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CN109822248A - A hot isostatic pressing-brazing composite forming method for thin-walled structures - Google Patents

A hot isostatic pressing-brazing composite forming method for thin-walled structures Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109822248A
CN109822248A CN201910151826.0A CN201910151826A CN109822248A CN 109822248 A CN109822248 A CN 109822248A CN 201910151826 A CN201910151826 A CN 201910151826A CN 109822248 A CN109822248 A CN 109822248A
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thin
isostatic pressing
hot isostatic
walled
brazing
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CN109822248B (en
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魏青松
滕庆
孙闪闪
蔡超
史玉升
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention belongs to hot isostatic pressing forming and welding fields, and disclose a kind of hot isostatic pressing for thin-wall construction-soldering combined shaping method.This method includes the following steps: that (a) chooses solder, cleans the surface of thin-walled workpiece and type core to be connected, three is stacked, and wherein solder is placed between thin-walled workpiece and type core;(b) thin-walled workpiece to be connected, type core and solder after stacking carry out hip treatment, and during being somebody's turn to do, interatomic diffusion, the connection between realizing occur between solder respectively for thin-walled workpiece and type core to be connected.Through the invention, the connection of thin-walled workpiece and type core at low temperature is realized, junction even tissue, gross segregation is few.

Description

A kind of hot isostatic pressing for thin-wall construction-soldering combined shaping method
Technical field
The invention belongs to hot isostatic pressing forming and welding fields, more particularly, to a kind of heat etc. for thin-wall construction Static pressure-soldering combined shaping method.
Background technique
It is more and more harsher in requirement of some key positions to material with the fast development of aerospace science and technology, due to Long-term work is under higher temperature environment, it is desirable that material has good elevated temperature strength and fatigue behaviour to guarantee aerospace The safety and stability of equipment.
Aerospace engine is rocket " heart ", and structure is complicated for the key components and parts such as turbine, casing, and material is difficult to Processing, causes figuration manufacture difficulty big.With the continuous development of space technology, the requirement to engine thrust-weight ratio is continuously improved, Further improve the requirement to material.Engine is mainly made of turbine, propellant energy properties pump and combustion chamber.Turbine material master There are nickel-base alloy, cobalt-base alloys and titanium alloy.It being pumped compared to turbine and propellant energy properties, the environment of combustion chamber is more harsh, Indoor Combustion temperature can reach 3000 DEG C or more.Under this elevated temperature condition, softening either fusing can all occur for any material, Only to combustion chamber and gas outlet carry out it is cooling just can guarantee material it is necessary to intensity.Liquid fuel is started Machine, frequently with cellular flow passages structure material as mounting plate, using itself low temperature liquid fuel to increase cooling effect.Except this Except, the exterior skin and jet pipe of some aircrafts can also use this structure, these key position parts are generally multilayer knot Structure, inside has complicated water runner, while size is larger.When shaping these parts, frequently with laser welding, vacuum brazing Etc. techniques, it is higher to the required precision of processing and assembly using both welding but for this part, such as vacuum pricker Weldering, it is desirable that welded gaps are difficult to ensure welding quality for complicated, large scale structure in 0.1mm or so, often occur overlap, The defects of slag inclusion, and the space of labyrinth is also difficult to meet technique requirement.
To solve the above problems, it proposes using hot isostatic pressing-soldering compound (HIP-BRAZING) forming Technique.Hot isostatic pressing technique is used for the densification of casting earliest, can effectively eliminate casting by hip treatment The defects of and hole.It is diffused another important application that connection is also hot isostatic pressing using hot isostatic pressing, in high temperature and pressure Under effect, two different materials such as metal-metal, metal-non-metal, nonmetallic-nonmetallic, surface atom is fast moved, It is locally plastically deformed, forms new diffusion layer in interface, be reliably connected to realize.But directly using hot isostatic pressing into Temperature needed for row diffusion link is higher, has an impact to matrix material itself, therefore limit its application, and connects to reduce diffusion Required temperature is connect, while obtaining good linkage interface, therefore proposes processing method of the invention.
Summary of the invention
Aiming at the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of heat for thin-wall construction etc. is quiet It is internal complicated to form having for welding position function admirable for connecting of the same race or dissimilar material for pressure-soldering combined shaping method The components of the multilayer thin-wall construction of runner, wherein by the condition using hot isostatic pressing high temperature and pressure, make to have internal multiple The plate of miscellaneous flow passage structure is diffused connection, and in order to reduce hip temperature to thin-wall construction plate tissue and performance It influences, lower melting-point solder is filled between thin-wall construction and type core, at a lower temperature and under certain pressure condition Implement hot isostatic pressing, makes thin-wall construction and type core that atom occur between solder and sufficiently spread, thus the company between reality It connects, thus solves hip temperature high technical problem when thin-wall construction is difficult to connect and connect.
