CN109917241A - A fault arc detection method and fault arc circuit breaker - Google Patents
A fault arc detection method and fault arc circuit breaker Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种故障电弧的检测方法和故障电弧断路器，具体包括以下步骤：采集火线上的电流信号，并转化为数字信号；将数字信号通过小波变换分解为一个低频信号和一个高频信号；逐点判断高频信号是否超过设定的阈值；对低频信号的过零点位置信号进行最小二乘法处理拟合成一条坐标上的斜线，得到其过零点处的斜率，判断该斜率是否超过设定的阈值，最终判断是否存在故障电弧。与现有技术相比，本发明通过对低频信号的分析检测电流中的“零休”现象，从而更精确地对故障电弧进行检测。
The invention relates to a fault arc detection method and a fault arc circuit breaker, which specifically includes the following steps: collecting a current signal on a live wire and converting it into a digital signal; decomposing the digital signal into a low-frequency signal and a high-frequency signal through wavelet transformation ; Determine whether the high-frequency signal exceeds the set threshold point by point; perform the least square method on the zero-crossing position signal of the low-frequency signal and fit it into a slope on the coordinate, get the slope at its zero-crossing point, and judge whether the slope exceeds the Set the threshold, and finally determine whether there is a fault arc. Compared with the prior art, the present invention detects the "zero-break" phenomenon in the current by analyzing the low-frequency signal, so as to detect the fault arc more accurately.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of circuit systems to protect field, more particularly, to the detection method and failure of a kind of fault electric arc
Electric arc breaker.
Background technique
Cause the factor of electrical fire that can be divided into two classes: one kind is line fault, among these includes aging circuit, short
Road, poor contact, electric leakage etc.；Another kind of is electrical equipment malfunction, such as the overload of equipment uses, improper such as heating equipment
It uses.Fault electric arc is exactly one of the inducement for causing electrical fire by line fault.Break down electric arc when, although electric current compared with
It is small, but the temperature of arc burning is up to thousands of degrees Celsius, the insulated hull for the surrounding that can burn or other substances, at this time if not
Circuit can be cut off in time, then lasting electric arc will will cause bigger destructive power, eventually lead to the generation of electrical fire.Cause
This, it is extremely important to the detection of fault electric arc.
Arc-fault circuit interrupter is the protection product that can effectively prevent electrical fire, it event can occur in circuit
When hindering electric arc, circuit is cut in time and is played a protective role, and the core of arc-fault circuit interrupter is exactly arc fault detection technique.
In existing fault electric arc breaker, wavelet transformation usually is carried out to current signal, then judges that it believes with the presence or absence of high frequency
Number, accordingly to determine whether there are fault electric arcs then to carry out breaking work.But for such as halogen lamp, the electrical appliances such as dust catcher
For, high-frequency signal can be also generated when working normally, detection is carried out only by high-frequency signal and is easy to produce erroneous judgement, influence to set
Standby normal use.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a kind of inspections of fault electric arc
Survey method and fault electric arc breaker.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of detection method of fault electric arc, specifically includes the following steps:
S1. the current signal on firewire is acquired, and is converted into digital signal；
S2. digital signal is decomposed into a low frequency signal and a high-frequency signal by wavelet transformation；
S3. judge whether high-frequency signal is more than the threshold value of setting point by point, if so, thening follow the steps S4；If it is not, then executing step
Rapid S1；
S4. the zero crossing position signal progress Least Square in Processing of low frequency signal is fitted to oblique on a coordinate
Line obtains the slope at its zero crossing, judges whether the slope is more than the threshold value of setting, if so, thening follow the steps S1；If it is not,
Then there are fault electric arcs for judgement.
Further, the expression formula of small echo are as follows:
Wherein, Ψa,bIt (t) is one group of function caused by morther wavelet is shifted and flexible, b is time shift, and a is scale factor,
A, b is constant, and a > 0；
The expression formula of continuous wavelet transform CWT are as follows:
Wherein, x (t) is Setting signal, WTx(a, b) is the continuous wavelet transform of signal x (t).For a composite signal
Wavelet transformation is carried out, is obtained:
WTx(a, b)=WTLow frequency(a,b)+WTHigh frequency(a,b)
Wherein, WTLow frequency(a, b) is pure low frequency signal, WTHigh frequency(a, b) is HF noise signal.
