CN109824774B - Method for recovering high active peptide - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for recovering high active peptide, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding diatomite and/or active carbon into the fish skin collagen peptide product subjected to enzymolysis for decoloration and deodorization, and then filtering and separating to obtain a collagen peptide product and diatomite and/or active carbon containing fishy smell substances; (2) loading the diatomite and/or the activated carbon containing fishy smell substances into a separation column; (3) sequentially carrying out gradient elution by using organic solvents with the concentrations of 60-65%, 75-80% and 80-85%, and collecting eluent; (4) evaporating to remove the organic solvent in the eluent to obtain a concentrated solution; (5) adding yeast into the concentrated solution for fermentation, and centrifuging to obtain supernatant A. The gradient elution will be eluted with hydrophobic peptides adsorbed on celite and/or activated carbon for recovery. Removing fishy smell substances in the recovered peptide by yeast fermentation. The organic solvent in the eluent is removed, and the organic solvent is prevented from generating adverse effect on the yeast fermentation process. The organic solvent can take off fishy smell substances such as trimethylamine, volatile fatty acid and the like in the evaporation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a recovery method, in particular to a method for recovering high active peptide.
Background
The collagen peptide is obtained by hydrolyzing fish skin collagen to obtain peptide with molecular weight below 3000Dal, and has high digestion and absorption rate, gastric mucosa protecting, and Ca promoting effects2+The collagen has the advantages and physiological functions of absorbing and regulating the oxidation-reduction state of the organism, resisting aging, reducing blood pressure and the like, and has wider application and market demand.
However, due to reasons of production raw materials, processing modes and the like, the fishskin collagen peptide has certain fishy smell and color, the popularization and development of collagen peptide products in the food industry are seriously influenced by the existence of the fishy smell and the color, the production process of the collagen peptide is less in deodorization and deodorization steps for removing the fishy smell and the color, and the methods for decoloring and deodorizing are divided into an activated carbon method, a diatomite method, a resin adsorption method, a microcapsule method, a membrane filtration method, an embedding method, an acid-base treatment method, extraction, a microbial fermentation method and the like.
The activated carbon and the diatomite have the advantages of developed void structure, large specific surface area, good adsorbability and the like, and are often used for the processes of decoloring and deodorizing collagen peptide singly or jointly. However, when the molecular diameter of the collagen peptide is less than or equal to the diameter of the pores of the activated carbon and the diatomite, the collagen peptide can be adsorbed by the activated carbon or the diatomite, and the loss of the collagen peptide and other problems are caused while the collagen peptide is quickly adsorbed with pigment and fishy smell.
No matter which kind of decoloration and deodorization technology has a certain loss rate for collagen peptide, the yield of the collagen peptide in the prior art is generally 85-90%, and the active carbon has strong hydrophobic substance adsorption capacity and good decoloration and deodorization effects, but simultaneously, a large amount of hydrophobic peptide is adsorbed and discarded, the antioxidant bioactivity of the hydrophobic peptide is strong, the adsorbed and lost peptide in the decoloration and deodorization technology accounts for 10-15%, and the antioxidant capacity of the active peptide is lost by 15-20%. The lost peptide has larger proportion of high-activity hydrophobic peptide, reduces the bioactivity and yield of the collagen peptide and causes resource waste. Therefore, the recovery of the part of lost peptide has important significance for improving the yield of the active peptide, reducing the cost, reducing the resource loss and reducing the pollution discharge.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the lost peptide in the decoloring and deodorizing process in the production of the fish skin collagen hydrolysate peptide product is recycled, so that the loss is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a method for recovering a highly active peptide comprising the steps of:
(1) adding diatomite and/or active carbon into the fish skin collagen peptide product subjected to enzymolysis for decoloration and deodorization, and then filtering and separating to obtain a collagen peptide product and diatomite and/or active carbon containing fishy smell substances;
(2) loading the diatomite and/or the activated carbon containing fishy smell substances into a separation column;
(3) sequentially carrying out gradient elution by using organic solvents with the concentrations of 60-65%, 75-80% and 80-85%, and collecting eluent;
(4) evaporating to remove the organic solvent in the eluent to obtain a concentrated solution;
(5) adding yeast into the concentrated solution for fermentation, and centrifuging to obtain supernatant A.
Further, in the step (2), before the diatomite and/or the activated carbon containing the fishy smell substances are loaded into the separation column, the diatomite and/or the activated carbon containing the fishy smell substances are put into ethanol with the concentration of 45% -50% for heavy suspension; and (4) loading the mixed suspension after the heavy suspension into a separation column, standing for at least 10min, and discharging clear liquid B.
