CN109921045B - Preparation and application of an oxygen electrode catalyst with platinum black as carrier - Google Patents
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- CN109921045B CN109921045B CN201711315824.8A CN201711315824A CN109921045B CN 109921045 B CN109921045 B CN 109921045B CN 201711315824 A CN201711315824 A CN 201711315824A CN 109921045 B CN109921045 B CN 109921045B
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 61
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000872198 Serjania polyphylla Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001260 Pt alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000320 mechanical mixture Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 14
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001132 ultrasonic dispersion Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002322 conducting polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001940 conductive polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002082 metal nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005518 polymer electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021638 Iridium(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005518 electrochemistry Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012827 research and development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种以铂黑为载体的氧电极催化剂的制备方法，作为载体的铂黑同时具有氧还原功能，通过贵金属诱导金属离子还原反应于其上担载具有催化氧析出功能的贵金属铱。该催化剂可应用于一体式可再生燃料电池双效氧电极，与传统的铂黑和铱黑催化剂的机械混合物相比，可使电池的燃料电池与电解水性能均得到提高。本发明方法不使用任何有机试剂，因此发明方法对环境友好。
The invention discloses a preparation method of an oxygen electrode catalyst using platinum black as a carrier. The platinum black as the carrier has an oxygen reduction function at the same time, and the noble metal iridium with the function of catalyzing oxygen evolution is supported on it through a noble metal-induced metal ion reduction reaction. . The catalyst can be applied to an integrated renewable fuel cell dual-effect oxygen electrode, and can improve both the fuel cell and water electrolysis performance of the cell compared with the traditional mechanical mixture of platinum black and iridium black catalysts. The method of the present invention does not use any organic reagents, so the method of the present invention is environmentally friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of an oxygen electrode catalyst, in particular to a catalyst applied to an integrated renewable fuel cell double-effect oxygen electrode, and belongs to the field of electrochemistry.
Background
The space power supply is an essential important component in a space system, and the solution of the space power supply at present is that a solar battery is used as a main power supply and a space renewable energy source is matched as an energy storage system. The traditional energy storage system is based on Li ion, Ni/MHXThe rechargeable secondary batteries such as Ni/Cd have the fatal weakness of low energy density, for example, the maximum energy density of Li ion batteries with mature technical development is only 200 Wh/Kg; and the energy density of the Renewable Fuel Cell (RFC) serving as a novel energy storage system can reach 400-1000 Wh/Kg.
RFC is an energy conversion and storage system developed on the basis of polymer electrolyte fuel cell and polymer electrolyte water electrolysis technology, which has high energy density, no self-discharge loss in long-term storage, no influence of discharge depth, and more importantly, high pressure H generated when the system works in a water electrolysis mode2And O2Not only can be used for attitude control of a spacecraft, but alsoCan be used for life support system of astronaut. Besides being used for space technology, RFC can be used together with renewable energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy and the like on land or on the sea, and can also be used as an independent distributed mobile power supply system for supplying power to residential areas, communication stations, military bases and the like far away from a power grid. Therefore, the major countries in the world place great importance on the research and development of RFC technology.
RFC is a dual-function system combining a Fuel Cell (FC) and a water electrolysis cell (WE), and the RFC can be divided into a unitary type (URFC) and a split type according to different combination modes of two components of the FC and the WE. As the most advanced RFC technology, the URFC can realize the dual functions of the FC and the WE on the same component, so that the mass ratio power and the volume ratio power of the RFC can be improved to the maximum extent.
The double-effect oxygen electrode is one of the core components of the URFC, in which the catalyst used needs to have both catalytic oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution functions, and the most conceivable solution is to mix the catalyst having the catalytic oxygen reduction function with the catalyst having the catalytic oxygen evolution function as a double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst. For example, US Patent 20030068544 provides a simple mechanical mixing of platinum black and an oxide of Ir or Ru to obtain a dual effect oxygen electrode catalyst. The mechanical mixing can only lead different components in the catalyst to be mixed at the level of aggregate, which causes discontinuous distribution of any component in the space of the catalyst layer, thus not only causing the oxide component with low conductivity to obstruct electron conduction and increase the internal resistance of the catalyst layer, but also causing any component to be incapable of fully occupying the whole space of the catalyst layer and reducing the utilization rate of the catalyst.
