CN109833311A - 一种口溶膜组合物 - Google Patents
一种口溶膜组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN109833311A CN109833311A CN201811402659.4A CN201811402659A CN109833311A CN 109833311 A CN109833311 A CN 109833311A CN 201811402659 A CN201811402659 A CN 201811402659A CN 109833311 A CN109833311 A CN 109833311A
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- mouth
- molten film
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- molten
- cellulose
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种口溶膜组合物。具体而言,本发明涉及的口溶膜组合物包含活性成分、成膜聚合物、聚葡萄糖以及表面活性剂。本发明的口溶膜组合物具有口感好和活性成分分布均匀的优点,并且经长时间储存后活性成分不聚集。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及制药领域,具体涉及一种口溶膜组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
口服给药是药物最常用的给药方式,但是对于不同服用者来说不同的剂型适用于不同的服用者。如片剂、胶囊等一些剂型对于老人、儿童以及一些吞咽困难的患者来说存在着服用困难的问题。其他制剂如颗粒剂、口服液、干混悬剂等等一些剂型同等剂量的药物服用的体积较大,更增加了患者的服用困难程度;而口溶膜剂的优点是制剂的比表面积较大,可以在口腔中迅速溶解,分散成药物和辅料的混悬液方便吞服,无需喝水;口溶膜剂中辅料的用量少,含量准确,与溶液或者悬浮液类型的药物制剂相比稳定性更好,配伍变化少,易于携带。此外,膜剂可以具有高的粘膜粘附性,使得该膜粘附在使用者的口内侧或上颚,从而限制或者完全防止使用者将其取出,避免药物的滥用。
现有技术中有多篇文献报道了口溶膜剂及其制备方法,例如US7425292、US8765167、US9095577等。
聚葡萄糖(polydextrose,CAS:[68424-04-4]),是一种性能良好的水溶性膳食纤维,在医药、保健品、抗冻剂、焙烤食品等多个领域中有应用价值和发展潜力。聚葡萄糖广泛的用于多种药物制剂中,但主要是固体剂型,其溶液可以作为湿法制粒的粘合剂,还可以作为直接压片的辅料,聚葡萄糖溶液与其他材料联用,可作为片剂的包衣材料。
膜剂剂型的药物,一般是采用合成高分子成膜材料,都存在成膜之后湿度难以控制导致膜剂的脆性大、柔韧性差,稳定性难以控制以及口感变差等问题。为了使口服膜剂柔软不易碎且口感得到改善,需要加入具有保湿性能和改善制剂口感的辅料。
膜剂产品在储存过程中也存在着一些问题,比如膜剂在储存较长时间后,其中的活性物质会发生聚集,影响膜剂的口感及溶出,导致治疗效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种新的口溶膜组合物及制备方法,改善口溶膜的口感和均匀度。
本发明一方面提供了一种口溶膜组合物,包含活性成分、成膜聚合物、聚葡萄糖以及表面活性剂。
本发明所述的活性成分可以是制药和美容活性成分,例如药物、抗原或变应原、口腔清洁组分、调味剂、香味剂、酶、防腐剂、甜味剂、着色剂、香料、维生素或其组合。
其中,可用药物的例子包括ace-抑制剂、抗心绞痛药、抗心率失常药、抗喘药、降胆固醇药、镇痛药、麻醉药、抗惊厥药、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病剂、止泻药、解毒药、抗组胺药、抗高血压药、抗炎剂、抗脂剂、抗躁狂药、抗呕吐药、抗中风药、抗甲状腺制剂、抗肿瘤药、抗病毒剂、痤疮药、生物碱类药物、氨基酸制剂、镇咳药、抗尿酸药、抗病毒药、组成代谢制剂、全身性和非全身性抗感染药、抗肿瘤药、抗震颤麻痹剂、抗风湿剂、食欲刺激剂、生物应答调节剂、血液调节剂、骨代谢调节剂、心血管剂、中枢神经系统刺激剂、胆碱脂酶抑制剂、避孕药、减充血药、食品添加剂、多巴胺受体激动剂、子宫内膜异位治疗剂、酶、勃起功能障碍治疗剂、胃肠道制剂、类似疗法剂、激素、高钙血症和低钙血症治疗剂、免疫调节剂、免疫抑制剂、偏头痛制剂、晕动病治疗剂、