Further, the method for recovering highly active peptide further comprises the step (6):
(6) and drying the supernatant A and the supernatant B to obtain the high active peptide dry powder.
Further, in the step (3), the step of gradient elution is: firstly using 60-65% ethanol with 1-2 times of column volume flow rate, then using 75-80% ethanol with 1-1.5 times of column volume flow rate, and finally using 80-85% ethanol with 1-1.5 times of column volume flow rate.
Further, in the step (5), saccharomyces cerevisiae is adopted for fermentation, the pH value of the fermentation is adjusted to 4.5-5.5, the addition amount of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1.5-2% of the concentrated solution, the fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2-2.5 h.
Further, in the step (4), a concentrated solution is obtained by adopting a rotary evaporation and reduced pressure concentration mode; the reduced pressure concentration temperature is 50-55 ℃; the pressure of the reduced pressure concentration is-0.05 to 0.15 MPa; concentrating under reduced pressure to volume of 30-35% of total volume of eluate.
Further, in the step (2), the column temperature is controlled at 30-40 ℃.
Further, in the step (5), the centrifugation rate is 3600-.
Further, in the step (6), the drying method is: and mixing the supernatant A and the supernatant B into the collagen peptide product, and then carrying out spray drying.
Further, in the step (1), the size of the diatomite and/or the activated carbon is 300 meshes or 600 meshes.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: in addition to decolorization and deodorization, a large amount of hydrophobic peptides are adsorbed by diatomite or active peptide in the decolorization and deodorization process. Hydrophobic peptides are a large group of substances with different hydrophobic properties, and a single concentration of organic solvent cannot elute all hydrophobic peptides from diatomite and/or activated carbon, so that the hydrophobic peptides adsorbed on the diatomite and/or activated carbon are eluted as much as possible by using gradient elution for recovery. The organic solvent in the eluent is removed, and the organic solvent is prevented from generating adverse effect on the yeast fermentation process. And the organic solvent can take away fishy substances such as trimethylamine, volatile fatty acid and the like in the evaporation process, so that the effect of removing part of the fishy substances is realized.
Drawings
The specific process flow of the invention is detailed below with reference to the accompanying drawings
FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a process for recovering a highly active peptide according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is a detailed process flow diagram of a method for recovering a highly active peptide according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The most key concept of the invention is as follows: eluting hydrophobic peptide adsorbed on diatomite and/or active carbon by using organic solvents with different concentrations, removing the organic solvents and part of fishy smell substances, and finally removing the residual fishy smell substances by using yeast fermentation.
To explain the feasibility of the inventive concept in detail, the technical contents, technical features, objects and effects achieved by the present invention are discussed in detail.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a method for recovering a highly active peptide includes the steps of:
(1) adding diatomite and/or active carbon into the fish skin collagen peptide product subjected to enzymolysis for decoloration and deodorization, and then filtering and separating to obtain a collagen peptide product and diatomite and/or active carbon containing fishy smell substances;
(2) loading the diatomite and/or the activated carbon containing fishy smell substances into a separation column;
(3) sequentially carrying out gradient elution by using organic solvents with the concentrations of 60-65%, 75-80% and 80-85%, and collecting eluent;
(4) evaporating to remove the organic solvent in the eluent to obtain a concentrated solution;
(5) adding yeast into the concentrated solution for fermentation, and centrifuging to obtain supernatant A.
In addition to decolorization and deodorization, a large amount of hydrophobic peptides are adsorbed by diatomite or active peptide in the decolorization and deodorization process. Hydrophobic peptides are a large group of substances with different hydrophobic properties, and a single concentration of organic solvent cannot elute all hydrophobic peptides from diatomite and/or activated carbon, so that the hydrophobic peptides adsorbed on the diatomite and/or activated carbon are eluted as much as possible by using gradient elution for recovery. The organic solvent in the eluent is removed, and the organic solvent is prevented from generating adverse effect on the yeast fermentation process. And the organic solvent can take away fishy substances such as trimethylamine, volatile fatty acid and the like in the evaporation process, so that the effect of removing part of the fishy substances is realized.
