CN109899481B - Helical gear and transmission mechanism with same - Google Patents
Helical gear and transmission mechanism with same Download PDFInfo
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- CN109899481B CN109899481B CN201910223859.1A CN201910223859A CN109899481B CN 109899481 B CN109899481 B CN 109899481B CN 201910223859 A CN201910223859 A CN 201910223859A CN 109899481 B CN109899481 B CN 109899481B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bevel gear and a transmission mechanism with the same, wherein the bevel gear comprises a gear ring with a plurality of gear teeth, a web plate and a gear shaft, the gear shaft penetrates through the web plate and is connected with the web plate, and one side surface of the web plate is provided with a reinforcing part; the gear comprises a plane A perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft and bisecting the web and a plane B perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft and bisecting each gear tooth, wherein the plane A is offset by a set distance relative to the plane B in the axial direction of the gear shaft, and the plane A and the reinforcing part are positioned on the same side of the plane B. The transmission mechanism comprises at least one bevel gear, and the offset direction of the plane A of the bevel gear relative to the plane B is consistent with the direction of the axial force applied to the bevel gear. The invention has the advantages of light weight, good load balancing performance, simple and compact structure, easy processing and manufacturing, and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of transmission parts, in particular to a bevel gear and a transmission mechanism with the same.
Background
The helical gear is widely applied to the aerospace field due to the advantages of high self-overlap ratio, strong bearing capacity and the like. However, because the aviation equipment has the requirements of light weight and high strength on parts, the web plates of the traditional aviation bevel gears are designed into thin plate structures with two sides perpendicular to the gear shafts, the web plates of the thin plate structures are positioned in the middle position of the tooth widths (namely, planes perpendicular to the gear shafts and bisecting the web plates coincide with planes perpendicular to the gear shafts and bisecting gear teeth), and a plurality of lightening holes are formed in the web plates so as to reduce the quality of the bevel gears, and therefore the flexibility of the web plates of the bevel gears is greatly increased. Due to the structural characteristics of the bevel gear, an axial force action can be generated inevitably in the meshing process, so that the web plate of the bevel gear is easy to generate larger bending deformation under the action of the axial force and the torque, a serious unbalanced load phenomenon occurs, the due meshing rigidity requirement can not be ensured, the service performance of the bevel gear is reduced, and even the whole aviation equipment is invalid or even damaged.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects existing in the prior art and providing the helical gear which is light in weight, good in uniform load performance, simple and compact in structure and easy to process and manufacture and the transmission mechanism with the helical gear.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the bevel gear comprises a gear ring with a plurality of gear teeth, a web plate and a gear shaft, wherein the gear shaft penetrates through the web plate and is connected with the web plate, and one side surface of the web plate is provided with a reinforcing part; the gear comprises a plane A perpendicular to the gear shaft axis and bisecting the web and a plane B perpendicular to the gear shaft axis and bisecting each gear tooth, wherein the plane A is offset by a set distance relative to the plane B in the gear shaft axial direction, and the plane A and the reinforcing part are positioned on the same side of the plane B.
As a further improvement of the helical gear:
The set distance is 1/8 to 1/6 of the tooth width of the helical gear.
The reinforcing part is conical, and the axis of the conical reinforcing part coincides with the axis of the gear shaft.
The side surface of the web plate provided with the reinforcing part is integrally arranged into a conical surface and forms the reinforcing part.
The included angle between the side surface of the reinforcing part and the plane A is less than or equal to 5 degrees.
The radius of the web is 200-300 mm, the thickness of the web is less than or equal to 14 mm, and the tooth width of the bevel gear is 40-50 mm.
The web plate is provided with a plurality of lightening holes which are uniformly distributed around the gear shaft.
The side of the web opposite to the reinforcing part is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft.
A transmission mechanism comprises at least one bevel gear, and the offset direction of a plane A of the bevel gear relative to a plane B is consistent with the direction of the axial force applied to the bevel gear.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: according to the helical gear, the reinforcing part is arranged on one side surface of the web plate, the plane A perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft and bisecting the web plate is offset by a set distance in the axial direction of the gear shaft relative to the plane B perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft and bisecting each gear tooth, and the plane A and the reinforcing part are positioned on the same side of the plane B. The device has the advantages of light weight, simple and compact structure and easy processing and manufacturing.
The transmission mechanism adopts the bevel gear, and the offset direction of the plane A of the bevel gear relative to the plane B is consistent with the axial force direction born by the bevel gear, so that the load performance of the bevel gear can be improved, the meshing stiffness requirement is ensured, and the stability, the reliability and the service life of the transmission mechanism are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a d-set helical gear.
