CN109860655B - Efficient utilization of fuel cell for material separation and transmission of fuel and its working method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a fuel cell and its working method of high-efficient utilization of material separation transmission fuel, the fuel cell sets up the flow field plate of positive pole and negative pole, set up raw materials supply pipeline and branch road in flow field plate of positive pole and negative pole separately, product discharge pipeline and branch road, and set up as the hydrogen product discharge pipeline, hydrogen supply pipeline and branch road of the secondary recycle of the product, the discharge pipeline of the oxygen product, oxygen supply branch road, not only raw materials and product separate and transport, but also introduce product oxygen and hydrogen into the electrode and reuse; the high concentration of the fuel oxide of the electrode cathode is ensured, the reaction efficiency is improved, the utilization rate of the fuel oxidant is improved, and the discharge efficiency of the battery is exerted to the maximum extent.

Description

Efficient utilization of fuel cell for material separation and transmission of fuel and its working method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell for efficient utilization of fuel for separating and transporting materials and a working method thereof.

Background technique

Fuel cell technology is a new type of power generation technology, which can directly convert chemical energy in fuel and oxidant into electrical energy, with high efficiency, no pollution, no noise, high reliability, modularity, and fast response to load changes. It is considered to be the ultimate solution to the energy crisis. The fuel cell is mainly composed of ion exchange membrane, cathode and anode electrodes and bipolar plates. The membrane electrode assembly (MEA), which is composed of a cathode electrode, an ion exchange membrane and an anode electrode, is where the electrochemical reaction occurs in the fuel cell. Fuel and oxidant are passed to the anode and cathode of the cell, respectively. The fuel (such as H ₂ , CH ₃ OH, CH ₃ CH ₂ OH, CO(NH ₂ ) ₂ , NaBH ₄ , HCOONa, etc.) fed into the anode undergoes an oxidation reaction to release electrons, and the electrons flow into the cathode through the external circuit and interact with the anode. The oxidant (such as O ₂ , H ₂ O ₂ , etc.) of the cathode combines and undergoes a reduction reaction, and at the same time, ions migrate to the cathode (or anode) through the electrolyte membrane, forming a circuit.

Among many types of fuel cells, borohydride (sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride, etc.) is considered to be an ideal fuel for fuel cells due to its high energy density, easy storage and transportation, etc. It is often used as an oxidant in alkaline fuel cells. Therefore, fuel cells using borohydride solution as fuel and hydrogen peroxide solution as oxidant have been used more and more.

As a key part of the direct liquid fuel cell, the flow field plays the functions of transporting fuel, distributing fuel, and recovering products, and plays a key role in the entire fuel cell operation process. The current fuel cell anode flow field mainly includes serpentine flow field, parallel flow field, discontinuous flow field, interdigitated flow field, etc., which mainly enter the electrode reaction through the diffusion of fuel flowing on one side of the electrode. In this process, with the flow of fuel in the flow channel and the diffusion reaction in the electrode, the fuel is continuously consumed and the product continuously enters the flow channel, and the concentration of the fuel gradually decreases, which leads to the uneven distribution of the fuel concentration in the electrode and reduces the electrode. The reaction efficiency further reduces the working efficiency of the direct liquid fuel cell.

At the same time, borohydride solution is prone to hydrolysis to generate hydrogen under natural conditions, and hydrogen peroxide is prone to generate oxygen under natural conditions, which reduces the conversion rate of chemical energy of fuel and oxidant to electrical energy to a certain extent; In the road, the generated gas and fuel are easily mixed, difficult to discharge, and easy to stay inside the battery, which affects the efficient operation of the battery.

Therefore, in view of the problems of fuel product blending, uneven fuel concentration distribution, and low cell reaction efficiency in the process of fuel cell fuel flow reaction, a fuel product phase-separated downstream transfer, uniform fuel concentration distribution, and efficient use of fuel oxidant high-efficiency fuel cells are urgently needed.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a fuel cell for efficient utilization of fuel and its working method with uniform circulation, co-current transmission, multi-stage utilization, and high-efficiency reaction, so as to improve the utilization rate of fuel oxidant, Improve the working efficiency of fuel cells.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions to realize:

The efficient utilization of fuel cells for material separation and transmission includes an anode flow field plate, an anode buffer chamber, an anode electrode, an exchange membrane, a cathode electrode, a cathode buffer chamber and a cathode flow field plate arranged on the fuel cell body;

