is communicated with the outlet of the fertilizer box, the fertilizer discharge switch is arranged at the outlet of the fertilizer discharger, and the fertilizer discharger A switch is located above the transfer mechanism.

Wherein, the fertilization mechanism further includes a fertilization support, the fertilization support is provided with a second motor, the fertilizer discharger is installed on the fertilizer discharge drive shaft, and the second motor is connected to the fertilizer discharge drive shaft through a driving belt. Drive connection, the second motor is connected with the control mechanism to control the rotation speed of the second motor and control the fertilizer discharge amount of the fertilizer discharger.

Wherein, the fertilizer discharge switch is provided with a fertilizer discharge baffle, the fertilizer discharge baffle is connected with an electromagnetic switch, and the electromagnetic switch is connected with the control mechanism to control the start-stop time of the fertilizer discharge switch.

Wherein, the sowing mechanism includes a seed box, a seed meter and a seed guide pipe; the inlet of the seed meter is communicated with the outlet of the seed box, and the outlet of the seed meter is communicated with the inlet of the seed guide pipe , the seed material outlet of the seed guide tube is located above the conveying mechanism.

Wherein, a seeding monitoring sensor is arranged on the seed guiding tube, and the seeding monitoring sensor is connected with the control mechanism to monitor the time when the seeds fall on the conveying mechanism.

Wherein, the seeding mechanism further includes a seeding support, the seeding support is mounted on the conveying mechanism, the bottom side of the seeding support is provided with a first motor, and the driving end of the first motor is provided with a first sprocket , the first sprocket is connected with the second sprocket of the seed metering device through a chain.

Wherein, the first motor is connected with the control mechanism to adjust the rotation speed of the first motor and control the seed metering amount of the seed metering device.

Wherein, the control mechanism includes a comparator, and the comparator is connected with the transmission mechanism and the fertilization mechanism.

In the fertilization test bench provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by arranging the fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism above the transmission mechanism, the control mechanism controls the fertilization mechanism to fertilize when the seeds are transmitted to the lower side of the fertilization mechanism, so as to realize the simultaneous sowing of sowing and fertilization. Fertilization effect; the control mechanism monitors the running speed of the conveyor and the fertilization amount of the fertilization mechanism, and realizes intermittent fixed-point and quantitative sowing and fertilization, thereby improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and the sowing effect. tests and experiments.

Description of drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description These are some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, other drawings can also be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the fertilization test bench according to the embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural diagram of a seeding mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilization mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural diagram of a fertilizer discharge switch according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a process flow diagram of a control mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure, 1: transfer mechanism; 2: sowing mechanism; 21: seed box; 22: seed meter; 23: seed guide tube; 24: sowing support; 25: sowing monitoring sensor; 26: first motor; 27: first motor 1 sprocket; 28: second sprocket; 3: fertilization mechanism; 31: fertilizer box; 32: fertilizer discharger; 33: fertilizer discharge switch; 331: switch housing; 332: upper discharge port; 333: fertilizer discharge baffle; 334: electromagnetic switch; 335: lower fertilization outlet; 34: fertilization drive shaft; 35: fertilization bracket; 36: second motor; 37: first pulley; 38: second pulley.

Detailed ways

In order to make the purposes, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments These are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "installed", "connected" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, for example, it may be a fixed connection or a detachable connection Connection, or integral connection; can be mechanical connection, can also be electrical connection; can be directly connected, can also be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be internal communication between two elements. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific situations.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, "multiple", "multiple" and "multiple groups" mean two or more, "several", "several", "several" Group" means one or more than one.

As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5 , an embodiment of the present invention provides a fertilization test bench, which includes a transmission mechanism 1, a control mechanism and a fertilization mechanism 3. The fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism 3 is located above the transmission mechanism 1; The mechanism 1 is connected with the fertilization mechanism 3 to monitor the seeds on the conveying mechanism 1 and turn on the fertilization mechanism 3 when the seeds are transferred to the lower side of the fertilization mechanism 3 . Specifically, the seeds are placed or sown on the conveying mechanism 1 by other means, and the control mechanism controls the conveying speed of the conveying mechanism 1. When the control mechanism monitors that the seeds are transferred to the lower side of the fertilizing mechanism 3, it controls the fertilizing mechanism 3 to open to realize the fixed point The effect of fertilization; when no seeds are detected, the fertilization mechanism 3 remains closed, realizing the purpose of intermittent fertilization.