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a helical gear set a.
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a helical gear of group b.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bevel gear of group c.
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the e-set helical gear.
Fig. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the f-group helical gear.
FIG. 7 is a graph of the transmission error of a-f helical gears.
FIG. 8 is a graph of the meshing stiffness of a-f helical gears.
FIG. 9 is a graph of the maximum contact stress of the reinforcement in the bevel gears of groups a-c.
FIG. 10 is a graph of the maximum contact stress of the reinforcement in the d-f set of helical gears.
FIG. 11 is a graph showing the maximum contact stress of the helical gear as a function of the taper angle of the reinforcement.
FIG. 12 is a graph of the transmission error after each set of helical gear webs has been translated.
FIG. 13 is a graph of the mesh stiffness after translation of each set of helical gear webs.
FIG. 14 is a graph of the first maximum contact stress after each set of helical webs has been translated.
FIG. 15 is a graph of the second maximum contact stress after each set of helical webs has been translated.
FIG. 16 is a cloud of maximum contact stress for a helical gear of the present invention.
Fig. 17 is a graph showing the maximum contact stress cloud of a conventional helical gear.
Fig. 18 is a schematic perspective view of the helical gear of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the helical gear of the present invention.
Legend description:
1. A gear ring; 11. gear teeth; 2. a web; 21. a reinforcing part; 3. a gear shaft; 4. reinforcing structure.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
As shown in fig. 18 and 19, the helical gear of the present embodiment includes a ring gear 1 having a plurality of teeth 11, a web 2, and a gear shaft 3, the gear shaft 3 penetrating the web 2 and being connected to the web 2, one side of the web 2 being provided with a reinforcing portion 21; having a plane a perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft 3 and bisecting the web 2 and a plane B perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft 3 and bisecting each gear tooth 11, the plane a being offset a set distance in the axial direction of the gear shaft 3 with respect to the plane B, and the plane a and the reinforcing portion 21 being located on the same side of the plane B. The bevel gear is provided with the reinforcing part 21 on one side surface of the web plate 2, meanwhile, a plane A perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft 3 and bisecting the web plate 2 is offset a set distance in the axial direction of the gear shaft 3 relative to a plane B perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft 3 and bisecting each gear tooth 11, and the plane A and the reinforcing part 21 are positioned on the same side of the plane B. The device has the advantages of light weight, simple and compact structure and easy processing and manufacturing.
In this embodiment, the set distance of the plane a offset in the axial direction of the gear shaft 3 relative to the plane B is 1/8 to 1/6 of the tooth width of the helical gear, and in this offset distance range, the helical gear has optimal load balancing performance and meshing performance.
In this embodiment, the reinforcing portion 21 is conical, and the axis of the conical reinforcing portion 21 coincides with the axis of the gear shaft 3, and the reinforcing portion 21 is formed in a conical shape, so that the quality of the helical gear can be further reduced when the same load balancing performance is satisfied. In the axial direction of the gear shaft 3 in a direction away from the plane a, the diameter of the conical reinforcement 21 gradually decreases.
In this embodiment, the side surface of the web 2 provided with the reinforcing portion 21 is entirely provided as a conical surface and forms the reinforcing portion 21, so that the quality of the helical gear is minimized while satisfying the same load sharing performance.
In this embodiment, the angle θ between the side surface of the reinforcing portion 21 and the plane a is 5 ° or less. The uniform load performance of the helical gear shows monotonous increasing rule along with the increase of the included angle theta, but the larger the included angle theta is, the larger the helical gear quality is, the lighter the weight index requirement is, and the value of the included angle theta is as large as possible on the premise of meeting the maximum upper limit of the quality. When the included angle theta is smaller than 5 degrees, a better compromise can be obtained between the uniform load performance and the light weight requirement.
In this embodiment, the radius of the web 2 is 200-300 mm, the thickness of the web 2 is less than or equal to 14 mm, and the tooth width of the bevel gear is 40-50 mm.
In this embodiment, the web 2 is provided with a plurality of lightening holes, and the lightening holes are uniformly distributed around the gear shaft 3, so that the quality of the helical gear can be reduced.
In this embodiment, the opposite side of the web 2 to the reinforcing portion 21 is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft 3, which is beneficial to reducing the weight of the helical gear and reducing the manufacturing difficulty.