Further, the least square method is equation of linear regression:
The slope of its fitting a straight line are as follows:
Wherein, y represents sampled data, and x represents sampling instant, and b represents intercept.
A kind of fault electric arc breaker of the detection method using the fault electric arc as described in any of the above-described, comprising:
Sensor for acquiring the current signal on firewire, and is converted into low-voltage signal；
Analog-digital converter is converted to digital signal for receiving low-voltage signal and sends controller to；
Timer, for configuring the sample frequency of analog-digital converter；
Controller, the controller perform the steps of when executing pre-set programs
Point by point judge high-frequency signal whether be more than setting threshold value；If so, continuing to believe low frequency signal zero crossing position
Number carry out Least Square in Processing, obtain the slope at its zero crossing, judge the slope whether be more than setting threshold value, if it is not,
Then there are fault electric arcs for judgement.
It further, further include uncoupling rigging, the unhook order for receiving controller sending realizes that circuit disconnects.
Further, when controller judges to increase end value according to high-frequency signal and slope there are after fault electric arc；Width
Value is bigger, as a result increases more；Multi slope is smaller, as a result increases more；When end value reaches given threshold, then controller issues
It breaks off relations and orders.
Further, the timers trigger digital analog converter sampled data of 12.8kHz, 20ms are acquired 256 times.
Further, the controller is single-chip microcontroller.
Further, the tripping mechanism is electromagnetic coil or relay.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following advantages that
1, current signal is decomposed into a low frequency signal and a high-frequency signal by Wavelet transformation by the present invention, is then existed
The analysis to low frequency signal is increased on the basis of high-frequency signal, and the zero crossing position of low frequency signal is obtained by least square method
The slope of signal further determines whether the electric arc that breaks down.Its principle is after fault electric arc occurs, in addition to current amplitude can increase
Outside adding, " zero stops " phenomenon can be also generated, i.e. flat shoulder occurs in electric current, and flat shoulder is more obvious, and the arc fault of accumulation is according to just
It is higher, and the slope of zero crossing position signal can accurately reflect the flat shoulder of electric current in low frequency signal, be achieved in failure
Electric arc more accurately detects.
2, the present invention judges further to increase knot according to high frequency amplitude and slope there are after fault electric arc when controller
Fruit value, when end value reaches given threshold, controller just issues unhook order, so that the work of breaker is more stable, reduces
The possibility of wrong report.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of embodiment.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of embodiment working principle.
Appended drawing reference: 1, sensor, 2, controller, 3, analog-digital converter, 4, uncoupling rigging.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.The present embodiment is with technical solution of the present invention
Premised on implemented, the detailed implementation method and specific operation process are given, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to
Following embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiments provide a kind of fault electric arc breaker, including it is sensor 1, analog-digital converter 3, fixed
When device (not shown), controller 2 and uncoupling rigging 4.Wherein, sensor 1 is used to connect the firewire (L) in circuit system.
Sensor 1 is used to acquire electric current by the current signal on firewire using current sensor 1, which combines
Circuit will be converted to the low-voltage signal that can be sampled to analog-digital converter 3 by the current signal of firewire.
Analog-digital converter 3 (ADC) reception low-voltage signal is converted to digital signal and sends controller 2 to.
Timer is used to configure the sample frequency of analog-digital converter 3, the timers trigger digital analog converter sampling of 12.8kHz
Data, so that 20ms is just acquired 256 times.
Controller 2 uses commercially available single-chip microcontroller, and Cortex-M4 kernel single-chip microcontroller can be used, and a system in the present invention can be performed
Column algorithm, and control signal is exported to tripping mechanism.
Uncoupling rigging 4 generally uses electromagnetic coil or relay, uses relay in the present embodiment, tripping mechanism obtains
The disconnection of circuit can be achieved after the tripping order that single-chip microcontroller issues.
Detection method of this example to fault electric arc specifically:
Step S1. acquires the current signal on firewire, and is converted into digital signal；
Digital signal is decomposed into a low frequency signal and a high-frequency signal by wavelet transformation by step S2.；
The expression formula of small echo are as follows:
Wherein, Ψ (t) is a given basic function, also known as wavelet or morther wavelet.A in formula, b are normal
Number, and a > 0.B is time shift (displacement), and a is scale factor (flexible).Ψa,bIt (t) is morther wavelet shifted (b) and flexible (a) institute
The one group of function generated, referred to as wavelet basis function or abbreviation wavelet basis.
