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CN109876626A - A kind of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system and its working method - Google Patents

A kind of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system and its working method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109876626A
CN109876626A CN201910150905.XA CN201910150905A CN109876626A CN 109876626 A CN109876626 A CN 109876626A CN 201910150905 A CN201910150905 A CN 201910150905A CN 109876626 A CN109876626 A CN 109876626A
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solution
urea
pyrolysis
pressure
flue
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王凯
路昆
王帅
王永佳
颜喜
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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Huadian Electric Power Research Institute Co Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00Technologies relating to chemical industry
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    • Y02P20/129Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system and its working methods, belong to power generation field.Although urea pyrolysis Ammonia Process security performance is high, there are operating costs high, easy the problems such as blocking.System is mainly made of equipment such as raw material cabin, screw feeder, solution preparing device, solution transfer pump hypotonic solution preheater, solution surge tank, booster, recycle valve, high-pressure solution regulating valve, flowmeter, high-pressure solution heater, pyrolysis reactor, dilution mixer, blowers.It is compared with other methods, urea pyrolysis process is divided into three sections of concatenated processes by the present invention, it may be assumed that urea dissolution preheating, high-pressure solution heating, urea liquid thoroughly decompose.Due to high-temperature flue gas heat source mediate contact, have that operating cost is low, effectively avoids the technical characterstics such as system jams.

Description

A kind of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system and its working method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating systems, belong to power generation field.
Background technique
Large-scale power station coal-burning boiler be more than 90% all select the selective-catalytic-reduction denitrified technique of SCR, for removing in flue gas NOx.Denitrification reducing agent generally selects liquefied ammonia, ammonium hydroxide or urea.Liquefied ammonia and ammonium hydroxide have toxicity, corrosivity and explosion hazard, Belong to major hazard source, bigger security risk is brought to actual production process.In contrast, urea due to it is nontoxic, The advantages that using conveniently, safely storing and transporting, Rapid Popularization gradually is obtained in the SCR denitration engineering of many coal-burning power plants and is answered With such as application No. is the Chinese patents of 201811380706.X.
Currently, urea pyrolysis Ammonia Process is most of all to have Adiabatic Decomposition room, being burnt using diesel/natural gas, it is high to generate Warm flue gas or by electrically heated high temperature air as heat source, directly contact with urea liquid be allowed to decomposition generation be diluted Ammonia, Benitration reactor is then sent by ammonia-spraying grid.
But the technology there are operating costs the problems such as high, Adiabatic Decomposition room easily blocks, affect the economy of production system Property and reliability.For example, for providing the system of heat source, the unit annual operation of 1 600MW grade using fuel oil or combustion gas Expense is more than 4,000,000 yuan;System using electric heating air as heat source, the unit annual operating cost of identical capacity is about 1500000 yuan.In addition, the factors such as Adiabatic Decomposition room temperature is relatively low, nozzle atomization effect is poor, flue gas or air oil-containing dust-laden, all may be used It can will lead to and quickly form crystallization deposition object in a short time, block Adiabatic Decomposition room, cause industrial accident.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the above deficiencies in the existing technologies, a kind of three-stage urea pyrolysis system is provided Ammonia denitrating system and its working method.It is low with operating cost, effective to avoid crystallization heavy compared with current urea pyrolysis technique The high technological merit of the formation of product object, operational reliability.
Technical solution used by the present invention solves the above problems is: a kind of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system, It is characterised in that it includes boiler, Benitration reactor and air preheater, the boiler pass sequentially through horizontal flue, reversal chamber and Vertical ascent flue is connected to Benitration reactor, and Benitration reactor is connected to air preheater, arrangement in the horizontal flue There are high temperature superheater and high temperature reheater, the reversal chamber arranged beneath has economizer hopper.
Three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system further includes raw material cabin, screw feeder, solution preparing device, solution conveying Pump, hypotonic solution preheater, solution surge tank, booster, flowmeter, high-pressure solution heater, pyrolysis reactor, dilution mixing Device and blower;The raw material cabin, screw feeder, solution preparing device and solution transfer pump are sequentially connected, and solution preparing device Solvent control valve is installed, the hypotonic solution preheater is arranged between Benitration reactor and air preheater in solvent conduit Flue in, and the entrance and exit of hypotonic solution preheater is connect with the outlet of solution transfer pump and solution surge tank respectively, The solution surge tank is also connected to the entrance of booster, and the export pipeline of booster is divided into two-way, passes through recycling all the way Valve is connected to the export pipeline of hypotonic solution preheater, and another way passes sequentially through high-pressure solution regulating valve and flowmeter and high pressure solution The entrance pipe of liquid heater is connected to, and the high-pressure solution heater is arranged in horizontal flue, and high-pressure solution heater position Region between high temperature superheater and high temperature reheater, the outlet of the high-pressure solution heater and the entrance of pyrolysis reactor Connection, the pyrolysis reactor is arranged in reversal chamber, the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor and the outlet of blower respectively with dilution The outlet of mixer connection, the dilution mixer is connected to the vertical ascent flue before Benitration reactor.