In order to solve the above problems, researchers have used supported catalysts to effectively increase the dispersion degree of the supported substances, and there are two supporting strategies, one is to support the oxygen evolution active component on the oxygen evolution active component, and the other is to support the oxygen evolution active component on the oxygen evolution active component.
For example, patent CN101773825A describes a method for preparing a fuel cell dual-effect oxygen electrode catalyst slurry, in which a metal nanoparticle with oxygen reduction activity as a carrier is prepared in the first step, specifically, a proton conducting polymer solution and a precursor solution containing a catalyst metal active component are mixed uniformly, then the PH is adjusted to 8-13, a reducing agent is added, and the mixture is stirred and refluxed at 60-100 ℃ for 1-60 minutes to obtain a proton conducting polymer modified metal nanoparticle colloidal solution; taking metal nano particles modified by a proton conducting polymer as a carrier, and carrying oxygen precipitation active nano particles on the metal nano particles, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps of firstly uniformly mixing a precursor solution containing a proton conducting polymer solution and an oxygen precipitation active metal component, then uniformly mixing the precursor solution and the colloidal solution obtained in the first step, and then reacting in a closed reaction kettle at the temperature of 90-200 ℃ for 2-24 hours; and thirdly, dialyzing the obtained colloidal solution in an alcohol-water solution by using a dialysis bag to remove impurities, and finally obtaining the double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst.
For example, patent CN103170329A describes a preparation method of a core-shell structure dual-effect oxygen electrode catalyst for a fuel cell, specifically, Ir nano dendrite as a carrier is obtained by using a strong reducing agent, and then Pt is deposited on the surface of Ir by using a weak reducing agent, so as to obtain Ir @ Pt nanoparticles having a core-shell structure and a particle size distribution of 10 to 20nm, wherein the nanoparticles have better oxygen reduction and oxygen precipitation activities than a catalyst in which platinum black and iridium black are mechanically mixed.
However, the preparation method of the supported double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst does not use a chemical reducing agent in the supporting step, some reaction conditions are harsh, and the steps are relatively numerous. The invention adopts a simple and easy loading method, does not use any organic reagent, and directly utilizes noble metal to induce metal ion reduction reaction on platinum black with oxygen reduction activity to load Ir components with oxygen precipitation activity. The method is simple and effective, is green and environment-friendly, and the obtained supported double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst has better oxygen reduction and oxygen precipitation activity than a catalyst mechanically mixed by platinum black and iridium black.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a catalyst for a double-effect oxygen electrode of an integrated renewable fuel cell.
The preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) adding platinum black into deionized water, and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic;
(2) heating the solution obtained in the step (1) to 30-100 ℃, and then adding Ir precursor solution to ensure that the mass ratio of Ir to Pt or Pt element contained in PtM is 0.02-1: 1;
(3) after reacting for 3-48h, centrifugally separating, and then mixing and washing by deionized water and ethanol to obtain the double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst of claim 1.
The preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate, reaction conditions are easy to control, and the method is a simple and efficient green synthesis method.
The catalyst prepared by the method has the advantages that the noble metal iridium nano particles with oxygen evolution activity are highly dispersed on the carrier metal platinum black with oxygen reduction activity, and can catalyze both oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction, so that the catalyst can be used as a double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst in an integrated renewable fuel cell or an oxygen electrode catalyst taking platinum black as a carrier in a fuel cell.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention.
In the drawings:
in FIG. 1, transmission electron micrographs of Pt Black, Ir Black, mechanical mixing of Pt Black and Ir Black, and the dual effect oxygen electrode catalyst prepared as in example 3 are shown in (a), (b), (c) and (d), respectively. It can be seen that both Pt Black and Ir Blakck are in the state of agglomerates, (c) the diagram shows that mechanically mixing Pt Black with Ir Blakck is the mixing between agglomerates, and (d) the diagram shows that Ir nanodots are highly dispersed on the support Pt Black.
