CN109900919B - Columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor - Google Patents
Columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor Download PDFInfo
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- CN109900919B CN109900919B CN201910189216.XA CN201910189216A CN109900919B CN 109900919 B CN109900919 B CN 109900919B CN 201910189216 A CN201910189216 A CN 201910189216A CN 109900919 B CN109900919 B CN 109900919B
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Abstract
The invention provides a columnar vortex-induced speed and vibration measurement sensor for a heat exchange tube, wherein two ends of a column body of the columnar vortex-induced speed and vibration measurement sensor are provided with connectors for connection; three rows of speed measuring static pressure holes are formed in the outer wall of the cylinder body along the central axis of the cylinder body; two rows of vibration measuring main pressure sensing holes forming an included angle of +/-85 degrees with the first row of speed measuring static pressure hole bodies and two rows of vibration measuring auxiliary pressure sensing holes forming an included angle of +/-115 degrees with the first row of speed measuring static pressure hole bodies are further arranged on the outer wall of the column body along the central axis of the column body. The device forms a part of the heat exchange tube after being installed without causing additional disturbance of a surrounding flow field, and can truly measure the vortex frequency when fluid scours the heat exchange tube and the magnitude and direction angle of local incoming flow velocity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor, and belongs to the field of sensors.
Background
The shell-and-tube heat exchanger has the advantages of simple structure, large heat transfer surface, capability of bearing high pressure and high temperature, convenience in operation and management and the like, has high reliability and wide adaptability, and is widely applied to the industries such as chemical industry, petrochemical industry, power, nuclear energy and the like. The heat transfer pipe in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is in the environment of a primary side coolant and a secondary side steam-water mixture for a long time and is used as a pressure boundary of a primary loop coolant, and the risk of vibration and abrasion failure caused by flow-induced vibration exists. In recent years, with the increase of the flow velocity of fluid in the shell-and-tube heat exchanger and the increase of flexibility of the heat exchange tube due to the increase of the size of the heat exchanger, the accidents of vibration and damage of the shell-and-tube heat exchange tube have increased. Once a heat transfer pipe of a large number of large shell-and-tube heat exchangers is damaged, huge economic loss can be caused, and serious harm can be caused to the safety of the public even in some special fields such as nuclear power fields. In San Onofre nuclear power plants, california, usa, there are losses of over 3 billion dollars due to wear failure of heat transfer tubes due to flow induced vibration in the steam generator, causing system downtime. From the 70 s of the 20 th century, our country has also experienced the problem of tube vibration in chemical plants, power plants, sugar factories, heat exchangers of nuclear reactors, waste heat boilers and air preheaters in the places such as Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, Jia mu si, Fushun, Garden, Qin Huang island, etc. In view of the huge equipment and maintenance cost and related safety problems, the flow-induced vibration problem must be considered in the early design stage and the operation process of the heat exchange tube so as to prevent the natural frequency of the heat exchange tube from being coupled with the fluid excitation to cause serious vibration damage.
The important thing in the fluid excitation of the heat exchange tube is vortex shedding excitation, and when the tube flows transversely, periodic shedding vortices (karman vortex street) may be generated on the surface of the circular tube, so that periodic fluid force is formed, and the tube vibrates. If the vortex shedding frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the tube, resonance of the tube is induced. At present, an acceleration sensor is generally arranged at an important position of a heat exchange tube to measure the vibration of the heat exchange tube in a heat exchange tube flow induced vibration test. On one hand, a sensor is arranged outside the heat exchange tube, so that the external flow field of the heat exchange tube is interfered, and extra fluid excitation is formed, so that false vibration excitation is generated; on the other hand, the sensor arranged outside the heat exchange tube has additional mass on the heat exchange tube, and can influence the natural frequency of the heat exchange tube, so that the real vibration response is influenced. In addition, many inner layer heat exchange tubes cannot be subjected to relevant flow induced vibration tests due to the fact that the inner layer heat exchange tubes cannot meet the installation requirements of external sensors.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects and requirements in the prior art, the invention provides a columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor which forms a part of a heat exchange tube after being installed without causing extra disturbance of a surrounding flow field and can truly measure the vortex-induced frequency when fluid scours the heat exchange tube and the magnitude and direction angle of local incoming flow velocity. After the sensor is installed, the influence of extra additional mass on the original heat exchange tube is avoided, and the vibration response of the heat exchange tube can be truly reflected. The sensor has no requirement on external installation space, and can measure the flow-induced vibration of the heat exchange pipe at any position.