The anode flow field plate is independently provided with a borohydride supply pipeline, a borohydride product discharge pipeline, a hydrogen product discharge pipeline and a hydrogen supply pipeline, and the anode flow field plate is also provided with a pipeline that is respectively connected to the borohydride. The borohydride supply branch, the borohydride product discharge branch, the hydrogen product discharge branch and the hydrogen supply branch connected with the hydrogen product supply pipeline, the borohydride product discharge pipeline, the hydrogen product discharge pipeline and the hydrogen supply pipeline , the outlets of each branch are evenly staggered and communicated with the anode buffer cavity respectively;

The cathode flow field plate is independently provided with a hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline, a hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline, an oxygen product discharge pipeline and an oxygen supply pipeline, and the cathode flow field plate is also provided with a pipeline that is respectively connected to the peroxide product. Hydrogen supply pipeline, hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline, hydrogen peroxide supply branch connected with oxygen product discharge pipeline and oxygen supply pipeline, hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch, oxygen product discharge branch, oxygen supply branch , the outlets of each branch are evenly distributed and communicated with the cathode buffer cavity respectively;

The anode electrode is provided with an anode electrode isolation section, the cathode electrode is provided with a cathode electrode isolation section, and the anode electrode isolation section and the cathode electrode isolation section respectively isolate the anode electrode and the cathode electrode from top to bottom and are divided into an upper half section and a lower half section. , so that the fluid does not communicate with each other in the upper and lower half of the anode electrode and the cathode electrode;

The position where the hydrogen product discharge branch and the hydrogen supply branch communicate with the anode buffer chamber are located in the upper half of the anode electrode, and the position where the borohydride supply branch and the borohydride product discharge branch communicate with the anode buffer chamber are located in the lower half of the anode electrode; At the same time, the borohydride product discharge pipeline is located in the lower half of the anode flow field plate, the hydrogen supply pipeline is located in the upper half of the anode flow field plate, the borohydride product discharge pipeline is communicated with the hydrogen supply pipeline, and the borohydride product An anode gas-liquid separation section is arranged in the product discharge pipeline near the outlet;

The oxygen product discharge branch, the oxygen supply branch and the cathode buffer chamber are located in the upper half of the cathode electrode, and the hydrogen peroxide supply branch, the hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch and the cathode buffer chamber are located under the cathode electrode. Half section; the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline is located in the lower half of the cathode flow field plate, the oxygen supply pipeline is located in the upper half of the cathode flow field plate, and the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline is communicated with the oxygen supply pipeline , a cathode gas-liquid separation degree section is arranged in the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline near the outlet.

Further, the anode buffer cavity is the cavity part of the anode current collector plate with hole distribution, the holes in the anode current collector plate and the borohydride supply branch, the borohydride product discharge branch, and the hydrogen product discharge branch. It communicates with the hydrogen supply branch; the cathode buffer cavity is the cavity part of the cathode current collector plate with hole distribution, and the holes in the cathode current collector plate are connected with the hydrogen peroxide supply branch, the hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch, and the oxygen product discharge. The branch and the oxygen supply branch are communicated.

Further, the cathode current collector plate and the anode current collector plate are made of inorganic non-metallic or metallic conductive materials.

Further, the exchange membrane is an anion exchange membrane or a neutral exchange membrane.

Further, the anode electrode and the cathode electrode are conductive metal materials or carbon materials coated with corresponding catalysts and have a porous structure, and the structures include a support layer, a catalyst layer and a diffusion layer.

Further, the anode electrode isolation section and the cathode electrode isolation section are metal or non-metallic flat plates.

Further, the top of the anode flow field plate is provided with a hydrogen product outlet that communicates with the hydrogen product discharge pipeline, and the bottom is provided with a borohydride inlet that communicates with the borohydride supply pipeline and a borohydride product discharge pipeline. Export of borohydride products;

The top of the cathode flow field plate is provided with an oxygen product outlet that communicates with the oxygen product discharge pipeline, and the bottom is provided with a hydrogen peroxide inlet communicated with the hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline and hydrogen peroxide connected with the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline. product export.