The expression formula of continuous wavelet transform (CWT) are as follows:
Wherein, x (t) is Setting signal, WTx(a, b) is the continuous wavelet transform of signal x (t).For a composite signal
F (t)=fLow frequency(t)+fHigh frequency(t) wavelet transformation is carried out, is obtained:
WTx(a, b)=WTLow frequency(a,b)+WTHigh frequency(a, b) wherein, WTLow frequency(a, b) is pure low frequency signal, because of low frequency part
Modulus maximum of the signal after orthogonal wavelet transformation under each scale.And WTHigh frequency(a, b) is HF noise signal, because of radio-frequency head
Sub-signal is still white noise after orthogonal wavelet transformation.
Step S3. judges whether high-frequency signal is more than the threshold value of setting point by point, if so, thening follow the steps S4；If it is not, then holding
Row step S1；
Step S4. carries out Least Square in Processing to the zero crossing position signal of low frequency signal and is fitted on a coordinate
Oblique line obtains the slope at its zero crossing, judges whether the slope is more than the threshold value of setting, if so, thening follow the steps S1；If
No, then there are fault electric arcs for judgement.
Least square method is equation of linear regression:
The slope of its fitting a straight line are as follows:
Wherein, y represents sampled data, and x represents sampling instant, and b represents intercept.
Step S5. increases result (Result) value according to high frequency amplitude and slope；Amplitude is bigger, and end value increase is got over
It is more；Multi slope is smaller, and end value increase is more；When end value reaches given threshold, then controller 2 issues order of breaking off relations.As a result
The expression formula of value R are as follows:
Wherein, fHigh frequencyIt (t) is high-frequency signal, k is zero crossing slope.
It converts program for above-mentioned detection method to be pre-loaded into the controller of fault electric arc breaker, specific work is former
Reason is as shown in Figure 2.
1, after single-chip microcontroller starting, the sample frequency and direct memory access data transmission module of configuration ADC, timer
(DMA)；
2,12.8kHz timers trigger ADC sampled data；256 just 20ms；
3, ADC sampled data is continuously stored in the buffer area of a 256*16bits by DMA；
4, when being filled with 256*16bits, buffer area data are copied into another buffer area buffer [256]；
5, buffer [256] data are done into DWT (wavelet transformation), obtains low frequency part DWT_L_data [256] and high frequency
Part DWT_H_data [256]；
6, whether point-by-point comparison high frequency section DWT_H_data [256] is more than that (value needs repetition test to threshold value Limit_H
It obtains, is influenced by circuit)；
7, the slope at low frequency part DWT_L_data [256] zero crossing is calculated, if be less than threshold value Limit_K (value
It needs repetition test to obtain, is influenced by circuit)；
If 8, high frequency amplitude superthreshold Limit_H, while zero crossing slope would be less than threshold value Limit_K, then judges this week
There is arc fault in phase；
9, if there is fault electric arc, according to high frequency amplitude size, slope size increases Result value；Amplitude is bigger,
Result increase is more, and slope is smaller, and Result increases more；
10, when Result value reaches a threshold value (value adds ratio to adjust by step 9 abruptly increase), then tripping is executed.
The preferred embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail above.It should be appreciated that those skilled in the art without
It needs creative work according to the present invention can conceive and makes many modifications and variations.Therefore, all technologies in the art
Personnel are available by logical analysis, reasoning, or a limited experiment on the basis of existing technology under this invention's idea
Technical solution, all should be within the scope of protection determined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of detection method of fault electric arc, which is characterized in that specifically includes the following steps:
S1. the current signal on firewire is acquired, and is converted into digital signal；
S2. digital signal is decomposed into a low frequency signal and a high-frequency signal by wavelet transformation；
S3. judge whether high-frequency signal is more than the threshold value of setting point by point, if so, thening follow the steps S4；If it is not, thening follow the steps
S1；
S4. Least Square in Processing is carried out to the zero crossing position signal of low frequency signal and is fitted to the oblique line on a coordinate, obtained
Slope at its zero crossing, judges whether the slope is more than the threshold value of setting, if so, thening follow the steps S1；If it is not, then judging
There are fault electric arcs.