Further, in the step (2), before the diatomite and/or the activated carbon containing the fishy smell substances are loaded into the separation column, the diatomite and/or the activated carbon containing the fishy smell substances are put into ethanol with the concentration of 45% -50% for heavy suspension; and (4) loading the mixed suspension after the heavy suspension into a separation column, standing for at least 10min, and discharging clear liquid B. Repeated tests prove that the ethanol with the concentration of 45-50% is used for resuspending the diatomite and/or the activated carbon containing the hydrophobic peptides, so that part of the hydrophobic peptides can be eluted, and the fishy substances cannot be eluted. After solid-liquid separation, the liquid contains hydrophobic peptides without fishy smell, and can be directly utilized without a deodorization step.
Further, the method for recovering highly active peptide further comprises the step (6):
(6) and drying the supernatant A and the supernatant B to obtain the high active peptide dry powder. The solution containing the hydrophobic peptide is prepared into dry powder by a drying method, and the organic solvent and the water contained in the solution are removed, so that the solution is convenient to store, transport and use as a raw material.
Further, in the step (3), the step of gradient elution is: firstly using 60-65% ethanol with 1-2 times of column volume flow rate, then using 75-80% ethanol with 1-1.5 times of column volume flow rate, and finally using 80-85% ethanol with 1-1.5 times of column volume flow rate. The ethanol is used for elution, and the eluent effect is good. Compared with other organic solvents, the ethanol residue has less toxicity to human bodies and is easy to separate.
Further, in the step (5), saccharomyces cerevisiae is adopted for fermentation, the pH value of the fermentation is adjusted to 4.5-5.5, the addition amount of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is 1.5-2% of the concentrated solution, the fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2-2.5 h. The growth and fermentation of the saccharomyces cerevisiae is not affected by the residual ethanol in the concentrate. Repeated 'fermentation-fishy smell substance detection' tests show that the effect of removing fishy smell substances by saccharomyces cerevisiae is good, and the fishy smell substances in the concentrated solution can be measured and removed by adding 1.5-2% of saccharomyces cerevisiae in the concentrated solution and fermenting for 2-2.5h at the temperature of 32-35 ℃.
Further, in the step (4), a concentrated solution is obtained by adopting a rotary evaporation and reduced pressure concentration mode; the reduced pressure concentration temperature is 50-55 ℃; the pressure of the reduced pressure concentration is-0.05 to 0.15 MPa; concentrating under reduced pressure to volume of 30-35% of total volume of eluate. The rotary evaporation and reduced pressure concentration are used, the temperature of the ethanol, the trimethylamine, the volatile fatty acid and the like during evaporation can be reduced, the ethanol can be recycled, the operation is simple and convenient, the cost is reduced, and the resource investment and the pollution emission are reduced.
Further, in the step (2), the column temperature is controlled at 30-40 ℃. The column temperature is controlled to ensure that the hydrophobic peptide is eluted, but the colored material and most of the fishy material are still retained in the diatomite and/or the activated carbon. In the subsequent step (3), the gradient elution process is also continued to control the column temperature at 30-40 ℃.
Further, in the step (5), the centrifugation rate is 3600-. Due to the different weight of hydrophobic peptide from yeast, centrifugation separates the yeast from the hydrophobic peptide, the yeast aggregates into a solid, and the hydrophobic peptide remains in the supernatant.
Further, in the step (6), the drying method is: and mixing the supernatant A and the supernatant B into the collagen peptide product, and then carrying out spray drying. The spray drying speed is high, and the biological activity of the product is not influenced. The recycled active peptide is recycled from wastes in the process of producing the fish skin collagen hydrolysis peptide, and the essence of the active peptide is also the fish skin collagen hydrolysis peptide, so that the drying process technology can be combined with the drying technology for producing the fish skin collagen hydrolysis peptide, and the production cost is saved.
Further, in the step (1), the size of the diatomite and/or the activated carbon is 300 meshes or 600 meshes. The use of diatomite or active peptide is beneficial to removing fishy smell substances in the fish skin collagen hydrolysis peptide.