A working method of a fuel cell, comprising the following steps:

Step S 100: The fuel is evenly distributed into the electrodes:

The borohydride solution is evenly distributed to the borohydride supply branch through the borohydride supply pipeline under the action of the pump, and further directly enters the anode electrode; at the same time, the hydrogen peroxide solution passes through the hydrogen peroxide under the action of the pump. The supply pipeline is evenly distributed to the hydrogen peroxide supply branch, and further directly enters the cathode electrode;

Step S200: battery discharge reaction:

The hydrogen peroxide on the cathode side undergoes a reduction reaction on the surface of the cathode electrode to obtain electrons from the external circuit, and the generated hydroxide enters the anode side through the exchange membrane, and the borohydride on the anode side undergoes an oxidation reaction with the hydroxide radical from the cathode side on the surface of the anode electrode. , generate electrons and water, the electrons lead to the cathode side through the external circuit, and at the same time in the battery, the borohydride on the anode side undergoes a hydrolysis reaction under natural conditions to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogen peroxide on the cathode side undergoes a decomposition reaction to generate oxygen;

Step S300: co-current outflow separation of primary products:

On the anode side, after the borohydride reaction is completed, the reaction products and hydrolysis products enter the borohydride product discharge pipeline through the borohydride product discharge branch. Under the action of gravity and the anode gas-liquid separation section, the hydrogen carries a small amount of water upwards. Enter the hydrogen supply pipeline connected to the borohydride product discharge pipeline above, and the liquid-phase product is discharged downward from the outlet of the borohydride product discharge pipeline;

On the cathode side, the reaction products and decomposition products enter the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline through the hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch. Under the action of the cathode gas-liquid separation stage, the oxygen carries a small amount of moisture and enters the upper part and the hydrogen peroxide product is discharged. The oxygen supply pipeline is connected by the pipeline, and the liquid-phase product is discharged downward from the outlet of the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline;

Step S400: battery secondary discharge reaction:

Oxygen on the cathode side is evenly distributed through the oxygen supply pipeline and enters the oxygen supply branch directly into the surface of the cathode electrode, where a reduction reaction occurs to obtain electrons from the external circuit, and hydroxide radicals are generated to enter the anode side through the exchange membrane, and the product and unreacted oxygen flow through The nearest oxygen product discharge branch is collected to the oxygen product discharge pipeline for discharge;

At the same time, the hydrogen on the anode side is evenly distributed through the hydrogen supply pipeline and enters the hydrogen supply branch directly into the surface of the anode electrode, where it undergoes oxidation reaction with the hydroxide from the cathode side to generate electrons and water. The electrons lead to the cathode side through the external circuit, and the product flows through The nearest hydrogen product discharge branch is collected to the hydrogen product discharge pipeline for discharge.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and effects:

The material separation and transmission fuel of the present invention utilizes the fuel cell and its working method efficiently. Product discharge pipelines and branches, and set up hydrogen product discharge pipelines, hydrogen supply pipelines and branches, oxygen product discharge pipelines, and oxygen supply branches as secondary recycling of products, not only raw materials and products are separated and transported, but also The product oxygen and hydrogen are introduced into the electrode for secondary use.

The flow field is transported longitudinally by the array evenly distributed on the electrode surface, so that the fuel and oxidant can reach the electrode surface directly and uniformly, avoiding the reaction caused by the uneven distribution of fuel and oxidant concentration on the electrode surface caused by the long process of the traditional flow field. The low efficiency enables fuels and oxidants to convert chemical energy into electrical energy more efficiently.

The fuel recovery flow field corresponding to the fuel delivery flow field is adopted to ensure the co-current transmission of the fuel and the product, avoid the mixing of the fuel or oxide and the product, further avoid the retention of the gas product inside the cell, and ensure the negative electrode of the electrode. The high concentration of fuel oxides improves the reaction efficiency.