Above-mentioned three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system, working method is: the urea raw material being stored in raw material cabin, Solution preparing device is sent by screw feeder and is divided with the mutual mixed dissolution of water phase, the quality of generation urea liquid, urea liquid Number, i.e. water flow, are controlled by solvent control valve.Later, urea liquid is sent into hypotonic solution preheater by solution transfer pump It is tentatively heated up, prevents urea liquid from recrystallizing.Urea liquid after preliminary heating is transported to the storage of solution surge tank, so Afterwards after booster improves pressure head, it is divided into two parts, a part comes back to solution surge tank after recycle valve, another Part then successively after high-pressure solution regulating valve and flowmeter, is sent into high-pressure solution heater and is thoroughly heated, to reach Close to the temperature of urea liquid fast decoupled.
For the pyrolysis urea liquid flow of denitrating system, measures by flowmeter and controlled by high-pressure solution regulating valve. On the one hand solution surge tank provides stable urea liquid source for booster, on the other hand cooperate recycle valve and high-pressure solution Regulating valve for accurately controlling the urea liquid flow into high-pressure solution heater, while playing solution storage and pressure Buffer function.The urea solution temperature of high-pressure solution heater outlet is then fed to heat very close to its fast decoupled temperature It solves reactor and carries out heat temperature raising, thoroughly carry out the reaction of pyrolytic process, generate ammonia and carbon dioxide, including following two master It reacts:
CO(NH2)2 → HNCO + NH3
HNCO + H2O → CO2 + NH3
High-pressure solution heater and pyrolysis reactor are all arranged using with flow of flue gas direction concurrent, to reduce high temperature side Tube wall temperature.Compared with high-pressure solution heater, pyrolysis reactor is arranged in the relatively low steering chamber region of flue-gas temperature, has Conducive to the tube wall temperature for reducing pyrolysis reactor, device security is improved.The ammonia and carbon dioxide flowed out from pyrolysis reactor Into dilution mixer, the air being sent into blower is mixed, and is on the one hand reduced the concentration of ammonia, is made it below the explosion of ammonia On the other hand lower limit suitably reduces the temperature of ammonia.The mixed gas of the ammonia and air that flow out from dilution mixer, is admitted to Vertical ascent flue before Benitration reactor is mixed with the flue gas after the preliminary ash disposal of economizer hopper, finally jointly into Enter denitration reactor inlet and carries out removing NOx reaction.
Urea pyrolysis process is divided into three Duan Liucheng by the present invention, it may be assumed that the pre- hot preparation chemical property of urea material dissolution is stablized Hypotonic solution, high-pressure solution is heated to fast decoupled temperature, urea liquid thoroughly decomposition prepares ammonia.Due to eliminating tradition Adiabatic Decomposition room in urea pyrolysis technique, and using boiler itself flue gas heat as the power heat source of urea pyrolysis, no Need to significantly reduce the initial outlay and operating cost of the system using diesel oil, natural gas or electric energy.In addition, with tradition In technique, for urea liquid compared with high-temperature flue gas or high temperature air directly contact the mode being pyrolyzed, the present invention is hot by urea Solution preocess is divided into three concatenated mediate contact processes, has fundamentally prevented the formation for crystallizing deposit, can effectively avoid The problem of system jams.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the system structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
In figure: 1- boiler, 2- high temperature superheater, 3- high-pressure solution heater, 4- high temperature reheater, 5- pyrolysis reactor, 6- dilutes mixer, and 7- blower, 8- vertical ascent flue, 9- flowmeter, 10- high-pressure solution regulating valve, 11- booster, 12- is again Circulating valve, 13- solution surge tank, 14- Benitration reactor, 15- hypotonic solution preheater, 16- raw material cabin, 17- screw feeder, 18- solution preparing device, 19- solvent control valve, 20- solution transfer pump, 21- air preheater, 22- economizer hopper, 23- are turned to Room, 24- horizontal flue.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing and by embodiment, and following embodiment is to this hair Bright explanation and the invention is not limited to following embodiments.
Embodiment.
Referring to Fig. 1, three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system in the present embodiment, including boiler 1, Benitration reactor 14 With air preheater 21, the boiler 1 passes sequentially through horizontal flue 24, reversal chamber 23 and vertical ascent flue 8 and denitration reaction Device 14 is connected to, and Benitration reactor 14 is connected to air preheater 21, and 2 He of high temperature superheater is disposed in the horizontal flue 24 High temperature reheater 4,23 arranged beneath of reversal chamber have economizer hopper 22.