A transmission mechanism comprises at least one bevel gear, wherein the bevel gear is meshed with a transmission part in the transmission mechanism for transmission, the transmission part can be a bevel gear or a worm and the like, and in the transmission mechanism, the offset direction of a plane A of the bevel gear relative to a plane B is consistent with the direction of axial force applied to the bevel gear, so that the load performance of the bevel gear can be improved, and the meshing rigidity requirement is ensured.
Simulation analysis proves that the helical gear adopting the embodiment can improve the uniform load performance and the meshing stiffness of the helical gear:
The basic parameters of the helical gear are analyzed: the number of teeth 11 is 115, the modulus is 2.75, the pressure angle is 22.5 degrees, the helix angle is 30 degrees, the tooth width is 47 millimeters, the load is 500 nm, the thickness of the web plate 2 is 14 millimeters, and the number of lightening holes is 7.
Drawing and generating six groups of bevel gears with different structural forms a-f by using CAD software in combination with basic parameters of the bevel gears, wherein a plane A perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft 3 and bisecting the web plate 2 in the six groups of bevel gears coincides with a plane B perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft 3 and bisecting each gear tooth 11, and the three bevel gears are characterized in that:
The group a is a bevel gear with conical reinforcing parts 21 arranged on two side surfaces of a web plate 2, the diameter of each conical reinforcing part 21 gradually decreases along the direction gradually away from a plane A in the axial direction of a gear shaft 3, and an included angle theta = 5 degrees between the side surface of each conical reinforcing part 21 and the plane A is shown in fig. 2; this set of bevel gears is referred to as a double sided lower tapered design bevel gear.
The group b is a bevel gear with a reinforcing structure 4 with conical holes on two side surfaces of the web plate 2, the diameter of the conical holes gradually increases along the direction gradually away from the plane A in the axial direction of the gear shaft 3, wherein the included angle theta = 5 degrees between the inner wall of the conical holes and the plane A is shown in fig. 3; this set of bevel gears is referred to as a double sided upper cone design bevel gear.
The group c is a bevel gear provided with a reinforcing structure 4 with a conical hole on one side surface of the web plate 2, the diameter of the conical hole gradually increases along the direction gradually away from the plane A in the axial direction of the gear shaft 3, the reinforcing structure 4 is positioned on one side of the web plate 2 corresponding to the axial force direction of the bevel gear, wherein an included angle theta = 5 degrees between the inner wall of the conical hole and the plane A is shown in fig. 4; the bevel gears are designed in a conical structure on one side of the shaft in the positive direction.
The group d is a bevel gear provided with a conical reinforcing part 21 on one side surface of the web plate 2, the diameter of the conical reinforcing part 21 gradually decreases along the direction gradually away from the plane A in the axial direction of the gear shaft 3, and the conical reinforcing part 21 is positioned on one side of the web plate 2 corresponding to the axial force direction of the bevel gear, wherein an included angle theta = 5 degrees between the side surface of the conical reinforcing part 21 and the plane A is shown in fig. 1; the bevel gears are designed into bevel gears with a conical structure under the forward direction of the shaft.
The e group is a bevel gear with a conical reinforcing part 21 arranged on one side of a web 2, the diameter of the conical reinforcing part 21 gradually decreases along the direction gradually away from a plane A in the axial direction of the gear shaft 3, and the conical reinforcing part 21 is positioned on the other side of the web 2 corresponding to the axial force direction of the bevel gear, wherein an included angle theta = 5 degrees between the side surface of the conical reinforcing part 21 and the plane A is shown in fig. 5; the bevel gears are designed in a bevel gear with a conical structure with a reverse side of the shaft.
The f group is a bevel gear provided with a reinforcing structure 4 with a conical hole on one side of a web plate 2, the diameter of the conical hole gradually increases along the direction gradually away from a plane A in the axial direction of a gear shaft 3, the reinforcing structure 4 is positioned on the other side of the web plate 2 corresponding to the axial force direction of the bevel gear, and an included angle theta = 5 degrees between the inner wall of the conical hole and the plane A is shown in fig. 6; the set of bevel gears is referred to as a bevel gear of conical structural design on the opposite single side of the shaft.
And (3) performing simulation calculation by using abaqus finite elements, and respectively comparing mass increment, transmission error, meshing stiffness and maximum contact stress curves of the traditional helical gear and the six groups of helical gears. Wherein, the web plate 2 of the traditional helical gear is a thin plate with two side faces perpendicular to the gear shaft 3, and the rest basic parameters are the same as those of the six groups of helical gears.