The invention further recycles the gas product produced by the direct reaction of the battery based on the longitudinal reciprocating flow field of the array, so that the product hydrogen and the anode flow into the battery for secondary reaction, and the fuel oxidant multi-stage utilization flow field is designed based on the uniform downstream flow field, Improve the utilization rate of fuel oxidant and maximize the discharge efficiency of the battery.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structure schematic diagram of the present invention

Figure 2 is a side view of the battery current collector plate of the present invention

3 is a side view of the current collector plate borohydride product discharge flow path/hydrogen peroxide product discharge flow path and the hydrogen supply flow path/oxygen supply flow path of the present invention

4 is a side view of the borohydride supply flow path/hydrogen peroxide supply flow path and the hydrogen product discharge flow path/oxygen product discharge flow path of the battery of the present invention

In the figure: 1-Anode flow field plate, 2-Anode buffer chamber, 3-Anode electrode, 4-Exchange membrane, 5-Cathode electrode, 6-Cathode buffer chamber, 7-Cathode flow field plate, 8-Borohydride inlet , 9-Borohydride supply pipeline, 10-Borohydride supply branch, 11-Borohydride product outlet, 12-Anode gas-liquid separation section, 13-Borohydride product discharge pipeline, 14-Borohydride product Product discharge branch, 15-Anode electrode isolation section, 16-Hydrogen product discharge pipeline, 17-Hydrogen product discharge branch, 18-Hydrogen supply pipeline, 19-Hydrogen supply branch, 20-Hydrogen product outlet, 21- Hydrogen peroxide inlet, 22-hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline, 23-hydrogen peroxide supply branch, 24-hydrogen peroxide product outlet, 25-cathode gas-liquid separation degree section, 26-hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline, 27-Hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch, 28-Cathode electrode isolation section, 29-Oxygen product discharge pipeline, 30-Oxygen product discharge branch, 31-Oxygen supply pipeline, 32-Oxygen supply branch, 33-Oxygen product export.

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but it is not intended to limit the present invention.

Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the fuel cell for efficient utilization of fuel for material separation and transmission of the present invention includes an anode flow field plate 1, an anode buffer chamber 2, an anode electrode 3, an exchange membrane 4, a cathode electrode 5, Cathode buffer chamber 6 and cathode flow field plate 7 .

The anode flow field plate 1 is independently provided with a borohydride supply pipeline 9, a borohydride product discharge pipeline 13, a hydrogen product discharge pipeline 16 and a hydrogen supply pipeline 18. The anode flow field plate 1 is provided with a There are borohydride inlet 8, borohydride product outlet 11 and hydrogen product outlet 20, one end of borohydride supply pipeline 9, borohydride product discharge pipeline 13 and hydrogen product discharge pipeline 16 are respectively connected with borohydride inlet 8. , The borohydride product outlet 11 is communicated with the hydrogen product outlet 20, the other end of the borohydride supply pipeline 9, the borohydride product discharge pipeline 13 and the hydrogen product discharge pipeline 16 and the hydrogen supply pipeline 18 are all connected to the anode buffer chamber. 2 connected.

An anode gas-liquid separation section 12 is provided in the borohydride product discharge pipeline 13 near the borohydride product outlet 11 .

The cathode flow field plate 7 is independently provided with a hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline 22, a hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline 26, an oxygen product discharge pipeline 29 and an oxygen supply pipeline 31, and the cathode flow field plate 7 is provided with a peroxide product. The hydrogen inlet 21, the hydrogen peroxide product outlet 24 and the oxygen product outlet 33, one end of the hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline 22, the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline 26 and the oxygen product discharge pipeline 29 are respectively connected with the hydrogen peroxide inlet 21, the peroxide product The hydrogen product outlet 24 is communicated with the oxygen product outlet 33 , and the hydrogen peroxide supply line 22 , the hydrogen peroxide product discharge line 26 , the other end of the oxygen product discharge line 29 and the oxygen supply line 31 are all communicated with the cathode buffer chamber 6 .

A cathode gas-liquid separation degree section 25 is provided in the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline 26 near the hydrogen peroxide product outlet 24 .