FIG. 2 shows the catalyst Ir prepared in example 21/Pt10And the catalyst Ir Black + Pt Black prepared according to the comparative example in O2Saturated 0.1MHClO4ORR curves in solution are compared.The electrochemical test conditions were: ensuring that the catalyst loading is the same, the linear scanning speed is 10mV/s, the potential scanning range is 0.2-1.0V, the forward scanning is carried out, and the rotating speed of the rotating disc electrode is 1600 rpm. From the figure, Ir1/Pt10The ORR activity of the catalyst is much higher than that of Ir Black + Pt Black, and the catalyst can be used as an oxygen reduction catalyst for fuel cells.
FIG. 3 shows the catalyst Ir prepared in example 31/Pt5And the catalyst Ir Black + Pt Black prepared according to the comparative example in O2Saturated 0.1MHClO4ORR curves in solution are compared. Electrochemical test conditions were the same as in example 2. From the figure, Ir1/Pt5The ORR activity of the strain is also greatly improved compared with Ir Black + Pt Black.
FIG. 4 shows the catalyst Ir prepared in example 31/Pt5And the catalyst Ir Black + Pt Black prepared according to the comparative example in O2Saturated 0.1MHClO4OER curves in solution are compared. The electrochemical test conditions were: ensuring that the catalyst loading is the same, the linear scanning speed is 5mV/s, the potential scanning range is 1.2-1.64V, the forward scanning is carried out, and the rotating speed of the rotating disc electrode is 1600 rpm. As can be seen from the figure, Ir is compared to mechanically mixed Ir Black + Pt Black1/Pt5The OER activity of (2) is better. Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, catalyst Ir prepared in example 3 of the present invention1/Pt5The dual-effect ORR and OER activity of the catalyst is superior to that of a mechanical mixed catalyst Ir Black and Pt Black, and the catalyst can be used as a dual-effect catalyst in an integrated renewable fuel cell.
FIG. 5 shows the catalyst Ir prepared in example 41/Pt3And the catalyst Ir Black + Pt Black prepared according to the comparative example in O2Saturated 0.1MHClO4OER curves in solution are compared. Electrochemical test conditions were the same as in example 3. As can be seen from the figure, Ir is compared to mechanically mixed Ir Black + Pt Black1/Pt3The OER activity of (2) is obviously improved, and the catalyst can be used as an oxygen evolution catalyst in a water electrolysis cell.
Detailed Description
Comparative example:
1. accurately weighing 8.5mg of platinum black and 1.5mg of iridium black, adding 2mL of isopropanol serving as a dispersing agent, and 0.1mL of Nafion solution with the mass fraction of 5% serving as an adhesive.
2. And (3) placing the slurry in an ultrasonic pool, and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic to obtain the mechanically mixed oxygen electrode catalyst which is marked as Ir Black + Pt Black.
Example 1:
1. 29.3mg of platinum black is accurately weighed and added into 36mL of deionized water, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15 min.
2. Heating the above solution to 30 deg.C, stirring for 30min, and adding 0.03mmol H2IrCl6So that the mass ratio of Ir to Pt was 0.02:1, and the reaction was stirred for 3 hours.
3. After the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, then centrifugally separating, and then washing for 4 times by using a mixed solution of deionized water and ethanol to obtain the double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst.
Example 2:
1. 29.3mg of platinum black is accurately weighed and added into 35mL of deionized water, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15 min.
2. Heating the above solution to 100 deg.C, stirring for 15min, and adding 0.015mmol H2IrCl6So that the mass ratio of Ir to Pt was 1:10, and the reaction was stirred for 12 hours.
3. After the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, then centrifugally separating, and washing for 4 times by using a mixed solution of deionized water and ethanol to obtain the double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst which is marked as Ir1/Pt10。
Example 3:
1. 29.3mg of platinum black is accurately weighed and added into 36mL of deionized water, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15 min.