(II) technical scheme
A columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor is provided, wherein two ends of a column body are provided with connectors for connection; three rows of speed measuring static pressure holes are formed in the outer wall of the cylinder body along the central axis of the cylinder body, and hole bodies of the speed measuring static pressure holes are distributed along the radial direction of the cylinder body; the first row of speed measuring static pressure holes are positioned at the front stagnation point, and the hole bodies of the second row of speed measuring static pressure holes and the third row of speed measuring static pressure holes are arranged at included angles of +/-45 degrees with the hole bodies of the first row of speed measuring static pressure holes respectively; three rows of speed measuring static pressure holes are respectively communicated to corresponding speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavities, the three speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavities are all communicated with the connectors at the upper ends, and the central axes of the three speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavities are parallel to the central axis of the cylinder.
Two rows of vibration measuring main pressure sensing holes forming an included angle of +/-85 degrees with the first row of speed measuring static pressure hole bodies are further arranged on the outer wall of the column body along the central axis of the column body, and the two rows of vibration measuring main pressure sensing holes are respectively communicated to corresponding cavities along the radial direction of the column body; the two cavities are communicated with the connectors at the upper ends, and the central axes of the two cavities are parallel to the central axis of the column body.
Two rows of vibration measurement auxiliary pressure sensing holes forming included angles of +/-115 degrees with the first row of speed measurement static pressure hole bodies are further arranged on the outer wall of the column body along the central axis of the column body, and the two rows of vibration measurement auxiliary pressure sensing holes are communicated to the nearby cavity along the radial direction of the column body.
The section of each speed-measuring pressure-equalizing cavity is circular and has the same diameter.
The section of the cavity in the cylinder is fan-shaped, and the arc surface of the fan-shaped cavity and the arc surface of the outer wall of the cylinder have the same circle center; the cross section of the cavity in the connector at the upper end is circular.
A retaining wall for separating the two cavities is arranged between the two cavities, and a plurality of pressure guide holes communicated with the two cavities are arranged in the retaining wall along the radial direction of the column body.
The pressure difference detection unit for detecting the columnar vortex-induced speed and vibration measurement sensor comprises a static pressure difference detection unit and a dynamic pressure difference detection unit, any two of the three speed and pressure measurement chambers are connected to the first static pressure difference detection unit through corresponding pressure transmission pipes, and any other two of the three speed and pressure measurement chambers are connected to the second static pressure difference detection unit through corresponding pressure transmission pipes; the two cavities are connected to a dynamic pressure difference detection unit through corresponding pressure transmission pipes.
The external diameter of the connector of upper end is greater than the external diameter of the connector of lower extreme, and both all with treat the pipe fitting internal diameter adaptation of connecting, the external diameter of cylinder is unanimous with the pipe fitting external diameter of treating the connection.
The pipe fitting to be connected is a heat exchange pipe.
The pressure transmission pipe is led out of the heat exchanger through the inside of the heat exchange pipe; the static pressure difference detection unit and the dynamic pressure difference detection unit are arranged outside the heat exchanger.
(III) advantageous effects
The columnar vortex-induced speed and vibration measurement sensor for the heat exchange tube, provided by the invention, forms a part of the heat exchange tube after being installed without causing extra disturbance of a surrounding flow field, and can truly measure the vortex-induced frequency when fluid scours the heat exchange tube and the magnitude and direction angle of local incoming flow speed. After the sensor is installed, the influence of extra additional mass on the original heat exchange tube is avoided, and the vibration response of the heat exchange tube can be truly reflected. The sensor has no requirement on external installation space, and can measure the flow-induced vibration of the heat exchange pipe at any position.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor according to the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a side view of a cylindrical vortex-induced vibration measurement sensor of the present invention in two directions and an end view of the upper end face.