In addition to the anode electrode body, the anode electrode 3 also includes an anode electrode isolation section 15 disposed on the anode electrode 3 ; the cathode electrode 5 includes a cathode electrode isolation section 28 disposed on the cathode electrode 5 in addition to the cathode electrode body. The anode electrode isolation section and the cathode electrode isolation section are metal or non-metallic flat plates that can isolate the upper and lower electrodes from each other.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the anode flow field plate 1 includes borohydride supply branches communicating with the borohydride supply line 9 , the borohydride product discharge line 13 , the hydrogen product discharge line 16 and the hydrogen supply line 18 respectively. Road 10 , borohydride product discharge branch 14 , hydrogen product discharge branch 17 , hydrogen supply branch 19 . The borohydride inlet 8, the borohydride supply pipeline 9, and the borohydride supply branch 10 communicate with each other. The borohydride product outlet 11, the borohydride product discharge pipeline 13, the borohydride product discharge branch 14 are connected, the hydrogen supply pipeline 18 is connected with the hydrogen supply branch 19, the hydrogen product discharge pipeline 16, the hydrogen product discharge branch The road 17 and the hydrogen product outlet 20 are connected; at the same time, the borohydride product discharge pipeline 13 is located in the lower half of the anode flow field plate 1, the hydrogen supply pipeline 18 is located in the upper half of the anode flow field plate 1, and the borohydride product discharge pipeline The path 13 communicates with the hydrogen supply line 18 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , the cathode flow field plate 7 includes hydrogen peroxide supply branches communicating with the hydrogen peroxide supply line 22 , the hydrogen peroxide product discharge line 26 , the oxygen product discharge line 29 and the oxygen supply line 31 respectively. Road 23 , hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch 27 , oxygen product discharge branch 30 , oxygen supply branch 32 . The hydrogen peroxide inlet 21, the hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline 22, and the hydrogen peroxide supply branch 23 are connected, the hydrogen peroxide product outlet 24, the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline 26, and the hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch 27 are connected, and the oxygen The supply pipeline 31 is communicated with the oxygen supply branch 32, and the oxygen product discharge pipeline 29, the oxygen product discharge branch 30, and the oxygen product outlet 33 are connected; meanwhile, the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline 26 is located in the lower half of the cathode flow field plate 7. The oxygen supply pipeline 31 is located in the upper half of the cathode flow field plate 7 , and the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline 26 communicates with the oxygen supply pipeline 31 .

As shown in FIG. 1 , the anode buffer chamber 2 is the cavity part of the anode current collector plate with hole distribution. The holes in the anode current collector plate should be connected with the borohydride supply branch 10 , the borohydride product discharge branch 14 , and the hydrogen gas. The product discharge branch 17 is communicated with the hydrogen supply branch 19; the cathode buffer chamber 6 is the cavity part of the cathode current collector plate with hole distribution, and the holes in the cathode current collector plate are connected with the hydrogen peroxide supply branch 23 and the hydrogen peroxide product The discharge branch 27, the oxygen product discharge branch 30, and the oxygen supply branch 32 are connected. The cathode current collector plate and the anode current collector plate should be made of inorganic nonmetals such as graphite or conductive materials such as stainless steel.

The anode electrode isolation section 15 divides the anode electrode 3 into the upper half section of the anode electrode and the lower half section of the anode electrode. The hydrogen product discharge branch 17 and the hydrogen supply branch 19 communicate with the anode current collector plate and are located in the upper half section of the anode electrode. The position where the material supply branch 10 and the borohydride product discharge branch 14 communicate with the anode current collector plate is located in the lower half of the anode electrode.

The cathode electrode isolation section 28 divides the cathode electrode 5 into the upper half section of the cathode electrode and the lower half section of the cathode electrode. The oxygen product discharge branch 30, the oxygen supply branch 32 and the cathode current collector plate are located in the upper half of the cathode electrode and are equally spaced. , Staggered arrangement, the hydrogen peroxide supply branch 23, the hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch 27 and the cathode current collector plate are located in the lower half of the cathode electrode and are equally spaced and staggered.

The fuel in the fuel cell should be a certain concentration of borohydride, including sodium borohydride, potassium borohydride and other solutions, and the oxidant should be a certain concentration of hydrogen peroxide solution. The exchange membrane 4 is an anion exchange membrane or a neutral exchange membrane.

The materials used for the anode flow field plate 1 and the cathode flow field plate 7 have the mechanical strength required by the fuel cell and the corrosion resistance to the fuel used, including inorganic non-metallic materials such as graphite, metal composite materials such as stainless steel, polymethyl methacrylate, etc. and other organic polymer materials.

The anode electrode 3 and the cathode electrode 5 should be a conductive metal material or a carbon material with a porous structure coated with a corresponding catalyst, and the structure includes a support layer, a catalyst layer and a diffusion layer.

