CN109882189B - Horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for fault fracture zone and construction method - Google Patents
Horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for fault fracture zone and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109882189B CN109882189B CN201910145399.5A CN201910145399A CN109882189B CN 109882189 B CN109882189 B CN 109882189B CN 201910145399 A CN201910145399 A CN 201910145399A CN 109882189 B CN109882189 B CN 109882189B
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
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- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for a fault fracture zone and a construction method, wherein the shield machine comprises a shield host, a shield structure is arranged on the shield host, the shield structure comprises a front shield, a front extension beam and a baffle are annularly arranged in the upper area of the front shield, the front shield is connected with a tail shield, the tail shield is connected with a rice beam, a main pushing system is annularly arranged in the tail shield, and an assembling device is arranged on the rice beam; the upper part of the front shield is provided with a crushing arm, the lower part of the front shield is provided with a driving device, the driving device is connected with the cutter head device, the bottom of the front shield is provided with a conveyor, and the conveyor transversely passes through the central area of the tail shield and the assembling device. According to the invention, the open excavation at the upper part of the front shield and the shield propulsion mode at the lower part are combined, so that not only is the internal stress of the rock mass in the fault fracture zone released, but also the characteristic of self-bearing capacity of surrounding rocks is utilized, the horseshoe-shaped full-section excavation, ballast discharge and lining mechanized construction of the rock mass in the fault fracture zone are realized, the risk caused by large deformation is reduced, and the method is efficient, green and environment-friendly.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of special-shaped tunnel construction equipment, in particular to a horseshoe-shaped half-section shield tunneling machine suitable for a fault fracture zone and a construction method.
Background
In mountain tunnel construction, the construction method and support system frequently used, such as drilling and blasting method, step method, three-step method, double-side wall pit guiding method, CD method, CRD method, etc., mostly use new olympic method as theoretical basis, that is, use self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock as base point, use anchor rod and shotcrete as main support means, support in time, control deformation and relaxation of the surrounding rock, make the surrounding rock become the component of the support system. The fault fracture zone has the characteristics of poor stability, low strength, poor water permeability, easy deformation, poor compressibility and the like. Because the geological condition of the surrounding rock is complicated and changeable, in the process of tunnel excavation, when a fault broken zone is encountered, the surrounding rock structure is extremely unstable or the self-bearing capacity is weaker, the original stress balance of the rock mass is destroyed by excavation, accidents such as collapse and roof fall often occur, and great influence is caused on the tunnel safety. In addition, deformation is difficult to control, the construction process is complex, the complex construction method causes overlong working procedure time, surrounding rocks are exposed for a long time, the situations of large-area invasion of the surrounding rocks, stripping and falling of sprayed concrete, distortion and deformation of steel frames and the like are easily caused, the risk of collapse is further increased, the safety quality is not easy to guarantee, and the construction period is restricted.
In recent years in China, with the development of urban subways, the shield/TBM technology is gradually widely applied due to the advantages of high automation degree, high construction safety degree, fast construction progress, little pollution, low cost and the like. The shield machine/TBM is a highly mechanized and automated tunneling and lining complete equipment which integrates the technologies of machinery, electronics, hydraulic pressure, laser, control and the like by adopting a shield method. In the white city tunnel in the railway coal transportation channel project from Mongxi to Huazhong, the urban subway shield technology is applied to the construction of the mountain railway tunnel firstly, the application success is achieved, a large number of fault fracture zone conditions inevitably exist in the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet railway, and how to apply the existing mature and advanced shield/TBM technology to the fault fracture zone geology with high ground stress and large tunnel deformation is a challenging subject.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for a fault fracture zone and a construction method, and aims to solve the technical problems that in a tunnel excavation process, a surrounding rock structure is extremely unstable or the self-bearing capacity is weak, the original stress balance of a rock mass is damaged in excavation, and collapse and roof fall accidents frequently occur.