The mass of the six groups of bevel gears is measured respectively and compared with the mass of 23.9kg of the traditional bevel gears as follows: the mass of the helical gear of the group a is 28.0kg, which is increased by 17.1%; the mass of the helical gear in the group b is 29.3kg, and the mass is increased by 22.6%; the mass of the bevel gear of the group c is 26.6kg, and the mass is increased by 11.3 percent; the mass of the d group of bevel gears is 25.9kg, and the mass is increased by 8.4%; the mass of the e group helical gear is 25.9kg, and the mass is increased by 8.4%; the mass of the f-group helical gear is 26.6kg, and the mass is increased by 11.3%.
Fig. 7 is a graph of transmission errors of the helical gears of the respective groups, fig. 8 is a graph of meshing stiffness of the helical gears of the respective groups, and the graph labeled "original" in fig. 7 and 8 corresponds to the conventional helical gear. As shown in fig. 7 and 8, the mean value of the transmission error curves of the helical gears of each group is smaller than that of the conventional helical gears, wherein the improvement of the group a is the largest, the improvement of the group f is the smallest, and the improvement of the group f is about 20 microns; the amplitude of the transmission error among the groups is not greatly changed; the relation between the transmission error and the engagement stiffness can be obtained, the overall variation trend of the engagement stiffness and the transmission error is consistent, namely the engagement stiffness values of all groups of bevel gears are raised, wherein the engagement stiffness of group a is maximum, the engagement stiffness of group a is about 7.2e+7N/m, the engagement stiffness of group f is minimum, and the engagement stiffness of group f is about 4.0e+7N/m; by taking the transfer error curve and the engagement stiffness as the judgment basis, the groups a, b, c, d, e and f are respectively compared, and the performance of the lower conical structure design method is far superior to that of the upper conical structure design method; comparing the groups a, d, b and e respectively, finding that the performance of the double-sided cone structure design method is superior to that of the single-sided cone structure design method, but the quality increment of the double-sided cone structure design method is twice that of the single-sided cone structure design method by combining the light weight requirement indexes; comparing the groups c, f, d and e respectively, the design method of the conical structure in the Z-axis positive direction is slightly better than the design method of the conical structure in the Z-axis negative direction because the axial force direction born by the bevel gear is in the Z-axis positive direction, but the two are not very different.
Fig. 9 is a graph of the maximum contact stress of the reinforcing portion 21 in the helical gears of the a-c group, fig. 10 is a graph of the maximum contact stress of the reinforcing portion 21 in the helical gears of the d-f group, and the graph labeled "original" in fig. 9 and 10 corresponds to the conventional helical gear. Through the findings of fig. 9 and 10, the trend of the maximum contact stress curve of one tooth surface of each group of bevel gears is consistent in the process from meshing to meshing, and stress concentration conditions exist in the process of meshing, and the maximum contact stress values of each group of bevel gears are reduced to different degrees compared with the values of the maximum contact stress values under the original parameters, wherein the maximum contact stress of group a is 519.2Mpa, and the maximum contact stress of group a is reduced by 27.9%; the maximum contact stress of the group b is 561.1Mpa, and the drop is 22.1 percent; the maximum contact stress of the group c is 600.8Mpa, and the reduction is 16.5%; d group maximum contact stress is 560.9Mpa, 22.1% decrease; the maximum contact stress of the e group is 590.2Mpa, and the drop is 18.0%; the maximum contact stress of the f group is 631.5Mpa, and the reduction is 12.3%, namely the maximum contact stress value is from small to large: a < d < b < e < c < f < conventional helical gear.
Taking d groups of bevel gears as an example, the rule that the uniform load performance of the bevel gears changes along with the cone angle is studied by changing the included angle between the side surface of the conical reinforcing part 21 and the plane A, and as shown in FIG. 11, the uniform load performance of the bevel gears is improved along with the increase of the included angle, but the quality is also increased.
Similarly, the helical gear quality can be completely unchanged by translating the position of the web plate 2, and the uniform load performance of the helical gear can be improved on the premise of ensuring the lightweight design. It was found by study that the bending direction of the helical gear web 2 was the positive Z-axis direction, and therefore, the helical gear web 2 was sequentially translated 2mm, 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm and 14mm from the center position in the positive Z-axis direction. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the reliability of research conclusion and the meticulousness of logic, a group of simulation analysis is still set to translate by 6mm along the negative direction of the Z axis, and the aim is to compare the influence of the positive direction and the negative direction on the load balancing performance. The transmission error curves of the groups are still compared, the engagement stiffness and the maximum contact stress.