The gas-liquid separation methods of the anode gas-liquid separation section 12 and the cathode gas-liquid separation section 25 include gravity sedimentation, baffle analysis, centrifugal force separation, wire mesh separation, ultrafiltration separation and packing separation, etc. The separation section 12 and the cathode gas-liquid separation degree section 25 are adjusted dynamically in the distribution positions of the borohydride product discharge pipeline 13-hydrogen supply pipeline 18 and the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline 26-oxygen supply pipeline 31.

The efficient utilization of fuel cells for material separation and transmission of fuels includes the following steps:

Step S100: the fuel is evenly distributed into the electrode: the borohydride solution enters the anode side of the fuel cell through the borohydride inlet 8, and is evenly distributed to the borohydride supply branch 10 through the borohydride supply pipeline 9 under the action of the pump power, Further directly into the anode electrode 3; at the same time, the hydrogen peroxide solution enters the cathode side of the fuel cell through the hydrogen peroxide inlet 21, and is evenly distributed to the hydrogen peroxide supply branch 23 through the hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline 22 under the action of the pump, Further directly into the cathode electrode 5;

Step S200: battery discharge reaction: the hydrogen peroxide on the cathode side undergoes a reduction reaction on the surface of the cathode electrode 5 to obtain electrons from the external circuit, and the generated hydroxide enters the anode side through the exchange membrane 4, and the borohydride on the anode side interacts with the surface of the anode electrode 3. The hydroxide from the cathode side undergoes an oxidation reaction to generate electrons and water, and the electrons lead to the cathode side through an external circuit. At the same time, in the battery, the anode side borohydride undergoes a hydrolysis reaction under natural conditions to generate hydrogen, and the cathode side hydrogen peroxide occurs. The decomposition reaction produces oxygen;

Step S300: Cocurrent flow separation of the primary product: On the anode side, after the borohydride reaction is completed, the reaction products and hydrolyzed products flow into the borohydride product discharge branch 14 closest to the outlet of the borohydride supply branch 10 and further. Entering the borohydride product discharge pipeline 13, under the action of gravity and the anode gas-liquid separation section 12, the hydrogen carries a small amount of water and enters the hydrogen supply pipeline 18, and the liquid-phase product descends and is discharged from the borohydride product outlet 11; on the cathode side , the reaction product and the decomposition product are further entered into the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline 26 by the hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch 27 closest to the outlet of the nearest hydrogen peroxide supply branch 23, and act in the cathode gas-liquid separation degree section 25. At the bottom, the oxygen carries a small amount of moisture upward and enters the oxygen supply pipeline 31, and the liquid-phase product descends and is discharged from the hydrogen peroxide product outlet 24;

Step S400 : the secondary discharge reaction of the battery: the oxygen on the cathode side is evenly distributed through the oxygen supply pipeline 31 into the oxygen supply branch 32 and directly enters the surface of the cathode electrode, where a reduction reaction occurs to obtain electrons from the external circuit, and hydroxide radicals are generated through the exchange membrane 4 Entering the anode side, the product and unreacted oxygen flow through the nearest oxygen product discharge branch 30 and are collected to the oxygen product discharge pipeline 29 and discharged through the oxygen product outlet 33; at the same time, the hydrogen on the anode side is evenly distributed into the hydrogen through the hydrogen supply pipeline 18 The supply branch 19 directly enters the surface of the anode electrode, and undergoes an oxidation reaction with the hydroxide radical from the cathode side to generate products such as electrons and water. The electrons lead to the cathode side through an external circuit, and the products flow through the nearest hydrogen product discharge branch 17 to collect. To the hydrogen product discharge line 16 is discharged through the hydrogen product outlet 20 .

Compared with the traditional technology, the present invention adopts an array that is uniformly distributed on the electrode surface to transport the flow field longitudinally, so that the fuel and oxidant can reach the electrode surface directly and uniformly, avoiding the electrode surface caused by the long process flow of the traditional flow field. The reaction efficiency is low due to the uneven distribution of the concentration of the fuel and the oxidant, so that the fuel and the oxidant can convert chemical energy into electrical energy more efficiently; the present invention adopts a fuel recovery flow field corresponding to the fuel delivery flow field to ensure that the fuel and products It avoids the mixing of fuel or oxides and products, further avoids the retention of gaseous products in the cell, and at the same time ensures the high concentration of fuel oxides in the electrode anode and improves the reaction efficiency; the invention is based on the longitudinal reciprocating flow of the array. The field further recycles the gas product produced by the direct reaction of the battery, so that the product hydrogen and the anode flow into the battery for secondary reaction, so as to maximize the discharge efficiency of the battery.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit them. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: Modifications or equivalent substitutions are made to the specific embodiments, and any modifications or equivalent substitutions that do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall all be included in the scope of the present claims.