To further discuss the feasibility of the inventive concept, further discussion is provided in terms of the following examples.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for recovering a highly active peptide comprising the steps of:
(1) adding 300-mesh diatomite into the fish skin collagen peptide product subjected to enzymolysis for decoloration and deodorization, and then filtering and separating to obtain a collagen peptide product and diatomite containing fishy smell substances;
(2) putting the diatomite containing the fishy smell substances into 45% ethanol for resuspending; loading the mixed suspension into a separation column, controlling the column temperature at 30 ℃, standing for 10min, and discharging clear liquid B;
(3) firstly, 60% ethanol with the volume flow rate of 1 time of the column is used, then 75% ethanol with the volume flow rate of 1 time of the column is used, finally 80% ethanol with the volume flow rate of 1 time of the column is used for gradient elution, and eluent is collected;
(4) performing reduced pressure evaporation at 50 deg.C under-0.05 MPa by rotary evaporation and reduced pressure concentration to remove ethanol from the eluate to obtain concentrated solution; concentrating under reduced pressure to volume of 30% of total volume of eluate;
(5) adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an addition amount of 1.5% of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution, adjusting pH of fermentation to 4.5, fermenting at 32 deg.C for 2h, centrifuging at 3600 r/min for 8min, and centrifuging to obtain supernatant A;
(6) mixing the supernatant A and the supernatant B into the collagen peptide product, and then carrying out spray drying.
Example two:
a method for recovering a highly active peptide comprising the steps of:
(1) adding 600 mesh active carbon into the fish skin collagen peptide product after enzymolysis for decolorization and deodorization, and then filtering and separating to obtain a collagen peptide product and active carbon containing fishy smell substances;
(2) putting the activated carbon containing the fishy smell substances into 50% ethanol for resuspension; loading the mixed suspension into a separation column, controlling the column temperature at 40 ℃, standing for 15min, and discharging clear liquid B;
(3) firstly, using 65 percent ethanol with 2 times of column volume flow, then using 80 percent ethanol with 1.5 times of column volume flow, finally using 85 percent ethanol with 1.5 times of column volume flow to carry out gradient elution, and collecting eluent;
(4) performing reduced pressure evaporation to remove ethanol in the eluate by rotary evaporation and reduced pressure concentration at 55 deg.C and-0.15 MPa to obtain concentrated solution; concentrating under reduced pressure to volume of 35% of total volume of eluate;
(5) adding 2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae to the concentrated solution, adjusting pH to 5.5, fermenting at 35 deg.C for 2.5 hr, centrifuging at 4400 rpm for 12min, and collecting supernatant A;
(6) mixing the supernatant A and the supernatant B, and spray drying.
Example three:
a method for recovering a highly active peptide comprising the steps of:
(1) adding 300-mesh/600-mesh diatomite and active carbon into the fish skin collagen peptide product subjected to enzymolysis for decoloration and deodorization, and then filtering and separating to obtain a collagen peptide product, and diatomite and active carbon containing fishy smell substances;
(2) putting the diatomite containing the fishy smell substances and the active carbon into ethanol with the concentration of 48% for heavy suspension; loading the mixed suspension into a separation column, controlling the column temperature at 35 ℃, standing for 20min, and discharging clear liquid B;
(3) performing gradient elution with 60-65% ethanol with 1.5 times column volume flow, then 75% ethanol with 1.2 times column volume flow, and finally 80% ethanol with 1-1.5 times column volume flow, and collecting eluate;
(4) performing reduced pressure evaporation at 52 deg.C and-0.1 MPa to remove ethanol from the eluate by rotary evaporation and reduced pressure concentration to obtain concentrated solution; concentrating under reduced pressure to volume of 32% of total volume of eluate;
(5) adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae with an addition amount of 1.5% of the concentrated solution into the concentrated solution, adjusting pH value of fermentation to 5.0, fermenting at 34 deg.C for 2.2h, centrifuging at 4000 rpm for 10min, and collecting supernatant A;
(6) mixing the supernatant A and the supernatant B into the collagen peptide product, and then carrying out spray drying.
To discuss the beneficial effects of the present method, the following discussion is made from the peptide content and the clearance of DPPH:
the peptide content (mg/mL) and DPPH clearance (%) of the collagen peptide sample solution before decolorization and deodorization, the decolorized and deodorized collagen peptide sample solution, and the collagen peptide sample solution after addition of the recovered active peptide were measured, respectively, and the test results are detailed in table 1.
TABLE 1
According to table 1, the collagen peptide sample solution before decolorization and deodorization is used as a reference analysis, so that the content of the collagen peptide is reduced by 8.2% -9.8% after decolorization and deodorization by using diatomite and active peptide, and the DPPH clearance of the obtained collagen peptide is reduced by 9.5% -51.1%; after the active peptide adsorbed on the diatomite and/or the active carbon is recovered, the content of the collagen peptide is increased by 5.6 to 8.1 percent, and the DPPH clearance rate of the obtained collagen peptide is increased by 14.5 to 18.3 percent. The recovery of active peptide adsorbed on diatomite and/or active carbon results in high collagen peptide content, compared with that before decolorizing and deodorizing, and the utilization of yeast fermentation process can eliminate fishy smell matter and convert partial hydrolyzed protein into active peptide, so as to raise the collagen peptide content and DPPH eliminating rate.