To achieve the above object, it is proposed, according to the invention, provide a kind of hot isostatic pressing-soldering for thin-wall construction and be combined into Shape method, which is characterized in that this method includes the following steps:
(a) solder is chosen according to thin-walled workpiece to be connected and type core, cleans thin-walled workpiece and type core to be connected Surface, thin-walled workpiece to be connected, type core and the solder three after cleaning are stacked, wherein the solder places the thin-walled Between structural member and type core;
(b) thin-walled workpiece, type core and solder progress hip treatment to be connected, the process described in after stacking In, interatomic diffusion occurs between the solder respectively for the thin-walled workpiece to be connected and type core, between realization Connection, wherein the solder by using low-melting aluminium base, titanium based solder or nickel content solder so that in low heat At a temperature of equal static pressure, the thin-walled workpiece to be connected and type core are connected.
It is further preferred that the thin-walled workpiece to be connected preferably uses titanium alloy or nickel base superalloy.
It is further preferred that the preferred water soluble oxidized calcium based composites of the material of the type core.
It is further preferred that the material of the solder preferably uses Al-Mn, Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Cu, Ti-Cu- Ni, Ti-Zr-Be or nickel foil, thickness is preferably with a thickness of 25 μm~50 μm.
It is further preferred that by the thin-walled knot to be connected preferably by the way of vacuumizing before the hip treatment Air discharge between component, type core and solder, is bonded closer between being.
It is further preferred that when the material of the thin-walled workpiece wait connect is nickel base superalloy, described heat etc. The holding temperature of static pressure is 950 DEG C~1100 DEG C, and pressure is 10MPa~40MPa, when the material of the thin-walled workpiece to be connected When material is titanium-base alloy, the holding temperature of the hot isostatic pressing is 800 DEG C~950 DEG C, and pressure is 10MPa~40MPa.
In general, through the invention it is contemplated above technical scheme is compared with the prior art, can obtain down and show Beneficial effect:
1, the present invention connects thin-wall construction with type core by using the mode of hot isostatic pressing, in this process, in high temperature Under high pressure coupling, diffusion connection occurs between the atom of solder respectively for thin-wall construction and type core, and metallurgical bonding has occurred, So that the plumb joint even tissue obtained, switching performance is good, while under higher temperature and pressure, connecting portion being avoided to produce Angry hole etc. influences the defect of connector quality, ensure that the parts product quality finally obtained;
2, the present invention by using selected the metal material system being easily worked either use higher melting-point oxidation Objects system is as type core, convenient for the removal of later period type core, meanwhile, the solder used reduces heat etc. for low-melting alloy, with this The temperature of static pressure, so that realizing the connection of thin-wall construction and type core at a lower temperature;
3, the present invention is different according to the material of the thin-wall construction of selection, selects different hip temperatures different but whole The temperature of body hot isostatic pressing is lower, little to thin-wall construction material and type core itself tissue effect to compare with conventional bonding technique, More uniformly, gross segregation is less for manufacturing process tissue obtained.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of thin-wall construction constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention;
Fig. 2 is the stacking diagram of thin-wall construction constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention, solder and type core;
Fig. 3 is heat and other static pressuring processes figure constructed by preferred embodiment according to the invention.
In all the appended drawings, identical appended drawing reference is used to denote the same element or structure, in which:
1- positioning pin, 2- upper cover plate, 3- microchannel, 4- bleeding point, 5- lower cover plate, 6- solder.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, right The present invention is further elaborated.It should be appreciated that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention, and It is not used in the restriction present invention.As long as in addition, technical characteristic involved in the various embodiments of the present invention described below Not constituting a conflict with each other can be combined with each other.
A kind of hot isostatic pressing with multilayer thin-wall construction and soldering combined forming process of the invention, which is characterized in that This method comprises the following steps:
1, thin-wall construction is processed according to part shape, the light sheet that the present embodiment uses, as shown in Figure 1, For the thin-wall construction as basis material, material is titanium alloy or nickel-base high-temperature alloy material, such as: TC4, Inconel718, FGH97 etc..