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along the line A-A, the line B-B and the line C-C in FIG. 2.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a connection between a cylindrical vortex-induced vibration measurement sensor and a differential pressure measurement unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the connection between a cylindrical vortex-induced vibration measurement sensor and a heat exchange tube.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the cylindrical vortex-induced vibration measurement sensor according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1-cylinder, 2-velocity static pressure hole, 3-vibration measurement main pressure hole, 3A-first vibration measurement main pressure hole, 3B-second vibration measurement main pressure hole, 3C-third vibration measurement main pressure hole, 4-vibration measurement auxiliary pressure hole, 4A-first vibration measurement auxiliary pressure hole, 4B-second vibration measurement auxiliary pressure hole, 5-retaining wall, 6-cavity, 6A-first cavity, 6B-second cavity, 7-pressure guide hole, 8-velocity pressure equalizing cavity, 8A-first velocity pressure equalizing cavity, 8B-second velocity pressure equalizing cavity, 8C-third velocity pressure equalizing cavity, 9-pressure transmitting tube, 10-static pressure difference detecting unit, 10A-first static pressure difference detecting unit, 10B-second static pressure difference detecting unit, 11-dynamic pressure difference detecting unit; 12-connector, 13-heat exchange tube.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1-3, the invention relates to a columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor, wherein two ends of a column body 1 of the sensor are provided with connectors 12 for connection; three rows of speed measuring static pressure holes 2 are formed in the outer wall of the cylinder 1 along the central axis of the cylinder 1, and hole bodies of the speed measuring static pressure holes 2 are distributed along the radial direction of the cylinder 1; the first row of speed measuring static pressure holes 2A are positioned at the front stagnation point, and the hole bodies of the second row of speed measuring static pressure holes 2A and the third row of speed measuring static pressure holes 2C are arranged at included angles of +/-45 degrees with the hole bodies of the first row of speed measuring static pressure holes 2A respectively; three rows of speed measuring static pressure holes 2 are respectively communicated to corresponding speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavities 8, the three speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavities 8 are all communicated with the connector 12 at the upper end, and the central axis of the three speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavities 8 is parallel to the central axis of the cylinder 1. The three speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavities 8 are correspondingly a first speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavity 8A, a second speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavity 8B and a third speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavity 8C.
Two rows of vibration measuring main pressure sensing holes 3 which form an included angle of +/-85 degrees with the hole body of the first row of speed measuring static pressure holes 2A are further formed in the outer wall of the cylinder 1 along the central axis of the cylinder 1, and the two rows of vibration measuring main pressure sensing holes 3 are respectively communicated to corresponding cavities 6 along the radial direction of the cylinder 1; the two cavities 6 are both through the upper end connector 12, and the central axes thereof are parallel to the central axis of the column body 1. The two cavities 6 are a first cavity 6A and a second cavity 6B, respectively.
Two rows of vibration measurement auxiliary pressure sensing holes 4 which form included angles of +/-115 degrees with the first row of speed measurement static pressure holes 2A are further formed in the outer wall of the cylinder 1 along the central axis of the cylinder 1, and the two rows of vibration measurement auxiliary pressure sensing holes 4 are communicated to the nearby cavity 6 along the radial direction of the cylinder 1. The two rows of vibration measurement auxiliary pressure sensing holes 4 are a first vibration measurement auxiliary pressure sensing hole 4A and a second vibration measurement auxiliary pressure sensing hole 4B correspondingly.
The section of each speed measuring and pressure equalizing cavity 8 is circular and has the same diameter.
The section of the cavity 6 in the cylinder 1 is fan-shaped, and the arc surface of the fan-shaped has the same circle center as the arc surface of the outer wall of the cylinder 1; the cavity 6 is circular in cross-section in the upper end of the connecting head 12.
A retaining wall 5 for separating the two cavities 6 is arranged between the two cavities 6, and a plurality of pressure guide holes 7 for communicating the two cavities 6 are arranged in the retaining wall 5 along the radial direction of the column body 1.
The pressure guide holes 7 are provided in a plurality.
Referring to fig. 4-5, the pressure difference detection unit for detecting the columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor includes a static pressure difference detection unit 10 and a dynamic pressure difference detection unit 11, any two of the three velocity-measurement pressure-equalizing chambers 8 are connected to the first static pressure difference detection unit 10A through corresponding pressure transmission pipes 9, and any other two of the three velocity-measurement pressure-equalizing chambers 8 are connected to the second static pressure difference detection unit 10B through corresponding pressure transmission pipes 9; the two cavities 6 are connected to a dynamic pressure difference detection unit 11 through respective pressure transmission pipes 9. The average deflection angle and the speed value of the incoming flow relative to the stagnation point of the columnar vortex-induced velocity-measuring vibration-measuring sensor can be obtained by detecting the differential pressure value between any two of the three velocity-measuring pressure-equalizing cavities 8 and according to a performance curve calibrated in advance by the columnar vortex-induced velocity-measuring vibration-measuring sensor.