It can be found from fig. 12 and 13 that, after the position of the bevel gear web 2 is translated, the transmission error curve and the meshing stiffness of the bevel gear are reduced and increased to different degrees, so that the meshing performance of the bevel gear is improved. Meanwhile, as can be seen from fig. 12 and 13, when the helical gear web 2 is translated forward by 6mm toward the Z axis, the meshing performance is optimal; when the web plate 2 is respectively shifted forward to the Z axis by 8mm,10mm and 14mm, the transmission error curves of the three groups of models are almost consistent with the numerical value of the meshing stiffness curve, and the meshing performance is poor; when the gear web 2 moves in the negative direction of the Z axis, the meshing performance of the helical gear is improved only with respect to the transmission error curve and the meshing stiffness. It can be concluded that the bevel gear can improve the meshing performance by translating the web 2 position, but the improvement degree tends to increase and decrease with increasing translation distance of the bevel gear web 2, and the optimal position is located between 1/8 and 1/6 of the Z-axis forward translation tooth width.
As can be seen from fig. 14 and 15, when the helical gear web 2 moves in the positive direction of the Z-axis by 4mm, 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 14mm, and the negative direction of the Z-axis by 6mm, the maximum contact stress of one gear tooth 11 in the process from the engagement to the disengagement is 628.6Mpa, 605Mpa, 591.4Mpa, 570.6Mpa, 531Mpa, and 717Mpa, respectively, and the maximum contact stress is reduced when the web 2 moves in the positive direction of the Z-axis, but the maximum contact stress values between the respective groups are not very different, which is about 20Mpa, compared with the conventional helical gear maximum contact stress 719.9 Mpa. When the web 2 moves in the negative direction of the Z axis, the maximum contact stress value is almost unchanged, and the stress abrupt change value at the time of engagement increases. It follows that the value of the maximum contact stress of the bevel gear decreases with increasing distance of movement when the bevel gear web 2 moves positively in the Z-axis, and that the maximum contact stress of the bevel gear does not change or increases when the bevel gear web moves negatively in the Z-axis.
According to the analysis, the bevel gear has the optimal load balancing performance, the web plate 2 is moved by 1/8 to 1/6 of the tooth width along the axial force direction, and the structure of the web plate 2 adopts a unilateral conical structure design with one side in the axial force direction being small at the top and large at the bottom.
Meanwhile, through simulation calculation, a stress cloud chart of the traditional flat plate type web structure when the bevel gear has the maximum contact stress is shown in fig. 17, and the fact that the contact marks corresponding to the maximum contact stress in the meshing process of the traditional web structure are obviously offset can be found. The stress cloud diagram of the bevel gear in the invention with the maximum contact stress is shown in fig. 16, and the contact mark is obviously positioned near the midpoint of the tooth width, thus proving the actual effectiveness of the structure.
The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Modifications and variations which would be obvious to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention are also considered to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. Helical gear, including ring gear (1) that has a plurality of teeth of a cogwheel (11), web (2) and gear shaft (3), gear shaft (3) run through web (2) and with web (2) are connected, its characterized in that: one side surface of the web plate (2) is provided with a reinforcing part (21); the gear comprises a plane A perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft (3) and bisecting the web (2) and a plane B perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft (3) and bisecting each gear tooth (11), wherein the plane A is offset by a set distance in the axial direction of the gear shaft (3) relative to the plane B, the plane A and the reinforcing part (21) are positioned on the same side of the plane B, the reinforcing part (21) is conical, the axis of the conical reinforcing part (21) coincides with the axis of the gear shaft (3), the included angle between the side surface of the reinforcing part (21) and the plane A is smaller than or equal to 5 degrees, and a plurality of lightening holes uniformly distributed around the gear shaft (3) are formed in the web (2).
2. The helical gear of claim 1, wherein: the set distance is 1/8 to 1/6 of the tooth width of the helical gear.
3. The helical gear of claim 1, wherein: the web (2) is provided with a reinforcing part (21), and the whole side surface is provided with a conical surface and forms the reinforcing part (21).
4. The helical gear of claim 1, wherein: the radius of the web (2) is 200-300 mm, the thickness of the web (2) is less than or equal to 14 mm, and the tooth width of the bevel gear is 40-50 mm.
5. The helical gear of claim 1, wherein: the side surface of the web plate (2) opposite to the reinforcing part (21) is a plane perpendicular to the axis of the gear shaft (3).
6. A transmission mechanism, characterized in that: comprising at least one helical gear according to any one of claims 1 to 5, the plane a of which is offset with respect to the plane B in a direction coinciding with the direction of the axial force to which it is subjected.
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