In a specific embodiment, a seeding mechanism 2 is also included. Both the seeding mechanism 2 and the fertilizing mechanism 3 are arranged above the conveying mechanism 1, or at least the seed outlet of the seeding mechanism 2 and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizing mechanism 3 are located in the conveying mechanism 1. above.

And, the seed outlet and the fertilizer outlet are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction of the conveying mechanism 1 . When the seeds output by the sowing mechanism 2 fall onto the conveying mechanism 1 through the seed material outlet, the seeds move toward the direction of the fertilizing mechanism 3 along with the conveying member of the conveying mechanism 1; The fertilizer is discharged through the fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism 3 and falls into the position of the seed on the conveying mechanism 1 or its vicinity, so as to achieve the purpose of fixed-point fertilization. The linkage between the seeding mechanism 2 and the fertilizing mechanism 3 is realized, thereby realizing the simultaneous seeding effect of seeding and fertilizing.

Wherein, the control mechanism is respectively connected with the seeding mechanism 2 to monitor the seed drop amount and seed drop time of the seeding mechanism 2 . The utility model realizes intermittent fixed-point quantitative sowing and fertilization, thereby improving the utilization rate of fertilizer and the sowing effect.

Further, the seeding mechanism 2 includes a seeding support 24, a seed box 21, a seed metering device 22 and a seed guiding tube 23. The seeding support 24 is installed on the upper side of the conveying mechanism 1, and the seed box 21 is arranged on the upper end of the seeding support 24 for the purpose of To store the seeds to be sown, the seed meter 22 is arranged on the lower side of the seed box 21 and installed on the sowing bracket 24 , and the specific inlet of the seed meter 22 is communicated with the outlet of the seed box 21, so that the seeds fall into the seed meter 22 . The seed guide tube 23 is arranged on the lower side of the seed metering device 22 and is installed on the seeding bracket 24 through the adjusting member. Specifically, the outlet of the seed metering device 22 is communicated with the inlet of the seed guide tube 23, and the seed material outlet of the seed guide tube 23 is connected. It is located above the conveying mechanism 1 to ensure that the seeds fall on the conveying mechanism 1, and the inclination angle of the seed guiding tube 23 is adjusted by adjusting the adjusting member to meet the controllability of the seed drop point and realize fixed-point sowing.

The bottom side of the seeding bracket 24 is provided with a first motor 26 , the driving end of the first motor 26 is provided with a first sprocket 27 , and the first sprocket 27 is connected to the second sprocket 28 outside the seed metering device 22 through a chain , to achieve synchronous rotation. Specifically, the first motor 26 drives the first sprocket 27 to rotate, the first sprocket 27 drives the second sprocket 28 to rotate synchronously through the chain, the hopper in the seed meter 22 rotates, and the seeds are intermittently discharged into the seed guide tube 23 . By adjusting the rotational speed of the first motor 26, the seeds are intermittently and quantitatively planted. The seeding tube 23 is provided with a sowing monitoring sensor 25, which is used to monitor the passage of the seeds in the seeding tube 23 in real time, and send the collected seed passage information to the control mechanism.

Further, the fertilization mechanism 3 includes a fertilization support 35, a fertilizer box 31, a fertilizer discharger 32 and a fertilizer discharge switch 33, the fertilization support 35 is provided on the conveying mechanism 1 to support the fertilization mechanism 3, and the fertilizer box 31 is provided on the fertilization support 35. The upper end of the fertilization device is used to store the fertilizer to be applied. The fertilizer discharger 32 is arranged on the lower side of the fertilizer box 31 and is installed on the fertilizer application support 35 through the fertilizer discharge drive shaft 34. The installation of the fertilizer discharger 32 on the fertilizer discharge drive shaft 34 is adjusted. Location, to achieve fixed-point fertilization. The fertilizer discharge switch 33 is arranged at the outlet of the fertilizer discharger 32 , and the fertilizer discharge switch 33 is located above the conveying mechanism 1 to ensure that the fertilizer falls on the conveying mechanism 1 . Specifically, the inlet of the fertilizer discharger 32 is communicated with the outlet of the fertilizer box 31, the fertilizer in the fertilizer box 31 falls into the fertilizer hopper in the fertilizer discharger 32, and under the rotation of the fertilizer discharge drive shaft 34, the fertilizer in the fertilizer hopper Falling into the fertilizer discharge switch 33, by controlling the opening time of the fertilizer discharge switch 33, the control of the fertilization amount is realized, and the quantitative fertilization is guaranteed.