The external diameter of the upper end connector 12 is larger than that of the lower end connector 12, the upper end connector and the lower end connector are both matched with the internal diameter of the pipe to be connected, and the external diameter of the column body 1 is consistent with that of the pipe to be connected. Thereby ensuring that the pipe fitting is connected into a whole without any interference to an external flow field. The pipe to be connected is a heat exchange pipe 13. The pressure transfer pipe 9 is led out to the outside of the heat exchanger through the inside of the heat exchange pipe 13. The static pressure difference detection unit 10 and the dynamic pressure difference detection unit 11 are arranged outside the heat exchanger, so that the influence of high temperature inside the heat exchanger on the detection unit is isolated, and the real-time operation of a tester in the test process is facilitated.
Referring to fig. 6, the working principle of the columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor of the present invention is as follows:
after the cross flow F flows through the column body 1, the karman vortex street which falls off alternately can be formed in a certain flow velocity range, at the moment, only one side of the column body 1 is attached with the vortex, the pressure of one side of the vortex attached with the vortex is higher than that of one side of the vortex falling off, and the karman vortex street which falls off alternately can lead to the pressure of the induction holes on the two sides of the column body 1 to change alternately. The first cavity 6A is communicated with the first vibration measurement main pressure sensing hole 3A, the second cavity 6B is communicated with the second vibration measurement main pressure sensing hole 3B, and the frequency of pressure alternation at two sides of the main pressure sensing hole can be known by detecting the frequency of pressure difference change between the first cavity 6A and the second cavity 6B, so that the vortex shedding frequency can be known. A retaining wall 5 is placed inside the column 1 to separate the two cavities 6. The first cavity 6A is communicated with the first vibration measurement main pressure sensing hole 3A along the radial direction, and the second cavity 6B is communicated with the second vibration measurement main pressure sensing hole 3B along the radial direction, so that the pressure sensed by each pressure sensing hole along the axial direction of the column body 1 is uniform and consistent. The first cavity 6A is communicated with the second cavity 6B through a pressure guide hole 7, and the pressure guide hole 7 has the function of controlling the stable vortex street to fall off.
When the vortex on one side of the cylinder 1 falls off, the local pressure becomes small, the fluid in the cylinder 1 flows to the falling side of the vortex from the attached side of the vortex, at this moment, the first vibration measurement main pressure sensing hole 3A is a suction side, and the second vibration measurement main pressure sensing hole 3B is a blowing side. On the suction side, the vortex separation is effectively controlled from the first vibration detection main pressure sensing hole 3A to the first vibration detection auxiliary pressure sensing hole 4A; at the side of blowing off, begin to form the swirl from second vibration measurement main pressure sensing hole 3B department, and swirl intensity obtains fully strengthening in the motion process to second vibration measurement auxiliary pressure sensing hole 4B, and like this, the cylinder 1 both sides flow through the pressure-equalizing action of cavity 6 and the control action of pressure guide hole 7, can realize that the swirl separates in the main pressure sensing hole 3 position department of vibration measurement along 1 axial synchronization of cylinder and separation point control, and when there is the contained angle of certain limit in sensor installation direction and incoming flow direction, vibration measurement main pressure sensing hole 3 still can detect vortex street and drop.
Claims (5)
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| CN201910189216.XA CN109900919B (en) | 2019-03-13 | 2019-03-13 | Columnar vortex-induced velocity and vibration measurement sensor |
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| CN109900919B true CN109900919B (en) | 2021-03-23 |
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| CN114432963B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-12-27 | 江苏丰尚智能科技有限公司 | Granulation machine and running state monitoring method thereof |
| CN114459549B (en) * | 2022-02-10 | 2024-05-10 | 北京强度环境研究所 | Large-range angle self-adaptive uniform velocity tube flowmeter |
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| RU2135971C1 (en) * | 1998-07-06 | 1999-08-27 | Центральный аэрогидродинамический институт им.проф.Н.Е.Жуковского | Air pressure transducer |
| JP2004163219A (en) * | 2002-11-12 | 2004-06-10 | Hitachi Cable Ltd | Optical fiber riverbed scouring / velocity sensor and riverbed scouring / velocity measurement system |
| FR2960596B1 (en) * | 2010-05-25 | 2014-05-02 | Turbomeca | DEVICE FOR THE MULTIPURPOSE ACQUISITION / DISTRIBUTION OF FLUID, IN PARTICULAR PRESSURE TAKING PROBE IN A TURBOMACHINE AIR INLET |
| DE202010007801U1 (en) * | 2010-06-10 | 2010-09-02 | Woelke Industrieelektronik Gmbh | Device for measuring the velocity of a fluid |
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