In summary, according to the method for recovering highly active peptides provided by the present invention, a large amount of hydrophobic peptides are adsorbed in the decoloring and deodorizing process by using the diatomite or the active peptide. The diatomite and/or the active carbon containing the hydrophobic peptides are resuspended by using 45% -50% ethanol, so that part of the hydrophobic peptides can be eluted, and the fishy substances cannot be eluted. After solid-liquid separation, the liquid contains hydrophobic peptides without fishy smell, and can be directly utilized without a deodorization step. And because the hydrophobic peptides are a large class of substances, the hydrophobic properties of the hydrophobic peptides are different, and a single concentration of organic solvent cannot elute all the hydrophobic peptides from the diatomite and/or the activated carbon, the hydrophobic peptides adsorbed on the diatomite and/or the activated carbon are eluted as far as possible by using gradient elution for recovery. The organic solvent in the eluent is removed, and the organic solvent is prevented from generating adverse effect on the yeast fermentation process. And the organic solvent can take away fishy substances such as trimethylamine, volatile fatty acid and the like in the evaporation process, so that the effect of removing part of the fishy substances is realized. The ethanol, trimethylamine and volatile fatty acid can be removed by rotary evaporation and reduced pressure concentration, and the ethanol can be recycled. The yeast removes fishy smell substances, and simultaneously converts other hydrolyzed proteins into active peptides, thereby increasing the yield of the active peptides. The peptide product was separated from the yeast by centrifugation. The solution containing the hydrophobic peptide is prepared into dry powder by a drying method, so that the solution is convenient to store, transport and use as a raw material.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent flow transformations made by the present specification, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for recovering a highly active peptide, comprising the steps of:
(1) adding diatomite and/or active carbon into the fish skin collagen peptide product subjected to enzymolysis for decoloration and deodorization, and then filtering and separating to obtain a collagen peptide product and diatomite and/or active carbon containing fishy smell substances;
(2) putting the diatomite and/or the active carbon containing the fishy smell substances into ethanol with the concentration of 45% -50% for heavy suspension; loading the mixed suspension after the heavy suspension into a separation column, standing for at least 10min, and discharging clear liquid B;
(3) sequentially carrying out gradient elution by using organic solvents with the concentrations of 60-65%, 75-80% and 80-85%, and collecting eluent;
(4) evaporating to remove the organic solvent in the eluent to obtain a concentrated solution;
(5) adding yeast into the concentrated solution for fermentation, and centrifuging to obtain supernatant A.
2. The method for recovering a highly active peptide according to claim 1, further comprising the step (6):
(6) and drying the supernatant A and the supernatant B to obtain the high active peptide dry powder.
3. The method for recovering a highly active peptide according to claim 2, wherein in the step (3), the step of gradient elution is: firstly using 60-65% ethanol with 1-2 times of column volume flow rate, then using 75-80% ethanol with 1-1.5 times of column volume flow rate, and finally using 80-85% ethanol with 1-1.5 times of column volume flow rate.
4. The method for recovering highly active peptides according to claim 3, wherein in the step (5), fermentation is performed using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the pH of the fermentation is adjusted to 4.5-5.5, the amount of Saccharomyces cerevisiae added is 1.5-2% of the concentrate, the fermentation temperature is 32-35 ℃, and the fermentation time is 2-2.5 h.
5. The method for recovering highly active peptide according to claim 4, wherein in the step (4), the concentrated solution is obtained by rotary evaporation and concentration under reduced pressure; the reduced pressure concentration temperature is 50-55 ℃; the pressure of the reduced pressure concentration is-0.15 to 0.05 MPa; concentrating under reduced pressure to volume of 30-35% of total volume of eluate.
6. The method for recovering a highly active peptide according to claim 5, wherein in the step (2), the column temperature is controlled to 30 to 40 ℃.
7. The method for recovering highly active peptide according to claim 6, wherein in the step (5), the centrifugation rate is 3600-.
8. The method for recovering highly active peptide according to claim 7, wherein in the step (6), the drying method is: and mixing the supernatant A and the supernatant B into the collagen peptide product, and then carrying out spray drying.
9. The method for recovering highly active peptide according to claim 8, wherein in the step (1), the size of the diatomaceous earth and/or the activated carbon is 300 mesh or 600 mesh.
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