2, according to the thin-wall construction of required forming, corresponding type core is designed using 3 d modeling software;
For the part with labyrinth, reasonable structure optimization and core designs are particularly significant, for some appearances Be also easy to produce the position of defect, it should its structure is optimized, to improve the quality of parts product, usually using Pro/E, The softwares such as SolidWorks carry out simulative optimization, greatly reduce the core designs period.
The selection of core material system:
For titanium alloy substrate material, the temperature for being diffused connection is 650~850 DEG C, for the ease of rear ideotype core Removal, can select water soluble oxidized calcium based composites, and specific ingredient is calcium oxide (CaO)+sodium chloride (NaCl)+poly- second Alkene pyrrolidone (PVP)+glycerine (C3H8O3);Wherein CaO fusing point is 2580 DEG C, is had at a temperature of hot isostatic pressing spreads and connects There is certain intensity, certain control shape effect can be provided for workpiece, NaCl fusing point is 801 DEG C, can be at a temperature of spreading connection As the bridging agent of CaO under high temperature, while NaCl is water-soluble, is conducive to subsequent removal, the effect of PVP and glycerine is can To make the mixed-powder of NaCl and CaO form sticky slurry at normal temperature, convenient for its filling in type chamber;In pumping process Middle PVP and C3H8O3 decomposes under high temperature action and is discharged outside workpiece.
For nickel base superalloy basis material system, the temperature for being diffused connection is 900~1100 DEG C, can still be selected With water soluble oxidized calcium based composites, in this temperature range, NaCl melts completely, be unfavorable between basis material and solder into Row diffusion connection.The specific ingredient of core material is calcium oxide (CaO)+(iron powder+graphite powder)+polyvinylpyrrolidone at this time (PVP)+glycerine (C3H8O3).
3, suitable solder is selected.The solid solder of lamelliform is used in the present invention, thickness selects 50~100 μm.
In diffusion connection, hip temperature can be reduced using the solder of low melting point, so as to guarantee to connect Influence of the hip temperature to basis material tissue and performance is reduced in the case where head quality.The choosing of solder material system simultaneously Select aspect, should select with material similar in basis material element, with mitigate due to constituent content change to connector position tissue Uniformity and stability impact.
The selection of solder material system:
For titanium alloy substrate material, the temperature for being diffused connection is 650~850 DEG C, and aluminium base or titanium can be used Base solder, such as Al-Mn, Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Cu.
For nickel base superalloy basis material system, the temperature for being diffused connection is 900~1100 DEG C, be can be used Titanium based solder or the higher solder of nickel content, such as Ti-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Be or nickel foil.
4, thin-walled workpiece, solder and type core are assembled, as shown in Figure 2.
Since diffusion connection requires height to surface quality of workpieces, piece surface is processed by shot blasting before assembly, is removed Surface oxide layer and sundries, and with dehydrated alcohol or acetone clean the surface, to improve diffusion quality of connection.
5, it is welded between upper and lower cover plates using TIG, pumping process is carried out to workpiece, while carrying out at heating Reason carries out soldering and sealing processing to exclude remaining gas between workpiece after vacuum degree in jacket reaches a certain level.
Specifically, fixed upper and lower cover plates is simultaneously after solder and core material are carried out tooling by upper and lower cover plates using positioning pin Compacting, welds it along upper and lower cover plates gap;Exhaust tube is welded to the bleeding point of workpiece, in order to the pumping of workpiece Gas;Pumping process is carried out to workpiece, is first evacuated, workpiece is added at room temperature when vacuum degree reaches 0.1Pa or less Heat treatment, heating temperature are 300~400 DEG C, to exclude the gas of the remaining between powder particle as far as possible, reach one to vacuum degree Soldering and sealing is carried out to exhaust tube (when vacuum degree is 10-3~10-4Pa) after determining degree.
6, hip treatment is carried out to above-mentioned encapsulation workpiece using the hip treatment technique of increasing temperature and pressure simultaneously.Such as Shown in Fig. 3, during hip treatment, atom occurs to spread and closely connect, and the brazing material of low melting point is between matrix Connection provide advantage.
Temperature used in connection is diffused using hot isostatic pressing, should be determined according to the material system of matrix, if Matrix alloy is nickel base superalloy, and holding temperature is 950~1100 DEG C, pressure 10-40MPa;If matrix alloy is titanium conjunction Gold, holding temperature are 800~950 DEG C, and pressure is 10~40MPa.
7, edge of work part is cut off using machine-tooled method, while is cleaned using water either diluted acid vibration, Type core is removed.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments.