In order to solve the above problems, the technical solution of the present invention is realized as follows:
a horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for a fault fracture zone comprises a shield host machine, wherein a cutter head device, a driving device, a fracture arm, a conveyor, an assembling device, a main pushing system and a shield structure are arranged on the shield host machine, the cross section of the shield structure is horseshoe-shaped, the shield host machine is matched with a tunnel lining, the shield structure comprises a front shield, a front extension beam and a baffle are annularly arranged in the upper area of the front shield, the front shield is connected with a tail shield, the tail shield is connected with a rice beam, the main pushing system is annularly arranged in the tail shield along the inner edge of the tail shield, and the assembling device is arranged on the rice beam; the upper part of the front shield is provided with a crushing arm, the crushing arm is connected with the rice beam, the lower part of the front shield is provided with a driving device, the driving device is connected with the cutter head device, the bottom of the front shield is provided with a conveyor, and the conveyor transversely passes through the central area of the tail shield and the assembling device.
Furthermore, the tunnel lining comprises a segment lining and a steel arch, wherein the segment lining and the steel arch are respectively used for supporting a rock mass in the bottom area and a rock mass in the top area of the horseshoe-shaped section, the segment lining is bolted with the steel arch, and adjacent steel arches are bolted.
Further, the segment lining comprises at least two groups of special-shaped segments, and the two groups of special-shaped segments are connected.
Furthermore, a partition plate and an inclined plate are arranged on the front shield, the partition plate is connected with the inclined plate, the inclined plate is connected with the rice beam, the upper portion of the front shield is of an open-type arched plate shell structure relative to the tunnel face, the inclined plate shields collapsed rock soil, the lower portion of the front shield is of a half-moon-shaped closed structure relative to the tunnel face, and the partition plate is in direct contact with the tunnel face.
Furthermore, the cutter head device comprises at least two small cutter heads, and the two adjacent small cutter heads rotate independently and synchronously and are positioned on the same plane.
Furthermore, a disc cutter and a scraper are arranged on the small cutter disc.
Furthermore, a bucket, a hydraulic breaking hammer, a milling machine, a scarifier or hydraulic tongs are also arranged on the breaking arm.
Further, the conveyor is a shaft bolt conveyor, a belt type screw conveyor, a scraper conveyor or a belt conveyor.
Furthermore, the assembling device and the crushing arm are both provided with advanced drilling machines; the tail shield is of a horseshoe-shaped plate shell structure.
A construction method of a horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for a fault fracture zone comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, the crushing arm is used for slightly touching the crushing zone rock mass, and the crushing zone rock mass is unstable and collapses in a natural accumulation state within a small range;
s2, driving the shield structure to advance by the main pushing system, providing main thrust for the shield machine by the main pushing system by taking the segment lining as a support, providing auxiliary thrust for the shield machine by utilizing the building concrete after initial setting, and temporarily supporting surrounding rocks on the tunnel face by the front extending beam and the baffle on the upper part of the front shield;
s3, driving the cutterhead device to excavate the broken belt rock mass accumulated in the step S1 by a driving device at the lower part of the front shield, conveying the broken rock mass to the rear part of the shield host machine through a conveyor and transferring the broken rock mass to the outside of the tunnel, and meanwhile dropping the unstable and collapsed rock mass at the upper part of the tunnel face to the lower area of the tunnel face under the action of gravity in the excavation process;
s4, lining the current annular horseshoe-shaped cross section, and repeating the steps S1-S4 after the lining construction of the current annular horseshoe-shaped cross section is finished;
and S5, if the geological instability is met, mounting the assembling device and the crushing arm with a lead drilling machine, and performing lead grouting and lead pipe shed operation on the tunnel face.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the construction method effectively draws the essence of the new Austrian method theory and the characteristics of conventional circular shield/TBM construction, designs that the upper part of the front shield has an open type excavation function, and the lower part of the front shield still adopts a shield/TBM propulsion mode, so that the combination of the shield and the TBM is favorable for releasing the internal stress of the rock mass of the fault fracture zone, and simultaneously utilizes the characteristic of self-bearing capacity of surrounding rocks, and adopts an initial support mode of steel arch frames, anchor rods and sprayed concrete, thereby being favorable for releasing large deformation of tunnels (convergence), realizing the U-shaped full-section excavation, ballast discharge and lining mechanical integrated construction of the rock mass of the fault fracture zone, and reducing the construction risk under the geological structure of the type, and being efficient, green and practical.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting of the front shield and cutterhead arrangement and the crushing arm according to the present invention.