肌肉松弛剂、肥胖治疗剂、骨质疏松症制剂、催产药、副交感神经阻滞药、拟副交感神经药、前列腺素、心理治疗剂、呼吸制剂、镇静剂、戒烟辅助制剂、交感神经阻滞药、震颤制剂、尿道制剂、血管扩张剂、泻药、抗酸药、离子交换树脂、退热药、食欲抑制剂、祛痰药、抗焦虑剂、抗溃疡剂、抗炎物质、冠状动脉扩张剂、脑血管扩张剂、外周血管扩张剂、精神活性药物、兴奋剂、抗高血压药物、血管收缩药、偏头痛治疗药、抗生素、镇定剂、抗精神病剂、抗肿瘤药、抗凝结剂、抗血栓药、催眠药、止吐药、止恶心剂、抗惊厥药、神经肌肉药、高血糖和低血糖剂、甲状腺和抗甲状腺制剂、利尿剂、解痉药、子宫松弛药、抗肥胖药、红细胞生成药、抗喘药、咳嗽抑制剂、粘液溶解剂、DNA和基因改性剂,以及它们的组合。
在一些实施方式中,可用的活性成分可以是抗偏头痛药,如舒马曲普坦、那拉曲普坦、佐米曲普坦、利扎曲普坦、阿莫曲普坦、依来曲普坦、夫罗曲普坦等;镇痛剂,如羟考酮、布洛芬、阿司匹林、对乙酰氨基酚等;止吐药,如格拉司琼、阿扎司琼、托烷司琼、雷莫司琼、昂丹司琼、来立司琼、西兰司琼等;抗精神病药,如奥氮平、利培酮、喹硫平、阿立哌唑、齐拉西酮等;治疗勃起功能障碍药物,如西地那非、他达拉非、伐地那非、阿朴吗啡、前列地尔等;肝病用药,如甘草甜酸、谷胱甘肽、阿德福韦酯、恩替卡韦、拉米夫定、替诺福韦、索非布韦等。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述活性成分可以是昂丹司琼、佐米曲普坦、奥氮平、恩替卡韦或他达拉非。
本发明所述的成膜聚合物可以是一种或多种水溶性聚合物、水不溶性聚合物或者水溶性聚合物和水不溶性聚合物的组合。
其中,水溶性聚合物包括但不限于水溶性多糖、纤维素聚合物或纤维素衍生物聚合物以及水溶性合成聚合物。
所述的水溶性多糖包括但不限于海藻酸盐、角叉菜胶、瓜尔胶、阿拉伯胶、琼脂、黄原胶、结冷胶、阿拉伯树胶及相关的树胶、刺梧桐胶、西黄蓍胶以及果胶。
所述的纤维素聚合物和纤维素衍生物聚合物包括但不限于烷基纤维素、羟烷基纤维素和羟烷基烷基纤维素(例如甲基纤维素、羟甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟乙基甲基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、羟丁基甲基纤维素)、纤维素酯和羟烷基纤维素酯(例如邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素)、羧烷基纤维素、羧烷基烷基纤维素、羧烷基纤维素酯(例如羧甲基纤维素及其碱金属盐)。在一些优选的实施方案中,所述纤维素聚合物和纤维素衍生物聚合物包括但不限于甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羟丙基乙基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基甲基纤维素、邻苯二甲酸乙酸纤维素、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素及其组合。最优选的纤维素聚合物是羟丙基甲基纤维素。
所述合成聚合物包括但不限于聚丙烯酸及聚丙烯酸酯、聚甲基丙烯酸及聚甲基丙烯酸酯、聚环氧烷(例如聚氧乙烯)、聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯醇、邻苯二甲酸聚乙酸乙烯酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙酸乙烯酯共聚物和聚巴豆酸,还可以是邻苯二甲酸化的明胶、琥拍酰明胶、交联明胶、虫胶、淀粉的水溶性化学衍生物、具有例如叔或季氨基(例如二乙氨基乙基)的阳离子修饰的丙烯酸酯和甲基丙烯酸酯。最优选的合成聚合物是聚氧乙烯。
所述的水不溶性聚合物包括但不限于乙基纤维素、邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素、邻苯二甲酸羟丙甲基纤维素、丙烯酸聚合物、乙酸乙烯酯、磺化聚酯钠盐、羧化丙烯酸类、三甲基戊二醇/己二酸/甘油交联聚合物、聚丙三醇-2-二异硬脂酸酯/IPDI共聚物、羧化乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯/氨基丙烯酸烷基酯三元共聚物、乙烯吡咯烷酮/乙酸乙烯酯共聚物。
所述的成膜聚合物不包含聚葡萄糖。
在某些优选的实施方式中,所述成膜聚合物为聚氧乙烯和羟丙甲基纤维素的组合。其中聚氧乙烯和羟丙甲基纤维素的重量比为1:1~8:1。