Three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system further includes raw material cabin 16, screw feeder 17, solution preparing device 18, molten Liquid delivery pump 20, hypotonic solution preheater 15, solution surge tank 13, booster 11, flowmeter 9, high-pressure solution heater 3, heat Solve reactor 5, dilution mixer 6 and blower 7;The raw material cabin 16, screw feeder 17, solution preparing device 18 and solution conveying Pump 20 is sequentially connected, and solvent control valve 19 is equipped in the solvent conduit of solution preparing device 18, the hypotonic solution preheater 15 are arranged in the flue between Benitration reactor 14 and air preheater 21, and the entrance and exit of hypotonic solution preheater 15 It is connect respectively with the outlet of solution transfer pump 20 and solution surge tank 13, entrance of the solution surge tank 13 also with booster 11 Connection, and the export pipeline of booster 11 is divided into two-way, passes through the outlet of recycle valve 12 and hypotonic solution preheater 15 all the way Pipeline connection, another way passes sequentially through high-pressure solution regulating valve 10 and flowmeter 9 and the entrance pipe of high-pressure solution heater 3 connects Logical, the high-pressure solution heater 3 is arranged in horizontal flue 24, and high-pressure solution heater 3 is located at high temperature superheater 2 and height The outlet in the region between warm reheater 4, the high-pressure solution heater 3 is connected to the entrance of pyrolysis reactor 5, the pyrolysis Reactor 5 is arranged in reversal chamber 23, and the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor 5 and the outlet of blower 7 connect with dilution mixer 6 respectively Logical, the outlet of the dilution mixer 6 is connected to the vertical ascent flue 8 before Benitration reactor 14.
The working method of the system is: the urea raw material being stored in raw material cabin 16 is sent into molten by screw feeder 17 Liquid preparing device 18 and the mutual mixed dissolution of water phase, generate the urea liquid that mass fraction is 50%, water flow required for process, by Solvent control valve 19 is controlled.Later, urea liquid is sent into hypotonic solution preheater 15 by solution transfer pump 20 and is carried out tentatively 50 DEG C are warming up to, prevents urea liquid from recrystallizing.Urea liquid after preliminary heating is transported to the storage of solution surge tank 13, so Afterwards after booster 11 improves solution pressure to 15kPa, it is divided into two parts, a part comes back to after recycle valve 12 Solution surge tank 13, another part then successively after high-pressure solution regulating valve 10 and flowmeter 9, are sent into high-pressure solution heater 3 carry out thoroughly being heated to 130 DEG C, to reach the temperature close to urea liquid fast decoupled.
For the pyrolysis urea liquid flow of denitrating system, measures by flowmeter 9 and controlled by high-pressure solution regulating valve 10 System.13 one side of solution surge tank is that booster 11 provides stable urea liquid source, on the other hand cooperates recycle valve 12 With high-pressure solution regulating valve 10, for accurately controlling the urea liquid flow into high-pressure solution heater 3, while playing molten Liquid storage and pressure buffer effect.The urea liquid that high-pressure solution heater 3 exports enters pyrolysis reactor 5 and carries out heating liter Temperature thoroughly carries out the reaction of pyrolytic process, generates ammonia and carbon dioxide, including following two key reaction:
CO(NH2)2 → HNCO + NH3
HNCO + H2O → CO2 + NH3
High-pressure solution heater 3 and pyrolysis reactor 5 are all arranged using with flow of flue gas direction concurrent, to reduce high temperature side Tube wall temperature.Compared with high-pressure solution heater 3, pyrolysis reactor 5 is arranged in the relatively low reversal chamber 23 of flue-gas temperature Region advantageously reduces the tube wall temperature of pyrolysis reactor, improves device security.From pyrolysis reactor 5 flow out ammonia and Carbon dioxide enters dilution mixer 6, and the air being sent into blower 7 mixes, and so that ammonia concentration is down to 5%, mixed gas temperature It is down to 340 DEG C.The mixed gas of the ammonia and air that are flowed out from dilution mixer 6, hanging down before being admitted to Benitration reactor 14 Straight uptake flue 8, mixes with the flue gas after the preliminary ash disposal of economizer hopper 22, and the last Benitration reactor 14 that enters jointly enters Mouth carries out removing NOx reaction.