Figure 3 is a schematic view of the tunnel lining of the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a cutterhead device, 2 is a crushing arm, 3 is a shield structure, 301 is a front shield, 3011 is a clapboard, 3012 is a sloping plate, 302 is a tail shield, 303 is a forward extending beam, 304 is a baffle, 305 is a rice beam 4 as a main pushing system, 5 is an assembling device, 6 is a driving system, 7 is a conveyor, 8 is an advanced drilling machine, 9 is a segment lining, 10 is a steel arch, 11 is a reinforcing bar row, and 12 is a fracture zone rock mass.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for a fault fracture zone comprises a shield host machine, wherein a cutter head device 1, a driving device 6, a crushing arm 2, a conveyor 7, an assembling device 5, a main pushing system 4 and a shield structure 3 are arranged on the shield host machine, the cross section of the shield structure 3 is horseshoe-shaped, and the shield host machine is matched with a tunnel lining.
As shown in fig. 3, the tunnel lining comprises a segment lining 9 and a steel arch 10, wherein the segment lining 9 and the steel arch 10 are respectively used for supporting a rock mass in the bottom area and a rock mass in the top area of a horseshoe-shaped section, the segment lining 9 is bolted with the steel arch 10, the segment lining 9 comprises at least two groups of special-shaped segments, adjacent special-shaped segments are connected, and adjacent steel arches 10 are bolted; the tunnel lining also comprises spray anchor equipment and secondary lining equipment, and a primary support mode that steel arch frames and reinforcing steel bar rows 11 are matched with anchor rods and sprayed concrete is adopted, so that the release of large deformation of the tunnel is facilitated.
The shield structure 3 comprises a front shield 301, a partition 3011 and an inclined plate 3012 are arranged on the front shield 301, the upper portion of the partition 3011 is fixedly connected with the inclined plate 3012, the inclined plate 3012 is fixedly connected with the rice beam 305, the lower portion of the partition 3011 is connected with a driving device, the upper portion of the front shield 301 is an open arched plate shell structure relative to a face, the inclined plate 3012 shields collapsed rock soil, and the lower portion of the front shield 301 is a half-moon-shaped closed structure relative to the face, and the partition 3011 is in direct contact with the face.
A front extension beam 303 and a baffle 304 are annularly arranged in the upper area of a front shield 301, the front shield 301 is fixedly connected with a tail shield 302, the tail shield 302 is of a horseshoe-shaped plate shell structure, the tail shield 302 is connected with a rice beam 305, a main pushing system 4 is annularly arranged in the tail shield 302, and an assembling device 5 is fixedly arranged on the rice beam 305.
As shown in fig. 2, the upper part of the front shield 301 is provided with a crushing arm 2, the crushing arm 2 is a multifunctional excavating device, and has a plurality of degrees of freedom such as a pitching angle, a horizontal swinging angle, a working arm diameter changing, a front-back moving, an end amplitude changing and the like, and meanwhile, the crushing arm 2 can be further provided with a bucket, a hydraulic breaking hammer, a milling machine, a scarifier or a hydraulic clamp and the like, so that the whole requirement of multi-angle crushing work in a tunnel is met, the tunnel has good expandability, and the application range is wide.
The crushing arm 2 is connected with a rice beam 305, the lower part of the front shield 301 is provided with a driving device 6, and the assembling device 5 and the crushing arm 2 are both provided with an advanced drilling machine 8.
The driving device 6 is connected with the cutter head device 1, the cutter head device 1 comprises at least two small cutter heads, the two adjacent small cutter heads rotate independently and synchronously and are positioned on the same plane, and the small cutter heads are provided with disc-shaped hobs and scrapers, so that the excavation speed is greatly improved, and various excavation requirements are met.
The bottom of the front shield 301 is provided with a conveyor 7, the conveyor 7 transversely penetrates through the central area of the tail shield 302 and the assembling device 5, and the conveyor 7 is a shaft type, belt type screw conveyor, scraper conveyor or belt conveyor.