本发明所述的表面活性剂可以是非离子,阴离子,阳离子和两性离子表面活性剂。例如泊洛沙姆、吐温-80、单硬脂酸甘油酯、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油35、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油40、聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(Vitamin E TPGS)、聚甘油-10月桂酸酯、卡波姆、十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、多库酯钠、胆酸钠、脱氧胆酸钠、油酸钾、卵磷脂、壳聚糖、聚赖氨酸、蛋白质、磷脂、磷脂酰胆碱、明胶、阿拉伯胶中的一种或多种,更优选泊洛沙姆。
可用的非离子表面活性剂包括但不限于泊洛沙姆、吐温20、吐温21、吐温40、吐温60、吐温61、吐温80、吐温81、吐温85、蔗糖脂肪酸酯、聚羟基硬脂酸羟基硬脂酸酯15、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油35、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油40、聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯(Vitamin E TPGS)、聚甘油-10月桂酸酯、卡波姆、共聚维酮、聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯、聚氧乙烯脂肪醇醚、单硬脂酸甘油酯、聚氧乙烯400单月桂酸酯、聚氧乙烯400单硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯400单油酸酯。
可用的阴离子表面活性剂包括但不限于二辛基琥珀酸钠(DOSS)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SLS)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、多库酯钠、胆酸钠、脱氧胆酸钠、牛黄胆酸钠、油酸钾、油酸钠。
可用的阳离子表面活性剂包括但不限于聚合物、生物聚合物、聚-N-甲基吡啶鎓、硫酸吡啶鎓氯化物、阳离子磷脂、壳聚糖、聚赖氨酸、聚乙烯咪唑、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯三甲基溴化铵(PMMTMABr)、己基甲基三甲基溴化铵(HDMAB)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮-2-二甲氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸二甲酯硫酸盐。
可用的两性离子表面活性剂包括但不限于蛋白质、磷脂、两性离子聚合物等,例如可以是磷脂酰胆碱、卵磷脂、明胶等。
基于口溶膜组合物的总重量,所述活性成分的含量为1%~30%,优选1%~20%,成膜聚合物的含量为30%~90%,优选40%~70%,聚葡萄糖的含量为10%~60%,优选20%~40%,表面活性剂的含量为1%~5%,优选2%~4%。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的组合物还包含一种或多种甜味剂或芳香剂,例如蔗糖、甘露醇、三氯蔗糖、单甘草酸铵、阿斯巴坦、桉树油、甜橙油、薄荷油、薄荷素油、薄荷醇等。基于口溶膜组合物的总重量,所述甜味剂或芳香剂的含量为0.1%~40%。
本发明的口溶膜组合物还可包括其它辅料,例如色素、抗氧剂或防腐剂等。
在某些实施方式中,本发明的口溶膜组合物为单层膜。
本发明另一方面提供了一种口溶膜组合物,包含基于口溶膜组合物的总重量的:
1)1%~20%的昂丹司琼、佐米曲普坦、奥氮平、恩替卡韦或他达拉非;
2)10%~50%的聚氧乙烯;
3)10%~30%的羟丙甲基纤维素;
4)1%~5%的表面活性剂,选自聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十二烷基硫酸钠、吐温80、泊洛沙姆、多库酯钠中的一种或多种,优选泊洛沙姆;
5)10%~60%的聚葡萄糖,以及任选的,
6)0.1%~40%的甜味剂或芳香剂,选自蔗糖、甘露醇、三氯蔗糖、单甘草酸铵、阿斯巴坦、桉树油、甜橙油、薄荷油、薄荷素油、薄荷醇中的一种或多种。
在某些实施方式中,聚葡萄糖的含量可以是20%~40%。
本发明另一方面提供了一种制备本发明所述的口溶膜组合物的方法,包括将活性成分、成膜聚合物、聚葡萄糖以及表面活性剂混合得胶液,并将胶液刮涂、烘干。