Claims (8)

1. A fuel cell for efficient utilization of fuel by material separation and transmission, characterized in that it comprises an anode flow field plate (1), an anode buffer chamber (2), an anode electrode (3), an exchange membrane (4), an anode flow field plate (1), an anode buffer chamber (2), an anode electrode (3), an a cathode electrode (5), a cathode buffer chamber (6) and a cathode flow field plate (7); The anode flow field plate (1) is independently provided with a borohydride supply pipeline (9), a borohydride product discharge pipeline (13), a hydrogen product discharge pipeline (16) and a hydrogen supply pipeline ( 18), the anode flow field plate (1) is also provided with a borohydride supply pipeline (9), a borohydride product discharge pipeline (13), a hydrogen product discharge pipeline (16) and a hydrogen supply pipeline respectively. (18) The connected borohydride supply branch (10), the borohydride product discharge branch (14), the hydrogen product discharge branch (17) and the hydrogen supply branch (19), the outlets of each branch are evenly distributed in a staggered manner and communicate with the anode buffer chamber (2) respectively; The cathode flow field plate (7) is independently provided with a hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline (22), a hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline (26), an oxygen product discharge pipeline (29) and an oxygen supply pipeline ( 31), the cathode flow field plate (7) is also provided with a hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline (22), a hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline (26), an oxygen product discharge pipeline (29) and an oxygen supply pipeline respectively. (31) The connected hydrogen peroxide supply branch (23), the hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch (27), the oxygen product discharge branch (30), and the oxygen supply branch (32), the outlets of each branch are evenly distributed in a staggered manner and communicate with the cathode buffer chamber (6) respectively; The anode electrode (3) is provided with an anode electrode isolation section (15), the cathode electrode (5) is provided with a cathode electrode isolation section (28), an anode electrode isolation section (15) and a cathode electrode isolation section (28) The anode electrode (3) and the cathode electrode (5) are isolated from the upper and lower sections and divided into an upper half section and a lower half section, so that the fluid does not communicate with each other in the upper and lower half sections of the anode electrode (3) and the cathode electrode (5); The hydrogen product discharge branch (17) and the hydrogen supply branch (19) communicate with the anode buffer chamber (2) at the upper half of the anode electrode, and the borohydride supply branch (10) and the borohydride product discharge branch ( 14) The communication position with the anode buffer chamber (2) is located in the lower half of the anode electrode; at the same time, the borohydride product discharge pipeline (13) is located in the lower half of the anode flow field plate (1), and the hydrogen supply pipeline (18) Located in the upper half of the anode flow field plate (1), the borohydride product discharge pipeline (13) is communicated with the hydrogen supply pipeline (18), and an anode is provided in the borohydride product discharge pipeline (13) near the outlet gas-liquid separation section (12); The oxygen product discharge branch (30), the oxygen supply branch (32) and the cathode buffer chamber (6) are located in the upper half of the cathode electrode, and the hydrogen peroxide supply branch (23) and the hydrogen peroxide product are discharged The position where the branch circuit (27) communicates with the cathode buffer chamber (6) is located in the lower half of the cathode electrode; the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline (26) is located in the lower half of the cathode flow field plate (7), and the oxygen supply pipe The pipeline (31) is located in the upper half of the cathode flow field plate (7), the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline (26) is communicated with the oxygen supply pipeline (31), and the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline (26) is close to the outlet The position is provided with a cathode gas-liquid separation degree section (25). 2 . The fuel cell according to claim 1 , wherein the anode buffer cavity ( 2 ) is a cavity part of an anode current collector plate with pore distribution, and the pores in the anode current collector plate are connected with borohydride. 3 . The supply branch (10), the borohydride product discharge branch (14), the hydrogen product discharge branch (17) and the hydrogen supply branch (19) are in communication; the cathode buffer chamber (6) is a cathode current collector with pore distribution The cavity part of the plate, the holes in the cathode collector plate and the hydrogen peroxide supply branch (23), the hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch (27), the oxygen product discharge branch (30), the oxygen supply branch (32) ) connected. 3 . The fuel cell according to claim 2 , wherein the cathode current collector plate and the anode current collector plate are made of inorganic non-metallic or metallic conductive materials. 4 . 