A construction method of a horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for a fault fracture zone comprises the following steps:
s1, firstly, slightly touching the fault fracture zone rock mass 12 by the crushing arm 2, and selecting configurations such as a rotary bucket, a hydraulic crushing hammer, a pilot drill, a milling machine, a scarifier or a hydraulic clamp and the like according to engineering geology to crush the fault fracture zone rock mass 12, wherein the fault fracture zone rock mass 12 is unstable and collapses in a natural accumulation state within a small range;
s2, driving the shield structure 3 to advance by the main pushing system 4, providing main thrust for the shield machine by the main pushing system 4 by taking the segment lining 9 as a support, providing auxiliary thrust for the shield machine by utilizing the building concrete after initial setting, temporarily supporting surrounding rocks on the tunnel face by the front extension beam 303 and the baffle 304 on the upper part of the front shield 301, and preventing the stacking length of the broken rocks from further expanding by the inclined plate;
s3, driving the cutterhead device 1 to excavate the fault fractured zone rock mass 12 accumulated in the step S1 by the driving device 6 at the lower part of the front shield 301, conveying the fractured rock mass to the rear part of the shield host machine through the conveyor 7 and transferring the fractured rock mass to the outside of the tunnel, and meanwhile, dropping the unstable and collapsed rock mass at the upper part of the tunnel face to the lower area of the tunnel face under the action of gravity in the excavation process and further transferring the rock mass by the conveyor;
s4, constructing the current ring horseshoe-shaped section, gradually tunneling along with a host, enabling the stroke of a main pushing system oil cylinder to be capable of assembling a ring space, supporting the segment lining of the lower area and the upper area of the horseshoe-shaped tunnel to carry out primary cast-in-place supporting of a steel arch frame matched steel bar row and an anchor rod, continuing advancing the shield host after the construction of the current ring horseshoe-shaped section is finished, and repeating the steps S1-S4;
and S5, if the geological instability is met, mounting the assembling device 5 and the crushing arm 2 with an advanced drilling machine 8, and performing advanced grouting and advanced pipe shed operation on the tunnel face.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (10)
1. A horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for a fault fracture zone comprises a shield host machine, wherein a cutter head device (1), a driving device (6), a crushing arm (2), a conveyor (7), an assembling device (5), a main pushing system (4) and a shield structure (3) are arranged on the shield host machine, the cross section of the shield structure (3) is horseshoe-shaped, the shield host machine is matched with a tunnel lining, the shield machine is characterized in that the shield structure (3) comprises a front shield (301), a front extension beam (303) and a baffle (304) are annularly arranged in the upper area of the front shield (301), the front shield (301) is connected with a tail shield (302), the tail shield (302) is connected with a rice beam (305), the main pushing system (4) is arranged in the tail shield (302) along the annular shape, and the assembling device (5) is arranged on the rice beam (305); the rice huller is characterized in that a crushing arm (2) is arranged on the upper portion of a front shield (301), the crushing arm (2) is connected with a rice beam (305), a driving device (6) is arranged on the lower portion of the front shield (301), the driving device (6) is connected with a cutter head device (1), a conveyor (7) is arranged at the bottom of the front shield (301), and the conveyor (7) transversely penetrates through a tail shield (302) and a central area of an assembling device (5).
2. A horseshoe-shaped half-face shield machine adapted for use in a fault-breaking zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein the tunnel lining comprises segment linings (9) and steel arches (10), the segment linings (9) and steel arches (10) being adapted to support the rock mass in the bottom region and the rock mass in the top region of the horseshoe-shaped section, respectively, the segment linings (9) being bolted to the steel arches (10) and adjacent steel arches (10) being bolted.
3. The horseshoe-shaped half-face shield tunneling machine for fault-breaking zones according to claim 2, characterized in that the segment lining (9) comprises at least two groups of profiled segments, adjacent profiled segments being connected.
4. The horseshoe-shaped half-section shield tunneling machine suitable for a fault fracture zone as claimed in claim 1, wherein a partition plate (3011) and a sloping plate (3012) are arranged on the front shield (301), the partition plate (3011) is connected with the sloping plate (3012), the sloping plate (3012) is connected with the rice beam (305), the upper portion of the front shield (301) is of an open arched plate shell structure relative to a tunnel face and the sloping plate (3012) shields collapsed rock and soil, the lower portion of the front shield (301) is of a half-moon-shaped closed structure relative to the tunnel face and the partition plate (3011) is in direct contact with the tunnel face.