Embodiment 1
This example uses TC4 alloy material as basis material, since titanium alloy has excellent performance, in aerospace And civil field all has and is widely applied.Since TC4 phase point temperature is 950~990 DEG C, solder system selects Ti-Zr- Cu-N, fusion temperature are 770~820 DEG C, and hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection temperature is selected as 800 DEG C, and pressure is selected as 20Mpa.Root The plate thin-walled parts of microchannel are formed with using method of the invention according to above-mentioned parameter.Specific step is as follows:
1, corresponding heat and other static pressuring processes scheme is gone out according to the structural design of fittings of required forming, due to using hot isostatic pressing It is diffused connection, material matrix itself can be used as the jacket of transmitting pressure and temperature.According to the structure of part, to needing to carry out The plate of diffusion connection is processed.
2, diffusion connection surface cleaned, polished, polishing treatment;
3, by calcium oxide (CaO)+sodium chloride (NaCl)+polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)+glycerine (C3H8O3) according to one Certainty ratio is made into colloid, and is filled into the type chamber for the material that step 1 processes;
3, using Ti-Zr-Cu system solder, and solder is uniformly layered between two surfaces for needing to be diffused connection, And it is welded;
4, the good part of tooling is heated and is vacuumized, reach 10 to vacuum degree-3When Pa, it is packaged;
5, hot isostatic pressing is carried out, holding temperature is 800~950 DEG C, and pressure is 10~40MPa, soaking time 1h.
6, workpiece peripheral solder part is removed using wire cutting method, workpiece is cleaned with water or dilute hydrochloric acid, with Remove core material;
Embodiment 2
With the development of aeronautical and space technology, aero-engine thrust ratio is increasing, and inlet temperature also increases accordingly. Nickel-base alloy has 50% or more material to use high temperature alloy as a kind of outstanding high temperature alloy, modern gas turbine engines, Wherein nickel-base material accounts for 40% or so.Nickel-base alloy has under the conditions of middle and high temperature as common numbers of hot-side engine component materials There is excellent comprehensive performance.Power resources of the combustion chamber as engine, working environment is the harshest, and environment temperature is high, has The cooling of effect is particularly important, and cooling effect can be improved as Inner Wall of Combustion Chamber using the thin-walled material with pipeline configuration.This Example uses Inconel718 high-temperature nickel-base alloy, since nickel base superalloy fusing point is higher, therefore hot isostatic pressing diffusion connection temperature Degree is selected as 1000 DEG C, solder system using pure nickel foil with a thickness of 25 μm, core material system be calcium oxide (CaO)+(iron powder+ Graphite powder)+polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)+glycerine (C3H8O3), the hot isostatic pressing heat-insulation pressure keeping time is 1h, according to above-mentioned ginseng Number utilizes present invention forming, the specific steps are as follows:
1, the structure shaped according to needed for carries out corresponding working process to nickel-based high-temperature alloy sheet material;
2, diffusion connection surface cleaned, polished, polishing treatment;
3, by calcium oxide (CaO)+(iron powder+graphite powder)+polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)+glycerine (C3H8O3) according to Certain proportion is made into colloid, and is filled into the type chamber for the material that step 1 processes;
3, pure nickel foil is tiled between two surfaces for needing to be diffused connection, and is welded;
4, the good part of tooling is heated and is vacuumized, reach 10 to vacuum degree-3When Pa, it is packaged;
5, hot isostatic pressing is carried out, holding temperature is 950~1100 DEG C, and pressure is 10~40MPa, soaking time 1h.
6, workpiece peripheral solder part is removed using wire cutting method, workpiece is cleaned with dilute sulfuric acid, with removal type Core material.