其中,制备过程使用的溶剂可以是水、有机溶剂或它们的组合,优选水和醇的组合,更优选水和乙醇的组合。
本发明的口溶膜组合物具有口感好和活性成分分布均匀的优点。由于加入了聚葡萄糖,制备得到的口溶膜不刺激,没有砂砾感,柔韧性好,提高了患者的顺应性。另外,口溶膜具有一定的柔性和韧性,在运输、贮藏和使用的过程中不易发生断裂、破碎等现象。
泊洛沙姆等表面活性剂的加入同样取得了预料不到的技术效果。相比于不加表面活性剂的市售制剂以及其他现有的膜剂产品,本发明的口溶膜组合物膜剂组成成分更少,成膜外观和口感好,储存稳定性优,活性成分在长时间储存后没有发生聚集,产品的有效期得以提高。
附图说明
图1为本发明制备的昂丹司琼口溶膜剂在四种介质中的溶出情况;
图2为市售昂丹司琼口溶膜外观显微照片;
图3为实施例1得到的昂丹司琼口溶膜制剂A外观显微照片;
图4为放置不同时间的外观对比;
图5为制剂A放置不同时间的外观对比。
具体实施方式
实施例1:昂丹司琼口溶膜
各个处方用量情况见表1,处方评价见表2。
表1:
昂丹司琼原料经机械粉碎机(筛网孔径为0.5mm)粉碎。将处方量的昂丹司琼置于均质机的主罐中,加入泊洛沙姆(制剂D中不添加)、无水乙醇和水,搅拌均匀。将聚葡萄糖,聚氧乙烯的水溶液以及羟丙甲基纤维素的水溶液加入到主罐中,真空搅拌,高速剪切15min,得胶液。将胶液在连续型涂布机上进行刮涂,烘干成型,并剪切成规定面积的薄膜,包装封口。
表2:
综合膜剂口腔中溶解时间、口感、拉断力和180°弯折实验结果分析,聚葡萄糖可以明显改善膜剂在口中的口感,并且增加膜剂的柔性。表面活性剂的加入有助于原料分散均匀,防止原料聚集。
实施例2:恩替卡韦口溶膜
各个处方用量情况及评价见表3。
表3
将恩替卡韦用无水乙醇分散。加入泊洛沙姆的水溶液,搅拌至恩替卡韦完全溶解。向其中加入麦芽糖醇、柠檬香精、柠檬黄、聚葡萄糖、聚氧乙烯、羟丙甲纤维素水溶液搅拌均匀。高速剪切,静置,得胶液。将胶液在连续型涂布机上进行刮涂,烘干成型,并剪切成规定面积的薄膜,包装封口。
经过实验分析,聚葡萄糖能改善口溶膜的口感和质地。
实施例3溶出试验:
依照溶出度测定法(中国药典2015年版四部通则0931第四法),取昂丹司琼口溶膜制剂A经连续涂布机涂布后得到的膜剂2*3cm,固定于两层碟片的中央位置,将网碟置于溶出杯的下部,使其与桨底旋转面平行,相距25±2mm,进行测定,溶出温度37±0.5℃,溶出介质体积为900ml,转速为每分钟50转。溶出介质分别为0.1M盐酸溶液、pH4.5醋酸盐缓冲溶液、pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲溶液和纯化水四种。
结果(见图1):本发明制备的昂丹司琼口溶膜剂在四种介质中的溶出情况无明显差别,10min溶出度均到达80%以上。具有速溶膜剂的特点。
实施例4:昂丹司琼口溶膜外观对比
将自制制剂与市售制剂10~30℃长时间放置,对比外观变化。
图2为放置2.5年的市售昂丹司琼口溶膜照片(放大50倍),图3为放置4年的自制昂丹司琼口溶膜制剂A照片(放大50倍)。从照片上可以明显看出,加入表面活性剂制备得到的口溶膜制剂A外观更均匀,看不到明显的颗粒。
图4为市售昂丹司琼口溶膜放置不同时间的对比(左4年,右2年),图5为制剂A放置不同时间的对比(左4年,右3个月)。可以看出,同样是放置4年后,市售制剂膜剂产品的均匀度很差,而自制制剂产品的均匀度仍然保持良好。
实施例5:
将实施例1中的制剂A样品在不同放置条件下进行稳定性试验,结果如下表所示。由表中可以看出,放置36个月后,本发明的膜剂质量没有明显变化,稳定性良好。
放置条件 | 30℃,RH 65% | 25℃,RH 60% |
时间(月) | 总杂(%) | 总杂(%) |
0 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
3 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
6 | 0.25 | 0.24 |
9 | 0.30 | 0.28 |
12 | 0.31 | 0.32 |
18 | 0.32 | 0.24 |
24 | 0.28 | 0.29 |
36 | 0.26 | 0.27 |
将实施例1中的制剂A样品和市售参比制剂在40℃,RH 75%的条件下进行加速稳定性试验,结果如下表所示。由表中可以看出,自制制剂A的有关物质水平明显好于市售制剂。
Claims (13)
1.口溶膜组合物,包含活性成分、成膜聚合物、聚葡萄糖以及表面活性剂,其中活性成分选自昂丹司琼、佐米曲普坦、奥氮平、恩替卡韦或他达拉非。