5. The horseshoe-shaped half-face shield machine suitable for use in a fault-breaking zone according to claim 1, characterized in that said cutterhead arrangement (1) comprises at least two small cutterheads, adjacent two of which rotate synchronously independently of each other and are located on the same plane.
6. The horseshoe-shaped half-face shield machine suitable for use in a fault-breaking zone of claim 5, wherein said small cutterhead is provided with disc cutters and scrapers.
7. The horseshoe-shaped half-face shield machine suitable for fault-breaking belts according to claim 1, characterized in that the breaking arm (2) is provided with a bucket, a hydraulic breaking hammer, a milling machine, a ripper or a hydraulic tong.
8. The horseshoe-shaped half-face shield machine suitable for use in a fault-breaking zone according to claim 1, characterized in that the conveyor (7) is an axial screw conveyor, a belt screw conveyor, a scraper conveyor or a belt conveyor.
9. The horseshoe-shaped half-section shield tunneling machine suitable for fault fracture zones according to claim 1, characterized in that a pilot drill (8) is arranged on each of the splicing device (5) and the fracture arm (2); the tail shield (302) is of a horseshoe-shaped plate shell structure.
10. A construction method of a horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for a fault fracture zone is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, firstly, the fracture zone rock mass (12) is slightly touched by the crushing arm (2), and the fracture zone rock mass (12) is unstable and collapses in a natural accumulation state in a small range;
s2, driving the shield structure (3) to advance by the main pushing system (4), providing main thrust for the shield machine by the main pushing system (4) by taking the segment lining (9) as a support, providing auxiliary thrust for the shield machine by utilizing the building concrete after initial setting, and temporarily supporting surrounding rocks on the tunnel face by the front extension beam (303) and the baffle (304) on the upper part of the front shield (301);
s3, driving a cutterhead device (1) to excavate the fault fractured zone rock mass (12) accumulated in the step S1 by a driving device (6) at the lower part of a front shield (301), meanwhile, dropping the unstable and collapsed rock mass at the upper part of a tunnel face to the lower area of the tunnel face under the action of gravity in the excavating process, conveying the fractured rock mass to the rear part of a shield host machine through a conveyor (7) and transferring the fractured rock mass to the outside of the tunnel;
s4, lining the current annular horseshoe-shaped cross section, and repeating the steps S1-S4 after the lining construction of the current annular horseshoe-shaped cross section is finished;
and S5, if the geological instability is met, mounting an advanced drilling machine (8) on the splicing device (5) and the crushing arm (2), and performing advanced grouting and advanced pipe shed operation on the tunnel face.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910145399.5A CN109882189B (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for fault fracture zone and construction method |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201910145399.5A CN109882189B (en) | 2019-02-27 | 2019-02-27 | Horseshoe-shaped half-section shield machine suitable for fault fracture zone and construction method |
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| CN109882189B true CN109882189B (en) | 2020-06-12 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113914879B (en) * | 2021-09-09 | 2023-02-21 | 中国矿业大学 | Cutter head for realizing high-efficiency rectangular hard rock shield under rotation-impact action |
| CN113586078A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-02 | 秦鹏翔 | TBM and drilling and blasting combined construction method |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU1348523A1 (en) * | 1983-12-08 | 1987-10-30 | Специальное Конструкторско-Технологическое Бюро Главмосинжстроя При Мосгорисполкоме | Shield for driving mine workings |
| DE4426497C2 (en) * | 1994-07-27 | 1996-12-12 | Wirth Co Kg Masch Bohr | Driving shield |
| CN102305083A (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-01-04 | 北京市三一重机有限公司 | Shield machine and anterior shield system thereof |
| CN102704943A (en) * | 2012-05-30 | 2012-10-03 | 中铁隧道装备制造有限公司 | Shield structure formed by shallow tunneling method in air-pressure mode |
| CN105041328B (en) * | 2015-07-29 | 2017-03-29 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | It is a kind of for big horse-shoe tunnel can cast-in-place supporting shield machine |
| CN105507912B (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2017-09-22 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | A kind of large section shape of a hoof shield machine |
| CN105863651B (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2018-06-22 | 中铁工程装备集团有限公司 | The method for tunnel construction that a kind of shield is combined with New Austrian Tunneling Method |
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