2. Heating the above solution to 100 deg.C, stirring for 15min, and adding 0.03mmol H2IrCl6So that the mass ratio of Ir to Pt was 1:5, and the reaction was stirred for 12 hours.
3. After the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, then centrifugally separating, and washing for 4 times by using a mixed solution of deionized water and ethanol to obtain the double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst which is marked as Ir1/Pt5。
Example 4:
1. accurately weighing 35.1mg of platinum black, adding the platinum black into 48mL of deionized water, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion for 15 min.
2. Heating the above solution to 100 deg.C, stirring for 15min, and adding 0.06mmol H2IrCl6So that the mass ratio of Ir to Pt was 1:3, and the reaction was stirred for 12 hours.
3. After the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, then centrifugally separating, and washing for 4 times by using a mixed solution of deionized water and ethanol to obtain the double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst which is marked as Ir1/Pt3。
Example 5:
1. 29.3mg of platinum black is accurately weighed and added into 60mL of deionized water, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15 min.
2. Heating the above solution to 100 deg.C, stirring for 15min, and adding 0.15mmol H2IrCl6So that the mass ratio of Ir to Pt was 1:1, and the reaction was stirred for 48 hours.
3. After the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, then centrifugally separating, and then washing for 4 times by using a mixed solution of deionized water and ethanol to obtain the double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst.
Example 6:
1. 29.28mg of platinum black is accurately weighed and added into 36mL of deionized water, and ultrasonic dispersion is carried out for 15 min.
2. Heating the above solution to 100 deg.C, stirring for 15min, and adding 0.03mmol IrCl3So that the mass ratio of Ir to Pt was 1:5, and the reaction was stirred for 12 hours.
3. After the reaction is finished, naturally cooling to room temperature, then centrifugally separating, and then washing for 4 times by using a mixed solution of deionized water and ethanol to obtain the double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of an oxygen electrode catalyst taking platinum black as a carrier is characterized by comprising the following steps: platinum black with a catalytic oxygen reduction function is used as a carrier, and iridium as a noble metal with a catalytic oxygen precipitation function is loaded on the carrier through a reduction reaction of Ir metal ions induced by the platinum black, wherein the mass fraction of Ir in the catalyst is 2-50%;
the method comprises the following steps:
1) adding platinum black into deionized water, and uniformly dispersing by ultrasonic;
2) heating the solution obtained in the step 1) to 30-100 ℃, and then adding Ir precursor solution to ensure that the mass ratio of Ir and Pt is 0.02-1: 1;
3) reacting the mixed solution in the step 2) for 3-48h, performing centrifugal separation, and then mixing and washing with deionized water and ethanol to obtain the double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst.
2. A method for producing an oxygen electrode catalyst according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ratio of the amount of the noble metal Ir with the function of catalyzing oxygen precipitation to the total amount of Pt element contained in the platinum or the platinum alloy is 0.02-1: 1.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: IrCl as Ir precursor solution3Or H2IrCl6One or two of the aqueous solutions of (a).
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: the oxygen electrode catalyst which is prepared by the preparation method and takes the platinum black as the carrier can be used as an oxygen reduction catalyst in a fuel cell.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the oxygen electrode catalyst which is prepared by the preparation method and takes the platinum black as the carrier is used as a double-effect catalyst for an oxygen electrode of an integrated renewable fuel cell.
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| CN103170329A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation method of double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst with core-shell structure for fuel cells |
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| CN107293757A (en) * | 2017-07-05 | 2017-10-24 | 西南大学 | The preparation method of PtCoFe/WC C oxygen reduction catalysts |
| US10562018B2 (en) * | 2016-04-19 | 2020-02-18 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Electrode catalyst, and membrane electrode assembly and fuel cell using electrode catalyst |
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Patent Citations (7)
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| EP0994520A1 (en) * | 1998-10-17 | 2000-04-19 | Degussa-Hüls Aktiengesellschaft | Catalyst for fuel cell comprising a Pt/Rh/Fe alloy and its manufacturing method |
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| CN103170329A (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2013-06-26 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation method of double-effect oxygen electrode catalyst with core-shell structure for fuel cells |
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