2.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜组合物,其特征在于,所述成膜聚合物为水溶性聚合物,优选羟丙甲纤维素、甲基纤维素、乙基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素、羟乙基纤维素、羟丙基纤维素、羟丙基乙基纤维素、邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素、邻苯二甲酸羟丙基甲基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙烯醇、聚氧乙烯、聚环氧乙烷、聚乙二醇、黄原胶、龙须胶、瓜尔胶、金合欢胶、阿拉伯树胶、聚丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸甲酯共聚物、羧乙烯基共聚物、淀粉、明胶中的一种或多种,更优选聚氧乙烯和羟丙甲基纤维素的组合。
3.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜组合物,其特征在于,所述的表面活性剂选自聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯、吐温80、泊洛沙姆、15-羟基硬脂酸聚乙二醇酯、卵磷脂、脱氧胆酸钠、胆酸钠、多库酯钠、十二烷基硫酸钠、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油35、聚氧乙烯氢化蓖麻油40、羟丙基纤维素、四丁酚醛、聚甘油-10月桂酸酯、卡波姆中的一种或多种,优选聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十二烷基硫酸钠、吐温80、泊洛沙姆、多库酯钠中的一种或多种,更优选泊洛沙姆。
4.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜组合物,其特征在于,所述的成膜聚合物不包含聚葡萄糖。
5.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜组合物,其特征在于,基于口溶膜组合物的总重量,所述活性成分的含量为1%~30%,优选1%~20%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜组合物,其特征在于,基于口溶膜组合物的总重量,所述成膜聚合物的含量为30~90%,优选40%~70%。
7.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜组合物,其特征在于,基于口溶膜组合物的总重量,所述聚葡萄糖的含量为10%~60%,优选20%~40%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜组合物,其特征在于,基于口溶膜组合物的总重量,所述表面活性剂的含量为1%~5%,优选2%~4%。
9.根据权利要求2所述的口溶膜组合物,其特征在于,聚氧乙烯和羟丙甲基纤维素的重量比为1:1~8:1。
10.根据权利要求1所述的口溶膜组合物,其特征在于,所述组合物还包含一种或多种甜味剂或芳香剂,优选蔗糖、甘露醇、三氯蔗糖、单甘草酸铵、阿斯巴坦、桉树油、甜橙油、薄荷油、薄荷素油、薄荷醇中的一种或多种,基于口溶膜组合物的总重量,所述甜味剂或芳香剂的含量为0.1%~40%。
11.口溶膜组合物,包含基于口溶膜组合物的总重量的:
1)1%~20%的昂丹司琼、佐米曲普坦、奥氮平、恩替卡韦或他达拉非;
2)10%~50%的聚氧乙烯;
3)10%~30%的羟丙甲基纤维素;
4)1%~5%的表面活性剂,选自聚乙二醇1000维生素E琥珀酸酯、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、十二烷基硫酸钠、吐温80、泊洛沙姆、多库酯钠中的一种或多种,优选泊洛沙姆;
5)10%~60%的聚葡萄糖,以及任选的,
6)0.1%~40%的甜味剂或芳香剂,选自蔗糖、甘露醇、三氯蔗糖、单甘草酸铵、阿斯巴坦、桉树油、甜橙油、薄荷油、薄荷素油、薄荷醇中的一种或多种。
12.一种制备如权利要求1~11任意一项所述的口溶膜组合物的方法,包括将活性成分、成膜聚合物、聚葡萄糖以及表面活性剂混合得胶液,将胶液刮涂、烘干。
13.根据权利要求12所述的制备方法,其特征在于,制备过程使用的溶剂为水、有机溶剂或它们的组合,优选水和醇的组合,更优选水和乙醇的组合。
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