The fertilization support 35 is provided with a second motor 36, the driving end of the second motor 36 is provided with a first pulley 37, and the first pulley 37 is connected with the second pulley 38 on the end side of the fertilization drive shaft 34 through a driving belt to realize The synchronous rotation of the second motor 36 and the fertilization drive shaft 34 realizes quantitative fertilization by controlling the rotational speed of the second motor 36 .

Further, the fertilizer discharge switch 33 includes a switch housing 331 , the upper fertilizer discharge port 332 of the switch housing 331 communicates with the outlet of the fertilizer discharger 32 , and the lower fertilizer discharge port 335 of the switch housing 331 is provided above the conveying mechanism 1 . The switch housing 331 is provided with a fertilizer discharge baffle 333, and the fertilizer discharge baffle 333 is connected to the electromagnetic switch 334, and the position of the fertilizer discharge baffle 333 is controlled by the opening and closing of the electromagnetic switch 334, so as to realize the upper discharge port 332 and the lower fertilizer discharge. The conduction of the port 335 discharges the fertilizer to the position of the seeds on the conveying mechanism 1 to achieve the effect of fixed-point fertilization.

The control mechanism includes a comparator, which is connected to the seeding monitoring sensor 25 to receive the signal after the seeds have passed through, and the comparator is connected to the conveying mechanism 1 to receive the running speed of the conveying mechanism 1, the comparator and the first motor. 26 is connected to adjust the rotational speed of the first motor 26, the comparator is connected to the second motor 36 to adjust the rotational speed of the second motor 36, the comparator is connected to the electromagnetic switch 334 through the information processing module, to control the electromagnetic Length of time the switch 334 is on. The comparator is used for receiving, judging, and sending signals. For example, after the comparator receives the signal transmitted by the seeding monitoring sensor 25, it sends a turn-on signal to the electromagnetic switch 334 after a set time, and the electromagnetic switch 334 turns on after receiving the signal, and after the set time After that, a shutdown signal is sent to the electromagnetic switch 334, and the electromagnetic switch 334 is turned off, and there is no signal processing process in this process.

The working principle of the embodiment of the present invention is as follows:

When simulating seeding and fertilizing operations, the transmission parts of the transmission mechanism simulate the ground soil, adjust the rotation speed of the transmission parts to simulate the locomotive moving at a constant speed, adjust the speed of the second motor of the fertilizer discharge mechanism and the fertilizer drive shaft according to the actual fertilizer discharge amount, and adjust the seeding according to the actual seeding amount. The first motor of the mechanism and the speed of the seed meter can realize quantitative seeding and fertilization;

According to the physical size of the planting and fertilizing device and the performance of fertilizing and seeding, it is concluded that the fertilizer landing time t1 when the fertilizer is turned on and off, and the time t2 when the seeds pass the landing time monitored by the sowing monitoring sensor, adjust the distance between the seeding mechanism and the fertilizing mechanism to simulate the machine rack. The length L, and then the plant spacing and the travel speed of the conveying piece are combined to calculate the shortest time t from monitoring the drop of the seeds to turning on the fertilizer switch when the fertilizer drop point and the seed drop point are synchronized, that is, the time t after the seed drop is monitored. At this time, turn on the electromagnetic switch, and determine the opening time of the fertilizer switch according to the amount of fertilization; calculate the sowing time interval t3 of two adjacent plants according to the plant spacing and travel speed. Feedback to correct the fertilization time to achieve fixed-point sowing and fertilization.

By changing the speed of different conveyor belts to simulate the running speed of the machine at different speeds, the speed of the first motor of the seeding mechanism and the second motor of the fertilizer discharge mechanism are calibrated according to the speed of the conveyor belt to ensure that the rotation speed of the actual operation is completely simulated, and different pulses are sent according to different speeds. The signal is sent to the comparator to change the opening and closing time interval and delay of the fertilization switch, and the reliability of the intermittent fertilization scheme is verified by simulating different travel speeds.