2. the detection method of fault electric arc according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the expression formula of small echo are as follows:
Wherein, ΨA, bIt (t) is one group of function caused by morther wavelet is shifted and flexible, b is time shift, and a is scale factor, a, b
It is constant, and a > 0；
The expression formula of continuous wavelet transform CWT are as follows:
Wherein, x (t) is Setting signal, WTx(a, b) is the continuous wavelet transform of signal x (t).One composite signal is carried out
Wavelet transformation obtains:
WTx(a, b)=WTLow frequency(a, b)+WTHigh frequency(a, b)
Wherein, WTLow frequency(a, b) is pure low frequency signal, WTHigh frequency(a, b) is HF noise signal.
3. the detection method of fault electric arc according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the least square method is linear
Regression equation:
Y=kx+b
The slope of its fitting a straight line are as follows:
Wherein, y represents sampled data, and x represents sampling instant, and b represents intercept.
4. a kind of fault electric arc breaker of the detection method using the fault electric arc as described in claims 1 to 3 is any, special
Sign is, comprising:
Sensor for acquiring the current signal on firewire, and is converted into low-voltage signal；
Analog-digital converter is converted to digital signal for receiving low-voltage signal and sends controller to；
Timer, for configuring the sample frequency of analog-digital converter；
Controller, the controller perform the steps of when executing pre-set programs
Point by point judge high-frequency signal whether be more than setting threshold value；If so, continue to low frequency signal zero crossing position signal into
Row Least Square in Processing obtains the slope at its zero crossing, judges whether the slope is more than the threshold value of setting, if it is not, then sentencing
It is disconnected that there are fault electric arcs.
5. fault electric arc breaker according to claim 4, which is characterized in that further include uncoupling rigging, for receiving control
The unhook order that device processed issues realizes that circuit disconnects.
6. fault electric arc breaker according to claim 5, which is characterized in that when there are fault electric arcs for controller judgement
Afterwards, end value is increased according to high-frequency signal and slope；Amplitude is bigger, as a result increases more；Multi slope is smaller, as a result increases and gets over
It is more；When end value reaches given threshold, then controller issues order of breaking off relations.
7. fault electric arc breaker according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the timers trigger digital-to-analogue of 12.8kHz turns
Parallel operation sampled data, 20ms are acquired 256 times.
8. fault electric arc breaker according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the controller is single-chip microcontroller.
9. fault electric arc breaker according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the tripping mechanism be electromagnetic coil or
Relay.
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Cited By (10)
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| CN110568329A (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-13 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Arc detection method, household appliance and computer readable storage medium |
| CN110632550A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2019-12-31 | 威胜集团有限公司 | Method, circuit and device for detecting poor contact of terminals of smart electric meter |
| CN110716110A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-21 | 威胜集团有限公司 | Electrical safety detection device, detection method and intelligent socket |
| CN111208465A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-05-29 | 天津市中力神盾电子科技有限公司 | Self-checking circuit for fault arc detection device and fault arc self-checking method |
| CN111257684A (en) * | 2020-04-01 | 2020-06-09 | 浙江人民电器有限公司 | Arc fault detection method and system |
| CN111342434A (en) * | 2020-02-28 | 2020-06-26 | 上海良信电器股份有限公司 | Fault analysis method of circuit breaker, circuit breaker and intelligent power distribution system |
| CN113917294A (en) * | 2021-09-25 | 2022-01-11 | 湖北创全电气有限公司 | Intelligent self-adaptive arc detection method based on wavelet decomposition and application device thereof |
| CN115728627A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-03-03 | 上海新联合电气有限公司 | Electric sound contact fault is judgement system in advance |
| CN118549778A (en) * | 2024-07-29 | 2024-08-27 | 德力西电气有限公司 | Fault arc identification method, circuit and computer readable storage medium |
| CN118962273A (en) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-11-15 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司淮安供电分公司 | Electrical equipment leakage detection system of transformer substation |
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| CN110716110A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-21 | 威胜集团有限公司 | Electrical safety detection device, detection method and intelligent socket |
| CN111208465A (en) * | 2020-01-22 | 2020-05-29 | 天津市中力神盾电子科技有限公司 | Self-checking circuit for fault arc detection device and fault arc self-checking method |
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| CN115728627A (en) * | 2022-10-09 | 2023-03-03 | 上海新联合电气有限公司 | Electric sound contact fault is judgement system in advance |
| CN118962273A (en) * | 2024-06-27 | 2024-11-15 | 国网江苏省电力有限公司淮安供电分公司 | Electrical equipment leakage detection system of transformer substation |
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Application publication date: 20190621 |