It is any to be familiar with although the present invention is disclosed as above with embodiment, its protection scope being not intended to limit the invention The technical staff of this technology changes and retouches made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, should belong to this hair Bright protection scope.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system, which is characterized in that including boiler (1), Benitration reactor (14) and Air preheater (21), the boiler (1) pass sequentially through horizontal flue (24), reversal chamber (23) and vertical ascent flue (8) with Benitration reactor (14) connection, and Benitration reactor (14) is connected to air preheater (21), the interior cloth of the horizontal flue (24) It is equipped with high temperature superheater (2) and high temperature reheater (4), reversal chamber (23) arranged beneath there are economizer hopper (22);It is special Sign is, further includes raw material cabin (16), screw feeder (17), solution preparing device (18), solution transfer pump (20), hypotonic solution Preheater (15), solution surge tank (13), booster (11), flowmeter (9), high-pressure solution heater (3), pyrolysis reactor (5), mixer (6) and blower (7) are diluted;The raw material cabin (16), screw feeder (17), solution preparing device (18) and solution Delivery pump (20) is sequentially connected, and solvent control valve (19), the low pressure are equipped in the solvent conduit of solution preparing device (18) Solution preheater (15) is arranged in the flue between Benitration reactor (14) and air preheater (21), and hypotonic solution preheats The entrance and exit of device (15) is connect with the outlet of solution transfer pump (20) and solution surge tank (13) respectively, the solution buffering Tank (13) is also connected to the entrance of booster (11), and the export pipeline of booster (11) is divided into two-way, passes through recycling all the way Valve (12) is connected to the export pipeline of hypotonic solution preheater (15), and another way passes sequentially through high-pressure solution regulating valve (10) and stream Meter (9) is connected to the entrance pipe of high-pressure solution heater (3), and the outlet and pyrolysis of the high-pressure solution heater (3) are anti- The entrance of device (5) is answered to be connected to, the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor (5) and the outlet of blower (7) connect with dilution mixer (6) respectively Logical, the outlet of dilution mixer (6) is connected to the vertical ascent flue (8) before Benitration reactor (14).
2. three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high-pressure solution adds Hot device (3) is arranged in horizontal flue (24), and high-pressure solution heater (3) is located at high temperature superheater (2) and high temperature reheater (4) between, the pyrolysis reactor (5) is arranged in reversal chamber (23).
3. a kind of working method of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, feature exist In, urea raw material in raw material cabin (16) by screw feeder (17) be sent into solution preparing device (18) and and water be mutually mixed it is molten Solution, forms urea liquid, and the mass fraction of urea liquid is controlled by solvent control valve (19);Urea liquid passes through solution transfer pump (20) hypotonic solution preheater (15) are sent into tentatively to be heated up, are transported to storage in solution surge tank (13) later, pass through After booster (11) improves pressure head, it is divided into two parts, a part comes back to solution surge tank after recycle valve (12) (13) in, another part then passes through high-pressure solution regulating valve (10) and flowmeter (9), be admitted to high-pressure solution heater (3) into Row heating, last urea liquid are admitted to pyrolysis reactor (5), thoroughly carry out pyrolytic reaction and generate ammonia and carbon dioxide;Ammonia Gas and carbon dioxide enter dilution mixer (6), and the air being sent into blower (7) mixes, and enter Benitration reactor later (14) the vertical ascent flue (8) before, with flue gas be mixed and fed into Benitration reactor (14) carry out removing NOx react.
4. the working method of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that urea Pyrolytic process is divided into three sections of concatenated processes, comprising: the stable hypotonic solution of the pre- hot preparation chemical property of urea material dissolution, height Pressure solution liquid is heated to fast decoupled temperature, urea liquid, and thoroughly decomposition prepares ammonia;The heat source of all processes is boiler (1) combustion The flue gas generated is burnt, and uses mediate contact mode with the contact of flue gas heat source.
5. the working method of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system according to claim 3, which is characterized in that high pressure Solution heater (3) and pyrolysis reactor (5) all using with arranged by the way of the fair current of flow of flue gas direction.
CN201910150905.XA 2019-02-28 2019-02-28 A kind of three-stage urea pyrolysis ammonia denitrating system and its working method Pending CN109876626A (en)

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CN111963283A (en) * 2020-08-11 2020-11-20 航天环境工程有限公司 Novel urea hydrolysis system with product gas treatment device and application
CN114876613A (en) * 2022-05-24 2022-08-09 安庆船用电器有限责任公司 Marine urea supply injection apparatus
CN115159544A (en) * 2022-06-07 2022-10-11 华能太原东山燃机热电有限责任公司 A pyrolysis type denitrification device for preventing urea crystallization
CN118253182A (en) * 2024-05-11 2024-06-28 北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司 A high-efficiency denitrification agent waterless injection ammonia production system and method

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CN118253182A (en) * 2024-05-11 2024-06-28 北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司 A high-efficiency denitrification agent waterless injection ammonia production system and method

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