In the fertilization test bench provided by the embodiment of the present invention, by arranging the fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism above the transmission mechanism, the control mechanism controls the fertilization mechanism to fertilize when the seeds are transmitted to the lower side of the fertilization mechanism, so as to realize the simultaneous sowing of sowing and fertilization. Fertilization effect: The control mechanism monitors the running speed of the conveyor and the fertilization amount of the fertilization mechanism to realize fixed-point quantitative sowing and fertilization. When no seeds are detected on the lower side of the fertilization mechanism, the fertilization mechanism is in a closed state. The utility model has the advantages of simple structure and convenient operation, which can meet the test and experiment of various performances of sowing and fertilization.

The device embodiments described above are only illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in One place, or it can be distributed over multiple network elements. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment. Those of ordinary skill in the art can understand and implement it without creative effort.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, but not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand: it can still be Modifications are made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or some technical features thereof are equivalently replaced; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A fertilization test bench is characterized in that, comprising a transmission mechanism, a control mechanism and a fertilization mechanism, and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilization mechanism is located above the transmission mechanism; the control mechanism is respectively associated with the transmission mechanism and the The fertilization mechanism is connected to monitor the fertilization mechanism when the seeds on the transfer mechanism are transferred to the lower side of the fertilization mechanism; It also includes a sowing mechanism, the seed outlet of the sowing mechanism and the fertilizer outlet of the fertilizing mechanism are sequentially arranged above the conveying mechanism along the conveying direction of the conveying mechanism; The control mechanism is connected with the seeding mechanism to monitor the amount and time of seeding of the seeding mechanism, and is used to control the transmission speed of the conveying mechanism. Turn on time to achieve fixed-point and quantitative fertilization; when no seeds are detected, the fertilization mechanism remains closed to achieve intermittent fertilization. 2. The fertilization test bench according to claim 1, wherein the fertilization mechanism comprises a fertilizer box and a fertilizer discharger, the inlet of the fertilizer discharger is communicated with the outlet of the fertilizer box, and the fertilizer discharge switch is provided in the At the outlet of the fertilizer discharger, the fertilizer discharge switch is located above the conveying mechanism. 3. The fertilization test bench according to claim 2, wherein the fertilization mechanism further comprises a fertilization support, the fertilization support is provided with a second motor, and the fertilization device is installed on the fertilization drive shaft, The second motor is drivingly connected with the fertilizer discharge drive shaft through a driving belt, and the second motor is connected with the control mechanism to control the rotation speed of the second motor and control the fertilizer discharge of the fertilizer discharger. quantity. 4 . The fertilization test bench according to claim 2 , wherein a fertilizer discharge baffle is arranged in the fertilizer discharge switch, the fertilizer discharge baffle is connected with an electromagnetic switch, and the electromagnetic switch is connected with the control mechanism. 5 . connected to control the start-stop time of the fertilizer discharge switch. 5. The fertilization test bench according to claim 1, wherein the sowing mechanism comprises a seed box, a seed meter and a seed guide pipe; the inlet of the seed meter is communicated with the outlet of the seed box, so the The outlet of the seed meter is communicated with the inlet of the seed guide pipe, and the seed material outlet of the seed guide pipe is located above the conveying mechanism. 6 . The fertilization test bench according to claim 5 , wherein a planting monitoring sensor is provided on the seed guiding pipe, and the planting monitoring sensor is connected with the control mechanism to monitor the drop of the seeds to the transmission. 7 . The time when the institution is on. 7 . The fertilization test bench according to claim 5 , wherein the seeding mechanism further comprises a seeding support, the seeding support is mounted on the conveying mechanism, and the bottom side of the seeding support is provided with a first motor. 8 . , the driving end of the first motor is provided with a first sprocket, and the first sprocket is connected with the second sprocket of the seed meter through a chain. 8 . The fertilization test bench according to claim 7 , wherein the first motor is connected with the control mechanism to adjust the rotational speed of the first motor and control the seed metering amount of the seed metering device. 9 . . 9 . The fertilization test bench according to claim 1 , wherein the control mechanism comprises a comparator, and the comparator is connected with the transmission mechanism and the fertilization mechanism. 10 .

Images