As it will be easily appreciated by one skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, not to The limitation present invention, any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should all include Within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1.一种用于薄壁结构的热等静压-钎焊复合成形方法,其特征在于,该方法包括下列步骤:1. A hot isostatic pressing-brazing composite forming method for thin-walled structure is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps: (a)根据待连接的薄壁结构件和型芯选取钎料,清洗待连接的薄壁结构件和型芯的表面,将清洗后的待连接薄壁结构件、型芯和所述钎料三者叠放,其中所述钎料放置所述薄壁结构件和型芯之间;(a) Select the brazing material according to the thin-walled structural parts to be connected and the core, clean the surfaces of the thin-walled structural parts to be connected and the core, and clean the thin-walled structural parts to be connected, the core and the brazing filler metal. The three are stacked, wherein the brazing material is placed between the thin-walled structural member and the core; (b)将叠放后的所述待连接薄壁结构件、型芯和钎料进行热等静压处理,该过程中,所述待连接薄壁结构件和型芯分别与所述钎料之间发生原子间的扩散,实现彼此之间的连接,其中,所述钎料通过采用熔点低的铝基、钛基钎料或含镍量的钎料,使得在低的热等静压温度下,所述待连接薄壁结构件和型芯得以连接。(b) performing hot isostatic pressing on the stacked thin-walled structural members to be connected, the core and the brazing filler metal. Diffusion occurs between atoms to realize the connection between each other, wherein the brazing filler metal adopts aluminum-based, titanium-based brazing filler metal or filler metal containing nickel with low melting point, so that it can be pressed at a low hot isostatic pressing temperature. Then, the thin-walled structural member to be connected and the core are connected. 2.如权利要求1所述的一种用于薄壁结构的热等静压-钎焊复合成形方法,其特征在于,所述待连接的薄壁结构件优选采用钛合金或镍基高温合金。2. A hot isostatic pressing-brazing composite forming method for thin-walled structures as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thin-walled structural parts to be connected are preferably titanium alloys or nickel-based superalloys . 3.如权利要求1或2所述的一种用于薄壁结构的热等静压-钎焊复合成形方法,其特征在于,所述型芯的材料优选水溶性氧化钙基复合材料。3 . The hot isostatic pressing-brazing composite forming method for thin-walled structures according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the core material is preferably a water-soluble calcium oxide-based composite material. 4 . 4.如权利要求1-3任一项所述的一种用于薄壁结构的热等静压-钎焊复合成形方法,其特征在于,所述钎料的材料优选采用Al-Mn、Ti-Zr-Cu-Ni、Ti-Zr-Cu、Ti-Cu-Ni、Ti-Zr-Be或镍箔,厚度优选为厚度为25μm~50μm。4. a kind of hot isostatic pressing-brazing composite forming method for thin-walled structure as described in any one of claim 1-3, it is characterized in that, the material of described brazing filler metal preferably adopts Al-Mn, Ti -Zr-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Cu, Ti-Cu-Ni, Ti-Zr-Be, or nickel foil, the thickness is preferably 25 μm to 50 μm. 5.如权利要求1-4任一项所述的一种用于薄壁结构的热等静压-钎焊复合成形方法,其特征在于,所述热等静压处理前优选采用抽真空的方式将所述待连接薄壁结构件、型芯和钎料之间的空气排出,是彼此之间贴合更紧密。5. A kind of hot isostatic pressing-brazing composite forming method for thin-walled structure as described in any one of claims 1-4, it is characterized in that, before described hot isostatic pressing, preferably adopts vacuumized In this way, the air between the thin-walled structural parts to be connected, the core and the brazing material is exhausted, so that they are more closely attached to each other. 6.如权利要求1-5任一项所述的一种用于薄壁结构的热等静压-钎焊复合成形方法,其特征在于,当所述待连接的薄壁结构件的材料为镍基高温合金时,所述热等静压的保温温度为950℃~1100℃,压力为10MPa~40MPa,当所述待连接的薄壁结构件的材料为钛基合金时,所述热等静压的保温温度为800℃~950℃,压力为10MPa~40MPa。6. A hot isostatic pressing-brazing composite forming method for thin-walled structures according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, when the material of the thin-walled structural parts to be connected is In the case of nickel-based superalloy, the holding temperature of the hot isostatic pressing is 950°C to 1100°C, and the pressure is 10MPa to 40MPa. When the material of the thin-walled structural member to be connected is a titanium-based alloy, the thermal The holding temperature of the static pressure is 800°C to 950°C, and the pressure is 10MPa to 40MPa.
CN201910151826.0A 2019-02-28 2019-02-28 A hot isostatic pressing-brazing composite forming method for thin-walled structures Expired - Fee Related CN109822248B (en)

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CN113043648B (en) * 2021-03-08 2024-01-26 洛阳航辉新材料有限公司 Hot isostatic pressing method of flat plate castings
CN114734106A (en) * 2022-03-30 2022-07-12 西安航天发动机有限公司 Brazing method for copper steel brazing part with small hole and throat part on inner wall
CN114734106B (en) * 2022-03-30 2024-06-04 西安航天发动机有限公司 Brazing method of copper steel brazing piece with small holes and throat on inner wall

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