4. The fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the exchange membrane (4) is an anion exchange membrane or a neutral exchange membrane. 5. The fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the anode electrode (3) and the cathode electrode (5) are conductive metal materials or carbon materials coated with corresponding catalysts and having a porous structure. Including support layer, catalytic layer and diffusion layer. 6. The fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the anode electrode isolation section (15) and the cathode electrode isolation section (28) are metal or non-metallic flat plates. 7. The fuel cell according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the top of the anode flow field plate (1) is provided with a hydrogen product outlet (20) communicating with the hydrogen product discharge pipeline (16), and the bottom is provided with a hydrogen product outlet (20). Open a borohydride product inlet (8) communicated with the borohydride supply pipeline (9) and a borohydride product outlet (11) communicated with the borohydride product discharge pipeline (13); The top of the cathode flow field plate (7) is provided with an oxygen product outlet (33) that communicates with the oxygen product discharge pipeline (29), and a hydrogen peroxide inlet (21) communicated with the hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline (22) is provided at the bottom. ) and a hydrogen peroxide product outlet (24) in communication with a hydrogen peroxide product discharge line (26). 8. A working method of the fuel cell according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: Step S100: The fuel is evenly distributed into the electrodes: The borohydride solution is evenly distributed to the borohydride supply branch (10) through the borohydride supply pipeline (9) under the action of the pump, and further directly enters the anode electrode (3); at the same time, the hydrogen peroxide solution Under the action of pump work, it is evenly distributed to the hydrogen peroxide supply branch (23) through the hydrogen peroxide supply pipeline (22), and further directly enters the cathode electrode (5); Step S200: battery discharge reaction: The hydrogen peroxide on the cathode side undergoes a reduction reaction on the surface of the cathode electrode (5) to obtain electrons from the external circuit, and the generated hydroxide enters the anode side through the exchange membrane (4), and the borohydride on the anode side is on the surface of the anode electrode (3). The hydroxide on the cathode side undergoes an oxidation reaction to generate electrons and water, and the electrons lead to the cathode side through an external circuit. At the same time, in the battery, the borohydride on the anode side undergoes a hydrolysis reaction under natural conditions to generate hydrogen, and the hydrogen peroxide on the cathode side is decomposed. The reaction produces oxygen; Step S300: co-current outflow separation of the primary product: On the anode side, after the borohydride reaction is completed, the reaction products and hydrolyzed products enter the borohydride product discharge pipeline (13) through the borohydride product discharge branch (14), and are separated in the gravity and anode gas-liquid separation section (12). Under the action of ), the hydrogen carries a small amount of water up into the hydrogen supply pipeline (18) connected to the borohydride product discharge pipeline (13) above, and the liquid-phase product goes down through the outlet of the borohydride product discharge pipeline (13). ; On the cathode side, the reaction products and decomposition products enter the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline (26) through the hydrogen peroxide product discharge branch (27), and under the action of the cathode gas-liquid separation degree section (25), the oxygen carries a small amount of moisture The upward flow enters the oxygen supply pipeline (31) connected with the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline (26) above, and the liquid-phase product is discharged downward from the outlet of the hydrogen peroxide product discharge pipeline (26); Step S400: battery secondary discharge reaction: Oxygen on the cathode side is evenly distributed through the oxygen supply pipeline (31) and enters the oxygen supply branch (32) directly into the surface of the cathode electrode, where a reduction reaction occurs to obtain electrons from the external circuit, and hydroxide radicals are generated to enter the anode side through the exchange membrane (4). , the product and unreacted oxygen flow through the nearest oxygen product discharge branch (30) to be collected to the oxygen product discharge pipeline (29) for discharge; At the same time, the hydrogen on the anode side is evenly distributed through the hydrogen supply pipeline (18) and enters the hydrogen supply branch (19) directly into the surface of the anode electrode, where it undergoes an oxidation reaction with the hydroxide radicals from the cathode side to generate electrons and water, and the electrons pass through the external circuit to the On the cathode side, the product flows through the nearest hydrogen product discharge branch (17) and is collected to the hydrogen product discharge pipeline (16) for discharge.

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